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Steinmetz MO, Prota AE. Structure-based discovery and rational design of microtubule-targeting agents. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2024; 87:102845. [PMID: 38805950 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2024.102845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Microtubule-targeting agents (MTAs) have demonstrated remarkable efficacy as antitumor, antifungal, antiparasitic, and herbicidal agents, finding applications in the clinical, veterinary, and agrochemical industry. Recent advances in tubulin and microtubule structural biology have provided powerful tools that pave the way for the rational design of innovative small-molecule MTAs for future basic and applied life science applications. In this mini-review, we present the current status of the tubulin and microtubule structural biology field, the recent impact it had on the discovery and rational design of MTAs, and exciting avenues for future MTA research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel O Steinmetz
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Division of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland; University of Basel, Biozentrum, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Andrea E Prota
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Division of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland.
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2
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Ghayour AH, Delavari M, Arbabi M. Antileishmanial effect of podophyllotoxin and podophyllin on Leishmania major in vitro and in vivo. J Parasit Dis 2024; 48:157-162. [PMID: 38440762 PMCID: PMC10908768 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-024-01654-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic research is very important in the prevention and treatment of leishmaniasis due to problems such as drug resistance, scarring and disease recurrence. The aim of this study was to determine how Leishmania major responds to the anti-leishmaniasis properties of podophyllotoxin and podophyllin. Cultured Leishmania promastigotes were exposed to different concentrations of podophyllotoxin and podophyllin for 24 and 48 h. Then, during the animal phase, Balb/c mice were experimentally injected with Leishmania promastigotes. After wounding, the effects of 0.5% podophyllotoxin and 25% podophyllin on reducing wound diameter and the number of amastigotes in the wound were evaluated. Podophyllotoxin and podophyllin were 83% and 59% lethal to Leishmania major promastigotes at the highest concentrations (200 µg/ml) and time (48 h). In the in vivo study, the mean lesion diameter at the end of treatment in the negative control group was 15.10 mm compared to 14.21 mm and 11.55 mm in the 25% podophyllin and 0.5% podophyllotoxin groups, respectively. Although both agents reduced the size of mice wounds and the number of amastigotes in the wounds, podophyllotoxin was more effective in this regard. Based on the results, podophyllotoxin and podophyllin can be used as leishmaniasis drugs after further research. Graphical abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir hossein Ghayour
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Mahdi Delavari
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Mohsen Arbabi
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran
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3
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Podolak M, Holota S, Deyak Y, Dziduch K, Dudchak R, Wujec M, Bielawski K, Lesyk R, Bielawska A. Tubulin inhibitors. Selected scaffolds and main trends in the design of novel anticancer and antiparasitic agents. Bioorg Chem 2024; 143:107076. [PMID: 38163424 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.107076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Design of tubulin inhibitors as anticancer drugs dynamically developed over the past 20 years. The modern arsenal of potential tubulin-targeting anticancer agents is represented by small molecules, monoclonal antibodies, and antibody-drug conjugates. Moreover, targeting tubulin has been a successful strategy in the development of antiparasitic drugs. In the present review, an overall picture of the research and development of potential tubulin-targeting agents using small molecules between 2018 and 2023 is provided. The data about some most often used and prospective chemotypes of small molecules (privileged heterocycles, moieties of natural molecules) and synthetic methodologies (analogue-based, fragment-based drug design, molecular hybridization) applied for the design of novel agents with an impact on the tubulin system are summarized. The design and prospects of multi-target agents with an impact on the tubulin system were also highlighted. Reported in the review data contribute to the "structure-activity" profile of tubulin-targeting small molecules as anticancer and antiparasitic agents and will be useful for the application by medicinal chemists in further exploration, design, improvement, and optimization of this class of molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Podolak
- Department of Biotechnology, Medical University of Bialystok, Kilinskiego 1, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Serhii Holota
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Pekarska 69, 79010 Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Yaroslava Deyak
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Pekarska 69, 79010 Lviv, Ukraine; Department of Pharmaceutical Disciplines, Uzhhorod National University, Narodna Square 3, 88000 Uzhhorod, Ukraine
| | - Katarzyna Dziduch
- Doctoral School, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 7, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Rostyslav Dudchak
- Department of Biotechnology, Medical University of Bialystok, Kilinskiego 1, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Monika Wujec
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Bielawski
- Department of Synthesis and Technology of Drugs, Medical University of Bialystok, Kilinskiego 1, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Roman Lesyk
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Pekarska 69, 79010 Lviv, Ukraine.
| | - Anna Bielawska
- Department of Biotechnology, Medical University of Bialystok, Kilinskiego 1, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland
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Dos Santos Nascimento IJ, Albino SL, da Silva Menezes KJ, de Azevedo Teotônio Cavalcanti M, de Oliveira MS, Mali SN, de Moura RO. Targeting SmCB1: Perspectives and Insights to Design Antischistosomal Drugs. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:2264-2284. [PMID: 37921174 DOI: 10.2174/0109298673255826231011114249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) are prevalent in tropical and subtropical countries, and schistosomiasis is among the most relevant diseases worldwide. In addition, one of the two biggest problems in developing drugs against this disease is related to drug resistance, which promotes the demand to develop new drug candidates for this purpose. Thus, one of the drug targets most explored, Schistosoma mansoni Cathepsin B1 (SmCB1 or Sm31), provides new opportunities in drug development due to its essential functions for the parasite's survival. In this way, here, the latest developments in drug design studies targeting SmCB1 were approached, focusing on the most promising analogs of nitrile, vinyl sulphones, and peptidomimetics. Thus, it was shown that despite being a disease known since ancient times, it remains prevalent throughout the world, with high mortality rates. The therapeutic arsenal of antischistosomal drugs (ASD) consists only of praziquantel, which is widely used for this purpose and has several advantages, such as efficacy and safety. However, it has limitations, such as the impossibility of acting on the immature worm and exploring new targets to overcome these limitations. SmCB1 shows its potential as a cysteine protease with a catalytic triad consisting of Cys100, His270, and Asn290. Thus, design studies of new inhibitors focus on their catalytic mechanism for designing new analogs. In fact, nitrile and sulfonamide analogs show the most significant potential in drug development, showing that these chemical groups can be better exploited in drug discovery against schistosomiasis. We hope this manuscript guides the authors in searching for promising new antischistosomal drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor José Dos Santos Nascimento
- Pharmacy Department, Cesmac University Center, Maceió, 57051-160, Brazil
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento e Síntese de Fármacos, Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Campina Grande 58429-500, Brazil
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Campina Grande, 58429-500, Brazil
| | - Sonaly Lima Albino
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento e Síntese de Fármacos, Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Campina Grande 58429-500, Brazil
| | - Karla Joane da Silva Menezes
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento e Síntese de Fármacos, Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Campina Grande 58429-500, Brazil
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Campina Grande, 58429-500, Brazil
| | - Misael de Azevedo Teotônio Cavalcanti
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento e Síntese de Fármacos, Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Campina Grande 58429-500, Brazil
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Campina Grande, 58429-500, Brazil
| | - Mozaniel Santana de Oliveira
- Coordination of Botany-Laboratory Adolpho Ducke, Avenida Perimetral, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, 1901, Belém, 66077-530, PA Brazil
