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Wang HL, Li JN, Kan WJ, Xu GY, Luo GH, Song N, Wu WB, Feng B, Fu JF, Tu YT, Liu MM, Xu R, Zhou YB, Wei G, Li J. Chloroquine enhances the efficacy of chemotherapy drugs against acute myeloid leukemia by inactivating the autophagy pathway. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2023; 44:2296-2306. [PMID: 37316630 PMCID: PMC10618541 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-023-01112-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Current therapy for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is largely hindered by the development of drug resistance of commonly used chemotherapy drugs, including cytarabine, daunorubicin, and idarubicin. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying the chemotherapy drug resistance and potential strategy to improve the efficacy of these drugs against AML. By analyzing data from ex vivo drug-response and multi-omics profiling public data for AML, we identified autophagy activation as a potential target in chemotherapy-resistant patients. In THP-1 and MV-4-11 cell lines, knockdown of autophagy-regulated genes ATG5 or MAP1LC3B significantly enhanced AML cell sensitivity to the chemotherapy drugs cytarabine, daunorubicin, and idarubicin. In silico screening, we found that chloroquine phosphate mimicked autophagy inactivation. We showed that chloroquine phosphate dose-dependently down-regulated the autophagy pathway in MV-4-11 cells. Furthermore, chloroquine phosphate exerted a synergistic antitumor effect with the chemotherapy drugs in vitro and in vivo. These results highlight autophagy activation as a drug resistance mechanism and the combination therapy of chloroquine phosphate and chemotherapy drugs can enhance anti-AML efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Lin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 210023, China
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jia-Nan Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Wei-Juan Kan
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Gao-Ya Xu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Guang-Hao Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Ning Song
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Wen-Biao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Bo Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Jing-Feng Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yu-Tong Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Min-Min Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Ran Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yu-Bo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan, 528400, China.
| | - Gang Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 210023, China.
| | - Jia Li
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 210023, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310000, China.
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan, 528400, China.
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Li X, Guan Z, Liu Q, Yang W, Huang J, Yuan M, Yu J. Treatment of condylomata acuminata caused by low-risk human papillomavirus with chloroquine phosphate gel. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1171550. [PMID: 37188086 PMCID: PMC10175579 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1171550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To observe the stability and therapeutic effect of chloroquine phosphate gel on human condylomata acuminata (CA) caused by low-risk human papillomavirus (HPV). Methods The appearance, viscosity, pH, chloroquine concentration, deethylchloroquine concentration and content uniformity of chloroquine phosphate gel were examined for 24 months, the gel met the quality standards throughout the 24-month observation. A nude mouse model harboring CA xenografts was used to observe the therapeutic effect of this gel on CA in vivo. Results After 14 days of gel administration, compared with the control group, the treatment group had significantly smaller warts and significantly reduced DNA copy numbers of HPV6 and HPV11 in the wart tissues. Immunohistochemistry analysis of p53 protein expression in the wart tissues of the treatment group was significantly increased. Conclusion Chloroquine phosphate gel was stable and effective against CA, possibly through the promotion of p53 protein expression to induce apoptosis, leading to the involution of warts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangling Li
- Key Laboratory of Basic Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhisheng Guan
- Guangzhou Hybribio Biotechnology Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Guangzhou Hybribio Biotechnology Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Guangdong Lewwin Pharmaceutical Research Institute Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Manli Yuan
- Guangzhou Hybribio Biotechnology Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Junlong Yu
- School of Basic Medicine, Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- *Correspondence: Junlong Yu,
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Niemann B, Puleo A, Stout C, Markel J, Boone BA. Biologic Functions of Hydroxychloroquine in Disease: From COVID-19 to Cancer. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14122551. [PMID: 36559044 PMCID: PMC9787624 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Chloroquine (CQ) and Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), initially utilized in the treatment of malaria, have now developed a long list of applications. Despite their clinical relevance, their mechanisms of action are not clearly defined. Major pathways by which these agents are proposed to function include alkalinization of lysosomes and endosomes, downregulation of C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) expression, high-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) inhibition, alteration of intracellular calcium, and prevention of thrombus formation. However, there is conflicting data present in the literature. This is likely the result of the complex overlapping pathways between these mechanisms of action that have not previously been highlighted. In fact, prior research has focused on very specific portions of particular pathways without describing these in the context of the extensive CQ/HCQ literature. This review summarizes the detailed data regarding CQ/HCQ's mechanisms of action while also providing insight into the overarching themes. Furthermore, this review provides clinical context to the application of these diverse drugs including their role in malaria, autoimmune disorders, cardiovascular disease, thrombus formation, malignancies, and viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britney Niemann
