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Povo-Retana A, Sánchez-García S, Alvarez-Lucena C, Landauro-Vera R, Prieto P, Delgado C, Martín-Sanz P, Boscá L. Crosstalk between P2Y receptors and cyclooxygenase activity in inflammation and tissue repair. Purinergic Signal 2024; 20:145-155. [PMID: 37052777 PMCID: PMC10997571 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-023-09938-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of extracellular nucleotides as modulators of inflammation and cell stress is well established. One of the main actions of these molecules is mediated by the activation of purinergic receptors (P2) of the plasma membrane. P2 receptors can be classified according to two different structural families: P2X ionotropic ion channel receptors, and P2Y metabotropic G protein-coupled receptors. During inflammation, damaged cells release nucleotides and purinergic signaling occurs along the temporal pattern of the synthesis of pro-inflammatory and pro-resolving mediators by myeloid and lymphoid cells. In macrophages under pro-inflammatory conditions, the expression and activity of cyclooxygenase 2 significantly increases and enhances the circulating levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), which exerts its effects both through specific plasma membrane receptors (EP1-EP4) and by activation of intracellular targets. Here we review the mechanisms involved in the crosstalk between PGE2 and P2Y receptors on macrophages, which is dependent on several isoforms of protein kinase C and protein kinase D1. Due to this crosstalk, a P2Y-dependent increase in calcium is blunted by PGE2 whereas, under these conditions, macrophages exhibit reduced migratory capacity along with enhanced phagocytosis, which contributes to the modulation of the inflammatory response and tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Povo-Retana
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (Centro Mixto CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Sergio Sánchez-García
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (Centro Mixto CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlota Alvarez-Lucena
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (Centro Mixto CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Landauro-Vera
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (Centro Mixto CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Prieto
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacognosia y Botánica. Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Delgado
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (Centro Mixto CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Melchor Fernández Almagro 6, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Martín-Sanz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (Centro Mixto CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Melchor Fernández Almagro 6, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lisardo Boscá
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (Centro Mixto CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Melchor Fernández Almagro 6, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
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Ciriano Cerdà E, Zajc AL, Finotello R, Macdonald K, Lyseight F, Van Den Steen N, Sanchez Gonzalez K, Marrington M, Grant J. Meloxicam in Combination with Mitoxantrone or Vinblastine as First-Line Treatment for Non-Resectable Urothelial Cell Carcinoma in Dogs. Vet Sci 2023; 10:529. [PMID: 37624316 PMCID: PMC10458788 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10080529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors have been demonstrated to have antitumour activity in canine urothelial cell carcinoma (UCC), given as a sole treatment or in combination with chemotherapy. The purpose of this retrospective multi-institutional study was to assess the efficacy of meloxicam in combination with mitoxantrone or vinblastine as a first-line treatment for non-resectable canine UCC. Gastrointestinal adverse effects (AEs) of these treatment combinations were also assessed. A total of 28 dogs met the inclusion criteria, 21/28 dogs received mitoxantrone and meloxicam, and 7/28 received vinblastine and meloxicam. Tumour response (TR) and AE were evaluated according to Veterinary Co-Operative Oncology Group (VCOG) criteria. The endpoint of the study was the time to tumour progression (TTP). The mitoxantrone-group induced 24% partial response and 62% stable disease, while the vinblastine-group induced 14% and 86%, respectively. Median TTP was 84 days (mitoxantrone and meloxicam, 70 days; and vinblastine and meloxicam, 178 days). The presence of metastatic disease significantly decreased TTP (p = 0.007). Gastrointestinal AEs were reported in 21.4% of the patients, with the most common being VCOG grade 1-2 diarrhoea. Meloxicam is a well-tolerated NSAID when combined with mitoxantrone or vinblastine as first-line treatment for non-resectable canine UCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estel.la Ciriano Cerdà
- Northwest Veterinary Specialists, Part of Linnaeus Veterinary Limited, Ashville Point, Beechwood, Sutton Weaver, Runcorn WA7 3FW, UK
| | - Alenka Lavra Zajc
- Northwest Veterinary Specialists, Part of Linnaeus Veterinary Limited, Ashville Point, Beechwood, Sutton Weaver, Runcorn WA7 3FW, UK
| | - Riccardo Finotello
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Department of Veterinary Anatomy Physiology and Pathology, Institute of Infection Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Chester High Rd, Neston CH64 7TE, UK; (R.F.)
| | - Kirsty Macdonald
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Department of Veterinary Anatomy Physiology and Pathology, Institute of Infection Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Chester High Rd, Neston CH64 7TE, UK; (R.F.)