| | - Suraj N Mali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga East, Mumbai, 400019, India
| | - Ricardo Olimpio de Moura
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento e Síntese de Fármacos, Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Campina Grande 58429-500, Brazil
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Campina Grande, 58429-500, Brazil
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Su Q, Baker L, Emery S, Balan B, Ansell B, Tichkule S, Mueller I, Svärd SG, Jex A. Transcriptomic analysis of albendazole resistance in human diarrheal parasite Giardia duodenalis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY: DRUGS AND DRUG RESISTANCE 2023; 22:9-19. [PMID: 37004489 PMCID: PMC10111952 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2023.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Benzimidazole-2-carbamates (BZ, e.g., albendazole; ALB), which bind β-tubulin to disrupt microtubule polymerization, are one of two primary compound classes used to treat giardiasis. In most parasitic nematodes and fungi, BZ-resistance is caused by β-tubulin mutations and its molecular mode of action (MOA) is well studied. In contrast, in Giardia duodenalis BZ MOA or resistance is less well understood, may involve target-specific and broader impacts including cellular damage and oxidative stress, and its underlying cause is not clearly determined. Previously, we identified acquisition of a single nucleotide polymorphism, E198K, in β-tubulin in ALB-resistant (ALB-R) G. duodenalis WB-1B relative to ALB-sensitive (ALB-S) parental controls. E198K is linked to BZ-resistance in fungi and its allelic frequency correlated with the magnitude of BZ-resistance in G. duodenalis WB-1B. Here, we undertook detailed transcriptomic comparisons of these ALB-S and ALB-R G. duodenalis WB-1B cultures. The primary transcriptional changes with ALB-R in G. duodenalis WB-1B indicated increased protein degradation and turnover, and up-regulation of tubulin, and related genes, associated with the adhesive disc and basal bodies. These findings are consistent with previous observations noting focused disintegration of the disc and associated structures in Giardia duodenalis upon ALB exposure. We also saw transcriptional changes with ALB-R in G. duodenalis WB-1B consistent with prior observations of a shift from glycolysis to arginine metabolism for ATP production and possible changes to aspects of the vesicular trafficking system that require further investigation. Finally, we saw mixed transcriptional changes associated with DNA repair and oxidative stress responses in the G. duodenalis WB-1B line. These changes may be indicative of a role for H2O2 degradation in ALB-R, as has been observed in other G. duodenalis cell cultures. However, they were below the transcriptional fold-change threshold (log2FC > 1) typically employed in transcriptomic analyses and appear to be contradicted in ALB-R G. duodenalis WB-1B by down-regulation of the NAD scavenging and conversion pathways required to support these stress pathways and up-regulation of many highly oxidation sensitive iron-sulphur (FeS) cluster based metabolic enzymes.
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Ríos-Valencia DG, Ambrosio J, Tirado-Mendoza R, Carrero JC, Laclette JP. What about the Cytoskeletal and Related Proteins of Tapeworms in the Host's Immune Response? An Integrative Overview. Pathogens 2023; 12:840. [PMID: 37375530 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12060840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances have increased our understanding of the molecular machinery in the cytoskeleton of mammalian cells, in contrast to the case of tapeworm parasites, where cytoskeleton remains poorly characterized. The pertinence of a better knowledge of the tapeworm cytoskeleton is linked to the medical importance of these parasitic diseases in humans and animal stock. Moreover, its study could offer new possibilities for the development of more effective anti-parasitic drugs, as well as better strategies for their surveillance, prevention, and control. In the present review, we compile the results of recent experiments on the cytoskeleton of these parasites and analyze how these novel findings might trigger the development of new drugs or the redesign of those currently used in addition to supporting their use as biomarkers in cutting-edge diagnostic tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana G Ríos-Valencia
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Javier Ambrosio
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Rocío Tirado-Mendoza
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Julio César Carrero
- Department of Immunology, Biomedical Research Institute, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Juan Pedro Laclette
- Department of Immunology, Biomedical Research Institute, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
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Li S, Mori M, Yang M, Elfazazi S, Hortigüela R, Chan P, Feng X, Risinger A, Yang Z, Oliva MÁ, Fernando Díaz J, Fang WS. Targeting the tubulin C-terminal tail by charged small molecules. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 21:153-162. [PMID: 36472095 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01910h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The disordered tubulin C-terminal tail (CTT), which possesses a higher degree of heterogeneity, is the target for the interaction of many proteins and cellular components. Compared to the seven well-described binding sites of microtubule-targeting agents (MTAs) that localize on the globular tubulin core, tubulin CTT is far less explored. Therefore, tubulin CTT can be regarded as a novel site for the development of MTAs with distinct biochemical and cell biological properties. Here, we designed and synthesized linear and cyclic peptides containing multiple arginines (RRR), which are complementary to multiple acidic residues in tubulin CTT. Some of them showed moderate induction and promotion of tubulin polymerization. The most potent macrocyclic compound 1f was found to bind to tubulin CTT and thus exert its bioactivity. Such RRR containing compounds represent a starting point for the discovery of tubulin CTT-targeting agents with therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines & MHC Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 2A Nan Wei Road, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Mattia Mori
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, Siena 53100, Italy
| | - Mingyan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines & MHC Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 2A Nan Wei Road, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Soumia Elfazazi
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Rafael Hortigüela
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Peter Chan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229, USA
| | - Xinyue Feng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Product of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - April Risinger
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229, USA
| | - Zhiyou Yang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Product of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - María Ángela Oliva
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - J Fernando Díaz
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Wei-Shuo Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines & MHC Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 2A Nan Wei Road, Beijing 100050, China.
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8
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Homology Modeling, Molecular Docking, Molecular Dynamic Simulation, and Drug-Likeness of the Modified Alpha-Mangostin against the β-Tubulin Protein of Acanthamoeba Keratitis. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196338. [PMID: 36234875 PMCID: PMC9572066 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Acanthamoeba species are capable of causing amoebic keratitis (AK). As a monotherapy, alpha-mangostin is effective for the treatment of AK; however, its bioavailability is quite poor. Moreover, the efficacy of therapy is contingent on the parasite and virulent strains. To improve readiness against AK, it is necessary to find other derivatives with accurate target identification. Beta-tubulin (BT) has been used as a target for anti-Acanthamoeba (A. keratitis). In this work, therefore, a model of the BT protein of A. keratitis was constructed by homology modeling utilizing the amino acid sequence from NCBI (GenBank: JQ417907.1). Ramachandran Plot was responsible for validating the protein PDB. The verified BT PDB was used for docking with the specified ligand. Based on an improved docking score compared to alpha-mangostin (AM), two modified compounds were identified: 1,6-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-2,8-bis(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)-9H-xanthen-9-one (C1) and 1,6-dihydroxy-2,8-bis(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)-9H-xanthen-9-one (C2). In addition, molecular dynamics simulations were conducted to analyze the interaction characteristics of the two bound BT–new compound complexes. During simulations, the TRP9, ARG50, VAL52, and GLN122 residues of BT-C1 that align to the identical residues in BT-AM generate consistent hydrogen bond interactions with 0–3 and 0–2. However, the BT-C2 complex has a different binding site, TYR 258, ILE 281, and SER 302, and can form more hydrogen bonds in the range 0–4. Therefore, this study reveals that C1 and C2 inhibit BT as an additive or synergistic effect; however, further in vitro and in vivo studies are needed.
