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Mandlik DS, Mandlik SK. Atopic dermatitis: new insight into the etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and novel treatment strategies. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2021; 43:105-125. [PMID: 33645388 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2021.1889583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is the long-lasting chronic inflammatory skin condition associated with cutaneous hyper-reactivity and triggered by environmental factors. The attributes of AD include dry skin, pruritus, lichenification and frequent eczematous abrasions. This has a strong heritable aspect and typically occurs with asthma and allergic rhinitis. The complex pathological mechanism behind AD etiology is epidermal barrier destruction resulting in the lack of filaggrin protein that can induce inflammation and T-cell infiltration. T-helper 2 cell-mediated pathways also bear the responsibility of damage to the epidermal barrier. Certain causative factors for AD include microbial imbalance of skin microbiota, immunoglobulin-E-induced sensitization and neuro-inflammation. Numerous beneficial topical and oral treatments have been available to patients and there are even more drugs in the pipeline for the treatment of AD. Topical moisturizers, corticosteroids, anti-inflammatory agents such as calcineurin inhibitors, phototherapy, cAMP-specific 3, 5 half-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors and systemic immunosuppressants are widely available for AD treatments. Different positions and pathways inside the immune system including JAK-STAT, phosphodiesterase 4, aryl hydrocarbon receptor and T-helper 2 cytokines are targeted by above-mentioned drug treatments. Instead of the severe side effects of topical steroids and oral antihistamines, herbal plants and their derived phytoconstituents are commonly used for the treatment of AD. A clear understanding of AD's cellular and molecular pathogenesis through substantial advancement in genetics, skin immunology and psychological factors resulted in advancement of AD management. Therefore, the review highlights the recent advancements in the understanding of clinical features, etiology, pathogenesis, treatment and management and non-adherence to AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa S Mandlik
- Bharat Vidyapeeth, Deemed to be University, Poona College of Pharmacy, Pune, India
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Dubin C, Del Duca E, Guttman-Yassky E. Drugs for the Treatment of Chronic Hand Eczema: Successes and Key Challenges. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2020; 16:1319-1332. [PMID: 33408476 PMCID: PMC7780849 DOI: 10.2147/tcrm.s292504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic hand eczema (CHE) is a common and burdensome inflammatory skin condition seen in up to 10% of the population, more often in high-risk occupational workers. Topical therapeutics comprise the standard of care, but up to 65% of cases do not resolve after treatment, and moderate-to-severe cases are often resistant to topical therapeutics and require systemic options instead. To date, there are no systemic therapeutics approved to treat CHE in the United States, but several drugs are under investigation as potential treatments for CHE. The primary focus of this review is on the novel therapeutics, topical and systemic, that are under investigation in recently completed or currently ongoing trials. This review also briefly outlines the existing treatments utilized for CHE, often with limited success or extensive adverse effects. CHE represents a major challenge for physicians and patients alike, and efforts to improve the minimally invasive diagnostic tools and treatment paradigms are ongoing. In the near future, CHE patients may benefit from new topical and systemic therapeutics that specifically target abnormally expressed immune markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celina Dubin
- Department of Dermatology, Laboratory of Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ester Del Duca
- Department of Dermatology, Laboratory of Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Dermatology, University of Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Emma Guttman-Yassky
- Department of Dermatology, Laboratory of Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
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Kováčik A, Pullmannová P, Pavlíková L, Maixner J, Vávrová K. Behavior of 1-Deoxy-, 3-Deoxy- and N-Methyl-Ceramides in Skin Barrier Lipid Models. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3832. [PMID: 32123227 PMCID: PMC7051948 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60754-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ceramides (Cer) are essential components of the skin permeability barrier. To probe the role of Cer polar head groups involved in the interfacial hydrogen bonding, the N-lignoceroyl sphingosine polar head was modified by removing the hydroxyls in C-1 (1-deoxy-Cer) or C-3 positions (3-deoxy-Cer) and by N-methylation of amide group (N-Me-Cer). Multilamellar skin lipid models were prepared as equimolar mixtures of Cer, lignoceric acid and cholesterol, with 5 wt% cholesteryl sulfate. In the 1-deoxy-Cer-based models, the lipid species were separated into highly ordered domains (as found by X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy) resulting in similar water loss but 4–5-fold higher permeability to model substances compared to control with natural Cer. In contrast, 3-deoxy-Cer did not change lipid chain order but promoted the formation of a well-organized structure with a 10.8 nm repeat period. Yet both lipid models comprising deoxy-Cer had similar permeabilities to all markers. N-Methylation of Cer decreased lipid chain order, led to phase separation, and improved cholesterol miscibility in the lipid membranes, resulting in 3-fold increased water loss and 10-fold increased permeability to model compounds compared to control. Thus, the C-1 and C-3 hydroxyls and amide group, which are common to all Cer subclasses, considerably affect lipid miscibility and chain order, formation of periodical nanostructures, and permeability of the skin barrier lipid models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrej Kováčik
- Skin Barrier Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 50005, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Pullmannová
