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Orafaie A, Mousavian M, Orafai H, Sadeghian H. An overview of lipoxygenase inhibitors with approach of in vivo studies. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2020; 148:106411. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2020.106411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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2
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Muthuraman S, Sinha S, Vasavi CS, Waidha KM, Basu B, Munussami P, Balamurali MM, Doble M, Saravana Kumar R. Design, synthesis and identification of novel coumaperine derivatives for inhibition of human 5-LOX: Antioxidant, pseudoperoxidase and docking studies. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:604-619. [PMID: 30638966 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
5-Lipoxygenase (5-LOX) is a key enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of pro-inflammatory leukotrienes, leading to asthma. Developing potent 5-LOX inhibitors especially, natural product based ones, are highly attractive. Coumaperine, a natural product found in white pepper and its derivatives were herein developed as 5-LOX inhibitors. We have synthesized twenty four derivatives, characterized and evaluated their 5-LOX inhibition potential. Coumaperine derivatives substituted with multiple hydroxy and multiple methoxy groups exhibited best 5-LOX inhibition. CP-209, a catechol type dihydroxyl derivative and CP-262-F2, a vicinal trihydroxyl derivative exhibited, 82.7% and 82.5% inhibition of 5-LOX respectively at 20 µM. Their IC50 values are 2.1 ± 0.2 µM and 2.3 ± 0.2 µM respectively, and are comparable to zileuton, IC50 = 1.4 ± 0.2 µM. CP-155, a methylenedioxy derivative (a natural product) and CP-194, a 2,4,6-trimethoxy derivative showed 76.0% and 77.1% inhibition of 5-LOX respectively at 20 µM. Antioxidant study revealed that CP-209 and 262-F2 (at 20 µM) scavenged DPPH radical by 76.8% and 71.3% respectively. On the other hand, CP-155 and 194 showed very poor DPPH radical scavenging activity. Pseudo peroxidase assay confirmed that the mode of action of CP-209 and 262-F2 were by redox process, similar to zileuton, affecting the oxidation state of the metal ion in the enzyme. On the contrary, CP-155 and 194 probably act through some other mechanism which does not involve the disruption of the oxidation state of the metal in the enzyme. Molecular docking of CP-155 and 194 to the active site of 5-LOX and binding energy calculation suggested that they are non-competitive inhibitors. The In-Silico ADME/TOX analysis shows the active compounds (CP-155, 194, 209 and 262-F2) are with good drug likeliness and reduced toxicity compared to existing drug. These studies indicate that there is a great potential for coumaperine derivatives to be developed as anti-inflammatory drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subramani Muthuraman
- Chemistry Division, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Chennai 600127, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Shweta Sinha
- Department of Chemistry, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamilnadu 632014, India; Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, Tamilnadu 600036, India.
| | - C S Vasavi
- Bioinformatics Division, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamilnadu 632 014, India
| | - Kamran Manzoor Waidha
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, sector-125, Noida 201303, India
| | - Biswarup Basu
- Department of Neuroendocrinology, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37 S P Mukherjee Road, Kolkata 700026,India
| | - Punnagai Munussami
- Center for Computational Natural Sciences and Bioinformatics, International Institute of Information Technology, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500 032, India
| | - M M Balamurali
- Chemistry Division, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Chennai 600127, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Mukesh Doble
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, Tamilnadu 600036, India
| | - Rajendran Saravana Kumar
- Chemistry Division, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Chennai 600127, Tamilnadu, India.
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Touaibia M, Hébert MJG, Levesque NA, Doiron JA, Doucet MS, Jean-François J, Cormier M, Boudreau LH, Surette ME. Sinapic acid phenethyl ester as a potent selective 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor: Synthesis and structure-activity relationship. Chem Biol Drug Des 2018; 92:1876-1887. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Touaibia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Université de Moncton; Moncton NB Canada
| | - Martin J. G. Hébert
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Université de Moncton; Moncton NB Canada
| | - Natalie A. Levesque
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Université de Moncton; Moncton NB Canada
| | - Jérémie A. Doiron
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Université de Moncton; Moncton NB Canada
| | - Marco S. Doucet
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Université de Moncton; Moncton NB Canada
| | | | - Marc Cormier
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Université de Moncton; Moncton NB Canada
| | - Luc H. Boudreau
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Université de Moncton; Moncton NB Canada
| | - Marc E. Surette
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Université de Moncton; Moncton NB Canada
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4
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Substituted Caffeic and Ferulic Acid Phenethyl Esters: Synthesis, Leukotrienes Biosynthesis Inhibition, and Cytotoxic Activity. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22071124. [PMID: 28684707 PMCID: PMC6152019 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22071124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an aggressive brain tumor that correlates with short patient survival and for which therapeutic options are limited. Polyphenolic compounds, including caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE, 1a), have been investigated for their anticancer properties in several types of cancer. To further explore these properties in brain cancer cells, a series of caffeic and ferulic acid esters bearing additional oxygens moieties (OH or OCH3) were designed and synthesized. (CAPE, 1a), but not ferulic acid phenethyl ester (FAPE, 1b), displayed substantial cytotoxicity against two glioma cell lines. Some but not all selected compounds derived from both (CAPE, 1a) and (FAPE, 1b) also displayed cytotoxicity. All CAPE-derived compounds were able to significantly inhibit 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO), however FAPE-derived compounds were largely ineffective 5-LO inhibitors. Molecular docking revealed new hydrogen bonds and π-π interactions between the enzyme and some of the investigated compounds. Overall, this work highlights the relevance of exploring polyphenolic compounds in cancer models and provides additional leads in the development of novel therapeutic strategies in gliomas.