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Mühlethaler T, Milanos L, Ortega JA, Blum TB, Gioia D, Roy B, Prota AE, Cavalli A, Steinmetz MO. Rational Design of a Novel Tubulin Inhibitor with a Unique Mechanism of Action. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202204052. [PMID: 35404502 PMCID: PMC9324959 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202204052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we capitalized on our previously performed crystallographic fragment screen and developed the antitubulin small molecule Todalam with only two rounds of straightforward chemical synthesis. Todalam binds to a novel tubulin site, disrupts microtubule networks in cells, arrests cells in G2/M, induces cell death, and synergizes with vinblastine. The compound destabilizes microtubules by acting as a molecular plug that sterically inhibits the curved‐to‐straight conformational switch in the α‐tubulin subunit, and by sequestering tubulin dimers into assembly incompetent oligomers. Our results describe for the first time the generation of a fully rationally designed small molecule tubulin inhibitor from a fragment, which displays a unique molecular mechanism of action. They thus demonstrate the usefulness of tubulin‐binding fragments as valuable starting points for innovative antitubulin drug and chemical probe discovery campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Mühlethaler
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Department of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Lampros Milanos
- Computational & Chemical Biology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163, Genova, Italy
| | - Jose Antonio Ortega
- Computational & Chemical Biology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163, Genova, Italy
| | - Thorsten B Blum
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Department of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Dario Gioia
- Computational & Chemical Biology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163, Genova, Italy
| | - Bibhas Roy
- Laboratory of Nanoscale Biology, Department of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Andrea E Prota
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Department of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Cavalli
- Computational & Chemical Biology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163, Genova, Italy.,Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, via Belmeloro 6, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Michel O Steinmetz
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Department of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Biozentrum, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
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10
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Mühlethaler T, Milanos L, Ortega JA, Blum TB, Gioia D, Roy B, Prota AE, Cavalli A, Steinmetz MO. Rational Design of a Novel Tubulin Inhibitor with a Unique Mechanism of Action. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202204052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Mühlethaler
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research Department of Biology and Chemistry Paul Scherrer Institut 5232 Villigen PSI Switzerland
| | - Lampros Milanos
- Computational & Chemical Biology Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia via Morego 30 16163 Genova Italy
| | - Jose Antonio Ortega
- Computational & Chemical Biology Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia via Morego 30 16163 Genova Italy
| | - Thorsten B. Blum
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research Department of Biology and Chemistry Paul Scherrer Institut 5232 Villigen PSI Switzerland
| | - Dario Gioia
- Computational & Chemical Biology Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia via Morego 30 16163 Genova Italy
| | - Bibhas Roy
- Laboratory of Nanoscale Biology Department of Biology and Chemistry Paul Scherrer Institut 5232 Villigen PSI Switzerland
| | - Andrea E. Prota
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research Department of Biology and Chemistry Paul Scherrer Institut 5232 Villigen PSI Switzerland
| | - Andrea Cavalli
- Computational & Chemical Biology Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia via Morego 30 16163 Genova Italy
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna via Belmeloro 6 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Michel O. Steinmetz
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research Department of Biology and Chemistry Paul Scherrer Institut 5232 Villigen PSI Switzerland
- University of Basel, Biozentrum 4056 Basel Switzerland
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11
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Morphological profiling by means of the Cell Painting assay enables identification of tubulin-targeting compounds. Cell Chem Biol 2021; 29:1053-1064.e3. [PMID: 34968420 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2021.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In phenotypic compound discovery, conclusive identification of cellular targets and mode of action are often impaired by off-target binding. In particular, microtubules are frequently targeted in cellular assays. However, in vitro tubulin binding assays do not correctly reflect the cellular context, and conclusive high-throughput phenotypic assays monitoring tubulin binding are scarce, such that tubulin binding is rarely identified. We report that morphological profiling using the Cell Painting assay (CPA) can efficiently detect tubulin modulators in compound collections with a high throughput, including annotated reference compounds and unannotated compound classes with unrelated chemotypes and scaffolds. Small-molecule tubulin binders share similar CPA fingerprints, which enables prediction and experimental validation of microtubule-binding activity. Our findings suggest that CPA or a related morphological profiling approach will be an invaluable addition to small-molecule discovery programs in chemical biology and medicinal chemistry, enabling early identification of one of the most frequently observed off-target activities.
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12
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Sirakanyan S, Arabyan E, Hakobyan A, Hakobyan T, Chilingaryan G, Sahakyan H, Sargsyan A, Arakelov G, Nazaryan K, Izmailyan R, Abroyan L, Karalyan Z, Arakelova E, Hakobyan E, Hovakimyan A, Serobian A, Neves M, Ferreira J, Ferreira F, Zakaryan H. A new microtubule-stabilizing agent shows potent antiviral effects against African swine fever virus with no cytotoxicity. Emerg Microbes Infect 2021; 10:783-796. [PMID: 33706677 PMCID: PMC8079068 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2021.1902751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) is the causal agent of a fatal disease of domestic swine for which no effective antiviral drugs are available. Recently, it has been shown that microtubule-targeting agents hamper the infection cycle of different viruses. In this study, we conducted in silico screening against the colchicine binding site (CBS) of tubulin and found three new compounds with anti-ASFV activity. The most promising antiviral compound (6b) reduced ASFV replication in a dose-dependent manner (IC50 = 19.5 μM) with no cellular (CC50 > 500 μM) and animal toxicity (up to 100 mg/kg). Results also revealed that compound 6b interfered with ASFV attachment, internalization and egress, with time-of-addition assays, showing that compound 6b has higher antiviral effects when added within 2-8 h post-infection. This compound significantly inhibited viral DNA replication and disrupted viral protein synthesis. Experiments with ASFV-infected porcine macrophages disclosed that antiviral effects of the compound 6b were similar to its effects in Vero cells. Tubulin polymerization assay and confocal microscopy demonstrated that compound 6b promoted tubulin polymerization, acting as a microtubule-stabilizing, rather than a destabilizing agent in cells. In conclusion, this work emphasizes the idea that microtubules can be targets for drug development against ASFV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samvel Sirakanyan
- Scientific Technological Center of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry of NAS, Institute of Fine Organic Chemistry of A.L. Mnjoyan, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Erik Arabyan
- Group of Antiviral Defense Mechanisms, Institute of Molecular Biology of NAS, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Astghik Hakobyan
- Group of Antiviral Defense Mechanisms, Institute of Molecular Biology of NAS, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Tamara Hakobyan
- Group of Antiviral Defense Mechanisms, Institute of Molecular Biology of NAS, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Garri Chilingaryan
- Group of Antiviral Defense Mechanisms, Institute of Molecular Biology of NAS, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Harutyun Sahakyan
- Group of Antiviral Defense Mechanisms, Institute of Molecular Biology of NAS, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Arsen Sargsyan
- Group of Antiviral Defense Mechanisms, Institute of Molecular Biology of NAS, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Grigor Arakelov
- Group of Antiviral Defense Mechanisms, Institute of Molecular Biology of NAS, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Karen Nazaryan
- Group of Antiviral Defense Mechanisms, Institute of Molecular Biology of NAS, Yerevan, Armenia
- Russian-Armenian University, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Roza Izmailyan
- Group of Antiviral Defense Mechanisms, Institute of Molecular Biology of NAS, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Liana Abroyan
- Group of Antiviral Defense Mechanisms, Institute of Molecular Biology of NAS, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Zaven Karalyan
- Group of Antiviral Defense Mechanisms, Institute of Molecular Biology of NAS, Yerevan, Armenia
- Department of Medical Biology, Yerevan State Medical University, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Elina Arakelova
