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Riaz M, Rehman AU, Waqas M, Khalid A, Abdalla AN, Mahmood A, Hu J, Wadood A. A Novel Approach to Develop New and Potent Inhibitors for the Simultaneous Inhibition of Protease and Helicase Activities of HCV NS3/4A Protease: A Computational Approach. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031300. [PMID: 36770965 PMCID: PMC9918934 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection of hepatitis C (HCV) is a major threat to human health throughout the world. The current therapy program suffers from restricted efficiency and low tolerance, and there is serious demand frr novel medication. NS3/4A protease is observed to be very effective target for the treatment of HCV. A data set of the already reported HCV NS3/4A protease inhibitors was first docked into the NS3/4A protease (PDB ID: 4A92A) active sites of both protease and helicase sites for calculating the docking score, binding affinity, binding mode, and solvation energy. Then the data set of these reported inhibitors was used in a computer-based program "RECAP Analyses" implemented in MOE to fragment every molecule in the subset according to simple retrosynthetic analysis rules. The RECAP analysis fragments were then used in another computer-based program "RECAP Synthesis" to randomly recombine and generate synthetically reasonable novel chemical structures. The novel chemical structures thus produced were then docked against HCV NS3/4A. After a thorough validation of all undertaken steps, based on Lipinski's rule of five, docking score, binding affinity, solvation energy, and Van der Waal's interactions with HCV NS3/4A, 12 novel chemical structures were identified as inhibitors of HCV NS3/4A. The novel structures thus designed are hoped to play a key role in the development of new effective inhibitors of HCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Riaz
- Computational Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Ashfaq Ur Rehman
- School of Biological Science, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al Mauz, P.O. Box 33, Nizwa 616, Oman
| | - Asaad Khalid
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Center, Jazan University, P.O. Box 114, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plants and Traditional Medicine Research Institute, National Center for Research, Khartoum P.O. Box 2404, Sudan
| | - Ashraf N. Abdalla
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arif Mahmood
- Center for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Junjian Hu
- Department of Central Laboratory, SSL, Central Hospital of Dongguan City, Affiliated Dongguan Shilong People’s Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan 523000, China
- Correspondence: (J.H.); (A.W.)
| | - Abdul Wadood
- Computational Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (J.H.); (A.W.)
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Shah FA, Sabir S, Fatima K, Ali S, Qadri I, Rizzoli C. Organotin(iv) based anti-HCV drugs: synthesis, characterization and biochemical activity. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:10467-78. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt00862j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Organotin(iv) compounds are potential anti-HCV agents due to their interaction with RNA and their strong binding constants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farooq Ali Shah
- Department of Chemistry
- Quaid-i-Azam University
- Islamabad 45320
- Pakistan
| | - Shaista Sabir
- Research Complex
- Department of Chemistry
- Allama Iqbal Open University Islamabad
- Pakistan
| | - Kaneez Fatima
- IQ Institute of Infection and Immunity
- Lahore
- Pakistan
| | - Saqib Ali
- Department of Chemistry
- Quaid-i-Azam University
- Islamabad 45320
- Pakistan
| | - Ishtiaq Qadri
- Department of Medical Biotechnology
- King Fahd Medical Research Center
- King Abdul Aziz University
- Jeddah
- Saudi Arabia
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3
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Madan V, Paul D, Lohmann V, Bartenschlager R. Inhibition of HCV replication by cyclophilin antagonists is linked to replication fitness and occurs by inhibition of membranous web formation. Gastroenterology 2014; 146:1361-72.e1-9. [PMID: 24486951 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2014.01.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2013] [Revised: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Replication of hepatitis C virus (HCV) requires host cell factors, such as cyclophilin A (CypA). CypA binds to HCV's nonstructural protein (NS)5A to promote replication of viral RNA. CypA antagonists, such as cyclosporines, are potent inhibitors of HCV replication. NS2 modulates sensitivity of HCV to cyclosporines. We investigated why cyclosporines require NS2 to increase their inhibitory effect and how they block HCV replication. METHODS We determined replication fitness and sensitivity of various HCV replicons, containing or lacking NS2, to cyclosporine and other direct-acting antiviral agents. We also analyzed the effects of cyclosporine on membranous web formation by electron microscopy. RESULTS NS2-5B replicons of genotype 2a (JFH1), but not genotype 1b, had increased sensitivity to cyclosporine. This difference was lost with replication-attenuated NS3-5B JFH1 RNAs, showing that cyclosporine sensitivity is linked to reduced replication fitness of NS2-containing HCV RNAs. Fitness also determined sensitivity to a nucleoside analogue and an NS5A inhibitor, but not to telaprevir. Cyclosporine blocked de novo formation of the membranous web, but had little effect on established membranous replication factories. This block was prevented by cyclosporine resistance mutations in NS5A. CONCLUSIONS Cleavage at the NS2/3 junction is a rate-limiting step in replication of particular HCV isolates and determines their sensitivity to CypA inhibitors. These drugs target de novo formation of the membranous web and RNA replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Madan
- Department for Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany; German Center for Infection Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David Paul
- Department for Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Volker Lohmann
- Department for Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ralf Bartenschlager