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5
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Doiron JA, Leblanc LM, Hébert MJG, Levesque NA, Paré AF, Jean-François J, Cormier M, Surette ME, Touaibia M. Structure-activity relationship of caffeic acid phenethyl ester analogs as new 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors. Chem Biol Drug Des 2016; 89:514-528. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jérémie A. Doiron
- Département de chimie et biochimie; Université de Moncton; Moncton NB Canada
| | - Luc M. Leblanc
- Département de chimie et biochimie; Université de Moncton; Moncton NB Canada
| | - Martin J. G. Hébert
- Département de chimie et biochimie; Université de Moncton; Moncton NB Canada
| | - Natalie A. Levesque
- Département de chimie et biochimie; Université de Moncton; Moncton NB Canada
| | - Aurélie F. Paré
- Département de chimie et biochimie; Université de Moncton; Moncton NB Canada
| | | | - Marc Cormier
- Département de chimie et biochimie; Université de Moncton; Moncton NB Canada
| | - Marc E. Surette
- Département de chimie et biochimie; Université de Moncton; Moncton NB Canada
| | - Mohamed Touaibia
- Département de chimie et biochimie; Université de Moncton; Moncton NB Canada
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6
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Wisastra R, Dekker FJ. Inflammation, Cancer and Oxidative Lipoxygenase Activity are Intimately Linked. Cancers (Basel) 2014; 6:1500-21. [PMID: 25037020 PMCID: PMC4190552 DOI: 10.3390/cancers6031500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer and inflammation are intimately linked due to specific oxidative processes in the tumor microenvironment. Lipoxygenases are a versatile class of oxidative enzymes involved in arachidonic acid metabolism. An increasing number of arachidonic acid metabolites is being discovered and apart from their classically recognized pro-inflammatory effects, anti-inflammatory effects are also being described in recent years. Interestingly, these lipid mediators are involved in activation of pro-inflammatory signal transduction pathways such as the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) pathway, which illustrates the intimate link between lipid signaling and transcription factor activation. The identification of the role of arachidonic acid metabolites in several inflammatory diseases led to a significant drug discovery effort around arachidonic acid metabolizing enzymes. However, to date success in this area has been limited. This might be attributed to the lack of selectivity of the developed inhibitors and to a lack of detailed understanding of the functional roles of arachidonic acid metabolites in inflammatory responses and cancer. This calls for a more detailed investigation of the activity of arachidonic acid metabolizing enzymes and development of more selective inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalina Wisastra
- Pharmaceutical Gene Modulation, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Frank J Dekker
- Pharmaceutical Gene Modulation, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
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7
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Wu Y, He C, Gao Y, He S, Liu Y, Lai L. Dynamic Modeling of Human 5-Lipoxygenase–Inhibitor Interactions Helps To Discover Novel Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2012; 55:2597-605. [DOI: 10.1021/jm201497k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Wu
- BNLMS,
State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable
Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, ‡Center for Theoretical
Biology, and §Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chong He
- BNLMS,
State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable
Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, ‡Center for Theoretical
Biology, and §Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yang Gao
- BNLMS,
State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable
Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, ‡Center for Theoretical
Biology, and §Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shan He
- BNLMS,
State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable
Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, ‡Center for Theoretical
Biology, and §Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ying Liu
- BNLMS,
State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable
Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, ‡Center for Theoretical
Biology, and §Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Luhua Lai
- BNLMS,
State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable
Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, ‡Center for Theoretical
Biology, and §Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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8
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He C, Wu Y, Lai Y, Cai Z, Liu Y, Lai L. Dynamic eicosanoid responses upon different inhibitor and combination treatments on the arachidonic acid metabolic network. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2012; 8:1585-94. [DOI: 10.1039/c2mb05503a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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9