| | - Filipa Lyseight
- Dick White Referrals, Station Farm, London Road, Six Mile Bottom, Cambridgeshire CB8 0UH, UK
| | - Nele Van Den Steen
- Cave Veterinary Specialists, George’s Farm, West Buckland, Nr. Wellington TA21 9LE, UK
| | - Katia Sanchez Gonzalez
- Southern Counties Veterinary Specialists, Forest Corner Farm, Hangersley, Ringwood BH24 3JW, UK
| | - Mary Marrington
- Northwest Veterinary Specialists, Part of Linnaeus Veterinary Limited, Ashville Point, Beechwood, Sutton Weaver, Runcorn WA7 3FW, UK
| | - Jessica Grant
- Northwest Veterinary Specialists, Part of Linnaeus Veterinary Limited, Ashville Point, Beechwood, Sutton Weaver, Runcorn WA7 3FW, UK
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3
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Liu N, Tu J, Huang Y, Yang W, Wang Q, Li Z, Sheng C. Target- and prodrug-based design for fungal diseases and cancer-associated fungal infections. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 197:114819. [PMID: 37024014 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Invasive fungal infections (IFIs) are emerging as a serious threat to public health and are associated with high incidence and mortality. IFIs also represent a frequent complication in patients with cancer who are undergoing chemotherapy. However, effective and safe antifungal agents remain limited, and the development of severe drug resistance further undermines the efficacy of antifungal therapy. Therefore, there is an urgent need for novel antifungal agents to treat life-threatening fungal diseases, especially those with new mode of action, favorable pharmacokinetic profiles, and anti-resistance activity. In this review, we summarize new antifungal targets and target-based inhibitor design, with a focus on their antifungal activity, selectivity, and mechanism. We also illustrate the prodrug design strategy used to improve the physicochemical and pharmacokinetic profiles of antifungal agents. Dual-targeting antifungal agents offer a new strategy for the treatment of resistant infections and cancer-associated fungal infections.
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Altıntop MD, Sever B, Akalın Çiftçi G, Ertorun İ, Alataş Ö, Özdemir A. A new series of thiosemicarbazone-based anti-inflammatory agents exerting their action through cyclooxygenase inhibition. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2022; 355:e2200136. [PMID: 35606682 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202200136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In an endeavor to identify potent anti-inflammatory agents, new thiosemicarbazones (TSCs) incorporated into a diaryl ether framework (2a-2l) were prepared and screened for their in vitro inhibitory effects on cyclooxygenases (COXs). 4-[4-(Piperidin-1-ylsulfonyl)phenyl]-1-[4-(4-cyanophenoxy)benzylidene]thiosemicarbazide (2c) was the most potent and selective COX-1 inhibitor in this series, with an IC50 value of 1.89 ± 0.04 µM. On the other hand, 4-[4-(piperidin-1-ylsulfonyl)phenyl]-1-[4-(4-nitrophenoxy)benzylidene]thiosemicarbazide (2b) was identified as a nonselective COX inhibitor (COX-1 IC50 = 13.44 ± 0.65 µM, COX-2 IC50 = 12.60 ± 0.78 µM). Based on molecular docking studies, the diaryl ether and the TSC groups serve as crucial moieties for interactions with pivotal amino acid residues in the active sites of COXs. According to MTT test, compounds 2b and 2c showed low cytotoxic activity toward NIH/3T3 cells. Their in vivo anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potencies were also assessed using the lipopolysaccharide-induced sepsis model. Compounds 2b and 2c diminished high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, myeloperoxidase, nitric oxide, and malondialdehyde levels. Both compounds also caused a significant decrease in aspartate aminotransferase levels as well as alanine aminotransferase levels. In silico pharmacokinetic studies suggest that compounds 2b and 2c possess favorable drug-likeness and oral bioavailability. It can be concluded that these compounds may act as orally bioavailable anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehlika D Altıntop
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Belgin Sever
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Gülşen Akalın Çiftçi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - İpek Ertorun
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Özkan Alataş
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Özdemir
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
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Zhong D, Wan Z, Cai J, Quan L, Zhang R, Teng T, Gao H, Fan C, Wang M, Guo D, Zhang H, Jia Z, Sun Y. mPGES-2 blockade antagonizes β-cell senescence to ameliorate diabetes by acting on NR4A1. Nat Metab 2022; 4:269-283. [PMID: 35228744 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-022-00536-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
β-cell dysfunction is a hallmark of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Type 2 diabetes is strongly associated with ageing-related β-cell abnormalities that arise through unknown mechanisms. Here we show better β-cell identity, less β-cell senescence, enhanced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and improved glucose homeostasis in global microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-2 (mPGES-2)-deficient mice challenged with a high-fat diet or bred with a genetic model of type 2 diabetes (db/db mice). Furthermore, the function of mPGES-2 in β-cells is validated using mice with β-cell-specific mPGES-2 deficiency or overexpression. Mechanistically, the protective role of mPGES-2 deletion is induced by antagonizing β-cell senescence via interference of the PGE2-EP3-NR4A1 signalling axis. We also discover an inhibitor of mPGES-2, SZ0232, which protects against β-cell dysfunction and diabetes, similar to mPGES-2 deletion. We conclude that mPGES-2 contributes to ageing-associated β-cell senescence and dysfunction via the PGE2-EP3-NR4A1 signalling axis. Pharmacologic blockade of mPGES-2 might be effective for treating ageing-associated β-cell dysfunction and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Zhong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zhikang Wan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, P. R. China
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Jie Cai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, P. R. China
- Public Experimental Research Center of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Lingling Quan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Rumeng Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, P. R. China
- Public Experimental Research Center of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Tian Teng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Hang Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Chenyu Fan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Meng Wang
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Dong Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Hongxing Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zhanjun Jia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, P. R. China.