- Group of Antiviral Defense Mechanisms, Institute of Molecular Biology of NAS, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Elmira Hakobyan
- Scientific Technological Center of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry of NAS, Institute of Fine Organic Chemistry of A.L. Mnjoyan, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Anush Hovakimyan
- Scientific Technological Center of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry of NAS, Institute of Fine Organic Chemistry of A.L. Mnjoyan, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Andre Serobian
- Advanced Solutions Center, Foundation for Armenian Science and Technology, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Marco Neves
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João Ferreira
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Fernando Ferreira
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Hovakim Zakaryan
- Group of Antiviral Defense Mechanisms, Institute of Molecular Biology of NAS, Yerevan, Armenia
- Denovo Sciences, Yerevan, Armenia
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13
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Wordeman L, Vicente JJ. Microtubule Targeting Agents in Disease: Classic Drugs, Novel Roles. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13225650. [PMID: 34830812 PMCID: PMC8616087 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubule-targeting agents (MTAs) represent one of the most successful first-line therapies prescribed for cancer treatment. They interfere with microtubule (MT) dynamics by either stabilizing or destabilizing MTs, and in culture, they are believed to kill cells via apoptosis after eliciting mitotic arrest, among other mechanisms. This classical view of MTA therapies persisted for many years. However, the limited success of drugs specifically targeting mitotic proteins, and the slow growing rate of most human tumors forces a reevaluation of the mechanism of action of MTAs. Studies from the last decade suggest that the killing efficiency of MTAs arises from a combination of interphase and mitotic effects. Moreover, MTs have also been implicated in other therapeutically relevant activities, such as decreasing angiogenesis, blocking cell migration, reducing metastasis, and activating innate immunity to promote proinflammatory responses. Two key problems associated with MTA therapy are acquired drug resistance and systemic toxicity. Accordingly, novel and effective MTAs are being designed with an eye toward reducing toxicity without compromising efficacy or promoting resistance. Here, we will review the mechanism of action of MTAs, the signaling pathways they affect, their impact on cancer and other illnesses, and the promising new therapeutic applications of these classic drugs.
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14
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Borrego-Muñoz P, Ospina F, Quiroga D. A Compendium of the Most Promising Synthesized Organic Compounds against Several Fusarium oxysporum Species: Synthesis, Antifungal Activity, and Perspectives. Molecules 2021; 26:3997. [PMID: 34208916 PMCID: PMC8271819 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular wilt caused by F. oxysporum (FOX) is one of the main limitations of producing several agricultural products worldwide, causing economic losses between 40% and 100%. Various methods have been developed to control this phytopathogen, such as the cultural, biological, and chemical controls, the latter being the most widely used in the agricultural sector. The treatment of this fungus through systemic fungicides, although practical, brings problems because the agrochemical agents used have shown mutagenic effects on the fungus, increasing the pathogen's resistance. The design and the synthesis of novel synthetic antifungal agents used against FOX have been broadly studied in recent years. This review article presents a compendium of the synthetic methodologies during the last ten years as promissory, which can be used to afford novel and potential agrochemical agents. The revision is addressed from the structural core of the most active synthetic compounds against FOX. The synthetic methodologies implemented strategies based on cyclo condensation reactions, radical cyclization, electrocyclic closures, and carbon-carbon couplings by metal-organic catalysis. This revision contributes significantly to the organic chemistry, supplying novel alternatives for the use of more effective agrochemical agents against F. oxysporum.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Diego Quiroga
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Campus Nueva Granada, Universidad Militar, Nueva Granada, Cajicá 250247, Colombia; (P.B.-M.); (F.O.)
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15
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Emery-Corbin SJ, Su Q, Tichkule S, Baker L, Lacey E, Jex AR. In vitro selection of Giardia duodenalis for Albendazole resistance identifies a β-tubulin mutation at amino acid E198K. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY-DRUGS AND DRUG RESISTANCE 2021; 16:162-173. [PMID: 34237690 PMCID: PMC8267433 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2021.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Benzimidazole-2-carbamate (BZ) compounds, including Albendazole (Alb), are one of just two drug classes approved to treat the gastrointestinal protist Giardia duodenalis. Benzimidazoles bind to the tubulin dimer interface overlapping the colchicine binding site (CBS) of β-tubulin, thereby inhibiting microtubule polymerisation and disrupting microtubule networks. These BZ compounds are widely used as anthelmintic, anti-fungal and anti-giardial drugs. However, in helminths and fungi, BZ-resistance is widespread and caused by specific point mutations primarily occurring at F167, E198 and F200 in β-tubulin isoform 1. BZ-resistance in Giardia is reported clinically and readily generated in vitro, with significant implications for Giardia control. In Giardia, BZ mode of action (MOA) and resistance mechanisms are presumed but not proven, and no mutations in β-tubulin have been reported in association with Alb resistance (AlbR). Herein, we undertook detailed in vitro drug-susceptibility screens of 13 BZ compounds and 7 Alb structural analogues in isogenic G. duodenalis isolates selected for AlbR and podophyllotoxin, another β-tubulin inhibitor, as well as explored cross-resistance to structurally unrelated, metronidazole (Mtz). AlbR lines exhibited co-resistance to many structural variants in the BZ-pharmacophore, and cross-resistance to podophyllotoxin. AlbR lines were not cross-resistant to Mtz, but MtzR lines had enhanced survival in Alb. Lastly, Alb analogues with longer thioether substituents had decreased potency against our AlbR lines. In silico modelling indicated the Alb-β-tubulin interaction in Giardia partially overlaps the CBS and corresponds to residues associated with BZ-resistance in helminths and fungi (F167, E198, F200). Sequencing of Giardia β-tubulin identified a single nucleotide polymorphism resulting in a mutation from glutamic acid to lysine at amino acid 198 (E198K). To our knowledge, this is the first β-tubulin mutation reported for protistan BZ-resistance. This study provides insight into BZ mode of action and resistance in Giardia, and presents a potential avenue for a genetic test for clinically resistance isolates. In vitro albendazole-resistant Giardia were broadly resistant to benzimidazole-2-carbamates. Cross-resistance to structurally unrelated microtubule inhibitors was observed. The predicted Giardia benzimidazole binding overlaps the colchicine binding site. The E198K β-tubulin mutation was identified in the albendazole-resistant line. Metronidazole-resistance may enhance acquisition of albendazole-resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha J Emery-Corbin
- Population Health and Immunity Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
| | - Qiao Su
- Population Health and Immunity Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Swapnil Tichkule
- Population Health and Immunity Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Louise Baker
- Population Health and Immunity Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Ernest Lacey
- Microbial Screening Technologies, Smithfield, NSW, Australia; Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
| | - Aaron R Jex
- Population Health and Immunity Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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16
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Monti L, Cornec AS, Oukoloff K, Kovalevich J, Prijs K, Alle T, Brunden KR, Smith AB, El-Sakkary N, Liu LJ, Syed A, Skinner DE, Ballatore C, Caffrey CR. Congeners Derived from Microtubule-Active Phenylpyrimidines Produce a Potent and Long-Lasting Paralysis of Schistosoma mansoni In Vitro. ACS Infect Dis 2021; 7:1089-1103. [PMID: 33135408 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.0c00508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease that affects approximately 200 million people in developing countries. Current treatment relies on just one partially effective drug, and new drugs are needed. Tubulin and microtubules (MTs) are essential constituents of the cytoskeleton in all eukaryotic cells and considered potential drug targets to treat parasitic infections. The α- and β-tubulin of Schistosoma mansoni have ∼96% and ∼91% sequence identity to their respective human tubulins, suggesting that compounds which bind mammalian tubulin may interfere with MT-mediated functions in the parasite. To explore the potential of different classes of tubulin-binding molecules as antischistosomal leads, we completed a series of in vitro whole-organism screens of a target-based compound library against S. mansoni adults and somules (postinfective larvae), and identified multiple biologically active compounds, among which phenylpyrimidines were the most promising. Further structure-activity relationship studies of these hits identified a series of thiophen-2-yl-pyrimidine congeners, which induce a potent and long-lasting paralysis of the parasite. Moreover, compared to the originating compounds, which showed cytotoxicity values in the low nanomolar range, these new derivatives were 1-4 orders of magnitude less cytotoxic and exhibited weak or undetectable activity against mammalian MTs in a cell-based assay of MT stabilization. Given their selective antischistosomal activity and relatively simple drug-like structures, these molecules hold promise as candidates for the development of new treatments for schistosomiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovica Monti
- Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases (CDIPD), Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Anne-Sophie Cornec
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th St., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Killian Oukoloff
- Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases (CDIPD), Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Jane Kovalevich
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3600 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Kristen Prijs
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3600 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Thibault Alle
- Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases (CDIPD), Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Kurt R. Brunden
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3600 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Amos B. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th St., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Nelly El-Sakkary
- Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases (CDIPD), Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Lawrence J. Liu
- Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases (CDIPD), Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Ali Syed
- Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases (CDIPD), Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Danielle E. Skinner
- Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases (CDIPD), Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Carlo Ballatore
- Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases (CDIPD), Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Conor R. Caffrey
- Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases (CDIPD), Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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17
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Herrera-Vázquez FS, Matadamas-Martínez F, Aguayo-Ortiz R, Dominguez L, Ramírez-Apan T, Yépez-Mulia L, Hernández-Luis F. Design, Synthesis and Evaluation of 2,4-Diaminoquinazoline Derivatives as Potential Tubulin Polymerization Inhibitors. ChemMedChem 2020; 15:1802-1812. [PMID: 32686342 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Microtubules are highly dynamic polymers composed of α- and β-tubulin proteins that have been shown to be potential therapeutic targets for the development of anticancer drugs. Currently, a wide variety of chemically diverse agents that bind to β-tubulin have been reported. Nocodazole (NZ) and colchicine (COL) are well-known tubulin-depolymerizing agents that have close binding sites in the β-tubulin. In this study, we designed and synthesized a set of nine 2,4-diaminoquinazoline derivatives that could occupy both NZ and COL binding sites. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their antiproliferative activities against five cancer cell lines (PC-3, HCT-15, MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, and SK-LU-1), a noncancerous one (COS-7), and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). The effect of compounds 4 e and 4 i on tubulin organization and polymerization was analyzed on the SK-LU-1 cell line by indirect immunofluorescence, western blotting, and tubulin polymerization assays. Our results demonstrated that both compounds exert their antiproliferative activity by inhibiting tubulin polymerization. Finally, a possible binding pose of 4 i in the NZ/COL binding site was determined by using molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) approaches. To our knowledge, this is the first report of non-N-substituted 2,4-diaminoquinazoline derivatives with the ability to inhibit tubulin polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frida S Herrera-Vázquez
- Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico
| | - Félix Matadamas-Martínez
- Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico.,Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad-Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, 06720, Mexico
| | - Rodrigo Aguayo-Ortiz
- Departamento de Fisicoquímica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Laura Dominguez
- Departamento de Fisicoquímica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico
| | - Teresa Ramírez-Apan
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico
| | - Lilián Yépez-Mulia
- Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad-Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, 06720, Mexico
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Čermák V, Dostál V, Jelínek M, Libusová L, Kovář J, Rösel D, Brábek J. Microtubule-targeting agents and their impact on cancer treatment. Eur J Cell Biol 2020; 99:151075. [PMID: 32414588 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2020.151075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Microtubule-targeting agents (MTAs) constitute a diverse group of chemical compounds that bind to microtubules and affect their properties and function. Disruption of microtubules induces various cellular responses often leading to cell cycle arrest or cell death, the most common effect of MTAs. MTAs have found a plethora of practical applications in weed control, as fungicides and antiparasitics, and particularly in cancer treatment. Here we summarize the current knowledge of MTAs, the mechanisms of action and their role in cancer treatment. We further outline the potential use of MTAs in anti-metastatic therapy based on inhibition of cancer cell migration and invasiveness. The two main problems associated with cancer therapy by MTAs are high systemic toxicity and development of resistance. Toxic side effects of MTAs can be, at least partly, eliminated by conjugation of the drugs with various carriers. Moreover, some of the novel MTAs overcome the resistance mediated by both multidrug resistance transporters as well as overexpression of specific β-tubulin types. In anti-metastatic therapy, MTAs should be combined with other drugs to target all modes of cancer cell invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimír Čermák
- Department of Cell Biology, Charles University, Viničná 7, 12843 Prague, Czech Republic; Biotechnology and Biomedicine Centre of the Academy of Sciences and Charles University (BIOCEV), Průmyslová 595, 25242 Vestec u Prahy, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtěch Dostál
- Department of Cell Biology, Charles University, Viničná 7, 12843 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michael Jelínek
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology & Center for Research of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Libusová
- Department of Cell Biology, Charles University, Viničná 7, 12843 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kovář
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology & Center for Research of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Rösel
- Department of Cell Biology, Charles University, Viničná 7, 12843 Prague, Czech Republic; Biotechnology and Biomedicine Centre of the Academy of Sciences and Charles University (BIOCEV), Průmyslová 595, 25242 Vestec u Prahy, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Brábek
- Department of Cell Biology, Charles University, Viničná 7, 12843 Prague, Czech Republic; Biotechnology and Biomedicine Centre of the Academy of Sciences and Charles University (BIOCEV), Průmyslová 595, 25242 Vestec u Prahy, Czech Republic.
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Identification of Off-Patent Drugs That Show Synergism with Amphotericin B or That Present Antifungal Action against Cryptococcus neoformans and Candida spp. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2020; 64:AAC.01921-19. [PMID: 31988099 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01921-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amphotericin B (AmB) is the antifungal with the strongest fungicidal activity, but its use has several limitations, mainly associated with its toxicity. Although some lipidic and liposomal formulations that present reduced toxicity are available, their price limits their application in developing countries. Flucytosine (5FC) has shown synergistic effect with AmB for treatment of some fungal infections, such as cryptococcosis, but again, its price is a limitation for its use in many regions. In the present work, we aimed to identify new drugs that have a minor effect on Cryptococcus neoformans, reducing its growth in the presence of subinhibitory concentrations of AmB. In the initial screening, we found fourteen drugs that had this pattern. Later, checkerboard assays of selected compounds, such as erythromycin, riluzole, nortriptyline, chenodiol, nisoldipine, promazine, chlorcyclizine, cloperastine, and glimepiride, were performed and all of them confirmed for their synergistic effect (fractional inhibitory concentration index [FICI] < 0.5). Additionally, toxicity of these drugs in combination with AmB was tested in mammalian cells and in zebrafish embryos. Harmless compounds, such as the antibiotic erythromycin, were found to have synergic activity with AmB, not only against C. neoformans but also against some Candida spp., in particular against Candida albicans In parallel, we identified drugs that had antifungal activity against C. neoformans and found 43 drugs that completely inhibited the growth of this fungus, such as ciclopirox and auranofin. Our results expand our knowledge about antifungal compounds and open new perspectives in the treatment of invasive mycosis based on repurposing off-patent drugs.
