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Zarogoulidis P, Petridis D, Huang H, Bai C, Oikonomou P, Nikolaou C, Matthaios D, Perdikouri EI, Papadopoulos V, Petanidis S, Kosmidis C, Charalampidis C, Hohenforst-Schmidt W, Kougkas N, Sardeli C. Inhaled nintentanib, pirfenidone and macitentan for pulmonary fibrosis: a laboratory experiment. Ther Deliv 2023; 14:491-498. [PMID: 37584210 DOI: 10.4155/tde-2023-0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a rare disease with few efficient drugs in the market. The consequences of this disease are mainly respiratory failure and pulmonary hypertension. Materials & methods: In our experiment we used the drugs pirfenidone, nintetanib and macitentan. We performed nebulization experiments with three jet nebulizers and three ultrasound nebulizers with different combinations of residual cup designs, and residual cup loadings in order to identify which combination produces droplets of less than 5 μm in mass median aerodynamic diameter. Results: Pirfenidone versus nintetanib had smaller droplet size formation at both inhaled technologies (1.37 < 2.23 and 1.92 < 3.11, jet and ultrasound respectively). Discussion: Pirfenidone and nintetanib can be administered as aerosol in any type of nebulization system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Zarogoulidis
- Pulmonary Department, General Clinic Euromedica, Thessaloniki, Greece
- 3rd University Surgery Department, "AHEPA" University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitris Petridis
- Department of Food Technology, School of Food Technology & Nutrition, Alexander Technological Educational Institute, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Haidong Huang
- Department of Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Navy Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Chong Bai
- Department of Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Navy Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Panagoula Oikonomou
- Surgery Department, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Christina Nikolaou
- Surgery Department, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | | | | | | | - Savvas Petanidis
- Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Medical Biology & Genetics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Christoforos Kosmidis
- 3rd University Surgery Department, "AHEPA" University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Wolfgang Hohenforst-Schmidt
- Department of Cardiology/Pulmonology/Intensive Care/Nephrology, Sana Clinic Group Franken, "Hof" Clinics, University of Erlangen, Hof, Germany
| | - Nikos Kougkas
- Rheumatology Department, Ippokrateio University General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Chrysanthi Sardeli
- Department of Pharmacology & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Tang S, Yu Q, Ding C. Investigational spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) inhibitors for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2022; 31:291-303. [PMID: 35130124 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2022.2040014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Autoimmune diseases (ADs) are disorders induced by multiple inflammatory mediators, in which immune system attacks healthy tissues and triggers tissue injury. Targeted regulation of the activity of kinases that influence inflammation is one of the major therapies for ADs. Recently, investigational spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) inhibitors have shown encouraging results in the ADs therapy. AREAS COVERED This article provides a background on autoimmune diseases and provides an update on investigational SYK inhibitors. This literature review was conducted by searching publications about investigational Spleen tyrosine kinase inhibitors in the treatment of ADs from experimental to clinical studies. The search terms used were SYK inhibitors, R406, fostamatinib (R788), P505-15 (PRT062607), entospletinib (GS-9973), R112, lanraplenib (GS-9876), cerdulatinib, R343, BAY-61-3606, GSK compound 143 (GSK143), R211, SKI-G-618, SKI-O-85, ER-27319, YM193306, RO9021 in conjunction with autoimmune disease using electronic databases including PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE and Google Scholar. EXPERT OPINION SYK inhibitors are promising drugs with unique advantages and acceptable tolerability and safety for the treatment of ADs. However, the difficulties in developing highly selective SYK inhibitors and the unknown effects are challenges. Long term and real-world data are essential to determine the risk-benefit ratio and true role of SYK inhibitors in the therapy of ADs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su'an Tang
- Clinical Research Centre, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Centre of Orthopedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qinghong Yu
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Changhai Ding
- Clinical Research Centre, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
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Novel inhibitors of the main protease enzyme of SARS-CoV-2 identified via molecular dynamics simulation-guided in vitro assay. Bioorg Chem 2021; 111:104862. [PMID: 33862474 PMCID: PMC8007184 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
For the COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2, there are currently no effective drugs or vaccines to treat this coronavirus infection. In this study, we focus on the main protease enzyme of SARS-CoV-2, 3CLpro, which is critical for viral replication. We employ explicit solvent molecular dynamics simulations of about 150 compounds docked into 3CLpro’s binding site and that had emerged as good main protease ligands from our previous in silico screening of over 1.2 million compounds. By incoporating protein dynamics and applying a range of structural descriptors, such as the ability to form specific contacts with the catalytic dyad residues of 3CLpro and the structural fluctuations of the ligands in the binding site, we are able to further refine our compound selection. Fourteen compounds including estradiol shown to be the most promising based on our calculations were procured and screened against recombinant 3CLpro in a fluorescence assay. Eight of these compounds have significant activity in inhibiting the SARS-CoV-2 main protease. Among these are corilagin, a gallotannin, and lurasidone, an antipsychotic drug, which emerged as the most promising natural product and drug, respectively, and might thus be candidates for drug repurposing for the treatment of COVID-19. In addition, we also tested the inhibitory activity of testosterone, and our results reveal testosterone as possessing moderate inhibitory potency against the 3CLpro enzyme, which may thus provide an explanation why older men are more severely affected by COVID-19.