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P. R. China.
| | - Ying Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, P. R. China.
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Abstract
![]()
When used in combination
with azole antifungal drugs, cyclooxygenase
(COX) inhibitors such as ibuprofen improve antifungal efficacy. We
report the conjugation of a chiral antifungal azole pharmacophore
to COX inhibitors and the evaluation of activity of 24 hybrids. Hybrids
derived from ibuprofen and flurbiprofen were considerably more potent
than fluconazole and comparable to voriconazole against a panel of Candida species. The potencies of hybrids composed
of an S-configured azole pharmacophore were higher
than those with an R-configured pharmacophore. Tolerance,
defined as the ability of a subpopulation of cells to grow in the
presence of the drug, to the hybrids was lower than to fluconazole
and voriconazole. The hybrids were active against a mutant lacking
CYP51, the target of azole drugs, indicating that these agents act
via a dual mode of action. This study established that azole-COX inhibitor
hybrids are a novel class of potent antifungals with clinical potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Elias
- School of Chemistry, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Pallabita Basu
- School of Chemistry, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Micha Fridman
- School of Chemistry, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
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7
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Wu K, Peng X, Chen M, Li Y, Tang G, Peng J, Peng Y, Cao X. Recent progress of research on anti‐tumor agents using benzimidazole as the structure unit. Chem Biol Drug Des 2022; 99:736-757. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyue Wu
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study College of Pharmacy Hengyang Medical School University of South China Hengyang China
| | - Xiaoyu Peng
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study College of Pharmacy Hengyang Medical School University of South China Hengyang China
| | - Miaojia Chen
- Department of Pharmacy the first People's Hospital Pingjiang Yueyang Hunan China
| | - Yang Li
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study College of Pharmacy Hengyang Medical School University of South China Hengyang China
| | - Guotao Tang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study College of Pharmacy Hengyang Medical School University of South China Hengyang China
| | - Junmei Peng
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study College of Pharmacy Hengyang Medical School University of South China Hengyang China
| | - Yuanyuan Peng
- School of Electrical and Automation Engineering East China Jiaotong University Nanchang 330000 China
| | - Xuan Cao
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study College of Pharmacy Hengyang Medical School University of South China Hengyang China
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Peterson OJ, Cornelison LE, Durham PL. Neuroprotective Effect of Enriched Chicken Bone Broth as a Dietary Supplement in a Model of Migraine Mediated by Early Life Stress. J Med Food 2020; 23:1259-1265. [PMID: 32326809 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2019.0312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Early life stress is a risk factor for development of migraine, a prevalent painful neurological disease characterized by sensitization and activation of trigeminal neurons. Secondary early life stress was previously shown to cause increased expression of neuronal proteins implicated in peripheral and central sensitization. Recently, dietary supplementation of chicken bone broth was shown to attenuate trigeminal nociception in an orofacial pain model. Accordingly, the focus of this study was to determine the effects of early life stress and dietary inclusion of bone broth on trigeminal nociceptor sensitization and activation in a model of episodic migraine. Adult Sprague-Dawley male sender rats subjected to primary traumatic stress were placed next to breeding or pregnant female rats that served as receiver rats (secondary traumatic stress) and in proximity to the offspring until weaning. Unstressed and stressed young adult offspring were tested for mechanical nocifensive response after exposure to a pungent odor known to be a migraine trigger, and in response to daily supplementation of bone broth. Early life stress promoted a primed state of trigeminal nociceptors that were activated by the pungent odor in both genders. Female animals exhibited a higher basal sensitization level and prolonged nociception compared with males. Supplementation of bone broth beginning at the time of weaning inhibited basal and triggered trigeminal mechanical sensitivity. Early life stress caused development of a sensitized trigeminal system that is implicated in migraine pathology and dietary supplementation with bone broth suppressed trigeminal sensitization, and thus may provide neuroprotective activity for reducing migraine risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orion J Peterson
- Jordan Valley Innovation Center - Center for Biomedical and Life Sciences, Missouri State University, Springfield, Missouri, USA
| | - Lauren E Cornelison
- Jordan Valley Innovation Center - Center for Biomedical and Life Sciences, Missouri State University, Springfield, Missouri, USA
| | - Paul L Durham
- Jordan Valley Innovation Center - Center for Biomedical and Life Sciences, Missouri State University, Springfield, Missouri, USA
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10
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Wang H, Gao Y, Wang J, Cheng M. Computational Strategy Revealing the Structural Determinant of Ligand Selectivity towards Highly Similar Protein Targets. Curr Drug Targets 2019; 21:76-88. [PMID: 31556854 DOI: 10.2174/1389450120666190926113524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poor selectivity of drug candidates may lead to toxicity and side effects accounting for as high as 60% failure rate, thus, the selectivity is consistently significant and challenging for drug discovery. OBJECTIVE To find highly specific small molecules towards very similar protein targets, multiple strategies are always employed, including (1) To make use of the diverse shape of binding pocket to avoid steric bump; (2) To increase binding affinities for favorite residues; (3) To achieve selectivity through allosteric regulation of target; (4) To stabalize the inactive conformation of protein target and (5) To occupy dual binding pockets of single target. CONCLUSION In this review, we summarize computational strategies along with examples of their successful applications in designing selective ligands, with the aim to provide insights into everdiversifying drug development practice and inspire medicinal chemists to utilize computational strategies to avoid potential side effects due to low selectivity of ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanxun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Yinli Gao
