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Zhu L, Zheng D, Li R, Shen CJ, Cai R, Lyu C, Tang B, Sun H, Wang X, Ding Y, Xu B, Jia G, Li X, Gao L, Li XM. Induction of Anxiety-Like Phenotypes by Knockdown of Cannabinoid Type-1 Receptors in the Amygdala of Marmosets. Neurosci Bull 2023; 39:1669-1682. [PMID: 37368194 PMCID: PMC10603018 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-023-01081-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The amygdala is an important hub for regulating emotions and is involved in the pathophysiology of many mental diseases, such as depression and anxiety. Meanwhile, the endocannabinoid system plays a crucial role in regulating emotions and mainly functions through the cannabinoid type-1 receptor (CB1R), which is strongly expressed in the amygdala of non-human primates (NHPs). However, it remains largely unknown how the CB1Rs in the amygdala of NHPs regulate mental diseases. Here, we investigated the role of CB1R by knocking down the cannabinoid receptor 1 (CNR1) gene encoding CB1R in the amygdala of adult marmosets through regional delivery of AAV-SaCas9-gRNA. We found that CB1R knockdown in the amygdala induced anxiety-like behaviors, including disrupted night sleep, agitated psychomotor activity in new environments, and reduced social desire. Moreover, marmosets with CB1R-knockdown had up-regulated plasma cortisol levels. These results indicate that the knockdown of CB1Rs in the amygdala induces anxiety-like behaviors in marmosets, and this may be the mechanism underlying the regulation of anxiety by CB1Rs in the amygdala of NHPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhu
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Neurology of Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brian Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310029, China
| | - Di Zheng
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Neurology of Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brian Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Neurology of Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brian Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310029, China
| | - Chen-Jie Shen
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brian Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Ruolan Cai
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Neurology of Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brian Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310029, China
| | - Chenfei Lyu
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Neurology of Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brian Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310029, China
| | - Binliang Tang
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310029, China
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, Rehabilitation & Sports Medicine Research Institute of Zhejiang Province, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 311399, China
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Neurology of Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brian Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310029, China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Neurology of Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brian Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310029, China
| | - Yu Ding
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Neurology of Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brian Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310029, China
| | - Guoqiang Jia
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Neurology of Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brian Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310029, China
| | - Xinjian Li
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Neurology of Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brian Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310029, China
| | - Lixia Gao
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Neurology of Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brian Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310029, China.
| | - Xiao-Ming Li
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Neurology of Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brian Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Research Units for Emotion and Emotion Disorders, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China/Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, Joint Institute for Genetics and Genome Medicine Between Zhejiang University and University of Toronto, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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2
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de Meiroz Grilo MLP, de Sousa GM, de Mendonça LAC, Lobão-Soares B, de Sousa MBC, Palhano-Fontes F, de Araujo DB, Perkins D, Hallak JEC, Galvão-Coelho NL. Prophylactic action of ayahuasca in a non-human primate model of depressive-like behavior. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:901425. [PMID: 36408451 PMCID: PMC9672345 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.901425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Observational studies of long-term users of ayahuasca, an Amazonian psychedelic brew, suggest an increase in resilience via improvements in emotion and cognition. Ayahuasca has also demonstrated clinical antidepressant effects in human and animal studies; however, its potential prophylactic action in depression has not been previously studied. Therefore, this experimental study sought to evaluate the potential prophylactic effects of repeated and long-term ayahuasca use, via the modulation of resilience, in a non-human primate animal model, Callithrix jacchus, subjected to a protocol for induction of depressive-like behavior. For the formation of the study groups, some juvenile marmosets were kept in their family groups (GF = 7), while for the two experimental groups, the animals were removed from the family and kept socially isolated. Then, part of the isolated animals made up the group in which ayahuasca was administered (AG, n = 6), while for others, no intervention was made (IG, n = 5). AG animals took ayahuasca (1.67 mL/300g body weight) at weeks 4 (before isolation), 8, and 12 (during isolation) of the study. More adaptive stress response was observed for the AG when compared to the IG. The AG showed higher cortisol reactivity and fecal cortisol levels than IG, while both measures were similar to FG. Moreover, AG animals showed no signs of anhedonia and no increase in chronic stress-related behaviors, which were expressed by the IG. Thus, ayahuasca seems to promote the expression of resilient responses, indicating a prophylactic action, buffering the emergence of depressive-like behaviors and cortisol alterations associated with major depression. These results are encouraging for further research on the prophylactic use of psychedelics to prevent psychopathologies associated with chronic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lara Porpino de Meiroz Grilo