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Kato T, Iwasaki H, Kobayashi H, Miyagawa N, Matsuo A, Hata T, Matsushita M. JTE-852, a novel spleen tyrosine kinase inhibitor, blocks mediator secretion from mast cells with immunoglobulin E crosslinking. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 801:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.02.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Rex EB, Kim S, Wiener J, Rao NL, Milla ME, DiSepio D. Phenotypic Approaches to Identify Inhibitors of B Cell Activation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 20:876-86. [PMID: 25948491 PMCID: PMC4512518 DOI: 10.1177/1087057115585724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
An EPIC label-free phenotypic platform was developed to explore B cell receptor (BCR) and CD40R-mediated B cell activation. The phenotypic assay measured the association of RL non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma B cells expressing lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 (LFA-1) to intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1)-coated EPIC plates. Anti-IgM (immunoglobulin M) mediated BCR activation elicited a response that was blocked by LFA-1/ICAM-1 specific inhibitors and a panel of Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors. LFA-1/ICAM-1 association was further increased on coapplication of anti-IgM and mega CD40L when compared to individual application of either. Anti-IgM, mega CD40L, or the combination of both displayed distinct kinetic profiles that were inhibited by treatment with a BTK inhibitor. We also established a FLIPR-based assay to measure B cell activation in Ramos Burkitt’s lymphoma B cells and an RL cell line. Anti-IgM-mediated BCR activation elicited a robust calcium response that was inhibited by a panel of BTK inhibitors. Conversely, CD40R activation did not elicit a calcium response in the FLIPR assay. Compared to the FLIPR, the EPIC assay has the propensity to identify inhibitors of both BCR and CD40R-mediated B cell activation and may provide more pharmacological depth or novel mechanisms of action for inhibition of B cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth B Rex
- Discovery Sciences, Janssen Research and Development LLC, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Suzie Kim
- Discovery Sciences, Janssen Research and Development LLC, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jake Wiener
- Immunology, Janssen Research and Development LLC, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Navin L Rao
- Immunology, Janssen Research and Development LLC, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Marcos E Milla
- Discovery Sciences, Janssen Research and Development LLC, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Daniel DiSepio
- Discovery Sciences, Janssen Research and Development LLC, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Bruton's TK inhibitors: structural insights and evolution of clinical candidates. Future Med Chem 2015; 6:675-95. [PMID: 24895895 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.14.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bruton's TK (BTK) is a promising biological target for therapeutic intervention of several diseases including inflammatory diseases and cancer/B cell malignancies. Numerous research groups are actively engaged in investigating the functions of BTK, and discovering potent and selective BTK inhibitors as drug candidates. Revealed by x-ray crystal structures with ligands of diverse chemical structures, the ability of BTK kinase domain to adopt various inactive conformations offers unique opportunities to identify highly potent and exquisitely selective inhibitors. Both reversible and covalent inhibitor approaches have yielded candidates demonstrating safety profiles and efficacies in multiple preclinical models of autoimmunity and oncology. Two BTK inhibitors have entered human clinical trials for oncology indications. Ibrutinib won the US FDA approval in November 2013 to become the first-in-class BTK inhibitor for treating mantle cell lymphoma. This encouraging outcome and the other on-going human studies could ultimately expand the utility of BTK inhibitors to broader autoimmune disease areas.