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Maosheng Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, China
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Gómez-Castro CZ, López-Martínez M, Hernández-Pineda J, Trujillo-Ferrara JG, Padilla-Martínez II. Profiling the interaction of 1-phenylbenzimidazoles to cyclooxygenases. J Mol Recognit 2019; 32:e2801. [PMID: 31353677 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
In the design of 1-phenylbenzimidazoles as model cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors, docking to a series of crystallographic COX structures was performed to evaluate their potential for high-affinity binding and to reproduce the interaction profile of well-known COX inhibitors. The effect of ligand-specific induced fit on the calculations was also studied. To quantitatively compare the pattern of interactions of model compounds to the profile of several cocrystallized COX inhibitors, a geometric parameter, denominated ligand-receptor contact distance (LRCD), was developed. The interaction profile of several model complexes showed similarity to the profile of COX complexes with inhibitors such as iodosuprofen, iodoindomethacin, diclofenac, and flurbiprofen. Shaping of high-affinity binding sites upon ligand-specific induced fit mostly determined both the affinity and the binding mode of the ligands in the docking calculations. The results suggest potential of 1-phenylbenzimidazole derivatives as COX inhibitors on the basis of their predicted affinity and interaction profile to COX enzymes. The analyses also provided insights into the role of induced fit in COX enzymes. While inhibitors produce different local structural changes at the COX ligand binding site, induced fit allows inhibitors in diverse chemical classes to share characteristic interaction patterns that ensure key contacts to be achieved. Different interaction patterns may also be associated with different inhibitory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Z Gómez-Castro
- CONACyT Research Fellow, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Área Académica de Química, Mexico
| | - Margarita López-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Farmacología Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Jessica Hernández-Pineda
- Laboratorio de Farmacología Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - José G Trujillo-Ferrara
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Departamento de Farmacología, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Itzia I Padilla-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Química Supramolecular y Nanociencias, Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Biotecnología del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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12
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Destefanis F, Fiorito V, Altruda F, Tolosano E. Investigating the Connection Between Endogenous Heme Accumulation and COX2 Activity in Cancer Cells. Front Oncol 2019; 9:162. [PMID: 30941311 PMCID: PMC6433962 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Heme, an iron-containing porphyrin, is fundamental for a variety of functions in cell homeostasis. Nevertheless, recent data indicate that dysregulation of heme metabolism might promote tumorigenesis. The intracellular heme pool is finely regulated through the control of heme synthesis, degradation, incorporation into hemoproteins and trafficking across membranes. All these processes might be potentially targeted to alter endogenous heme content in order to counteract cancer growth. Nevertheless, these putative therapeutic interventions have to take into account the possibility of undesired side effects, such as the over-activation of heme-dependent enzymes involved in cancer. Among them, cyclooxygenase-2 is a prostaglandin-producing hemoprotein, induced during inflammation and in different types of tumor, particularly in colorectal cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether modulation of endogenous heme may affect cyclooxygenase-2 expression and activity, taking advantage of two different approaches able to alter heme levels: the silencing of the heme exporter Feline Leukemia Virus subgroup C receptor 1 and the induction of heme synthesis by 5-aminolevulinic acid administration. Our data demonstrate that the down-regulation of the heme exporter in colorectal cancer cells does not affect cyclooxygenase-2 expression and activity. Conversely, 5-aminolevulinic acid administration results in decreased cyclooxygenase-2 expression. However, the overall cyclooxygenase-2 enzymatic activity is maintained. The present work sheds light on the complex modulation of cyclooxygenase-2 by endogenous heme and support the idea that targeting heme metabolism could be a valuable therapeutic option against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Destefanis
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Veronica Fiorito
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Fiorella Altruda
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Emanuela Tolosano
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
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13
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Jaén RI, Prieto P, Casado M, Martín-Sanz P, Boscá L. Post-translational modifications of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 in colorectal cancer: An update. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:5454-5461. [PMID: 30622375 PMCID: PMC6319129 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i48.5454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The biosynthesis of prostanoids is involved in both physiological and pathological processes. The expression of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2; also known as COX-2) has been traditionally associated to the onset of several pathologies, from inflammation to cardiovascular, gastrointestinal and oncologic events. For this reason, the search of selective PTGS2 inhibitors has been a focus for therapeutic interventions. In addition to the classic non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, selective and specific PTGS2 inhibitors, termed coxibs, have been generated and widely used. PTGS2 activity is less restrictive in terms of substrate specificity than the homeostatic counterpart PTGS1, and it accounts for the elevated prostanoid synthesis that accompanies several pathologies. The main regulation of PTGS2 occurs at the transcription level. In addition to this, the stability of the mRNA is finely regulated through the interaction with several cytoplasmic elements, ranging from specific microRNAs to proteins that control mRNA degradation. Moreover, the protein has been recognized to be the substrate for several post-translational modifications that affect both the enzyme activity and the targeting for degradation via proteasomal and non-proteasomal mechanisms. Among these modifications, phosphorylation, glycosylation and covalent modifications by reactive lipidic intermediates and by free radicals associated to the pro-inflammatory condition appear to be the main changes. Identification of these post-translational modifications is relevant to better understand the role of PTGS2 in several pathologies and to establish a correct analysis of the potential function of this protein in diseases progress. Finally, these modifications can be used as biomarkers to establish correlations with other parameters, including the immunomodulation dependent on molecular pathological epidemiology determinants, which may provide a better frame for potential therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael I Jaén
- Department of Metabolism and Physiopathology of Inflammatory Diseases, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Patricia Prieto
- Department of Metabolism and Physiopathology of Inflammatory Diseases, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Marta Casado
- Department of Biomedicine, Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia (CSIC), Valencia 46010, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, y Hepáticas y Digestivas, ISCIII, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Paloma Martín-Sanz
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, y Hepáticas y Digestivas, ISCIII, Madrid 28029, Spain
- Unidad Asociada IIBM-ULPGC, Universidad de las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria 35001, Spain
| | - Lisardo Boscá
- Department of Metabolism and Physiopathology of Inflammatory Diseases, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Madrid 28029, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, y Hepáticas y Digestivas, ISCIII, Madrid 28029, Spain
- Unidad Asociada IIBM-ULPGC, Universidad de las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria 35001, Spain
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14
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Kumar JSD, Zanderigo F, Prabhakaran J, Rubin-Falcone H, Parsey RV, Mann JJ. In vivo evaluation of [ 11C]TMI, a COX-2 selective PET tracer, in baboons. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:3592-3595. [PMID: 30396759 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.10.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Overexpression of Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzyme is associated with the pathogenesis of inflammation, cancers, stroke, arthritis, and neurological disorders. Because of the involvement of COX-2 in these diseases, quantification of COX-2 expression using Positron Emission Tomography (PET) may be a biological marker for early diagnosis, monitoring of disease progression, and an indicator of effective treatment. At present there is no target-specific or validated PET tracer available for in vivo quantification of COX-2. The objective of this study is to evaluate [11C]TMI, a selective COX-2 inhibitor (Ki ≤ 1 nM) in nonhuman primates using PET imaging. PET imaging in baboons showed that [11C]TMI penetrates the blood brain barrier (BBB) and accumulates in brain in a somewhat heterogeneous pattern. Metabolite analyses indicated that [11C]TMI undergoes no significant metabolism of parent tracer in the plasma for baseline scans, however a relative faster metabolism was found for blocking scan. All the tested quantification approaches provide comparable tracer total distribution volume (VT) estimates in the range of 3.2-7 (mL/cm3). We observed about 25% lower VT values in blocking studies with meloxicam, a nonselective COX-2 inhibitor, compared to baseline [11C]TMI binding. Our findings indicate that [11C]TMI may be a suitable PET tracer for the quantification of COX-2 in vivo. Further experiments are needed to confirm the potential of this tracer in COX-2 overexpressing models for brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Dileep Kumar
- Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Division, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, USA.
| | - Francesca Zanderigo
- Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Division, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Jaya Prabhakaran
- Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Division, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, USA
| | | | - Ramin V Parsey
- Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook Medical Center, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - J John Mann
- Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Division, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, USA
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15
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Surana K, Chaudhary B, Diwaker M, Sharma S. Benzophenone: a ubiquitous scaffold in medicinal chemistry. MEDCHEMCOMM 2018; 9:1803-1817. [PMID: 30542530 DOI: 10.1039/c8md00300a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The benzophenone scaffold represents a ubiquitous structure in medicinal chemistry because it is found in several naturally occurring molecules which exhibit a variety of biological activities, such as anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antiviral. In addition, various synthetic benzophenone motifs are present in marketed drugs. They also represent important ingredients in perfumes and can act as photoinitiators. This review will provide an overview of benzophenone moieties with medicinal aspects synthesized in the last 15 years and will cover the most potent molecule in each report. In this review, only benzophenones with substitutions on their aryl rings, i.e. diphenyl ketone analogues, have been covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khemchand Surana
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research , Ahmedabad (NIPER-A) , Gandhinagar , Gujarat - 382355 , India .
| | - Bharatkumar Chaudhary
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research , Ahmedabad (NIPER-A) , Gandhinagar , Gujarat - 382355 , India .
| | - Monika Diwaker
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research , Ahmedabad (NIPER-A) , Gandhinagar , Gujarat - 382355 , India .
| | - Satyasheel Sharma
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research , Ahmedabad (NIPER-A) , Gandhinagar , Gujarat - 382355 , India .
