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Sharma MK, Murumkar PR, Barmade MA, Giridhar R, Yadav MR. A comprehensive patents review on cannabinoid 1 receptor antagonists as antiobesity agents. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2015; 25:1093-116. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2015.1064898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Prospective therapeutic agents for obesity: Molecular modification approaches of centrally and peripherally acting selective cannabinoid 1 receptor antagonists. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 79:298-339. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Revised: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Galeta J, Tenora L, Man S, Potáček M. Dihydropyrrolo[1,2-b]pyrazoles: withasomnine and related compounds. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2013.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Sekuła K, Zuba D, Stanaszek R. Identification of naphthoylindoles acting on cannabinoid receptors based on their fragmentation patterns under ESI-QTOFMS. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2012; 47:632-643. [PMID: 22576877 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
'Herbal highs' have been advertised as legal and natural substitutes to cannabis, but a detailed examination of these products has revealed that the herbal matrix is laced with synthetic substances that mimic the effects of marijuana. Producers select the ingredients based on the results of scientific studies on the affinities of different chemicals to cannabinoid receptors. Naphthoylindoles have turned out to be the most popular class of substances identified in the products. Legal actions taken in order to tackle the problem of uncontrolled access to one substance have usually resulted in the marketing of derivatives or analogues. In the study, the mass spectral behavior of twelve synthetic cannabinoids from the naphthoylindole family under electrospray ionization (ESI) was investigated. LC-QTOFMS experiments were performed in three modes (low fragmentor voltage, high fragmentor voltage with/without collision energy), and they enabled the identification of protonated molecules and main ions. A general fragmentation pattern under this ionization method was proposed, and mechanisms of ion formation were discussed. The developed procedure allowed the determination of substituent groups of the core naphthoylindole structure and distinction between positional isomers. The obtained results were used for the prediction of the ESI-MS spectra for many naphthoylindoles with a high affinity to cannabinoid receptors. Similarities and differences between ESI-MS and electron impact-MS spectra of naphthoylindoles were discussed. The developed identification process was presented on an example of an analysis of an unknown herbal material, in which JWH-007 was finally identified. Knowledge of the fragmentation mechanisms of naphthoylindoles could also be used by other researchers for identification of unknown substances in this chemical family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Sekuła
- Institute of Forensic Research, Department of Forensic Toxicology, Krakow, Poland.
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Riether D. Selective cannabinoid receptor 2 modulators: a patent review 2009--present. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2012; 22:495-510. [PMID: 22537079 DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2012.682570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The activation of the cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2) affects a myriad of immune responses from inflammation to neuroprotection, demonstrates analgesic effects and suppresses responses in many animal models of pain. Questions around the involvement of CB1 activation in these effects remain, but efforts have been directed toward the discovery of highly selective CB2 modulators lacking the psychotropic effects of cannabinoids, which are mediated by the CB1 receptor. AREAS COVERED This review covers the patent literature which was published since April 2009 on CB2 selective modulators. It provides a general summary of the CB2 biology supporting the interest in CB2 as a drug target, new potential therapeutic indications and the development status of selective CB2 agonists. EXPERT OPINION There is a continuous interest in the CB2 receptor as a drug target. Many highly selective compounds of various chemotypes have been identified and their analgesic effects in animal models further support the potential of this mechanism in pain therapy. Several companies have initiated clinical trials. While some of these have been terminated for various reasons, one can anticipate the emergence of new drugs from CB2 modulation once a better understanding around the cannabinoid receptors is gained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris Riether
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Strasse 65, D-88397 Biberach an der Riss, Germany.
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Sasmal PK, Talwar R, Swetha J, Balasubrahmanyam D, Venkatesham B, Rawoof KA, Neelima Devi B, Jadhav VP, Khan SK, Mohan P, Srinivasa Reddy D, Nyavanandi VK, Nanduri S, Kyasa SK, Kannan M, Srinivas P, Nadipalli P, Chaudhury H, Sebastian VJ. Structure-activity relationship studies of novel pyrazole and imidazole carboxamides as cannabinoid-1 (CB1) antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:4913-8. [PMID: 21741835 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2011] [Revised: 05/27/2011] [Accepted: 06/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and biological evaluation of novel pyrazole and imidazole carboxamides as CB1 antagonists are described. As a part of eastern amide SAR, various chemically diverse motifs were introduced on rimonabant template. The central pyrazole core was also replaced with its conformationally constrained motif and imidazole moieties. In general, a range of modifications were well tolerated. Several molecules with low- and sub-nanomolar potencies were identified as potent CB1 receptor antagonists. The in vivo proof of principle for weight loss is demonstrated with a lead compound in DIO mice model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradip K Sasmal
- Discovery Research, Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Ltd, Bollaram Road, Miyapur, Hyderabad 500049, India.