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Chemburkar SR, Anderson DG, Reddy RE. Efficient Method for Synthesis of 2-Acetylbenzo(b)thiophene and Its Derivatives, the Key Synthons for 5-Lipoxygenase Inhibitors. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/00397910903162775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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10
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Pergola C, Werz O. 5-Lipoxygenase inhibitors: a review of recent developments and patents. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2010; 20:355-75. [DOI: 10.1517/13543771003602012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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11
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Feißt C, Pergola C, Rakonjac M, Rossi A, Koeberle A, Dodt G, Hoffmann M, Hoernig C, Fischer L, Steinhilber D, Franke L, Schneider G, Rådmark O, Sautebin L, Werz O. Hyperforin is a novel type of 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor with high efficacy in vivo. Cell Mol Life Sci 2009; 66:2759-71. [PMID: 19579006 PMCID: PMC11115900 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-009-0078-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2009] [Revised: 06/12/2009] [Accepted: 06/15/2009] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
We previously showed that, in vitro, hyperforin from St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum) inhibits 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO), the key enzyme in leukotriene biosynthesis. Here, we demonstrate that hyperforin possesses a novel and unique molecular pharmacological profile as a 5-LO inhibitor with remarkable efficacy in vivo. Hyperforin (4 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly suppressed leukotriene B(4) formation in pleural exudates of carrageenan-treated rats associated with potent anti-inflammatory effectiveness. Inhibition of 5-LO by hyperforin, but not by the iron-ligand type 5-LO inhibitor BWA4C or the nonredox-type inhibitor ZM230487, was abolished in the presence of phosphatidylcholine and strongly reduced by mutation (W13A-W75A-W102A) of the 5-LO C2-like domain. Moreover, hyperforin impaired the interaction of 5-LO with coactosin-like protein and abrogated 5-LO nuclear membrane translocation in ionomycin-stimulated neutrophils, processes that are typically mediated via the regulatory 5-LO C2-like domain. Together, hyperforin is a novel type of 5-LO inhibitor apparently acting by interference with the C2-like domain, with high effectiveness in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Feißt
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Carlo Pergola
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytics, Pharmaceutical Institute, Eberhard-Karls-University Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marija Rakonjac
- Division of Physiological Chemistry II, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Andreas Koeberle
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytics, Pharmaceutical Institute, Eberhard-Karls-University Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Gabriele Dodt
- Interfakultäres Institut für Biochemie, Hoppe-Seyler-Straße 4, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marika Hoffmann
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Christina Hoernig
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Lutz Fischer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Dieter Steinhilber
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Lutz Franke
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of Frankfurt, Siesmayerstr. 70, 60323 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Gisbert Schneider
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of Frankfurt, Siesmayerstr. 70, 60323 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Olof Rådmark
- Division of Physiological Chemistry II, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lidia Sautebin
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Oliver Werz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytics, Pharmaceutical Institute, Eberhard-Karls-University Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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12
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Lipids as targets for novel anti-inflammatory therapies. Pharmacol Ther 2009; 124:96-112. [PMID: 19576246 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2009.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2009] [Accepted: 06/12/2009] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Lipids serve important functions as membrane constituents and also as energy storing molecules. Besides these functions certain lipid species have now been recognized as signalling molecules that regulate a multitude of cellular responses including cell growth and death, and also inflammatory reactions. Bioactive lipids are generated by hydrolysis from membrane lipids mainly by phospholipases giving rise to fatty acids and lysophospholipids that either directly exert their function or are further converted to active mediators. This review will summarize the present knowledge about bioactive lipids that either promote or attenuate inflammatory reactions. These lipids include polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), eicosanoids including the epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EET), peroxisome proliferation activating receptor (PPAR) activators, cannabinoids and the sphingolipids ceramide, sphingosine 1-phosphate and sphingosylphosphorylcholine.