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17
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Prabhakaran J, Underwood M, Zanderigo F, Simpson NR, Cooper AR, Matthew J, Rubin-Falcone H, Parsey RV, Mann JJ, Dileep Kumar JS. Radiosynthesis and in vivo evaluation of [ 11C]MOV as a PET imaging agent for COX-2. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:2432-2435. [PMID: 29929881 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Radiosynthesis and in vivo evaluation of [11C]4-[5-(4-methylphenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]benzenesulfonamide (methoxy analogue of valdecoxib, [11C]MOV), a COX-2 inhibitor, was conducted in rat and baboon. Synthesis of the reference standard MOV (3), and its desmethyl precursor 2 for radiolabeling were performed using 1,2-diphenylethan-1-one as the starting material in five steps with 15% overall yield. Radiosynthesis of [11C]MOV was accomplished in 40 ± 10% yield and >99% radiochemical purity by reacting the precursor 2 in dimethyl formamide (DMF) with [11C]CH3I followed by removal of the dimethoxytrityl (DMT) protective group using trifluroacetic acid. PET studies in anesthetized baboon showed very low uptake and homogeneous distribution of [11C]MOV in brain. The radioligand underwent rapid metabolism in baboon plasma. MicroPET studies in male Sprague Dawley rats revealed [11C]MOV binding in lower thorax. The tracer binding in rats was partially blocked in heart and duodenum by the administration of 1 mg/kg oral dose of COX-2 inhibitor valdecoxib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaya Prabhakaran
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, USA; Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Division, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, USA
| | - Mark Underwood
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, USA; Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Division, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, USA
| | - Francesca Zanderigo
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, USA; Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Division, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, USA
| | - Norman R Simpson
- Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Division, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, USA
| | - Anna R Cooper
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Jeffrey Matthew
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Harry Rubin-Falcone
- Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Division, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, USA
| | - Ramin V Parsey
- Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook Medical Center, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - J John Mann
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, USA; Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Division, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, USA
| | - J S Dileep Kumar
- Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Division, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, USA.
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18
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Gunaydin C, Bilge SS. Effects of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs at the Molecular Level. Eurasian J Med 2018; 50:116-121. [PMID: 30002579 DOI: 10.5152/eurasianjmed.2018.0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly used for their anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic effects. NSAIDs generally work by blocking the production of prostaglandins (PGs) through the inhibition of two cyclooxygenase enzymes. PGs are key factors in many cellular processes, such as gastrointestinal cytoprotection, hemostasis and thrombosis, inflammation, renal hemodynamics, turnover of cartilage, and angiogenesis. Interest has grown in the various effects of NSAIDs during the last decade. Epidemiological studies have revealed the reduced risk of several cancer types and neurodegenerative diseases by prolonged use of NSAIDs. Recent advances in the understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of NSAIDs will accelerate the processes of discovery and clinical implementation. This review summarizes the molecular mechanisms of NSAIDs on the body systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caner Gunaydin
- Department of Pharmacology, Ondokuz Mayıs University School of Medicine, Samsun, Turkey
| | - S Sirri Bilge
- Department of Pharmacology, Ondokuz Mayıs University School of Medicine, Samsun, Turkey
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19
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Hawkins JL, Durham PL. Enriched Chicken Bone Broth as a Dietary Supplement Reduces Nociception and Sensitization Associated with Prolonged Jaw Opening. J Oral Facial Pain Headache 2018; 32:208–215. [PMID: 29509826 PMCID: PMC7001769 DOI: 10.11607/ofph.1971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To test a commercially available enriched chicken bone broth (ECBB) product for its potential anti-inflammatory properties and to evaluate its ability to reduce nociception and expression of protein kinase A (PKA) in a clinically relevant model of temporomandibular disorder (TMD) caused by prolonged jaw opening in rats. METHODS The potential of the ECBB and of a homemade broth was investigated using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and percent inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) activity, which was determined using a commercially available kit. Additionally, the effect of ECBB and homemade broth on nocifensive head withdrawal responses to mechanical stimulation in male Sprague-Dawley rats subjected to prolonged jaw opening was evaluated. Differences were considered significant at P < .025. Changes in PKA expression in the medullary dorsal horn region of the spinal trigeminal nucleus associated with prolonged jaw opening were assessed using immunofluorescence, and these changes were considered significant at P < .05. Behavioral data were analyzed by using multiple nonparametric tests, and immunohistochemistry data were analyzed by using one-way analysis of variance with Games-Howell post hoc tests in SPSS software. RESULTS ECBB exhibited greater reducing potential and inhibition of COX-2 activity compared to homemade broth. Near maximal jaw opening was sufficient to induce sustained nocifensive responses to mechanical stimuli for 7 days. This increased sensitivity was correlated with elevated levels of the active form of PKA. Importantly, dietary inclusion of ECBB, but not of homemade broth, for 2 weeks prior to jaw opening was sufficient to reduce nocifensive behaviors and PKA expression. CONCLUSION Findings from this study provide evidence that ECBB attenuates nociception and expression of the pro-inflammatory protein PKA and thus may be beneficial as a nutraceutical supplement to manage inflammatory pain associated with TMD.
