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Zielgerichtete Wirkstoffe für die Krebstherapie: Aktuelle Entwicklungen und Perspektiven. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201914511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Chen W, Sun Z, Lu L. Targeted Engineering of Medicinal Chemistry for Cancer Therapy: Recent Advances and Perspectives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 60:5626-5643. [PMID: 32096328 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201914511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Severe side effects and poor therapeutic efficacy are the main drawbacks of current anticancer drugs. These problems can be mitigated by targeting, but the targeting efficacy of current drugs is poor and urgently needs improvement. Taking this into consideration, this Review first summarizes the current targeting strategies for cancer therapy in terms of cancer tissue and organelles. Then, we analyse the systematic targeting of anticancer drugs and conclude that a typical journey for a targeted drug administered by intravenous injection is a CTIO cascade of at least four steps. Furthermore, to ensure high overall targeting efficacy, the properties of a targeting drug needed in each step are further analysed, and some guidelines for structure optimization to obtain effective targeting drugs are offered. Finally, some viewpoints highlighting the crucial problems and potential challenges of future research on targeted cancer therapy are presented. This review could actively promote the development of precision medicine against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Zhen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Lehui Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Changchun, 130022, China
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Alshehri SM, Al-Lohedan HA, Al-Farraj E, Alhokbany N, Chaudhary AA, Ahamad T. Macroporous natural capsules extracted from Phoenix dactylifera L. spore and their application in oral drugs delivery. Int J Pharm 2016; 504:39-47. [PMID: 26945735 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.02.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Macroporous natural sporopollenin exine capsules (SEC) were extracted from date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) and coated by natural polymer composite (carboxymethyl cellulose with epichlorohydrin). The polymer coated exine capsules (PCEC) were used in in-vitro investigations for controlled delivery of paracetamol. SEC, PCEC, and drugs loaded capsules (PCEC-PAR) were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), surface area (BET), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The length of SEC was found to be 20-20.5 μm, and the pore sized was 50-135 nm, as measured using SEM. The studies revealed that maximum loading of the drug was at pH 6.0 (97.2%, with 50 mg mL(-1)). The results indicate that by increasing the pH from 1.4 to 7.4, the cumulative release rates of paracetamol in physiological buffer solution (PBS) is more than two times as in simulated gastric fluid (SGF). In addition, the in-vitro toxicity of PCEC against Caco-2 cells was tested by the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, and the results revealed that PCEC are biocompatible materials. The overall results encourage further studies on the clinical use of PCEC as drug carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad M Alshehri
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamad A Al-Lohedan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; Surfactant Research Chair, Department of Chemistry, King Saud University, P.O. Box-2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eida Al-Farraj
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Norah Alhokbany
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anis Ahmad Chaudhary
- College of Medicine, Al-Imam Muhammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11432, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tansir Ahamad
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harpal Singh Nandhra
- a Coventry and Warwickshire Parnership Trust , Ashton House, Leamington Spa, Warwickshire , UK
| | - Akeem Sule
- b Springhouse CMHT, Biggleswade Hospital , Bigglesewade , Bedfordshire , UK , and.,c Wolfsan College, University of Cambridge , Cambridge , UK
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Pickup DM, Newport RJ, Knowles JC. Sol–Gel Phosphate-based Glass for Drug Delivery Applications. J Biomater Appl 2010; 26:613-22. [DOI: 10.1177/0885328210380761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Development of controlled, targeted drug delivery systems represents one of the frontier areas of biomaterials science, where a multidisciplinary approach is of direct benefit to human healthcare. We demonstrate herein the potential of sol–gel derived phosphate-based glass for use in drug delivery applications. Our low-temperature sol–gel synthesis of phosphate-based glasses has made it possible to incorporate relatively unstable functional molecules for controlled release. We demonstrate the potential of this approach by incorporating the chemotherapy agent cisplatin in a CaO–Na2O–P2O5 glass. X-ray absorption spectroscopy is used to show that the chlorine ligands of cisplatin undergo exchange with oxygen during the synthesis, consistent with binding to the phosphate groups of the sol–gel. UV–visible spectroscopy reveals the subsequent release of cisplatin into an aqueous medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M. Pickup
- School of Physical Sciences, Ingram Building, University of Kent Canterbury, Kent, CT2 7NH, UK
| | - Robert J. Newport
- School of Physical Sciences, Ingram Building, University of Kent Canterbury, Kent, CT2 7NH, UK
| | - Jonathan C. Knowles