- Department of Surgery, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-304-293-1254
| | - Amanda Puleo
- Department of Surgery, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Conley Stout
- Department of Surgery, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Justin Markel
- Department of Surgery, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Brian A. Boone
- Department of Surgery, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
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Degan S, May BL, Jin YJ, Hammouda MB, Sun H, Zhang G, Wang Y, Erdmann D, Warren W, Zhang JY. Co-Treatment of Chloroquine and Trametinib Inhibits Melanoma Cell Proliferation and Decreases Immune Cell Infiltration. Front Oncol 2022; 12:782877. [PMID: 35847840 PMCID: PMC9282877 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.782877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is characterized as a cytoprotective process and inhibition of autophagy with medicinally active agents, such as chloroquine (CQ) is proposed as a prospective adjuvant therapy for cancer. Here, we examined the preclinical effects of CQ combined with the MEK inhibitor trametinib (TRA) on melanoma. We found that cotreatment of CQ and TRA markedly slowed melanoma growth induced in Tyr-CreER.BrafCa.Ptenfl/fl mice. Immunostaining showed that trametinib decreased Ki-67+ proliferating cells, and increased TUNEL+ apoptotic cells. The combo treatment induced a further decrease of Ki-67+ proliferating cells. Consistent with the in vivo findings, CQ and TRA inhibited melanoma cell proliferation in vitro, which was correlated by decreased cyclin D1 expression. In addition, we found that tissues treated with CQ and TRA had significantly decreased numbers of CD4+ and CD8+ T-lymphocytes and F4/80+ macrophages. Together, these results indicate that cotreatment of CQ and TRA decreases cancer cell proliferation, but also dampens immune cell infiltration. Further study is warranted to understand whether CQ-induced immune suppression inadvertently affects therapeutic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Degan
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Brian L. May
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Yingai J. Jin
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Manel Ben Hammouda
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Huiying Sun
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Guoqiang Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Detlev Erdmann
- Division of Plastic, Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Warren Warren
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Jennifer Y. Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
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Physiologically-Based Pharmacokinetics Modeling for Hydroxychloroquine as a Treatment for Malaria and Optimized Dosing Regimens for Different Populations. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12050796. [PMID: 35629219 PMCID: PMC9144775 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12050796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria is a severe parasite infectious disease with high fatality. As one of the approved treatments of this disease, hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) lacks clinical administration guidelines for patients with special health conditions and co-morbidities. This may result in improper dosing for different populations and lead them to suffer from severe side effects. One of the most important toxicities of HCQ overdose is cardiotoxicity. In this study, we built and validated a physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling (PBPK) model for HCQ. With the full-PBPK model, we predicted the pharmacokinetic (PK) profile for malaria patients without other co-morbidities under the HCQ dosing regimen suggested by Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guidance. The PK profiles for different special populations were also predicted and compared to the normal population. Moreover, we proposed a series of adjusted dosing regimens for different populations with special health conditions and predicted the concentration-time (C-T) curve of the drug plasma concentration in these populations which include the pregnant population, elderly population, RA patients, and renal impairment populations. The recommended special population-dependent dosage regimens can maintain the similar drug levels observed in the virtual healthy population under the original dosing regimen provided by FDA. Last, we developed mathematic formulas for predicting dosage based on a patient’s body measurements and two indexes of renal function (glomerular filtration rate and serum creatine level) for the pediatric and morbidly obese populations. Those formulas can facilitate personalized treatment of this disease. We hope to provide some advice to clinical practice when taking HCQ as a treatment for malaria patients with special health conditions or co-morbidities so that they will not suffer from severe side effects due to higher drug plasma concentration, especially cardiotoxicity.