- Laboratory of Hormone Measurement, Department of Physiology and Behavior, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Psychobiology, Department of Physiology and Behavior, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Geovan Menezes de Sousa
- Laboratory of Hormone Measurement, Department of Physiology and Behavior, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Psychobiology, Department of Physiology and Behavior, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Lilían Andrade Carlos de Mendonça
- Laboratory of Hormone Measurement, Department of Physiology and Behavior, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Bruno Lobão-Soares
- Postgraduate Program in Psychobiology, Department of Physiology and Behavior, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, UFRN, Natal, RN, Brazil
- National Science and Technology Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Bernardete Cordeiro de Sousa
- Laboratory of Hormone Measurement, Department of Physiology and Behavior, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Psychobiology, Department of Physiology and Behavior, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil
- Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil
| | | | | | - Daniel Perkins
- School of Social and Political Science, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jaime Eduardo Cecilio Hallak
- National Science and Technology Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavioral Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nicole Leite Galvão-Coelho
- Laboratory of Hormone Measurement, Department of Physiology and Behavior, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Psychobiology, Department of Physiology and Behavior, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil
- National Science and Technology Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Physiology and Behavior, UFRN, Natal, RN, Brazil
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, NSW, Australia
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de França Santos M, de Menezes Galvão AC, Santos Silva F, Dos Santos Silva E, de Sousa G, Lobão-Soares B, Gonçalves Ferreira R, de Sousa MB, Leite Galvão-Coelho N. Welfare Improvement by Enrichment Programs in Common Marmoset Females Under Social Isolation. J APPL ANIM WELF SCI 2021; 25:297-309. [PMID: 34470552 DOI: 10.1080/10888705.2021.1968863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Animal welfare is critical to buffer stress in captive animals and to ensure the reliability of data from studies. The most usual environmental enrichment technique (EE) for social non-human primates is the social enrichment. However, some experimental protocols require keeping individuals isolated, thus demanding other types of EE. We tested in six adult Callithrix jacchus females, single housed for experimental purpose, the stress buffering efficacy of a structural enrichment protocol (SEP) and SEP in combination with a foraging enrichment (FSEP) using fecal cortisol and behaviors to infer stress levels. Both types of EE improved welfare in different ways, while cortisol levels decreased with both EE as compared to the baseline, autogrooming, and piloerection increased after FSEP probably due to the new foods. Therefore, these findings support alternative practices of EE when social animals are living in isolation and reinforce the positive role of structural and food enrichment for decreasing stress markers. It also encourages studies on welfare with females, since its use as an animal model has increased .
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana de França Santos
- Laboratory of Hormone Measurement, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Ana Cecília de Menezes Galvão
- Laboratory of Hormone Measurement, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, Brazil.,Postgraduation Program in Psychobiology, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Flávia Santos Silva
- Laboratory of Hormone Measurement, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Erick Dos Santos Silva
- Laboratory of Hormone Measurement, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, Brazil.,Postgraduation Program in Psychobiology, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Geovan de Sousa
- Laboratory of Hormone Measurement, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, Brazil.,Postgraduation Program in Psychobiology, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Bruno Lobão-Soares
- Postgraduation Program in Psychobiology, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Renata Gonçalves Ferreira
- Postgraduation Program in Psychobiology, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, Brazil.,Laboratory of Advanced Studies in Primates, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, Brazil.,Department of Physiology and Behavior, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Maria Bernardete de Sousa
- Postgraduation Program in Psychobiology, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, Brazil.,Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, Brazil.,Postgraduation Program in Neuroscience, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Nicole Leite Galvão-Coelho
- Laboratory of Hormone Measurement, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, Brazil.,Postgraduation Program in Psychobiology, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, Brazil.,Laboratory of Advanced Studies in Primates, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, Brazil.,Department of Physiology and Behavior, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, Brazil.,NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
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4