- Skin Barrier Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 50005, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Ludmila Pavlíková
- Skin Barrier Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 50005, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Maixner
- University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Vávrová
- Skin Barrier Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 50005, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
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Sharma H, Lather V, Grewal AS, Pandita D. Synthesis, Anti-inflammatory Activity and Docking Studies of Some Newer 1,3-Thiazolidine-2,4-dione Derivatives as Dual Inhibitors of PDE4 and PDE7. Curr Comput Aided Drug Des 2019; 15:225-234. [PMID: 30280674 DOI: 10.2174/1573409914666181003151528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) and phosphodiesterase 7 (PDE7), PDE superfamily members, increase inflammatory processes in immunomodulatory as well as pro-inflammatory cells via breakdown of cyclic adenosine monophosphate. Dual inhibitors of PDE4 and PDE7 are a novel class of drug candidates which can regulate pro-inflammatory as well as T-cell function and can be particularly advantageous in the treatment of a wide-ranging disorders associated with the immune system as well as inflammatory diseases with fewer unwanted adverse effects. OBJECTIVE The current research work was planned to design and synthesize some newer substituted 1,3- thiazolidine-2,4-dione derivatives as dual inhibitors of PDE4 and PDE7 followed by evaluation of their anti-inflammatory activity and in silico docking studies. METHODS A new series of substituted 1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione derivatives was synthesized followed by evaluation of their anti-inflammatory activity in animal models. In silico docking studies were performed for the evaluation of the binding pattern of synthesized derivatives in the binding site of both PDE4 and PDE7 proteins. RESULTS Amongst the newly synthesized derivatives, compounds 5 and 12 showed higher antiinflammatory activity in the animal model. The results of in vivo animal studies were found to be in concordance with the results of molecular docking studies. CONCLUSION These newly synthesized derivatives can act as the lead molecules for the design of safe and therapeutically effective agents for various inflammatory diseases acting via inhibition of both PDE4 and PDE7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu Sharma
- Jan Nayak Ch. Devi Lal Memorial College of Pharmacy, Sirsa 125055, Haryana, India
| | - Viney Lather
- Jan Nayak Ch. Devi Lal Memorial College of Pharmacy, Sirsa 125055, Haryana, India.,Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida 201303, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ajmer Singh Grewal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Patiala 140401, Punjab, India
| | - Deepti Pandita
- Jan Nayak Ch. Devi Lal Memorial College of Pharmacy, Sirsa 125055, Haryana, India.,Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine & Stem Cell Research, Amity University, Noida 201303, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Wang LJ, Yu YH, Fu ML, Yeh WT, Hsu JL, Yang YH, Chen WJ, Chiang BL, Pan WH. Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder is associated with allergic symptoms and low levels of hemoglobin and serotonin. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10229. [PMID: 29980754 PMCID: PMC6035203 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28702-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated whether common comorbidities or biochemical factors, such as allergic disease, anemia, inflammation, and neurotransmitters, are singly or additively associated with an increased risk of attention deficit–hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We recruited 216 children diagnosed with ADHD and 216 age-, sex-, height-, weight-, and class-matched controls from 31 elementary schools in Taipei, Taiwan. The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood questionnaire was used to measure allergic symptoms. Fasting venous blood was collected and analyzed for complete blood count, white blood cell differential count, immunoglobulin (Ig) E level, and serotonin (5-HT) level. The results showed that symptoms of both rhinitis (OR = 2.08, 95% CI = 1.42–3.05) and eczema (OR = 1.72, 95% CI = 1.02–2.88) were significantly associated with increased risk of ADHD. Children with ADHD showed considerably lower levels of hemoglobin (p = 0.001) and 5-HT (p < 0.001) and higher IgE level (p < 0.001) and eosinophil count (p = 0.001) than did control children. ADHD risk increased with the number of aforementioned biochemical risk factors present (one factor: OR = 1.87, 95% CI = 0.87–4.18; two factors: OR = 2.90, 95% CI = 1.29–6.48; three factors: OR = 4.47, 95% CI = 1.97–10.13; four factors: OR = 6.53, 95% CI = 2.43–17.57). Findings suggest that either ADHD’s etiology is multidimensional or the aforementioned conditions have shared etiology with ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Jen Wang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Hui Yu
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ling Fu
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ting Yeh
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Lung Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Humanities in Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Hsu Yang
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei J Chen
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Bor-Luen Chiang