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Li J, Long J, Zhang J, Liu N, Yan B, Tang L, Chen X, Peng C. Novel chloroquine derivative suppresses melanoma cell growth by DNA damage through increasing ROS levels. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:2579-2593. [PMID: 35332658 PMCID: PMC9077290 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is a fatal cancer with a significant feature of resistance to traditional chemotherapeutic drugs and radiotherapy. A mutation in the kinase BRAF is observed in more than 66% of metastatic melanoma cases. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new BRAF-mutant melanoma inhibitors. High-dose chloroquine has been reported to have antitumour effects, but it often induces dose-limiting toxicity. In this study, a series of chloroquine derivatives were synthesized, and lj-2-66 had the best activity and was selected for further investigation. Furthermore, the anti-BRAF-mutant melanoma effect and mechanism of this compound were explored. CCK-8 and colony formation assays indicated that lj-2-66 significantly inhibited the proliferation of BRAF-mutant melanoma cells. Flow cytometry revealed that lj-2-66 induced G2/M arrest in melanoma cells and promoted apoptosis. Furthermore, lj-2-66 increased the level of ROS in melanoma cells and induced DNA damage. Interestingly, lj-2-66 also played a similar role in BRAF inhibitor-resistant melanoma cells. In summary, we found a novel chloroquine derivative, lj-2-66, that increased the level of ROS in melanoma cells and induced DNA damage, thus leading to G2/M arrest and apoptosis. These findings indicated that lj-2-66 may become a potential therapeutic drug for melanoma harbouring BRAF mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaoduan Li
- Department of DermatologyXiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaChina
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and PsoriasisXiangya HospitalChangshaChina
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and DiseaseXiangya HospitalChangshaChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DisordersXiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Jing Long
- Department of DermatologyXiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaChina
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and PsoriasisXiangya HospitalChangshaChina
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and DiseaseXiangya HospitalChangshaChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DisordersXiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Jianglin Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated HospitalSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenChina
| | - Nian Liu
- Department of DermatologyXiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaChina
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and PsoriasisXiangya HospitalChangshaChina
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and DiseaseXiangya HospitalChangshaChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DisordersXiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Bei Yan
- Department of DermatologyXiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaChina
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and PsoriasisXiangya HospitalChangshaChina
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and DiseaseXiangya HospitalChangshaChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DisordersXiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Ling Tang
- Department of DermatologyXiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaChina
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and PsoriasisXiangya HospitalChangshaChina
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and DiseaseXiangya HospitalChangshaChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DisordersXiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of DermatologyXiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaChina
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and PsoriasisXiangya HospitalChangshaChina
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and DiseaseXiangya HospitalChangshaChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DisordersXiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Cong Peng
- Department of DermatologyXiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaChina
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and PsoriasisXiangya HospitalChangshaChina
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and DiseaseXiangya HospitalChangshaChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DisordersXiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaChina
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Kucharski DJ, Jaszczak MK, Boratyński PJ. A Review of Modifications of Quinoline Antimalarials: Mefloquine and (hydroxy)Chloroquine. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27031003. [PMID: 35164267 PMCID: PMC8838516 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27031003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Late-stage modification of drug molecules is a fast method to introduce diversity into the already biologically active scaffold. A notable number of analogs of mefloquine, chloroquine, and hydroxychloroquine have been synthesized, starting from the readily available active pharmaceutical ingredient (API). In the current review, all the modifications sites and reactivity types are summarized and provide insight into the chemistry of these molecules. The approaches include the introduction of simple groups and functionalities. Coupling to other drugs, polymers, or carriers afforded hybrid compounds or conjugates with either easily hydrolyzable or more chemically inert bonds. The utility of some of the compounds was tested in antiprotozoal, antibacterial, and antiproliferative assays, as well as in enantiodifferentiation experiments.