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de Sousa MBC, de Meiroz Grilo MLP, Galvão-Coelho NL. Natural and Experimental Evidence Drives Marmosets for Research on Psychiatric Disorders Related to Stress. Front Behav Neurosci 2021; 15:674256. [PMID: 34177478 PMCID: PMC8227430 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.674256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of the behavioral ecology of marmosets carried out in their natural habitat associated with the advent of a non-invasive technique for measuring steroid hormones in feces has made a significant contribution to understanding their social relationships and sexual strategies. These studies showed that they are mainly monogamous, live in relatively stable social groups according to a social hierarchy in which females compete and males cooperate, and form social bonds similar to humans, which makes this species a potential animal model to study disorders related to social stress. In addition, laboratory studies observed the expression of behaviors similar to those in nature and deepened the descriptions of their social and reproductive strategies. They also characterized their responses to the challenge using behavioral, cognitive, physiological, and genetic approaches that were sexually dimorphic and influenced by age and social context. These findings, added to some advantages which indicate good adaptation to captivity and the benefits of the birth of twins, small size, and life cycle in comparison to primates of the Old World, led to their use as animal models for validating psychiatric diseases such as major depression. Juvenile marmosets have recently been used to develop a depression model and to test a psychedelic brew called Ayahuasca from the Amazon rainforest as an alternative treatment for major depression, for which positive results have been found which encourage further studies in adolescents. Therefore, we will review the experimental evidence obtained so far and discuss the extension of the marmoset as an animal model for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Bernardete Cordeiro de Sousa
- Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Brazil.,Postgraduation Program in Psychobiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Brazil.,Postgraduation Program in Neuroscience, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Brazil.,Laboratory of Advanced Studies in Primates, UFRN-Brazil, and Laboratory of Hormone Measurement, Department of Physiology and Behavior, Natal, Brazil
| | - Maria Lara Porpino de Meiroz Grilo
- Postgraduation Program in Psychobiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Brazil.,Laboratory of Advanced Studies in Primates, UFRN-Brazil, and Laboratory of Hormone Measurement, Department of Physiology and Behavior, Natal, Brazil
| | - Nicole Leite Galvão-Coelho
- Postgraduation Program in Psychobiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Brazil.,Laboratory of Advanced Studies in Primates, UFRN-Brazil, and Laboratory of Hormone Measurement, Department of Physiology and Behavior, Natal, Brazil.,Department of Physiology and Behavior, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology in Translational Medicine, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
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5
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de Oliveira Terceiro FE, Arruda MDF, van Schaik CP, Araújo A, Burkart JM. Higher social tolerance in wild versus captive common marmosets: the role of interdependence. Sci Rep 2021; 11:825. [PMID: 33436898 PMCID: PMC7804027 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80632-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Social tolerance in a group reflects the balance between within-group competition and interdependence: whereas increased competition leads to a reduction in social tolerance, increased interdependence increases it. Captivity reduces both feeding competition and interdependence and can therefore affect social tolerance. In independently breeding primates, social tolerance has been shown to be higher in captivity, indicating a strong effect of food abundance. It is not known, however, how social tolerance in cooperative breeders, with their much higher interdependence, responds to captivity. Here, we therefore compared social tolerance between free-ranging and captive groups in the cooperatively breeding common marmoset and found higher social tolerance (measured as proximity near food, co-feeding, and food sharing) in the wild. Most likely, social tolerance in the wild is higher because interdependence is particularly high in the wild, especially because infant care is more costly there than in captivity. These results indicate that the high social tolerance of these cooperative breeders in captivity is not an artefact, and that captive data may even have underestimated it. They may also imply that the cooperative breeding and foraging of our hominin ancestors, which relied on strong interdependence at multiple levels, was associated with high social tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Edvaldo de Oliveira Terceiro
- Department of Physiology and Behaviour, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Sen. Salgado Filho, 3000 - Candelária, Natal, RN, 59064-741, Brazil.
- Department of Anthropology, Universität Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Maria de Fátima Arruda
- Department of Physiology and Behaviour, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Sen. Salgado Filho, 3000 - Candelária, Natal, RN, 59064-741, Brazil
| | - Carel P van Schaik
- Department of Anthropology, Universität Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Arrilton Araújo
- Department of Physiology and Behaviour, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Sen. Salgado Filho, 3000 - Candelária, Natal, RN, 59064-741, Brazil
| | - Judith Maria Burkart
- Department of Anthropology, Universität Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland
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Duarte RB, Maior RS, Barros M. Behavioral and cortisol responses of adult marmoset monkeys ( Callithrix penicillata ) to different home-cage social disruption intervals. Appl Anim Behav Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Galvão-Coelho NL, Galvão ACDM, da Silva FS, de Sousa MBC. Common Marmosets: A Potential Translational Animal Model of Juvenile Depression. Front Psychiatry 2017; 8:175. [PMID: 28983260 PMCID: PMC5613153 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depression is a psychiatric disorder with high prevalence in the general population, with increasing expression in adolescence, about 14% in young people. Frequently, it presents as a chronic condition, showing no remission even after several pharmacological treatments and persisting in adult life. Therefore, distinct protocols and animal models have been developed to increase the understanding of this disease or search for new therapies. To this end, this study investigated the effects of chronic social isolation and the potential antidepressant action of nortriptyline in juvenile Callithrix jacchus males and females by monitoring fecal cortisol, body weight, and behavioral parameters and searching for biomarkers and a protocol for inducing depression. The purpose was to validate this species and protocol as a translational model of juvenile depression, addressing all domain criteria of validation: etiologic, face, functional, predictive, inter-relational, evolutionary, and population. In both sexes and both protocols (IDS and DPT), we observed a significant reduction in cortisol levels in the last phase of social isolation, concomitant with increases in autogrooming, stereotyped and anxiety behaviors, and the presence of anhedonia. The alterations induced by chronic social isolation are characteristic of the depressive state in non-human primates and/or in humans, and were reversed in large part by treatment with an antidepressant drug (nortriptyline). Therefore, these results indicate C. jacchus as a potential translational model of juvenile depression by addressing all criteria of validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Leite Galvão-Coelho
- Laboratory of Hormone Measurement, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Psychobiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Translational Medicine Natal, Natal, Brazil
| | - Ana Cecília de Menezes Galvão
- Laboratory of Hormone Measurement, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Psychobiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Flávia Santos da Silva
- Laboratory of Hormone Measurement, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Psychobiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Maria Bernardete Cordeiro de Sousa
- Laboratory of Hormone Measurement, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Psychobiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
- Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
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8
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Ferreira RG, Mendl M, Wagner PGC, Araujo T, Nunes D, Mafra AL. Coping strategies in captive capuchin monkeys ( Sapajus spp.). Appl Anim Behav Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2015.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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9
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de Sousa MBC, Galvão ACDM, Sales CJR, de Castro DC, Galvão-Coelho NL. Endocrine and Cognitive Adaptations to Cope with Stress in Immature Common Marmosets (Callithrix jacchus): Sex and Age Matter. Front Psychiatry 2015; 6:160. [PMID: 26648876 PMCID: PMC4663272 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2015.00160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenotypic sex differences in primates are associated with body differentiation during the early stages of life, expressed in both physiological and behavioral features. Hormones seem to play a pivotal role in creating a range of responses to meet environmental and social demands, resulting in better reactions to cope with challenges to survival and reproduction. Steroid hormones actively participate in neuroplasticity and steroids from both gonads and neurons seem to be involved in behavioral modulation in primates. Indirect evidence suggests the participation of sexual steroids in dimorphism of the stress response in common marmosets. This species is an important experimental model in psychiatry, and we found a dual profile for cortisol in the transition from juvenile to subadult, with females showing higher levels. Immature males and females at 6 and 9 months of age moved alone from the family group to a new cage, over a 21-day period, expressed distinct patterns of cortisol variation with respect to range and duration of response. Additional evidence showed that at 12 months of age, males and females buffered the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis during chronic stress. Moreover, chronic stressed juvenile marmoset males showed better cognitive performance in working memory tests and motivation when compared to those submitted to short-term stress living in family groups. Thus, as cortisol profile seems to be sexually dimorphic before adulthood, age and sex are critical variables to consider in approaches that require immature marmosets in their experimental protocols. Moreover, available cognitive tests should be scrutinized to allow better investigation of cognitive traits in this species.
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Yamamoto ME, Araujo A, Arruda MDF, Lima AKM, Siqueira JDO, Hattori WT. Male and female breeding strategies in a cooperative primate. Behav Processes 2014; 109 Pt A:27-33. [PMID: 25010563 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2014.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Marmosets are cooperative breeders organized as extended family groups, but breeding is generally restricted to a single pair. Breeding competition is fierce in female marmosets; males, on the other hand, show low levels of intragroup aggression. We investigated male and female breeding strategies and the resulting reproductive output in 9 wild groups. Reproductive output, tenure of breeding animals, identification of the breeding system, breeding position replacements, migration and infanticide were recorded; also, we recorded grooming and aggression. Replacement of the breeding male or female was observed on nine occasions. On four occasions, the son of the breeding male inherited the breeding post, but we never observed inheritance of a breeding post by a daughter. Mostly, females attained a breeding post by immigrating to a group that had a breeding vacancy. Our results showed that Callithrix jacchus males and females use different strategies to attain a breeding position and maintain it for as long as possible. These strategies prolong the tenure of the breeding position, which is the best way to produce a large number of offspring. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Neotropical Behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Emilia Yamamoto
- Graduate Program in Psychobiology, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Sen. Salgado Filho, 3000, Caixa Postal 1511, Campus Universitário, Lagoa Nova, 50978-970 Natal, RN, Brazil.
| | - Arrilton Araujo
- Graduate Program in Psychobiology, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Sen. Salgado Filho, 3000, Caixa Postal 1511, Campus Universitário, Lagoa Nova, 50978-970 Natal, RN, Brazil.