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20
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Indole-derived chalcones as anti-dermatophyte agents: In vitro evaluation and in silico study. Comput Biol Chem 2019; 84:107189. [PMID: 31891900 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2019.107189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
A series of indole-derived methoxylated chalcones were described as anti-dermatophyte agents. The in vitro antifungal susceptibility testing against different dermatophytes revealed that most of compounds had potent activity against the dermatophyte strains. In particular, the 4-ethoxy derivative 4d with MIC values of 0.25-2 μg/ml was the most potent compound against Trichophyton interdigitale, Trichophyton veruccosum and Microsporum fulvum. Moreover, the 4-butoxy analog 4i displaying MIC values in the range of 1-16 μg/ml had the highest inhibitory activity against Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Microsporum canis, and Arthroderma benhamiae. To predict whether the synthesized compounds interact with tubulin binding site of dermatophytes, the 3D-structure of target protein was modeled by homology modeling and then used for molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation studies. Docking simulation revealed that the promising compound 4d can properly bind with tubulin. The molecular dynamics analysis showed that interactions of compound 4d with the active site of target protein have binding stability throughout MD simulation. The results of this study could utilize in the design of more effective antifungal drugs with tubulin inhibition mechanism against keratinophilic fungi.
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21
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The Influence of Chestnut Wood and Flubendazole on Morphology of Small Intestine and Lymphocytes of Peripheral Blood, Spleen and Jejunum in Broiler Chickens. Helminthologia 2019; 56:273-281. [PMID: 31708667 PMCID: PMC6818629 DOI: 10.2478/helm-2019-0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The study examined subpopulations of lymphocytes in peripheral blood, spleen, and jejunum including morphology of that segment in broiler chicken farm after treatment with flubendazole (Flimabend) and natural extract from chestnut wood (Farmatan). A total of 24 forty-day-old Kalimero-Super Master hybrid chickens were divided into 4 groups (n=6): the Fli group received Flimabend per os, 100 mg/g suspension in 1.43 mg of active substance/kg body weight during 7 day of experiment, Far group received Farmatan per os at 0.2 % concentration for 6 hours per day during 5 day (experimental days – from 3 to 7); the Far+Fli group received a combination of doses administered in the same way as for the first two groups; and control –C group with no active substance administration. The results demonstrated mild increase of leukocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes, leucocyte common antigen CD45, IgM+ and IgA+ cells in peripheral blood after administration of Flimabend. Similarly, subpopulations of followed lymphocytes (CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, IgM+) were increased in the jejunum after application of that drug. On the other hand, administration of Farmatan revealed opposite effect on determined immunocompetent cells what proves anti-inflammatory effect. Morphology of villi was also negatively influenced by administration of Flimabend. Administration of Farmatan suggests also its preventive administration in chickens. This tanin-containing drug as plant natural product may be used due to its antibacterial activity and as promising alternative to conventional drug with possible antihelminthic effect.
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Cob-Calan NN, Chi-Uluac LA, Ortiz-Chi F, Cerqueda-García D, Navarrete-Vázquez G, Ruiz-Sánchez E, Hernández-Núñez E. Molecular Docking and Dynamics Simulation of Protein β-Tubulin and Antifungal Cyclic Lipopeptides. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24183387. [PMID: 31540347 PMCID: PMC6767525 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24183387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
To elucidate interactions between the antifungal cyclic lipopeptides iturin A, fengycin, and surfactin produced by Bacillus bacteria and the microtubular protein β-tubulin in plant pathogenic fungi (Fusarium oxysporum, Colletrotrichum gloeosporioides, Alternaria alternata, and Fusarium solani) in molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations, we retrieved the structure of tubulin co-crystallized with taxol from the Protein Data Bank (PDB) (ID: 1JFF) and the structure of the cyclic lipopeptides from PubChem (Compound CID: 102287549, 100977820, 10129764). Similarity and homology analyses of the retrieved β-tubulin structure with those of the fungi showed that the conserved domains shared 84% similarity, and the root mean square deviation (RMSD) was less than 2 Å. In the molecular docking studies, within the binding pocket, residues Pro274, Thr276, and Glu27 of β-tubulin were responsible for the interaction with the cyclic lipopeptides. In the molecular dynamics analysis, two groups of ligands were formed based on the number of poses analyzed with respect to the RMSD. Group 1 was made up of 10, 100, and 500 poses with distances 0.080 to 0.092 nm and RMSDs of 0.10 to 0.15 nm. For group 2, consisting of 1000 poses, the initial and final distance was 0.1 nm and the RMSDs were in the range of 0.10 to 0.30 nm. These results suggest that iturin A and fengycin bind with higher affinity than surfactin to β-tubulin. These two lipopeptides may be used as lead compounds to develop new antifungal agents or employed directly as biorational products to control plant pathogenic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nubia Noemi Cob-Calan
- Tecnológico Nacional de Mexico, Instituto Tecnológico de Conkal, Conkal C.P.97345, Yucatán, Mexico.
| | - Luz America Chi-Uluac
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, CINVESTAV-IPN Unidad Mérida, Mérida C.P. 97310, Yucatán, Mexico.
| | - Filiberto Ortiz-Chi
- CONACYT-Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Centro de Investigación de Ciencia y Tecnología Aplicada de Tabasco, Cunduacán C.P.86690, Tabasco, Mexico.
| | - Daniel Cerqueda-García
- CONACYT-Departamento de Recursos del Mar, CINVESTAV-IPN Unidad Mérida, Mérida C.P.97310, Yucatán, Mexico.
| | - Gabriel Navarrete-Vázquez
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca C.P.62209, Morelos, Mexico.
| | - Esaú Ruiz-Sánchez
- Tecnológico Nacional de Mexico, Instituto Tecnológico de Conkal, Conkal C.P.97345, Yucatán, Mexico.
| | - Emanuel Hernández-Núñez
- CONACYT-Departamento de Recursos del Mar, CINVESTAV-IPN Unidad Mérida, Mérida C.P.97310, Yucatán, Mexico.