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Grønningsæter IS, Reikvam H, Aasebø E, Bartaula-Brevik S, Hernandez-Valladares M, Selheim F, Berven FS, Tvedt TH, Bruserud Ø, Hatfield KJ. Effects of the Autophagy-Inhibiting Agent Chloroquine on Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells; Characterization of Patient Heterogeneity. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11080779. [PMID: 34442423 PMCID: PMC8399694 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11080779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved cellular degradation process that prevents cell damage and promotes cell survival, and clinical efforts have exploited autophagy inhibition as a therapeutic strategy in cancer. Chloroquine is a well-known antimalarial agent that inhibits late-stage autophagy. We evaluated the effects of chloroquine on cell viability and proliferation of acute myeloid leukemia acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells derived from 81 AML patients. Our results show that chloroquine decreased AML cell viability and proliferation for the majority of patients. Furthermore, a subgroup of AML patients showed a greater susceptibility to chloroquine, and using hierarchical cluster analysis, we identified 99 genes upregulated in this patient subgroup, including several genes related to leukemogenesis. The combination of chloroquine with low-dose cytarabine had an additive inhibitory effect on AML cell proliferation. Finally, a minority of patients showed increased extracellular constitutive mediator release in the presence of chloroquine, which was associated with strong antiproliferative effects of chloroquine as well as cytarabine. We conclude that chloroquine has antileukemic activity and should be further explored as a therapeutic drug against AML in combination with other cytotoxic or metabolic drugs; however, due to the patient heterogeneity, chloroquine therapy will probably be effective only for selected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Sofie Grønningsæter
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, N-5021 Bergen, Norway; (I.S.G.); (H.R.); (E.A.); (S.B.-B.)
- Department of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, N-1478 Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Håkon Reikvam
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, N-5021 Bergen, Norway; (I.S.G.); (H.R.); (E.A.); (S.B.-B.)
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021 Bergen, Norway;
| | - Elise Aasebø
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, N-5021 Bergen, Norway; (I.S.G.); (H.R.); (E.A.); (S.B.-B.)
- The Proteomics Facility of the University of Bergen (PROBE), Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, N-5009 Bergen, Norway; (M.H.-V.); (F.S.); (F.S.B.)
| | - Sushma Bartaula-Brevik
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, N-5021 Bergen, Norway; (I.S.G.); (H.R.); (E.A.); (S.B.-B.)
| | - Maria Hernandez-Valladares
- The Proteomics Facility of the University of Bergen (PROBE), Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, N-5009 Bergen, Norway; (M.H.-V.); (F.S.); (F.S.B.)
- The Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, N-5009 Bergen, Norway
| | - Frode Selheim
- The Proteomics Facility of the University of Bergen (PROBE), Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, N-5009 Bergen, Norway; (M.H.-V.); (F.S.); (F.S.B.)
- The Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, N-5009 Bergen, Norway
| | - Frode S. Berven
- The Proteomics Facility of the University of Bergen (PROBE), Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, N-5009 Bergen, Norway; (M.H.-V.); (F.S.); (F.S.B.)
- The Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, N-5009 Bergen, Norway
| | - Tor Henrik Tvedt
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021 Bergen, Norway;
- Department of Hematology, Oslo University Hospital—The National Hospital, N-0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Øystein Bruserud
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, N-5021 Bergen, Norway; (I.S.G.); (H.R.); (E.A.); (S.B.-B.)
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021 Bergen, Norway;
- Correspondence: (Ø.B.); (K.J.H.)
| | - Kimberley Joanne Hatfield
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, N-5021 Bergen, Norway; (I.S.G.); (H.R.); (E.A.); (S.B.-B.)
- Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5009 Bergen, Norway
- Correspondence: (Ø.B.); (K.J.H.)