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Harn Pan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Soualmia F, El Amri C. Serine protease inhibitors to treat inflammation: a patent review (2011-2016). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2017; 28:93-110. [PMID: 29171765 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2018.1406478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Inflammation is a physiological part of the complex biological response of tissues to counteract various harmful signals. This process involves diverse actors such as immune cells, blood vessels, and nerves as sources of mediators for inflammation control. Among them serine proteases are key elements in both physiological and pathological inflammation. AREAS COVERED Serine protease inhibitors to treat inflammatory diseases are being actively investigated by various industrial and academic institutions. The present review covers patent literature on serine protease inhibitors for the therapy of inflammatory diseases patented between 2011 and 2016. EXPERT OPINION Serine proteases regulating inflammation are versatile enzymes, usually involved in proinflammatory cytokine production and activation of immune cells. Their dysregulation during inflammation can have devastating consequences, promoting various diseases including skin and lung inflammation, neuroinflammation, and inflammatory arthritis. Several serine proteases were selected for their contribution to inflammatory diseases and significant efforts that are spread to develop inhibitors. Strategies developed for inhibitor identification consist on either peptide-based inhibitor derived from endogenous protein inhibitors or small-organic molecules. It is also worth noting that among the recent patents on serine protease inhibitors related to inflammation a significant number are related to retinal vascular dysfunction and skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feryel Soualmia
- a B2A, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Integrated Cellular Ageing and Inflammation, Molecular & Functional Enzymology , Sorbonne Universités , UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 8256 , Paris , France
| | - Chahrazade El Amri
- a B2A, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Integrated Cellular Ageing and Inflammation, Molecular & Functional Enzymology , Sorbonne Universités , UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 8256 , Paris , France
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Ngatu NR, Motoyama K, Nishimura Y, Okajima MK, Hirota R, Higashi T, Lee S, Arima H, Ikeda M, Nojima S, Kaneko T. Anti-allergic and Profilaggrin (ProFLG)-mRNA expression modulatory effects of sacran. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 105:1532-1538. [PMID: 28522399 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.05.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a skin disorder characterized by filaggrin (FLG) defect. We evaluated sacran's effects on dust-mite extracts (DME)-induced AD-like disease and also its effect on profilaggrin (proFLG) in a murine model of 2,4-dinitroflurobenze (DNFB)-induced contact hypersensitivity. In the murine AD-like disease model, allergic NC/Nga mice (N=60) were randomly divided into five treatment groups of 12 animals each: 0.2% and 1%sacran; 0.1% Tacrolimus; Vaseline and buffer-treated controls. Blood samples were drawn and serum levels of representative Th-1, Th-2 and also Th-17 (IL-17A) cytokines were assayed by Cytometric Bead Array (CBA). In the contact hypersensitivity model, diseased NC/Nga mice (N=20) were divided into four groups of five mice each [0.05%sacran, 0.05% chondroitin sulfate (CS), 0.5% prednisolone (PD), non-treated control group] and were treated for 14days. Skin biopsies were performed for the measurement of proFLG-mRNA by real-time PCR. Sacran solutions and 0.1%Tacrolimus reduced disease severity, suppressed histological changes and decreased the serum Th-1 (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-2) and Th-2 (IL-4, IL-6, IL-10) cytokines in allergic mice (vs. controls). Additionally, a marked increase of proFLG-mRNA expression was observed in 0.05%sacran group (vs. control 0.05% CS and 0.5% PD groups). Thus, Sacran might be useful as a natural skin barrier enhancer and anti-allergic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nlandu R Ngatu
- Graduate School of Health Sciences & Nursing, University of Kochi, Kochi, Japan.
| | - Keiichi Motoyama
- Department of Physical Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | | | - Maiko Kaneko Okajima
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Technology, Energy and Environment Area, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Nomi, Japan
| | - Ryoji Hirota
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Kochi University, Nankoku, Japan
| | - Taishi Higashi
- Department of Physical Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Suni Lee
- Department of Hygiene, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Arima
- Department of Physical Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan; Program for Leading Graduate Schools "Health Life Science: Interdisciplinary and Glocal Oriented (HIGO) Program", Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Mitsunori Ikeda
- Graduate School of Health Sciences & Nursing, University of Kochi, Kochi, Japan
| | - Sayumi Nojima
- Graduate School of Health Sciences & Nursing, University of Kochi, Kochi, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Kaneko
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Technology, Energy and Environment Area, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Nomi, Japan.
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Kováčik A, Opálka L, Šilarová M, Roh J, Vávrová K. Synthesis of 6-hydroxyceramide using ruthenium-catalyzed hydrosilylation–protodesilylation. Unexpected formation of a long periodicity lamellar phase in skin lipid membranes. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra16565f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthesis of 6-hydroxysphingosine ceramide and formation of unusual lamellar phase in model membranes of human epidermal barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrej Kováčik
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové
- Charles University in Prague
- 50005 Hradec Králové
- Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Opálka
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové
- Charles University in Prague
- 50005 Hradec Králové
- Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Šilarová
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové
- Charles University in Prague
- 50005 Hradec Králové
- Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Roh
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové
- Charles University in Prague
- 50005 Hradec Králové
- Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Vávrová
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové
- Charles University in Prague
- 50005 Hradec Králové
- Czech Republic
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