1
|
Warren A. The relationship between gender differences in dietary habits, neuroinflammation, and Alzheimer's disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1395825. [PMID: 38694261 PMCID: PMC11061392 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1395825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurocognitive decline is one of the foremost dire issues in medicine today. The mechanisms by which dementia pathogenesis ensues are complicated and multifactorial, particularly in the case of Alzheimer's disease (AD). One irrefutable, yet unexplained factor is the gender disparity in AD, in which women are disproportionately affected by AD, both in the rate and severity of the disease. Examining the multifaceted contributing causes along with unique gender dynamics in modifiable risk factors, such as diet, may lend some insight into why this disparity exists and potential paths forward. The aim of this brief narrative review is to summarize the current literature of gender differences in dietary habits and how they may relate to neuroinflammatory states that contribute to AD pathogenesis. As such, the interplay between diet, hormones, and inflammation will be discussed, along with potential interventions to inform care practices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alison Warren
- The Department of Clinical Research and Leadership, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bou Zerdan M, Hebbo E, Hijazi A, El Gemayel M, Nasr J, Nasr D, Yaghi M, Bouferraa Y, Nagarajan A. The Gut Microbiome and Alzheimer's Disease: A Growing Relationship. Curr Alzheimer Res 2022; 19:CAR-EPUB-128458. [PMID: 36578263 DOI: 10.2174/1567205020666221227090125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Evidence that the gut microbiota plays a key role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease is already un-ravelling. The microbiota-gut-brain axis is a bidirectional communication system that is not fully understood but includes neural, immune, endocrine, and metabolic pathways. The progression of Alzheimer's disease is supported by mechanisms related to the imbalance in the gut microbiota and the development of amyloid plaques in the brain, which are at the origin of Alzheimer's disease. Alterations in the composition of the gut microbiome led to dysregulation in the pathways governing this system. This leads to neurodegeneration through neuroinflammation and neurotransmitter dysregulation. Neurodegeneration and disruption of the blood-brain barrier are frontiers at the origin of Alzheimer's disease. Furthermore, bacteria populating the gut microbiota can secrete large amounts of amyloid proteins and lipopolysaccharides, which modulate signaling pathways and alter the production of proinflammatory cytokines associated with the pathogenesis of Alz-heimer's disease. Importantly, through molecular mimicry, bacterial amyloids may elicit cross-seeding of misfolding and induce microglial priming at different levels of the brain-gut-microbiota axis. The potential mechanisms of amyloid spreading include neuron-to-neuron or distal neuron spreading, direct blood-brain barrier crossing, or via other cells such as astrocytes, fibroblasts, microglia, and immune system cells. Gut microbiota metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids, pro-inflammatory factors, and neurotransmitters may also affect AD pathogenesis and associated cognitive decline. The purpose of this review is to summarize and discuss the current findings that may elucidate the role of gut microbiota in the development of Alzheimer's disease. Understanding the underlying mechanisms may provide new insights into novel therapeutic strategies for Alzheimer's disease, such as probiotics and targeted oligosaccharides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maroun Bou Zerdan
- Department of Internal Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, New York, USA
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, Florida, USA
| | - Elsa Hebbo
- Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 2020, Lebanon
| | - Ali Hijazi
- Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 2020, Lebanon
| | - Maria El Gemayel
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hotel-Dieu de France Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Janane Nasr
- Saint George Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Balamand, Beirut 1100, Lebanon
| | - Dayana Nasr
- Department of Internal Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, New York, USA
| | - Marita Yaghi
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, Florida, USA
| | - Youssef Bouferraa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Arun Nagarajan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abstract
This narrative review seeks to examine the relationships between bacterial microbiomes and infectious disease. This is achieved by detailing how different human host microbiomes develop and function, from the earliest infant acquisitions of maternal and environmental species through to the full development of microbiomes by adulthood. Communication between bacterial species or communities of species within and outside of the microbiome is a factor in both maintenance of homeostasis and management of threats from the external environment. Dysbiosis of this homeostasis is key to understanding the development of disease states. Several microbiomes and the microbiota within are used as prime examples of how changes in species composition, particularly at the phylum level, leads to such diverse conditions as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), type 2 diabetes, psoriasis, Parkinson's disease, reflux oesophagitis and others. The review examines spatial relationships between microbiomes to understand how dysbiosis in the gut microbiome in particular can influence diseases in distant host sites via routes such as the gut-lung, gut-skin and gut-brain axes. Microbiome interaction with host processes such as adaptive immunity is increasingly identified as critical to developing the capacity of the immune system to react to pathogens. Dysbiosis of essential bacteria involved in modification of host substrates such as bile acid components can result in development of Crohn's disease, small intestine bacterial overgrowth, hepatic cancer and obesity. Interactions between microbiomes in distantly located sites are being increasingly being identified, resulting in a 'whole of body' effect by the combined host microbiome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jim Manos
- Infection, Immunity and InflammationSchool of Medical SciencesFaculty of Medicine and HealthThe Charles Perkins CentreThe University of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lalonde R, Strazielle C. Probiotic effects on anxiety-like behavior in animal models. Rev Neurosci 2022; 33:691-701. [PMID: 35381125 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2021-0173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Gut microbiota have been shown to be useful in treating gastrointestinal diseases, cancer, obesity, infections, and, more recently, neuropsychiatric conditions such as degenerative diseases and depression. There has also been recent expansion in testing probiotics and prebiotics on anxiety-like behaviors in animals. Current results indicate that probiotic substances of the Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium type are effective in reducing anxiety-like behaviors in mice or rats evaluated in the elevated plus-maze, the open-field, the light-dark box, and conditioned defensive burying. Probiotics are also effective in reducing serum or plasma corticosterone levels after acute stress. It is hypothesized that probiotics cause anxiolytic-like effects via vagal influences on caudal solitary nucleus, periaqueductal gray, central nucleus of the amygdala, and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis. Further experimentation is needed to trace the neurochemical anatomy underlying anxiolytic-like behaviors of gut microbiata exerting effects via vagal or nonvagal pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Lalonde