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9
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Veroniaina H, Pan X, Wu Z, Qi X. Apoferritin: a potential nanocarrier for cancer imaging and drug delivery. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2021; 21:901-913. [PMID: 33844625 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2021.1910027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: As a protein-based biomaterial for potential cancer targeting delivery, apoferritin has recently attracted interest.Areas covered: In this review, we discuss the development of this cage-like protein as an endogenous nanocarrier that can hold molecules in its cavity. We present the specific characterizations and formulations of apoferritin nanocarriers, and outline the recent progress of the protein as an appropriate tumor-delivery vehicle in different therapeutic strategies to treat solid tumors. Finally, we propose how the application for cancer drug repurposing delivery within apoferritin could expand cancer treatment in the future.Expert opinion: Being a ubiquitous iron storage protein that exists in many living organisms, apoferritin is promising as a cancer tumor-targeting nanocarrier. By exploiting its versatility, apoferritin could be used for cancer repurposed drug delivery and could reduce the high cost of new drug discovery development and shorten the formulation process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiuhua Pan
- Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhenghong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaole Qi
- Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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10
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Ramírez H, Fernandez E, Rodrigues J, Mayora S, Martínez G, Celis C, De Sanctis JB, Mijares M, Charris J. Synthesis and antimalarial and anticancer evaluation of 7-chlorquinoline-4-thiazoleacetic derivatives containing aryl hydrazide moieties. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2021; 354:e2100002. [PMID: 33660349 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202100002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Twelve 7-chloroquinoline derivatives were designed and synthesized using the principle of molecular hybridization through the coupling of 2-[2-(7-chloroquinolin-4-ylthio)-4-methylthiazol-5-yl]acetic acid 1 with various benzoyl hydrazines 2a-l. The synthetic compounds were tested as antimalarials. Some of them showed an efficient in vitro activity as inhibitors of β-hematin formation and an in vivo activity in a murine model, resulting in compounds 8 and 9 as the most active ones with IC50 values of 0.65 ± 0.09 and 0.64 ± 0.16 µM, respectively. The effects of the compounds on the cell viability, cell cycle, and apoptosis induction of A549 and MCF-7 cancer cell lines were also examined. Our data showed that compounds 6 and 12 were the most active agents, decreasing the cell viability of MCF-7 cells with IC50 values of 15.41 and 12.99 µM, respectively. None of the compounds analyzed significantly affected the viability of peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Also, significant induction of apoptosis was observed when both cancer cell lines were incubated with compounds 6 and 12. In MCF-7 cells, treatment with these compounds led to cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase. The results obtained suggest that these structures may be useful in developing new therapies for malaria and cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hegira Ramírez
- Organic Synthesis Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Central University of Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela.,Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
| | | | - Juan Rodrigues
- Departamento de Tecnología de Procesos Biológicos y Bioquímicos, División de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Soriuska Mayora
- Biotechnology Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Central University of Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela.,Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Central University of Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Gricelis Martínez
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Central University of Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Carmen Celis
- Biotechnology Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Central University of Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Juan B De Sanctis
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Central University of Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela.,Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Michael Mijares
- Biotechnology Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Central University of Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela.,Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Central University of Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Jaime Charris
- Organic Synthesis Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Central University of Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
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11
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Abuo-Rahma GEDA, Mohamed MFA, Ibrahim TS, Shoman ME, Samir E, Abd El-Baky RM. Potential repurposed SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) infection drugs. RSC Adv 2020; 10:26895-26916. [PMID: 35515773 PMCID: PMC9055522 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra05821a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The global outbreak of COVID-19 viral infection is associated with the absence of specific drug(s) for fighting this viral infection. About 10 million people are already infected, about 500 000 deaths all over the world to date. Great efforts have been made to find solutions for this viral infection, either vaccines, monoclonal antibodies, or small molecule drugs; this can stop the spread of infection to avoid the expected human, economic and social catastrophe associated with this infection. In the literature and during clinical trials in hospitals, several FDA approved drugs for different diseases have the potential to treat or reduce the severity of COVID-19. Repurposing of these drugs as potential agents to treat COVID-19 reduces the time and cost to find effective COVID-19 agents. This review article summarizes the present situation of transmission, pathogenesis and statistics of COVID-19 in the world. Moreover, it includes chemistry, mechanism of action at the molecular level of the possible drug molecules which are liable for redirection as potential COVID-19 therapeutic agents. This includes polymerase inhibitors, protease inhibitors, malaria drugs, lipid lowering statins, rheumatoid arthritis drugs and some miscellaneous agents. We offer research data and knowledge about the chemistry and biology of potential COVID-19 drugs for the research community in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamal El-Din A Abuo-Rahma
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University 61519 Minia Egypt +20 1003069431
| | - Mamdouh F A Mohamed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sohag University 82524 Sohag Egypt
| | - Tarek S Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University Zagazig 44519 Egypt
| | - Mai E Shoman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University 61519 Minia Egypt +20 1003069431
| | - Ebtihal Samir
- Physical Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University Minia 11566 Egypt
| | - Rehab M Abd El-Baky
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University 61519 Minia Egypt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University Minia 11566 Egypt
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12
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Zinc and Autophagy in Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21144994. [PMID: 32679798 PMCID: PMC7404247 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc supplementation is reported to slow down the progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), but there is no general consensus on the beneficiary effect on zinc in AMD. As zinc can stimulate autophagy that is declined in AMD, it is rational to assume that it can slow down its progression. As melanosomes are the main reservoir of zinc in the retina, zinc may decrease the number of lipofuscin granules that are substrates for autophagy. The triad zinc–autophagy–AMD could explain some controversies associated with population studies on zinc supplementation in AMD as the effect of zinc on AMD may be modulated by genetic background. This aspect was not determined in many studies regarding zinc in AMD. Zinc deficiency induces several events associated with AMD pathogenesis, including increased oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation and the resulting lipofuscinogenesis. The latter requires autophagy, which is impaired. This is a vicious cycle-like reaction that may contribute to AMD progression. Promising results with zinc deficiency and supplementation in AMD patients and animal models, as well as emerging evidence of the importance of autophagy in AMD, are the rationale for future research on the role of autophagy in the role of zinc supplementation in AMD.