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Sasmal PK, Reddy DS, Talwar R, Venkatesham B, Balasubrahmanyam D, Kannan M, Srinivas P, Kyasa SK, Devi BN, Jadhav VP, Khan SK, Mohan P, Chaudhury H, Bhuniya D, Iqbal J, Chakrabarti R. Novel pyrazole-3-carboxamide derivatives as cannabinoid-1 (CB1) antagonists: journey from non-polar to polar amides. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:562-8. [PMID: 21075633 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.10.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2010] [Revised: 10/12/2010] [Accepted: 10/13/2010] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and biological evaluation of novel pyrazole-3-carboxamide derivatives as CB1 antagonists are described. As a part of eastern amide SAR, various chemically diverse motifs were introduced. In general, a range of modifications were well tolerated. Several molecules with high polar surface area were also identified as potent CB1 receptor antagonists. The in vivo proof of principle for weight loss is exemplified with a lead compound from this series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradip K Sasmal
- Discovery Research, Dr Reddy's Laboratories Ltd, Bollaram Road, Miyapur, Hyderabad 500049, India.
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Hung MS, Chang CP, Li TC, Yeh TK, Song JS, Lin Y, Wu CH, Kuo PC, Amancha P, Wong YC, Hsiao WC, Chao YS, Shia KS. Discovery of 1-(2,4-Dichlorophenyl)-4-ethyl-5-(5-(2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ethynyl)thiophen-2-yl)-N-(piperidin-1-yl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide as a Potential Peripheral Cannabinoid-1 Receptor Inverse Agonist. ChemMedChem 2010; 5:1439-43. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201000246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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The SAR studies of novel CB2 selective agonists, benzimidazolone derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:3310-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2008] [Revised: 04/06/2008] [Accepted: 04/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Bellina F, Cauteruccio S, Rossi R. Synthesis and biological activity of vicinal diaryl-substituted 1H-imidazoles. Tetrahedron 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2007.02.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Muccioli GG, Lambert DM. Latest advances in cannabinoid receptor antagonists and inverse agonists. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2006. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.16.10.1405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Adam J, Cowley PM, Kiyoi T, Morrison AJ, Mort CJW. Recent progress in cannabinoid research. PROGRESS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2006; 44:207-329. [PMID: 16697899 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6468(05)44406-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Adam
- Organon Research, Newhouse, Lanarkshire, Scotland, UK
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Lange JHM, van Stuivenberg HH, Veerman W, Wals HC, Stork B, Coolen HKAC, McCreary AC, Adolfs TJP, Kruse CG. Novel 3,4-diarylpyrazolines as potent cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonists with lower lipophilicity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 15:4794-8. [PMID: 16140010 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.07.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2005] [Revised: 06/18/2005] [Accepted: 07/19/2005] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Novel 3,4-diarylpyrazolines 1 as potent CB1 receptor antagonists with lipophilicity lower than that of SLV319 are described. The key change is the replacement of the arylsulfonyl group in the original series by a dialkylaminosulfonyl moiety. The absolute configuration (4S) of eutomer 24 was established by X-ray diffraction analysis and 24 showed a close molecular fit with rimonabant in a CB1 receptor-based model. Compound 17 exhibited the highest CB1 receptor affinity (Ki = 24 nM) in this series, as well as very potent CB1 antagonistic activity (pA2 = 8.8) and a high CB1/CB2 subtype selectivity (approximately 147-fold).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jos H M Lange
- Solvay Pharmaceuticals, Research Laboratories, C. J. van Houtenlaan 36, 1381 CP Weesp, The Netherlands.