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20
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The Beneficial Effects of Hypiran in Ameliorating Rat Model of Ulcerative Colitis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.5812/zjrms.58919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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21
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Soliman WM, Abdellatif KRA, Knaus EE. Design, synthesis, biological evaluation, and nitric-oxide release studies of a novel series of celecoxib prodrugs possessing a nitric-oxide donor moiety. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902018000417281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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22
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Design, Synthesis, and Biological Activity of Tetrahydrobenzo[4,5]thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine Derivatives as Anti-Inflammatory Agents. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22111960. [PMID: 29137170 PMCID: PMC6150211 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22111960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
We designed and synthesized 26 prototype compounds and studied their anti-inflammatory activity and underlying molecular mechanisms. The inhibitory effects of the compounds on the production of nitric oxide (NO), cytokines, inflammatory-related proteins, and mRNAs in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages were determined by the Griess assay, Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Western blot analysis, and Reverse transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR), respectively. Our results indicated that treatment with A2, A6 and B7 significantly inhibited the secretion of NO and inflammatory cytokines in RAW264.7 cells without demonstrable cytotoxicity. It was also found that A2, A6 and B7 strongly suppressed the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase enzyme COX-2, and prevented nuclear translocation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) p65 by inhibiting the degradation of p50 and IκBα. Furthermore, the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPKs) in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells was significantly inhibited by A2, A6 and B7. These findings suggest that A2, A6 and B7 may operate as an effective anti-inflammatory agent through inhibiting the activation of NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways in macrophages. Moreover, rat paw swelling experiments showed that these compounds possess anti-inflammatory activity in vivo, with compound A6 exhibiting similar activities to the reference drug Indomethacin.
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Abstract
Single-target inhibition is an unsatisfactory therapeutic option to treat multifactorial pathologies, brought into limelight 'paradox of inflammation' beside dearth of innovation, rationalizes a shift toward 'multiple-target' design concept in anti-inflammatory research field. To improvise, two platform strategies, drugs mixture or multitarget drugs, are plausible. Dual cyclooxygenase/lipoxygenase inhibitor 'licofelone' developed after the backfire of rofecoxib due to safety concerns has fetched first light of triumph of the latter strategy. As hitting multiple targets in restraint is perhaps more viable strategy rather than single target, this review, outlines the most germane multiple target agents of synthetic and natural origin placing clear advantage in favors of multitarget strategy as real therapeutic solution for inflammation.
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24
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Ramsay RR, Tipton KF. Assessment of Enzyme Inhibition: A Review with Examples from the Development of Monoamine Oxidase and Cholinesterase Inhibitory Drugs. Molecules 2017; 22:E1192. [PMID: 28714881 PMCID: PMC6152246 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22071192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The actions of many drugs involve enzyme inhibition. This is exemplified by the inhibitors of monoamine oxidases (MAO) and the cholinsterases (ChE) that have been used for several pharmacological purposes. This review describes key principles and approaches for the reliable determination of enzyme activities and inhibition as well as some of the methods that are in current use for such studies with these two enzymes. Their applicability and potential pitfalls arising from their inappropriate use are discussed. Since inhibitor potency is frequently assessed in terms of the quantity necessary to give 50% inhibition (the IC50 value), the relationships between this and the mode of inhibition is also considered, in terms of the misleading information that it may provide. Incorporation of more than one functionality into the same molecule to give a multi-target-directed ligands (MTDLs) requires careful assessment to ensure that the specific target effects are not significantly altered and that the kinetic behavior remains as favourable with the MTDL as it does with the individual components. Such factors will be considered in terms of recently developed MTDLs that combine MAO and ChE inhibitory functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rona R Ramsay
- Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 8QP, UK.
| | - Keith F Tipton
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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25
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Venditti G, Poce G, Consalvi S, Biava M. 1,5-Diarylpyrroles as potent antitubercular and anti-inflammatory agents. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-017-2050-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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26
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Carullo G, Galligano F, Aiello F. Structure-activity relationships for the synthesis of selective cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitors: an overview (2009-2016). MEDCHEMCOMM 2017; 8:492-500. [PMID: 30108767 PMCID: PMC6072045 DOI: 10.1039/c6md00569a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Most drugs used to treat pain and inflammation act through inhibition of the enzymes prostaglandin G/H synthase, commonly known as cyclooxygenase (COX). Among these, the simultaneous inhibition of cyclooxygenase 1 (COX-1) would explain the unwanted side effects in the gastrointestinal tract and many adverse cardiovascular effects, such as high blood pressure, myocardial infarction and thrombosis. These side effects led in time to the development of NSAIDs that behave as selective COX-2 inhibitors. This manuscript highlights the structure-activity relationships which characterize the chemical scaffolds endowed with selective COX-2 inhibition. Additionally, the role of COX-2 inhibitors in the pain phenomenon and cancer is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Carullo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences , University of Calabria , 87036 Rende , Italy .
| | - F Galligano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences , University of Calabria , 87036 Rende , Italy .
| | - F Aiello
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences , University of Calabria , 87036 Rende , Italy .