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13
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Varisli L, Cen O, Vlahopoulos S. Dissecting pharmacological effects of chloroquine in cancer treatment: interference with inflammatory signaling pathways. Immunology 2020; 159:257-278. [PMID: 31782148 PMCID: PMC7011648 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chloroquines are 4-aminoquinoline-based drugs mainly used to treat malaria. At pharmacological concentrations, they have significant effects on tissue homeostasis, targeting diverse signaling pathways in mammalian cells. A key target pathway is autophagy, which regulates macromolecule turnover in the cell. In addition to affecting cellular metabolism and bioenergetic flow equilibrium, autophagy plays a pivotal role at the interface between inflammation and cancer progression. Chloroquines consequently have critical effects in tissue metabolic activity and importantly, in key functions of the immune system. In this article, we will review the work addressing the role of chloroquines in the homeostasis of mammalian tissue, and the potential strengths and weaknesses concerning their use in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lokman Varisli
- Union of Education and Science Workers (EGITIM SEN), Diyarbakir Branch, Diyarbakir, Turkey
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Science Faculty, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Osman Cen
- Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Natural Sciences, Joliet Jr College, Joliet, IL, USA
| | - Spiros Vlahopoulos
- First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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14
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Rámirez H, Rodrigues JR, Mijares MR, De Sanctis JB, Charris JE. Synthesis and biological activity of 2-[2-(7-chloroquinolin-4-ylthio)-4-methylthiazol-5-yl]-N-phenylacetamide derivatives as antimalarial and cytotoxic agents. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/1747519819899073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A novel series of 2-[2-(7-chloroquinolin-4-ylthio)-4-methylthiazol-5-yl]- N-phenylacetamide derivatives is synthesized via substitution with 2-mercapto-4-methyl-5-thiazoleacetic acid at position 4 of 4,7-dichloroquinoline to obtain an intermediate acetic acid derivative. The chemical behavior of these reactants was investigated using different reaction conditions to optimize the nucleophilic substitution at position 4. The final compounds are prepared using a modified version of the Steglich esterification reaction between the acetic acid intermediate 3 and different anilines. The structures are confirmed by infrared, 1H, 13C, distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer 135°, Correlated Spectroscopy, heteronuclear correlation spectroscopy and (Long range HETCOR using three BIRD pulses) FLOCK-NMR spectral studies, and by elemental analysis. The synthesized compounds are tested in vitro and in vivo for their potential antimalarial and anticancer activities, with derivative 11 being the most promising candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hegira Rámirez
- Organic Synthesis Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Central University of Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Juan R Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Cell Biology, Simón Bolívar University, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Michael R Mijares
- Biotechnology Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Central University of Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Central University of Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Juan B De Sanctis
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Central University of Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jaime E Charris
- Organic Synthesis Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Central University of Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
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15
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Colmenarez C, Acosta M, Rodríguez M, Charris J. Synthesis and antimalarial activity of (S)-methyl-(7-chloroquinolin-4-ylthio)acetamidoalquilate derivatives. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1747519819890559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of five new ( S)-methyl-(7-chloroquinolin-4-ylthio)acetamidoalquilate derivatives is carried out under a modified version of the Steglich esterification reaction between different l-amino acid methyl esters and 2-(7-chloroquinolin-4-ylthio)acetic acid. Two of the compounds showed significant inhibition (>50%) of β-hematin formation. The two active structures were tested in vivo as potential antimalarials in mice infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA, a chloroquine susceptible strain. Compounds 6b and 6e exhibited antimalarial activity comparable to that of chloroquine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Custodiana Colmenarez
- Organic Synthesis Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Central University of Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - María Acosta
- Biochemistry Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Central University of Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Miguel Rodríguez
- Organic Synthesis Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Central University of Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Jaime Charris
- Organic Synthesis Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Central University of Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
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16
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Antiproliferative evaluation of various aminoquinoline derivatives. ACTA PHARMACEUTICA (ZAGREB, CROATIA) 2019; 69:661-672. [PMID: 31639093 DOI: 10.2478/acph-2019-0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Four classes of aminoquinoline derivatives were prepared: primaquine ureas 1a-f, primaquine bis-ureas 2a-f, chloroquine fumardiamides 3a-f and mefloquine fumardiamides 4a-f. Their antiproliferative activities against breast adeno-carcinoma (MCF-7), lung carcinoma (H460) and colon carcinoma (HCT 116 and SW620) cell lines were evaluated in vitro, using MTT cell proliferation assay. The results revealed a low activity of primaquine urea and bis-urea derivatives and high activity of all fumardiamides, with IC50 values in low micromolar range against all tested cancer cell lines.