- University of Lorraine, Laboratory of Stress, Immunity, Pathogens (EA7300), Medical School, 54500 Vandœuvre-les-Nancy, France
| | - Catherine Strazielle
- University of Lorraine, Laboratory of Stress, Immunity, Pathogens (EA7300), Medical School, 54500 Vandœuvre-les-Nancy, France.,CHRU Nancy, 54500 Vandœuvre-les-Nancy, France
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Varesi A, Pierella E, Romeo M, Piccini GB, Alfano C, Bjørklund G, Oppong A, Ricevuti G, Esposito C, Chirumbolo S, Pascale A. The Potential Role of Gut Microbiota in Alzheimer’s Disease: from Diagnosis to Treatment. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030668. [PMID: 35277027 PMCID: PMC8840394 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota is emerging as a key regulator of many disease conditions and its dysregulation is implicated in the pathogenesis of several gastrointestinal and extraintestinal disorders. More recently, gut microbiome alterations have been linked to neurodegeneration through the increasingly defined gut microbiota brain axis, opening the possibility for new microbiota-based therapeutic options. Although several studies have been conducted to unravel the possible relationship between Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) pathogenesis and progression, the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of approaches aiming at restoring gut microbiota eubiosis remain to be fully addressed. In this narrative review, we briefly summarize the role of gut microbiota homeostasis in brain health and disease, and we present evidence for its dysregulation in AD patients. Based on these observations, we then discuss how dysbiosis might be exploited as a new diagnostic tool in early and advanced disease stages, and we examine the potential of prebiotics, probiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and diets as complementary therapeutic interventions on disease pathogenesis and progression, thus offering new insights into the diagnosis and treatment of this devastating and progressive disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Varesi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
- Almo Collegio Borromeo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.V.); (G.R.)
| | - Elisa Pierella
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK; (E.P.); (A.O.)
| | - Marcello Romeo
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | | | - Claudia Alfano
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Surgery, IRCCS Fondazione Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine (CONEM), 8610 Mo i Rana, Norway;
| | - Abigail Oppong
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK; (E.P.); (A.O.)
| | - Giovanni Ricevuti
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.V.); (G.R.)
| | - Ciro Esposito
- Unit of Nephrology and Dialysis, ICS Maugeri, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Salvatore Chirumbolo
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37121 Verona, Italy;
| | - Alessia Pascale
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Pini L, Wennberg AM, Salvalaggio A, Vallesi A, Pievani M, Corbetta M. Breakdown of specific functional brain networks in clinical variants of Alzheimer's disease. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 72:101482. [PMID: 34606986 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by different clinical entities. Although AD phenotypes share a common molecular substrate (i.e., amyloid beta and tau accumulation), several clinicopathological differences exist. Brain functional networks might provide a macro-scale scaffolding to explain this heterogeneity. In this review, we summarize the evidence linking different large-scale functional network abnormalities to distinct AD phenotypes. Specifically, executive deficits in early-onset AD link with the dysfunction of networks that support sustained attention and executive functions. Posterior cortical atrophy relates to the breakdown of visual and dorsal attentional circuits, while the primary progressive aphasia variant of AD may be associated with the dysfunction of the left-lateralized language network. Additionally, network abnormalities might provide in vivo signatures for distinguishing proteinopathies that mimic AD, such as TAR DNA binding protein 43 related pathologies. These network differences vis-a-vis clinical syndromes are more evident in the earliest stage of AD. Finally, we discuss how these findings might pave the way for new tailored interventions targeting the most vulnerable brain circuit at the optimal time window to maximize clinical benefits.
Collapse
|
7
|
Chen CM, Wu CC, Huang CL, Chang MY, Cheng SH, Lin CT, Tsai YC. Lactobacillus plantarum PS128 Promotes Intestinal Motility, Mucin Production, and Serotonin Signaling in Mice. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 14:535-545. [PMID: 34327633 PMCID: PMC9076750 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-021-09814-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Lactobacillus plantarum PS128 has been reported as a psychobiotic to improve mental health through the gut–brain axis in experimental animal models. To explore its mechanism of action in the gut, this study aimed to analyze the effects of L. plantarum PS128 ingestion on naïve and loperamide (Lop)-induced constipation mice. We found that, in the two mouse models, the weight, number, and water content of feces in the L. plantarum PS128 group were higher than those in the vehicle control group. Histological observation revealed that L. plantarum PS128 increased the level of colonic mucins including the major mucin MUC2. In addition, the charcoal meal test showed that L. plantarum PS128 significantly increased the small intestine transit in naïve mice, but not in the Lop-treated mice. Since intestinal serotonin has been found to modulate motility, we further analyzed the expression of genes related to serotonin signal transduction in the small intestine of naïve mice. The results showed that L. plantarum PS128 significantly altered the expression levels of Tph1, Chga, Slc6a4, and Htr4, but did not affect the expression levels of Tph2, Htr3a, and Maoa. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry revealed that L. plantarum PS128 significantly increased the number of serotonin-containing intestinal cells in mice. Taken together, our results suggest that L. plantarum PS128 could promote intestinal motility, mucin production, and serotonin signal transduction, leading to a laxative effect in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Min-Yu Chang
- Bened Biomedical Co., Ltd, Taipei, 10448, Taiwan
| | | | - Ching-Ting Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Ying-Chieh Tsai
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|