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27
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Grösch S, Niederberger E, Geisslinger G. Investigational drugs targeting the prostaglandin E2 signaling pathway for the treatment of inflammatory pain. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2017; 26:51-61. [PMID: 27841017 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2017.1260544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) are the most commonly used drugs for the treatment of pain, inflammation and fever. Although they are effective for a huge number of users, their analgesic properties are not sufficient for several patients and the occurrence of side effects still constitutes a big challenge during long term therapy. Areas covered: This review gives an overview about the first and second generations of NSAIDs (COX1/2 non-selective, COX-2 selective), and their main side effects which gave still an urgent need for safer drugs and for the establishment of novel treatment strategies (improved safety, tolerability, patient convenience). The current developments of a possible third generation NSAID class comprise changes in the formulation of already approved drugs, combination therapies, dual cyclooxygenase-lipoxygenase inhibitors, NO- and H2S-releasing NSAIDs, prostaglandin synthase inhibitors and EP receptor modulators, respectively. Literature search has been done with PubMed NCBI. Expert opinion: Currently, there is no newly developed drug that is superior to the already approved selective and non-selective NSAIDs. Several novel approaches show promising analgesic efficacy but side effects are still an important problem. Solutions might be constituted by combination therapies allowing administration of lower drug doses or by individualized therapies targeting molecules apart from COX, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Grösch
- a Pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES , Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt , Frankfurt am Main , Germany
| | - Ellen Niederberger
- a Pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES , Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt , Frankfurt am Main , Germany
| | - Gerd Geisslinger
- a Pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES , Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt , Frankfurt am Main , Germany
- b Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Project Group for Translational Medicine & Pharmacology (TMP) , Frankfurt/Main , Germany
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28
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Perisé-Barrios AJ, Fuentes-Paniagua E, Sánchez-Nieves J, Serramía MJ, Alonso E, Reguera RM, Gómez R, de la Mata FJ, Muñoz-Fernández MÁ. Improved Efficiency of Ibuprofen by Cationic Carbosilane Dendritic Conjugates. Mol Pharm 2016; 13:3427-3438. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b00420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Judith Perisé-Barrios
- Laboratorio
Inmuno-Biología Molecular, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Spanish HIV HGM BioBank and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Spain
| | - Elena Fuentes-Paniagua
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica,
Campus Universitario, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Sánchez-Nieves
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Spain
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica,
Campus Universitario, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Jesús Serramía
- Laboratorio
Inmuno-Biología Molecular, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Spanish HIV HGM BioBank and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Alonso
- Laboratorio
Inmuno-Biología Molecular, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Spanish HIV HGM BioBank and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa M. Reguera
- Departamento
de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de León, Campus
de Vegazana s/n, 24071 León, Spain
| | - Rafael Gómez
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Spain
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica,
Campus Universitario, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - F. Javier de la Mata
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Spain
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica,
Campus Universitario, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Ángeles Muñoz-Fernández
- Laboratorio
Inmuno-Biología Molecular, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Spanish HIV HGM BioBank and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Spain
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29
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TRPV1-FAAH-COX: TheCouples Gamein Pain Treatment. ChemMedChem 2016; 11:1686-94. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201600111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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30
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Consalvi S, Poce G, Ragno R, Sabatino M, La Motta C, Sartini S, Calderone V, Martelli A, Ghelardini C, Di Cesare Mannelli L, Biava M. A Series of COX-2 Inhibitors Endowed with NO-Releasing Properties: Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and Docking Analysis. ChemMedChem 2016; 11:1804-11. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201600086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Consalvi
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco; Sapienza Università di Roma; Piazzale A. Moro 5 00185 Roma Italy
| | - Giovanna Poce
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco; Sapienza Università di Roma; Piazzale A. Moro 5 00185 Roma Italy
| | - Rino Ragno
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco; Sapienza Università di Roma; Piazzale A. Moro 5 00185 Roma Italy
| | - Manuela Sabatino
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco; Sapienza Università di Roma; Piazzale A. Moro 5 00185 Roma Italy
| | - Concettina La Motta
- Dipartimento di Farmacia; Università di Pisa; via Bonanno Pisano 6 56126 Pisa Italy
| | - Stefania Sartini
- Dipartimento di Farmacia; Università di Pisa; via Bonanno Pisano 6 56126 Pisa Italy
| | - Vincenzo Calderone
- Dipartimento di Farmacia; Università di Pisa; via Bonanno Pisano 6 56126 Pisa Italy
| | - Alma Martelli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia; Università di Pisa; via Bonanno Pisano 6 56126 Pisa Italy
| | - Carla Ghelardini
- Dipartimento di Neurologia Psicologia; Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino; Università degli Studi di Firenze; Viale G. Pieraccini 6 50139 Firenze Italy
| | - Lorenzo Di Cesare Mannelli
- Dipartimento di Neurologia Psicologia; Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino; Università degli Studi di Firenze; Viale G. Pieraccini 6 50139 Firenze Italy
| | - Mariangela Biava
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco; Sapienza Università di Roma; Piazzale A. Moro 5 00185 Roma Italy
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