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17
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Synthesis, antimalarial, antiproliferative, and apoptotic activities of benzimidazole-5-carboxamide derivatives. Med Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-018-2258-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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18
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Yun CW, Lee SH. The Roles of Autophagy in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113466. [PMID: 30400561 PMCID: PMC6274804 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 563] [Impact Index Per Article: 93.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an intracellular degradative process that occurs under several stressful conditions, including organelle damage, the presence of abnormal proteins, and nutrient deprivation. The mechanism of autophagy initiates the formation of autophagosomes that capture degraded components and then fuse with lysosomes to recycle these components. The modulation of autophagy plays dual roles in tumor suppression and promotion in many cancers. In addition, autophagy regulates the properties of cancer stem-cells by contributing to the maintenance of stemness, the induction of recurrence, and the development of resistance to anticancer reagents. Although some autophagy modulators, such as rapamycin and chloroquine, are used to regulate autophagy in anticancer therapy, since this process also plays roles in both tumor suppression and promotion, the precise mechanism of autophagy in cancer requires further study. In this review, we will summarize the mechanism of autophagy under stressful conditions and its roles in tumor suppression and promotion in cancer and in cancer stem-cells. Furthermore, we discuss how autophagy is a promising potential therapeutic target in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chul Won Yun
- Medical Science Research Institute, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul 04401, Korea.
| | - Sang Hun Lee
- Medical Science Research Institute, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul 04401, Korea.
- Department of Biochemistry, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan 31538, Korea.
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19
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Optimization of antimalarial, and anticancer activities of ( E )-methyl 2-(7-chloroquinolin-4-ylthio)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl) acrylate. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:815-823. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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20
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Autophagy Modulation in Cancer: Current Knowledge on Action and Therapy. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:8023821. [PMID: 29643976 PMCID: PMC5831833 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8023821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In the last two decades, accumulating evidence pointed to the importance of autophagy in various human diseases. As an essential evolutionary catabolic process of cytoplasmatic component digestion, it is generally believed that modulating autophagic activity, through targeting specific regulatory actors in the core autophagy machinery, may impact disease processes. Both autophagy upregulation and downregulation have been found in cancers, suggesting its dual oncogenic and tumor suppressor properties during malignant transformation. Identification of the key autophagy targets is essential for the development of new therapeutic agents. Despite this great potential, no therapies are currently available that specifically focus on autophagy modulation. Although drugs like rapamycin, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, and others act as autophagy modulators, they were not originally developed for this purpose. Thus, autophagy may represent a new and promising pharmacologic target for future drug development and therapeutic applications in human diseases. Here, we summarize our current knowledge in regard to the interplay between autophagy and malignancy in the most significant tumor types: pancreatic, breast, hepatocellular, colorectal, and lung cancer, which have been studied in respect to autophagy manipulation as a promising therapeutic strategy. Finally, we present an overview of the most recent advances in therapeutic strategies involving autophagy modulators in cancer.