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Pitsiou G, Zarogoulidis P, Petridis D, Kioumis I, Lampaki S, Organtzis J, Porpodis K, Papaiwannou A, Tsiouda T, Hohenforst-Schmidt W, Kakolyris S, Syrigos K, Huang H, Li Q, Turner JF, Zarogoulidis K. Inhaled tyrosine kinase inhibitors for pulmonary hypertension: a possible future treatment. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2014; 8:1753-63. [PMID: 25336919 PMCID: PMC4199972 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s70277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension is a disease with severe consequences for the human body. There are several diseases and situations that induce pulmonary hypertension and are usually underdiagnosed. Treatments include conventional medical therapies and oral, inhaled, intravenous, and subcutaneous options. Depending on its severity, heart or lung transplant may also be an option. A possible novel treatment could be tyrosine kinase inhibitors. We conducted experiments with three jet nebulizers and three ultrasound nebulizers with erlotinib, gefitinib, and imatinib. Different residual cup designs and residual cup loadings were used in order to identify the best combination to produce droplets of less than 5 μm in mass median aerodynamic diameter. We found that gefitinib could not be transformed into a powder, so conversion to an aerosol form was not possible. Our experiments indicated that imatinib is superior to erlotinib with regard to small droplet size formation using both inhaled technologies (1.37 μm <2.23 μm and 1.92 μm <3.11 μm, jet and ultrasound, respectively) and, at jet devices (1.37 μm <1.92 μm). Cup designs C and G contribute best to small droplet creation uniquely supporting and equally well the activity of both drugs. The disadvantage of the large droplets formed for erlotinib was offset when combined with residual cup C (1.37 μm instead of 2.23 μm). At a 2 mL dose, the facemask and cone mouthpieces performed best and evenly; the facemask and low dose were the best choice (2.08 μm and 2.12 μm, respectively). Erlotinib and imatinib can be administered as an aerosols, and further in vivo experimentation is necessary to investigate the positive effects of these drugs in the treatment of pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Pitsiou
- Pulmonary Department, G Papanikolaou General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Paul Zarogoulidis
- Pulmonary Department, G Papanikolaou General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitris Petridis
- Department of Food Technology, School of Food Technology and Nutrition, Alexander Technological Educational Institute, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis Kioumis
- Pulmonary Department, G Papanikolaou General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Sofia Lampaki
- Pulmonary Department, G Papanikolaou General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - John Organtzis
- Pulmonary Department, G Papanikolaou General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Porpodis
- Pulmonary Department, G Papanikolaou General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Antonis Papaiwannou
- Pulmonary Department, G Papanikolaou General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Theodora Tsiouda
- Internal Medicine Department, Thegenio Anticancer Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Stylianos Kakolyris
- Oncology Department, Sotiria Hospital of Chest Diseases, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Syrigos
- Oncology Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Haidong Huang
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Changhai Hospital/First Affiliated Hospital of the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Changhai Hospital/First Affiliated Hospital of the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - J Francis Turner
- Division of Interventional Pulmonology and Medical Oncology, Cancer Treatment Centers of America, Western Regional Medical Center, Goodyear, AZ, USA
| | - Konstantinos Zarogoulidis
- Pulmonary Department, G Papanikolaou General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Mazuc E, Guglielmi L, Bec N, Parez V, Hahn CS, Mollevi C, Parrinello H, Desvignes JP, Larroque C, Jupp R, Dariavach P, Martineau P. In-cell intrabody selection from a diverse human library identifies C12orf4 protein as a new player in rodent mast cell degranulation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104998. [PMID: 25122211 PMCID: PMC4133367 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The high specificity of antibodies for their antigen allows a fine discrimination of target conformations and post-translational modifications, making antibodies the first choice tool to interrogate the proteome. We describe here an approach based on a large-scale intracellular expression and selection of antibody fragments in eukaryotic cells, so-called intrabodies, and the subsequent identification of their natural target within living cell. Starting from a phenotypic trait, this integrated system allows the identification of new therapeutic targets together with their companion inhibitory intrabody. We applied this system in a model of allergy and inflammation. We first cloned a large and highly diverse intrabody library both in a plasmid and a retroviral eukaryotic expression vector. After transfection in the RBL-2H3 rat basophilic leukemia cell line, we performed seven rounds of selection to isolate cells displaying a defect in FcεRI-induced degranulation. We used high throughput sequencing to identify intrabody sequences enriched during the course of selection. Only one intrabody was common to both plasmid and retroviral selections, and was used to capture and identify its target from cell extracts. Mass spectrometry analysis identified protein RGD1311164 (C12orf4), with no previously described function. Our data demonstrate that RGD1311164 is a cytoplasmic protein implicated in the early signaling events following FcεRI-induced cell activation. This work illustrates the strength of the intrabody-based in-cell selection, which allowed the identification of a new player in mast cell activation together with its specific inhibitor intrabody.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Mazuc