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, London, WC1X 8LD, UK
- WCU Research Centre of Nanobiomedical Science, Dankook University San#29, Anseo-dong, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan-si, Chungnam 330-714, South Korea
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Wu J, Wu GY, Zern MA. The prospects of hepatic drug delivery and gene therapy. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2005; 7:1795-817. [PMID: 15991930 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.7.11.1795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Liver targeted therapy is designed to deliver a substance preferentially to the organ in order to increase the accumulation, improve the therapeutic effect and reduce toxicity to other organs. The aim of selective targeting is to deliver a substance to a specific cell type in the liver. A variety of vehicles have been designed and further modified for selective targeting of therapeutics to the liver. The targeting properties and strategies of commonly used agents, such as liposomes, microspheres and recombinant chylomicrons, are discussed. Viral and non-viral vectors, such as cationic liposomes, reconstituted chylomicron remnants, adenoviruses, adeno-associated viruses, retroviruses, and SV-40, are currently being evaluated for the delivery of DNA to the liver. New developments in improving the targeting efficiency of the available vectors while avoiding their disadvantages have made their use in clinical trials of various genetic disorders possible. For viral hepatitis, antisense and ribozyme techniques are being employed with selective targeting approaches. A commonly employed current strategy for targeting hepatocellular carcinoma cells is to make the tumour cells convert non-toxic 'prodrugs' to toxic metabolites in situ, achieving a high concentration of the toxic product in the local milieu, while avoiding systemic toxicity. Although gene therapy itself is in its infancy, some encouraging results have been developed in studies of familial hypercholesterolaemia, haemophilia, alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency and Crigler-Najjar syndrome. The potential strengths as well as the problems with these studies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107-5083, USA.
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Paschke R, Kalbitz J, Paetz C, Luckner M, Mueller T, Schmoll HJ, Mueller H, Sorkau E, Sinn E. Cholic acid-carboplatin compounds (CarboChAPt) as models for specific drug delivery: synthesis of novel carboplatin analogous derivatives and comparison of the cytotoxic properties with corresponding cisplatin compounds. J Inorg Biochem 2003; 94:335-42. [PMID: 12667704 DOI: 10.1016/s0162-0134(03)00024-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This report continues our work on new compounds which consist of three functional parts--a transport fragment, a spacer and a biologically active 'drug' component. Here cholic acid functions as the transport fragment, linked via an alkyl spacer to a carboplatin analog, representing the drug (carbo-ChAPt-Fig. 1). We describe the synthesis and characterization of the series of complexes [Pt(Cyclobutane-1,1-dicarboxylato)(diamine)], [diamine=CholCOO(CH(2))(n)CH(CH(2)NH(2))(2) and THP(CH(2))(n)CH-(CH(2)NH(2))(2), n=4, 6, 8, 11]. The compounds were characterized by elemental analysis and NMR-measurements. Cytostatic activity data are given. In general, the cytostatic activity is similar to that of the parent compound and is strongly influenced by the length of the alkyl chain spacer separating the drug and transport fragments, the ones with long chain spacers being more toxic than the parent complexes. Preliminary investigations indicate the ability of the ChAPt to break resistance of tumor cells against common platinum tumor drugs, e.g. cisplatin. They are effective even on cell lines that have developed resistance to other drugs such as cis- and carboplatin. They are more cytotoxic so they are potentially effective at lower dose concentrations. The mode of cell death was examined by trypan-blue exclusion test and DNA gelelectrophoresis. Typical fragmentation of DNA was observed and the cells were still able to exclude trypan-blue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinhard Paschke
- Biocenter of the Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06099 Halle, Germany.
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Dubowchik GM, Walker MA. Receptor-mediated and enzyme-dependent targeting of cytotoxic anticancer drugs. Pharmacol Ther 1999; 83:67-123. [PMID: 10511457 DOI: 10.1016/s0163-7258(99)00018-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
This review is a survey of various approaches to targeting cytotoxic anticancer drugs to tumors primarily through biomolecules expressed by cancer cells or associated vasculature and stroma. These include monoclonal antibody immunoconjugates; enzyme prodrug therapies, such as antibody-directed enzyme prodrug therapy, gene-directed enzyme prodrug therapy, and bacterial-directed enzyme prodrug therapy; and metabolism-based therapies that seek to exploit increased tumor expression of, e.g., proteases, low-density lipoprotein receptors, hormones, and adhesion molecules. Following a discussion of factors that positively and negatively affect drug delivery to solid tumors, we concentrate on a mechanistic understanding of selective drug release or generation at the tumor site.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Dubowchik
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Wallingford, CT 06492-7660, USA.
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Literature alerts. J Microencapsul 1998; 15:807-18. [PMID: 9818957 DOI: 10.3109/02652049809008263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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