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Lee SC, Kim SH, Hoffmeister RA, Yoon MY, Kim SK. Novel Peptide-Based Inhibitors for Microtubule Polymerization in Phytophthora capsici. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20112641. [PMID: 31146360 PMCID: PMC6600545 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The plant disease Phytophthora blight, caused by the oomycete pathogen Phytophthora capsici, is responsible for major economic losses in pepper production. Microtubules have been an attractive target for many antifungal agents as they are involved in key cellular events such as cell proliferation, signaling, and migration in eukaryotic cells. In order to design a novel biocompatible inhibitor, we screened and identified inhibitory peptides against alpha- and beta-tubulin of P. capsici using a phage display method. The identified peptides displayed a higher binding affinity (nanomolar range) and improved specificity toward P. capsici alpha- and beta-tubulin in comparison to Homo sapiens tubulin as evaluated by fluorometric analysis. One peptide demonstrated the high inhibitory effect on microtubule formation with a nanomolar range of IC50 values, which were much lower than a well-known chemical inhibitor—benomyl (IC50 = 500 µM). Based on these results, this peptide can be employed to further develop promising candidates for novel antifungal agents against Phytophthora blight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Choon Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
| | - Sang-Heon Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea.
| | - Rachel A Hoffmeister
- Department of Natural Sciences, Northeastern State University, Tahlequah, OK 74464, USA.
| | - Moon-Young Yoon
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea.
| | - Sung-Kun Kim
- Department of Natural Sciences, Northeastern State University, Tahlequah, OK 74464, USA.
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Casino AD, Lukinović V, Bhatt R, Randle LE, Dascombe MJ, Fennell DBJ, Drew MGB, Bell A, Fielding AJ, Ismail FMD. Synthesis, Structural Determination, and Pharmacology of Putative Dinitroaniline Antimalarials. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201801723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessio del Casino
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular SciencesLiverpool John Moores University Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF United Kingdom
| | - Valentina Lukinović
- School of Chemistry and the Photon Science InstituteThe University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL United Kingdom
| | - Rakesh Bhatt
- Henkel Loctite Adhesives LtdKelsey House, Wood Lane End Hemel Hempstead, Herts HP2 4RQ United Kingdom
| | - Laura E. Randle
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular SciencesLiverpool John Moores University Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF United Kingdom
| | - Michael J. Dascombe
- Faculty of BiologyMedicine and HealthStopford Building The University of Manchester Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT United Kingdom
| | - Dr Brian J. Fennell
- School of Genetics and MicrobiologyMoyne InstituteTrinity College, Dublin 2 Ireland
| | - Michael G. B. Drew
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Reading, Reading, Berks, RG6 6AD United Kingdom
| | - Angus Bell
- School of Genetics and MicrobiologyMoyne InstituteTrinity College, Dublin 2 Ireland
| | - Alistair J. Fielding
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular SciencesLiverpool John Moores University Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF United Kingdom
| | - Fyaz M. D. Ismail
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular SciencesLiverpool John Moores University Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF United Kingdom
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Truong M, Monahan LG, Carter DA, Charles IG. Repurposing drugs to fast-track therapeutic agents for the treatment of cryptococcosis. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4761. [PMID: 29740519 PMCID: PMC5937474 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Many infectious diseases disproportionately affect people in the developing world. Cryptococcal meningitis is one of the most common mycoses in HIV-AIDS patients, with the highest burden of disease in sub-Saharan Africa. Current best treatment regimens still result in unacceptably high mortality rates, and more effective antifungal agents are needed urgently. Drug development is hampered by the difficulty of developing effective antifungal agents that are not also toxic to human cells, and by a reluctance among pharmaceutical companies to invest in drugs that cannot guarantee a high financial return. Drug repurposing, where existing drugs are screened for alternative activities, is becoming an attractive approach in antimicrobial discovery programs, and various compound libraries are now commercially available. As these drugs have already undergone extensive optimisation and passed regulatory hurdles this can fast-track their progress to market for new uses. This study screened the Screen-Well Enzo library of 640 compounds for candidates that phenotypically inhibited the growth of Cryptococcus deuterogattii. The anthelminthic agent flubendazole, and L-type calcium channel blockers nifedipine, nisoldipine and felodipine, appeared particularly promising and were tested in additional strains and species. Flubendazole was very active against all pathogenic Cryptococcus species, with minimum inhibitory concentrations of 0.039-0.156 μg/mL, and was equally effective against isolates that were resistant to fluconazole. While nifedipine, nisoldipine and felodipine all inhibited Cryptococcus, nisoldipine was also effective against Candida, Saccharomyces and Aspergillus. This study validates repurposing as a rapid approach for finding new agents to treat neglected infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Truong
- The ithree institute, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Leigh G Monahan
- The ithree institute, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Dee A Carter
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences and the Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ian G Charles
- The ithree institute, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
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26
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Mai LH, Chabot GG, Grellier P, Quentin L, Dumontet V, Poulain C, Espindola LS, Michel S, Vo HTB, Deguin B, Grougnet R. Antivascular and anti-parasite activities of natural and hemisynthetic flavonoids from New Caledonian Gardenia species (Rubiaceae). Eur J Med Chem 2015; 93:93-100. [PMID: 25659770 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Revised: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A series of 16 flavonoids were isolated and prepared from bud exudate of Gardenia urvillei and Gardenia oudiepe, endemic to New Caledonia. Most of them are rare polymethoxylated flavones. Some of these compounds showed noticeable activity against Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis, Plasmodium falciparum and Trypanosoma brucei gambiense, in addition to tubulin polymerization inhibition at low micromolar concentration. We also provide a full set of NMR data as some of the flavones were incompletely described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linh H Mai
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, UMR/CNRS 8638, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 4, Avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Guy G Chabot
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie Chimique, Génétique et Imagerie U1022 Inserm-UMR8151 CNRS, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 4, Avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Philippe Grellier
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, UMR 7245 CNRS, Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Micro-organismes, 61 rue Buffon, F-75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Lionel Quentin
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie Chimique, Génétique et Imagerie U1022 Inserm-UMR8151 CNRS, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 4, Avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Vincent Dumontet
- Centre de recherche de Gif, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR2301 CNRS, Avenue de la Terrasse, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Cyril Poulain
- Centre de recherche de Gif, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR2301 CNRS, Avenue de la Terrasse, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Laila S Espindola
- Laboratorio de Farmacognosia, Universidade de Brasilia, Campus Universitario Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte, 70910-900 Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | - Sylvie Michel
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, UMR/CNRS 8638, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 4, Avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Hue T B Vo
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ho Chi Minh University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 41 Dinh Tien Hoang St., District 1, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Brigitte Deguin
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, UMR/CNRS 8638, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 4, Avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Raphaël Grougnet
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, UMR/CNRS 8638, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 4, Avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France.