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- INSERM, U896, Montpellier, France
- Université Montpellier1, Montpellier, France
- ICM, Institut régional du Cancer Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Laurence Guglielmi
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- INSERM, U896, Montpellier, France
- Université Montpellier1, Montpellier, France
- ICM, Institut régional du Cancer Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Nicole Bec
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- INSERM, U896, Montpellier, France
- Université Montpellier1, Montpellier, France
- ICM, Institut régional du Cancer Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Vincent Parez
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- INSERM, U896, Montpellier, France
- Université Montpellier1, Montpellier, France
- ICM, Institut régional du Cancer Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Chang S. Hahn
- Sanofi-Aventis, Bridgewater, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Caroline Mollevi
- ICM, Institut régional du Cancer Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Hugues Parrinello
- MGX-Montpellier GenomiX, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Christian Larroque
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- INSERM, U896, Montpellier, France
- Université Montpellier1, Montpellier, France
- ICM, Institut régional du Cancer Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Ray Jupp
- Sanofi-Aventis, Bridgewater, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Piona Dariavach
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- INSERM, U896, Montpellier, France
- Université Montpellier1, Montpellier, France
- ICM, Institut régional du Cancer Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Université Montpellier2, Montpellier, France
- * E-mail: (PD); (PM)
| | - Pierre Martineau
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- INSERM, U896, Montpellier, France
- Université Montpellier1, Montpellier, France
- ICM, Institut régional du Cancer Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- * E-mail: (PD); (PM)
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Patterson H, Nibbs R, McInnes I, Siebert S. Protein kinase inhibitors in the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Clin Exp Immunol 2014; 176:1-10. [PMID: 24313320 PMCID: PMC3958149 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein kinases mediate protein phosphorylation, which is a fundamental component of cell signalling, with crucial roles in most signal transduction cascades: from controlling cell growth and proliferation to the initiation and regulation of immunological responses. Aberrant kinase activity is implicated in an increasing number of diseases, with more than 400 human diseases now linked either directly or indirectly to protein kinases. Protein kinases are therefore regarded as highly important drug targets, and are the subject of intensive research activity. The success of small molecule kinase inhibitors in the treatment of cancer, coupled with a greater understanding of inflammatory signalling cascades, has led to kinase inhibitors taking centre stage in the pursuit for new anti-inflammatory agents for the treatment of immune-mediated diseases. Herein we discuss the main classes of kinase inhibitors; namely Janus kinase (JAK), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) inhibitors. We provide a mechanistic insight into how these inhibitors interfere with kinase signalling pathways and discuss the clinical successes and failures in the implementation of kinase-directed therapeutics in the context of inflammatory and autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Patterson
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of GlasgowGlasgow, UK
| | - R Nibbs
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of GlasgowGlasgow, UK
| | - I McInnes
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of GlasgowGlasgow, UK
| | - S Siebert
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of GlasgowGlasgow, UK