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Abstract
Over the past 40 years, much research has been carried out directed toward the characterization of the cannabinergic system. With the identification of two G-protein coupled receptors and the endogenous ligand, anandamide, pharmacological targets have expanded to encompass hydrolase and transport proteins as well as novel classes of cannabinoid ligands. Those ligands that demonstrate high affinity for the receptors and good biological efficacy are tied together through lipophilic regions repeatedly demonstrated necessary for activity. This review presents recent developments in the structure-activity relationships of several classes of cannabinoid ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea W Padgett
- Howard L. Hunter Chemistry Laboratory, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634-0973, USA.
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Govaerts SJ, Muccioli GG, Hermans E, Lambert DM. Characterization of the pharmacology of imidazolidinedione derivatives at cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors. Eur J Pharmacol 2005; 495:43-53. [PMID: 15219819 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2004.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2004] [Accepted: 05/12/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The pharmacology of 3-(2-ethylmorpholino)-5,5'-di(p-bromophenyl)-imidazolidinedione (DML20), 3-(1-hydroxypropyl)-5,5'-di(p-bromophenyl)-imidazolidinedione (DML21) and 3-heptyl-5,5'-di(p-bromophenyl)-imidazolidinedione (DML23) was extended by studying affinity and GTP binding modulation on cannabinoid receptor subtypes (CB1 and CB2) from rat tissues and human cannabinoid receptors expressed in Chinese Hamster Ovary cells. Competitive binding studies indicated that DML20, DML21 and DML23 are selective ligands for cannabinoid CB1 receptors. In rat cerebellum homogenates, DML20, DML21 and DML23 were unable to influence [35S]GTPgammaS binding but competitively inhibit HU 210-induced [35S]GTPgammaS binding (pKB of 6.11 +/- 0.14, 6.25 +/- 0.06 and 5.74 +/- 0.09, respectively), indicating that they act as cannabinoid CB1 receptor neutral antagonists. However, in CHO cells homogenates expressing selectively either human cannabinoid CB1 or CB2 receptors, they behaved as inverse agonists decreasing the [35S]GTPgammaS binding, with similar efficacy. In conclusion, these derivatives exhibit different activities (neutral antagonism and inverse agonism) in the different models of cannabinoid receptors studied.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- CHO Cells
- Cerebellum/drug effects
- Cerebellum/metabolism
- Cerebellum/pathology
- Cricetinae
- Cricetulus
- Drug Evaluation, Preclinical/methods
- Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate)/metabolism
- Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate)/pharmacology
- Humans
- Imidazolidines/pharmacology
- Male
- Molecular Structure
- Morpholines/pharmacology
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/drug effects
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/genetics
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/metabolism
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2/drug effects
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2/genetics
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2/metabolism
- Species Specificity
- Spleen/drug effects
- Spleen/metabolism
- Spleen/pathology
- Structure-Activity Relationship
- Sulfur Radioisotopes
- Transfection/methods
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie J Govaerts
- Unité de Chimie pharmaceutique et de Radiopharmacie (73.40) Ecole de Pharmacie, Université Catholique de Louvain, 73, Avenue E. Mounier, UCL-CMFA 7340, B-1200 Bruxelles, Belgium
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Lange JHM, Kruse CG. Keynote review: Medicinal chemistry strategies to CB1 cannabinoid receptor antagonists. Drug Discov Today 2005; 10:693-702. [PMID: 15896682 DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6446(05)03427-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The proven clinical efficacy of the CB(1) cannabinoid receptor antagonist rimonabant in both obesity and smoking cessation and its therapeutic potential in other disorders has given a tremendous impetus to the discovery of novel CB(1) antagonists. The number of disclosed patents wherein novel chemical entities having CB(1) antagonistic or inverse agonistic properties have been claimed has exploded. Besides novel compound classes that were identified in screening, rational medicinal chemistry approaches such as conformational constraint and scaffold hopping have been successfully applied. CB(1) receptor modelling has provided insight into crucial receptor-ligand interaction points thereby leading to a general CB(1) inverse agonist pharmacophore model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jos H M Lange
- Solvay Pharmaceuticals, Research Laboratories, C. J. van Houtenlaan 36, 1381 CP Weesp, The Netherlands.
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