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21
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Kuang WB, Huang RZ, Fang YL, Liang GB, Yang CH, Ma XL, Zhang Y. Design, synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of novel 2-chloro-3-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)quinoline derivatives as antitumor agents: in vitro and in vivo antitumor activity, cell cycle arrest and apoptotic response. RSC Adv 2018; 8:24376-24385. [PMID: 35539175 PMCID: PMC9082043 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra04640a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of novel 2-chloro-3-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)quinoline derivatives were designed and synthesized as antitumor agents under the combination principle. The antitumor activity and mechanisms were then evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Bin Kuang
- School of Pharmacy
- Guilin Medical University
- Guilin 541004
- PR China
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China)
| | - Ri-Zhen Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 211189
- PR China
| | - Yi-Lin Fang
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China)
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Guangxi Normal University
- Guilin 541004
- PR China
| | - Gui-Bin Liang
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China)
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Guangxi Normal University
- Guilin 541004
- PR China
| | - Chen-Hui Yang
- School of Pharmacy
- Guilin Medical University
- Guilin 541004
- PR China
| | - Xian-Li Ma
- School of Pharmacy
- Guilin Medical University
- Guilin 541004
- PR China
| | - Ye Zhang
- School of Pharmacy
- Guilin Medical University
- Guilin 541004
- PR China
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China)
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22
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Krstulović L, Stolić I, Jukić M, Opačak-Bernardi T, Starčević K, Bajić M, Glavaš-Obrovac L. New quinoline-arylamidine hybrids: Synthesis, DNA/RNA binding and antitumor activity. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 137:196-210. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.05.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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23
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Development and validation of an HILIC-MS/MS method by one-step precipitation for chloroquine in miniature pig plasma. Bioanalysis 2016; 8:1159-71. [PMID: 27211608 PMCID: PMC7099630 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2015-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Quantification of polar compounds such as chloroquine by revered-phase LC is a challenge because of poor retention and silanol interactions with stationary phase. Strong ion-pairing reagents added to mobile phases to improve reversed-phase retention and improve peak shape can be harmful for MS. Results: This new approach provides a rapid and sensitive method for the detection of chloroquine using hydrophilic interaction LC coupled to MS/MS (HILIC–MS/MS). Ammonium formate and formic acid were added to mobile phase to attain good peak shapes and the salified chloroquine as well retained in an HILIC column. Linearity, intra- and inter-day precision, accuracy, recovery, matrix effect and stability were evaluated during the validation process. Conclusion: The validated method has been successfully used in a PK study in miniature pigs, and paves way for future development.
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24
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Yin P, Jia J, Li J, Song Y, Zhang Y, Chen F. ABT-737, a Bcl-2 Selective Inhibitor, and Chloroquine Synergistically Kill Renal Cancer Cells. Oncol Res 2016; 24:65-72. [PMID: 27178823 PMCID: PMC7838628 DOI: 10.3727/096504016x14587366983838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common malignancy in the kidney in the world, and the 5-year overall survival for patients remains poor due to the lack of effective treatment strategies. Although ABT-737, as a Bcl-2/Bcl-xL inhibitor, has recently emerged as a novel cancer therapeutic reagent, apoptosis induced by ABT-737 is often blocked in several types of cancer cells. This study investigated whether the combination of the small-molecule BH3 mimetic ABT-737 and the lysosome inhibitor chloroquine was an effective strategy for treating renal cancer cells. We found that the combination of ABT-737 and chloroquine synergistically decreased cell viability when compared to treatment with either single reagent. Cell apoptosis induced by a combined treatment was markedly inhibited by the caspase inhibitors z-DEVD-FMK and z-VAD-FMK. It was also inhibited by cathepsin inhibitor E-64 and CTSI (cathepsin inhibitor), which suggested that apoptosis was dependent on the cascade of caspase activation and cathepsins released from lysosomes. Furthermore, we found that ABT-737 could increase the cell level of ROS, which triggers cathepsin-mediated cell death and augments the role of chloroquine in cell death. So the combination of ABT-737 and chloroquine was an effective strategy for the treatment of renal cancer cells, and this combined strategy may widen the therapeutic window of ABT-737 and chloroquine as well as enhance the clinical efficacy of synergistic drug combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Yin
- *Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jinpeng Jia
- †Department of Orthopaedics, General Hospital of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Jijun Li
- *Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Song
- *Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yiyan Zhang
- *Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fengkun Chen
- *Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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