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Robak T, Robak E. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors as potential drugs for B-cell lymphoid malignancies and autoimmune disorders. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2012; 21:921-47. [PMID: 22612424 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2012.685650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the last few years, several tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have been synthesized and become available for preclinical studies and clinical trials. This article summarizes recent achievements in the mechanism of action, pharmacological properties, and clinical activity and toxicity, as well as the emerging role of TKIs in lymphoid malignancies, allergic diseases, and autoimmune disorders. AREAS COVERED A literature review was conducted of the MEDLINE database PubMed for articles in English. Publications from 2000 through January 2012 were scrutinized. The search terms used were Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) inhibitors, PCI-32765, GDC-0834, LFM-A13, AVL-101, AVL-292, spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) inhibitors, R343, R406, R112, R788, fostamatinib, BAY-61-3606, C-61, piceatannol, Lyn, imatinib, nilotinib, bafetinib, dasatinib, GDC-0834, PP2, SU6656 in conjunction with lymphoid malignancy, NHL, CLL, autoimmune disease, allergic disease, asthma, and rheumatoid arthritis. Conference proceedings from the previous 5 years of the American Society of Hematology, European Hematology Association, American Society of Clinical Oncology, and ACR/ARHP Annual Scientific Meetings were searched manually. Additional relevant publications were obtained by reviewing the references from the chosen articles. EXPERT OPINION The use of TKIs, especially inhibitors of Btk, Syk, and Lyn, is a promising new strategy for targeted treatment of B-cell lymphoid malignancies, autoimmune disorders and allergic diseases. However, definitive data from ongoing and future clinical trials will aid in better defining the status of TKIs in the treatment of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadeusz Robak
- Medical University of Lodz, Department of Hematology, Lodz, Poland.
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Carreño C, Domènech A, Prats N, Miralpeix M, Ramis I. Characterization of a model of tracheal plasma extravasation in passively sensitized rats using anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory drugs by oral and intratracheal route. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2012; 25:87-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2011.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2011] [Revised: 10/28/2011] [Accepted: 12/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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12
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A perspective on synthetic and solid-form enablement of inhalation candidates. Future Med Chem 2011; 3:1679-701. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc.11.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The administration of compounds by a dry-powder inhaler presents significant challenges to the development and discovery chemist, owing to the stringent requirements placed upon the physical characteristics of the active pharmaceutical ingredient and the high complexity of the molecules concerned. The current state of synthetic chemistry technology is such that commercial syntheses of these compounds are demanding but achievable. While synthetic chemistry will remain a major component of the development of inhaled therapies, the main challenge facing practitioners in this area is the early identification of a suitable solid form. Further advances in the prediction of solid-form properties would significantly enable this field and may allow triage of molecules to be carried out at the design stage of projects.
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Kuglstatter A, Wong A, Tsing S, Lee SW, Lou Y, Villaseñor AG, Bradshaw JM, Shaw D, Barnett JW, Browner MF. Insights into the conformational flexibility of Bruton's tyrosine kinase from multiple ligand complex structures. Protein Sci 2011; 20:428-36. [PMID: 21280133 PMCID: PMC3048427 DOI: 10.1002/pro.575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) plays a key role in B cell receptor signaling and is considered a promising drug target for lymphoma and inflammatory diseases. We have determined the X-ray crystal structures of BTK kinase domain in complex with six inhibitors from distinct chemical classes. Five different BTK protein conformations are stabilized by the bound inhibitors, providing insights into the structural flexibility of the Gly-rich loop, helix C, the DFG sequence, and activation loop. The conformational changes occur independent of activation loop phosphorylation and do not correlate with the structurally unchanged WEI motif in the Src homology 2-kinase domain linker. Two novel activation loop conformations and an atypical DFG conformation are observed representing unique inactive states of BTK. Two regions within the activation loop are shown to structurally transform between 3(10)- and α-helices, one of which collapses into the adenosine-5'-triphosphate binding pocket. The first crystal structure of a Tec kinase family member in the pharmacologically important DFG-out conformation and bound to a type II kinase inhibitor is described. The different protein conformations observed provide insights into the structural flexibility of BTK, the molecular basis of its regulation, and the structure-based design of specific inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Kuglstatter
- *Correspondence to: Andreas Kuglstatter, Hoffmann-La Roche, 340 Kingsland Street, Nutley, NJ 07110. E-mail:
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Moore WJ, Richard D, Thorarensen A. An analysis of the diaminopyrimidine patent estates describing spleen tyrosine kinase inhibitors by Rigel and Portola. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2010; 20:1703-22. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2010.534459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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