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27
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Shetty D, Kim YJ, Shim H, Snyder JP. Eliminating the heart from the curcumin molecule: monocarbonyl curcumin mimics (MACs). Molecules 2014; 20:249-92. [PMID: 25547726 PMCID: PMC4312668 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20010249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin is a natural product with several thousand years of heritage. Its traditional Asian application to human ailments has been subjected in recent decades to worldwide pharmacological, biochemical and clinical investigations. Curcumin’s Achilles heel lies in its poor aqueous solubility and rapid degradation at pH ~ 7.4. Researchers have sought to unlock curcumin’s assets by chemical manipulation. One class of molecules under scrutiny are the monocarbonyl analogs of curcumin (MACs). A thousand plus such agents have been created and tested primarily against cancer and inflammation. The outcome is clear. In vitro, MACs furnish a 10–20 fold potency gain vs. curcumin for numerous cancer cell lines and cellular proteins. Similarly, MACs have successfully demonstrated better pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles in mice and greater tumor regression in cancer xenografts in vivo than curcumin. The compounds reveal limited toxicity as measured by murine weight gain and histopathological assessment. To our knowledge, MAC members have not yet been monitored in larger animals or humans. However, Phase 1 clinical trials are certainly on the horizon. The present review focuses on the large and evolving body of work in cancer and inflammation, but also covers MAC structural diversity and early discovery for treatment of bacteria, tuberculosis, Alzheimer’s disease and malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Shetty
- Center for Self-assembly and Complexity, Institute for Basic Science, Pohang 790-784, Korea.
| | - Yong Joon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Hyunsuk Shim
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - James P Snyder
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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28
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Aeluri M, Chamakuri S, Dasari B, Guduru SKR, Jimmidi R, Jogula S, Arya P. Small Molecule Modulators of Protein–Protein Interactions: Selected Case Studies. Chem Rev 2014; 114:4640-94. [DOI: 10.1021/cr4004049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Madhu Aeluri
- Dr. Reddy’s Institute
of Life Sciences (DRILS), University of Hyderabad Campus Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Srinivas Chamakuri
- Dr. Reddy’s Institute
of Life Sciences (DRILS), University of Hyderabad Campus Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Bhanudas Dasari
- Dr. Reddy’s Institute
of Life Sciences (DRILS), University of Hyderabad Campus Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Shiva Krishna Reddy Guduru
- Dr. Reddy’s Institute
of Life Sciences (DRILS), University of Hyderabad Campus Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Ravikumar Jimmidi
- Dr. Reddy’s Institute
of Life Sciences (DRILS), University of Hyderabad Campus Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Srinivas Jogula
- Dr. Reddy’s Institute
of Life Sciences (DRILS), University of Hyderabad Campus Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Prabhat Arya
- Dr. Reddy’s Institute
of Life Sciences (DRILS), University of Hyderabad Campus Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, India
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29
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Wang YT, Qin YJ, Zhang YL, Li YJ, Rao B, Zhang YQ, Yang MR, Jiang AQ, Qi JL, Zhu HL. Synthesis, biological evaluation, and molecular docking studies of novel chalcone oxime derivatives as potential tubulin polymerization inhibitors. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra03803g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Compounds of novel chalcone oxime derivatives containing different substituent groups were designed, synthesized and evaluated for the inhibitory activity against tubulin polymerization and cancer cell inhibitory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
- School of Life Sciences
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Juan Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
- School of Life Sciences
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Liang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
- School of Life Sciences
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
- School of Life Sciences
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Bing Rao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
- School of Life Sciences
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Qing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
- School of Life Sciences
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Meng-Ru Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
- School of Life Sciences
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Ai-Qin Jiang
- School of Medicine
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Liang Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
- School of Life Sciences
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Liang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
- School of Life Sciences
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
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30
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Mara C, Dempsey E, Bell A, Barlow JW. Synthesis and evaluation of phenoxyoxazaphospholidine, phenoxyoxazaphosphinane, and benzodioxaphosphininamine sulfides and related compounds as potential anti-malarial agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:3580-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Revised: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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31
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Dempsey E, Prudêncio M, Fennell BJ, Gomes-Santos CS, Barlow JW, Bell A. Antimitotic herbicides bind to an unidentified site on malarial parasite tubulin and block development of liver-stage Plasmodium parasites. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2013; 188:116-27. [PMID: 23523992 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2013.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Revised: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Malarial parasites are exquisitely susceptible to a number of microtubule inhibitors but most of these compounds also affect human microtubules. Herbicides of the dinitroaniline and phosphorothioamidate classes however affect some plant and protozoal cells but not mammalian ones. We have previously shown that these herbicides block schizogony in erythrocytic parasites of the most lethal human malaria, Plasmodium falciparum, disrupt their mitotic spindles, and bind selectively to parasite tubulin. Here we show for the first time that the antimitotic herbicides also block the development of malarial parasites in the liver stage. Structure-based design of novel antimalarial agents binding to tubulin at the herbicide site, which presumably exists on (some) parasite and plant tubulins but not mammalian ones, can therefore constitute an important transmission blocking approach. The nature of this binding site is controversial, with three overlapping but non-identical locations on α-tubulin proposed in the literature. We tested the validity of the three sites by (i) using site-directed mutagenesis to introduce six amino acid changes designed to occlude them, (ii) producing the resulting tubulins recombinantly in Escherichia coli and (iii) measuring the affinity of the herbicides amiprophosmethyl and oryzalin for these proteins in comparison with wild-type tubulins by fluorescence quenching. The changes had little or no effect, with dissociation constants (Kd) no more than 1.3-fold (amiprophosmethyl) or 1.6-fold (oryzalin) higher than wild-type. We conclude that the herbicides impair Plasmodium liver stage as well as blood stage development but that the location of their binding site on malarial parasite tubulin remains to be proven.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enda Dempsey
- Department of Microbiology, School of Genetics & Microbiology, Moyne Institute of Preventive Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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32
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Rai A, Surolia A, Panda D. An antitubulin agent BCFMT inhibits proliferation of cancer cells and induces cell death by inhibiting microtubule dynamics. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44311. [PMID: 22952952 PMCID: PMC3432122 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Using cell based screening assay, we identified a novel anti-tubulin agent (Z)-5-((5-(4-bromo-3-chlorophenyl)furan-2-yl)methylene)-2-thioxothiazolidin-4-one (BCFMT) that inhibited proliferation of human cervical carcinoma (HeLa) (IC50, 7.2±1.8 µM), human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) (IC50, 10.0±0.5 µM), highly metastatic breast adenocarcinoma (MDA-MB-231) (IC50, 6.0±1 µM), cisplatin-resistant human ovarian carcinoma (A2780-cis) (IC50, 5.8±0.3 µM) and multi-drug resistant mouse mammary tumor (EMT6/AR1) (IC50, 6.5±1µM) cells. Using several complimentary strategies, BCFMT was found to inhibit cancer cell proliferation at G2/M phase of the cell cycle apparently by targeting microtubules. In addition, BCFMT strongly suppressed the dynamics of individual microtubules in live MCF-7 cells. At its half maximal proliferation inhibitory concentration (10 µM), BCFMT reduced the rates of growing and shortening phases of microtubules in MCF-7 cells by 37 and 40%, respectively. Further, it increased the time microtubules spent in the pause (neither growing nor shortening detectably) state by 135% and reduced the dynamicity (dimer exchange per unit time) of microtubules by 70%. In vitro, BCFMT bound to tubulin with a dissociation constant of 8.3±1.8 µM, inhibited tubulin assembly and suppressed GTPase activity of microtubules. BCFMT competitively inhibited the binding of BODIPY FL-vinblastine to tubulin with an inhibitory concentration (Ki) of 5.2±1.5 µM suggesting that it binds to tubulin at the vinblastine site. In cultured cells, BCFMT-treatment depolymerized interphase microtubules, perturbed the spindle organization and accumulated checkpoint proteins (BubR1 and Mad2) at the kinetochores. BCFMT-treated MCF-7 cells showed enhanced nuclear accumulation of p53 and its downstream p21, which consequently activated apoptosis in these cells. The results suggested that BCFMT inhibits proliferation of several types of cancer cells including drug resistance cells by suppressing microtubule dynamics and indicated that the compound may have chemotherapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Rai
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Avadhesha Surolia
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
- * E-mail: (DP); (AS)
| | - Dulal Panda
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- * E-mail: (DP); (AS)
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