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13
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Tiwari R, Singh V, Barthwal M. Macrophages: An elusive yet emerging therapeutic target of atherosclerosis. Med Res Rev 2008; 28:483-544. [DOI: 10.1002/med.20118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Schwarz O, Jakupovic S, Ambrosi HD, Haustedt LO, Mang C, Müller-Kuhrt L. Natural Products in Parallel Chemistry––Novel 5-Lipoxygenase Inhibitors from BIOS-Based Libraries Starting from α-Santonin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 9:1104-13. [PMID: 17850107 DOI: 10.1021/cc700098t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we developed a concept known as biology-oriented synthesis (BIOS), which targets the design and synthesis of small- to medium-sized compound libraries on the basis of genuine natural product templates to provide screening compounds with high biological relevance. We herein describe the parallel solution phase synthesis of two BIOS-based libraries starting from alpha-santonin (1). Modification of the sesquiterpene lactone 1 by introduction of a thiazole moiety followed by a Lewis-acid-mediated lactone opening yielded a first library of natural product analogues. An acid-mediated dienone-phenol rearrangement of 1 and a subsequent etherification/amidation sequence led to a second natural product-based library. After application of a fingerprint-based virtual screening on these compounds, the biological screening of 23 selected library members against 5-lipoxygenase resulted in the discovery of four potent novel inhibitors of this enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Schwarz
- Analyticon Discovery GmbH, Hermannswerder Haus 17, 14473 Potsdam, Germany.
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15
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Zheng M, Zheng M, Ye D, Deng Y, Qiu S, Luo X, Chen K, Liu H, Jiang H. Indole derivatives as potent inhibitors of 5-lipoxygenase: Design, synthesis, biological evaluation, and molecular modeling. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:2414-20. [PMID: 17336065 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2006] [Revised: 01/16/2007] [Accepted: 02/15/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel indole derivatives was designed, synthesized and evaluated by cell-based assays for their inhibitory activities against 5-LOX in rat peritoneal leukocytes. Most of them (30 out of 35) showed an inhibitory potency higher than the initial screening hit 1a (IC(50)=74 microM). Selected compounds for concentration-response studies showed prominent inhibitory activities with IC(50) values ranging from 0.74 microM to 3.17 microM. Four compounds (1m, 1s, 4a, and 6a) exhibited the most potent inhibitory activity compared to that of the reference drug (Zileuton), with IC(50) values less than 1 microM. Molecular modeling studies for compounds 1a, 3a, 4a, and 6a were also presented. The excellent in vitro activities of this class of compounds may possess potential for the treatment of LT-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingfang Zheng
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China
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16
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O'Connor BJ, Löfdahl CG, Balter M, Szczeklik A, Boulet LP, Cairns CB. Zileuton added to low-dose inhaled beclomethasone for the treatment of moderate to severe persistent asthma. Respir Med 2007; 101:1088-96. [PMID: 17360171 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2007.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2006] [Revised: 01/24/2007] [Accepted: 01/26/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the therapeutic effects of oral zileuton tablets combined with low-dose beclomethasone compared to doubling the dose of beclomethasone, in improving lung function and reducing asthma symptoms. METHODS Randomized, active-control, double-blind, parallel, multi-center study of zileuton (400 or 600 mg QID)+200 microg beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP) BID versus placebo+BDP 400 microg BID in asthmatics with baseline FEV(1) percent predicted values between 40% and 80% following a single-blind ICS (BDP 200 microg BID) 2-week run-in. During the 3-month double-blind treatment period, assessments included safety, daytime and nighttime symptoms, acute asthma exacerbations, beta(2)-agonist use, AM and PM peak expiratory flow (PEF) and FEV(1). RESULTS The addition of a 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) inhibitor added to a low-dose of BDP showed no significant difference in FEV(1) compared to doubling the dose of BDP. FEV(1) improved in all 3 treatment groups, with mean increases of 10% with zileuton 600 mg QID+BDP 200 microg BID, 12% with zileuton 400mg QID+BDP 200 microg BID, and 11% with BDP 400 microg BID by study end. Within each treatment group, there were significant improvements in asthma symptoms and AM and PM PEF compared to baseline. No significant differences were observed between groups with regards to salbutamol use, acute asthma exacerbations, the requirement for oral/parenteral corticosteroids and adverse clinical events. CONCLUSIONS The addition of a 5-LO inhibitor added to low-dose beclomethasone may be an alternative to higher-doses of ICS in patients unable to achieve sufficient asthma control on low-dose ICS therapy.