| | - Maria de Fatima Arruda
- Graduate Program in Psychobiology, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Sen. Salgado Filho, 3000, Caixa Postal 1511, Campus Universitário, Lagoa Nova, 50978-970 Natal, RN, Brazil.
| | - Ana Karinne Moreira Lima
- Graduate Program in Psychobiology, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Sen. Salgado Filho, 3000, Caixa Postal 1511, Campus Universitário, Lagoa Nova, 50978-970 Natal, RN, Brazil.
| | - Jose de Oliveira Siqueira
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Mello Moraes 1721, Bloco A, Sala E3, Cidade Universitária, 05508-030 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Wallisen Tadashi Hattori
- Graduate Program in Psychobiology, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Sen. Salgado Filho, 3000, Caixa Postal 1511, Campus Universitário, Lagoa Nova, 50978-970 Natal, RN, Brazil.
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Holzgrefe H, Ferber G, Champeroux P, Gill M, Honda M, Greiter-Wilke A, Baird T, Meyer O, Saulnier M. Preclinical QT safety assessment: Cross-species comparisons and human translation from an industry consortium. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2014; 69:61-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2013.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2013] [Revised: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Individual differences in choice (in)flexibility but not impulsivity in the common marmoset: An automated, operant-behavior choice task. Behav Brain Res 2013; 256:554-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2013.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Revised: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 09/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Galvão-Coelho NL, Silva HPA, De Sousa MBC. The influence of sex and relatedness on stress response in common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus). Am J Primatol 2012; 74:819-27. [PMID: 22549557 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2011] [Revised: 03/05/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Research in stress physiology has demonstrated the benefits of receiving social support during stressful conditions. However, recent data have shown that the efficacy of social support in buffering physiological and behavioral responses to stressor agents depends on species, sex, and relatedness among animals. This study investigated whether different kinds of social support (presence of same sex related or nonrelated conspecifics) have the same effect on hormonal (fecal cortisol levels) and behavioral responses (agonistic: scent-marking and individual piloerection; anxiety: locomotion; tension-reducing: autogrooming, allogrooming, and body contact). We used adult male and female isosexual dyads of Callithrix jacchus, a small Neotropical primate from the Callitrichidae family, widely used in the study of stress and related diseases. Following a 28-day baseline phase, dyads faced three challenging situations (phase 1: dyads were moved together from the baseline cage to a similar new cage; phase 2: each dyad member was moved alone to a new cage; and phase 3: dyad members were reunited in the same baseline cage). Type of social support was found to influence the response to stressors differently for each sex. Related male dyads did not change their hormonal or behavioral profile over the three experimental phases, when compared to the baseline phase. For nonrelated male dyads, social support buffered hormonal but not behavioral response. For females, the social support offered by a related and nonrelated animal, does not seem to buffer the stress response, as shown by correlations between agonistic behaviors versus cortisol and locomotion during all three experimental phases and a significant increase in fecal cortisol levels during phases 2 and 3, when compared with baseline levels. The results only partially support the buffering model theory and corroborate other studies reporting that the benefits of social support during a period of crisis arise only when it is adaptive for that species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole L Galvão-Coelho
- Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.
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Social Organization in Callithrix jacchus. ADVANCES IN THE STUDY OF BEHAVIOR 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-3454(10)42008-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Michaelis T, Abaei A, Boretius S, Tammer R, Frahm J, Schlumbohm C, Fuchs E. Intrauterine hyperexposure to dexamethasone of the common marmoset monkey revealed normal cerebral metabolite concentrations in adulthood as assessed by quantitative proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in vivo. J Med Primatol 2009; 38:213-8. [PMID: 19374665 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0684.2009.00342.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Animal models of human brain disorders often have to rely on non-human primates because of their immunological, physiological, and cognitive similarities to humans. METHODS Localized proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy was performed to assess cerebral metabolite profiles of male common marmoset monkeys in vivo and to determine putative alterations of adult brain metabolism in response to intrauterine hyperexposure to the synthetic glucocorticoid hormone dexamethasone. RESULTS Excellent spectral quality allowed for absolute quantification of the concentrations of major metabolites in predominantly white matter, gray matter, and thalamus. Marmoset monkeys intrauterinely hyperexposed to dexamethasone revealed normal neurochemical profiles at adulthood. CONCLUSIONS Prenatally applied dexamethasone does not lead to persistent metabolic alterations affecting adult brain integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Michaelis
- Biomedizinische NMR Forschungs GmbH am Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie, Göttingen, Germany.
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