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17
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Pufahl RA, Kasten TP, Hills R, Gierse JK, Reitz BA, Weinberg RA, Masferrer JL. Development of a fluorescence-based enzyme assay of human 5-lipoxygenase. Anal Biochem 2007; 364:204-12. [PMID: 17376394 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2007.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2006] [Revised: 02/05/2007] [Accepted: 02/06/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Leukotrienes are important mediators in a number of inflammatory diseases and therefore are a target of several therapeutic approaches. The first committed step in the synthesis of leukotrienes is the conversion of arachidonic acid to leukotriene A(4) (LTA(4)) in two successive reactions catalyzed by 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX). Assays to measure 5-LOX activity typically have been low throughput and time consuming. In this article, we describe a fluorescence assay that is amenable to high-throughput screening in a 384-well microplate format. The fluorescent signal is measured during oxidation of 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (H2DCFDA) by human 5-LOX. The assay has been found to reliably identify small molecule inhibitors of human 5-LOX. The IC(50) values of several 5-LOX inhibitors in this new assay are comparable to those determined in a standard spectrophotometric assay that measures the formation of the 5(S)-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid (5-HpETE) product. In addition, we demonstrate the use of the assay in a high-throughput screen of the Pfizer compound collection to identify inhibitors of 5-LOX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Pufahl
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Chesterfield, MO 63017, USA.
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18
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Werz O, Steinhilber D. Therapeutic options for 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors. Pharmacol Ther 2006; 112:701-18. [PMID: 16837050 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2006.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2006] [Accepted: 05/26/2006] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO) catalyzes the conversion of arachidonic acid (AA) into leukotriene (LT) A(4) and 5-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid. LTA(4) can then be converted into LTB(4) by LTA(4) hydrolase or into LTC(4) by LTC(4) synthase and the LTC(4) synthase isoenzymes MGST2 and MGST3. LTB(4) is a potent chemoattractant for neutrophils, eosinophils and monocytes leading to adherence of phagocytes to vessel walls, neutrophil degranulation and release of superoxide anions. LTC(4) and its metabolite, LTD(4), are potent bronchoconstrictors that increase vascular permeability and stimulate mucus secretion from airways. Recent data also suggest that LT have an immunomodulatory role. Due to these properties, the increased biosynthesis of LT in asthma, and based upon clinical data obtained with CysLT(1) receptor antagonists in asthma patients, there is a consensus that CysLT play a prominent role in asthma. In this review, we summarize the knowledge on possible functions of the 5-LO pathway in various diseases like asthma, cancer and cardiovascular events and review the corresponding potential therapeutic roles of 5-LO inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Werz
- Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
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Grimm EL, Brideau C, Chauret N, Chan CC, Delorme D, Ducharme Y, Ethier D, Falgueyret JP, Friesen RW, Guay J, Hamel P, Riendeau D, Soucy-Breau C, Tagari P, Girard Y. Substituted coumarins as potent 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:2528-31. [PMID: 16464579 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.01.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2005] [Revised: 01/19/2006] [Accepted: 01/19/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Leukotriene biosynthesis inhibitors have potential as therapeutic agents for asthma and inflammatory diseases. A novel series of substituted coumarin derivatives has been synthesized and the structure-activity relationship was evaluated with respect to their ability to inhibit the formation of leukotrienes via the human 5-lipoxygenase enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erich L Grimm
- Merck Frosst Centre for Therapeutic Research, 16711 Trans Canada Hwy, Kirkland, Que., Canada H9H 3L1.
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20
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Feisst C, Franke L, Appendino G, Werz O. Identification of molecular targets of the oligomeric nonprenylated acylphloroglucinols from Myrtus communis and their implication as anti-inflammatory compounds. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2005; 315:389-96. [PMID: 16014754 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.105.090720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Myrtucommulone (MC) and semimyrtucommulone (S-MC) are unique oligomeric, nonprenylated acylphloroglucinols contained in the leaves of myrtle (Myrtus communis). Although extracts of myrtle have been traditionally used in folk medicine for the treatment of various disorders, studies addressing select cellular or molecular pharmacological properties of these extracts or specific ingredients thereof are rare. Here, we show for the first time that MC and S-MC potently suppress the biosynthesis of eicosanoids by direct inhibiting cyclooxygenase-1 and 5-lipoxygenase in vitro and in vivo at IC50 values in the range of 1.8 to 29 microM. Moreover, we show that MC and S-MC prevent the mobilization of Ca2+ in polymorphonuclear leukocytes, mediated by G protein signaling pathways at IC50 values of 0.55 and 4.5 microM, respectively, and suppress the formation of reactive oxygen species and the release of elastase at comparable concentrations. The isobutyrophenone core of MC as well as S-MC was much less potent or even not active at all. In addition, MC or S-MC only partially inhibited peroxide formation or failed to block Ca2+ mobilization and elastase release when polymorphonuclear leukocytes were challenged with ionomycin that circumvents G protein signaling for cell activation. We conclude that, in view of their ability to suppress typical proinflammatory cellular responses, the unique acylphloroglucinols MC and S-MC from myrtle may possess an anti-inflammatory potential, suggesting their therapeutic use for the treatment of diseases related to inflammation and allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Feisst
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
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