- Department for Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany; German Center for Infection Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Wadood A, Riaz M, Uddin R, ul-Haq Z. In silico identification and evaluation of leads for the simultaneous inhibition of protease and helicase activities of HCV NS3/4A protease using complex based pharmacophore mapping and virtual screening. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89109. [PMID: 24551230 PMCID: PMC3923879 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is an alarming and growing threat to public health. The present treatment gives limited efficacy and is poorly tolerated, recommending the urgent medical demand for novel therapeutics. NS3/4A protease is a significant emerging target for the treatment of HCV infection. This work reports the complex-based pharmacophore modeling to find out the important pharmacophoric features essential for the inhibition of both protease and helicase activity of NS3/4A protein of HCV. A seven featured pharmacophore model of HCV NS3/4A protease was developed from the crystal structure of NS3/4A protease in complex with a macrocyclic inhibitor interacting with both protease and helicase sites residues via MOE pharmacophore constructing tool. It consists of four hydrogen bond acceptors (Acc), one hydrophobic (Hyd), one for lone pair or active hydrogen (Atom L) and a heavy atom feature (Atom Q). The generated pharmacophore model was validated by a test database of seventy known inhibitors containing 55 active and 15 inactive/least active compounds. The validated pharmacophore model was used to virtually screen the ChemBridge database. As a result of screening 1009 hits were retrieved and were subjected to filtering by Lipinski’s rule of five on the basis of which 786 hits were selected for further assessment using molecular docking studies. Finally, 15 hits of different scaffolds having interactions with important active site residues were predicted as lead candidates. These candidates having unique scaffolds have a strong likelihood to act as further starting points in the development of novel and potent NS3/4A protease inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Wadood
- Computational Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Khyber Pakhthunkhwa, Pakistan
- * E-mail:
| | - Muhammad Riaz
- Computational Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Khyber Pakhthunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Reaz Uddin
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, University of Karachi, Karach, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Zaheer ul-Haq
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, University of Karachi, Karach, Sindh, Pakistan
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5
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Interactions of ketoamide inhibitors on HCV NS3/4A protease target: molecular docking studies. Mol Biol Rep 2013; 41:337-45. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-013-2867-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2012] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Bowman RK, Brown AD, Cobb JH, Eaddy JF, Hatcher MA, Leivers MR, Miller JF, Mitchell MB, Patterson DE, Toczko MA, Xie S. Synthesis of HCV replicase inhibitors: base-catalyzed synthesis of protected α-hydrazino esters and selective aerobic oxidation with catalytic Pt/Bi/C for synthesis of imidazole-4,5-dicarbaldehyde. J Org Chem 2013; 78:11680-90. [PMID: 24171666 DOI: 10.1021/jo4014595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A robust convergent synthesis of the prodrugs of HCV replicase inhibitors 1-5 is described. The central 5H-imidazo[4,5-d]pyridazine core was formed from acid-catalyzed cyclocondensation of an imidazole-4,5-dicarbaldehyde (20) and a α-hydrazino ester, generated in situ from the bis-BOC-protected precursors 25 and 33. The acidic conditions not only released the otherwise unstable α-hydrazino esters but also were the key to avoid facile decarboxylation to the parent drugs from the carboxylic ester prodrugs 1-5. The bis-BOC α-hydrazino esters 25 and 33 were prepared by addition of ester enolates (from 23 and 32) to di-tert-butyl azodicarboxylate via catalysis with mild inorganic bases, such as Li2CO3. A selective aerobic oxidation with catalytic 5% Pt-Bi/C in aqueous KOH was developed to provide the dicarbaldehyde 20 from the diol 27.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy K Bowman
- Product Development and ‡HCV Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline , 5 Moore Drive, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
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7
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Campos‐de‐Magalhães M, Eduardo Brandão‐Mello C, Lúcia Elias Pires M, Cecília da Fonseca Salgado M, Barcelo de Brito S, José de Almeida A. Factor VIII and IX deficiencies related to acquired inhibitors in a patient with chronic hepatitis C virus infection receiving treatment with pegylated interferon plus ribavirin. Hematology 2013; 16:80-5. [DOI: 10.1179/102453311x12902908412156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marilza Campos‐de‐Magalhães
- Hematology Unit – Medical Clinic ‘B’Gaffrée & Guinle University Hospital, School of Medicine and Surgery, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carlos Eduardo Brandão‐Mello
- Liver Diseases Unit – Medical Clinic ‘A’Gaffrée & Guinle University Hospital, School of Medicine and Surgery, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria Lúcia Elias Pires
- Endocrinology Unit – Medical Clinic ‘A’Gaffrée & Guinle University Hospital, School of Medicine and Surgery, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria Cecília da Fonseca Salgado
- Rheumatology Unit – Medical Clinic ‘B’Gaffrée & Guinle University Hospital, School of Medicine and Surgery, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Selma Barcelo de Brito
- Hemostasis and Thrombosis LaboratoryArthur de Siqueira Cavalcanti State Hematology Institute (HEMORIO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Adilson José de Almeida
- Hematology Unit – Medical Clinic ‘B’Gaffrée & Guinle University Hospital, School of Medicine and Surgery, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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8
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Enantioselective synthesis of derivatives and structure-activity relationship study in the development of NA255 as a novel host-targeting anti-HCV agent. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:336-9. [PMID: 23164713 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.10.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Revised: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 10/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection represents a serious health-care problem. Previously we reported the identification of NA255 from our natural products library using a HCV sub-genomic replicon cell culture system. Herein, we report how the absolute stereochemistry of NA255 was determined and an enantioselective synthetic method for NA255 derivatives was developed. The structure-activity relationship of the NA255 derivatives and rat pharmacokinetic profiles of the representative compounds are disclosed.
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9
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Li X, Liu Y, Zhang YK, Plattner JJ, Baker SJ, Bu W, Liu L, Zhou Y, Ding CZ, Zhang S, Kazmierski WM, Hamatake R, Duan M, Wright LL, Smith GK, Jarvest RL, Ji JJ, Cooper JP, Tallant MD, Crosby RM, Creech K, Wang A. Synthesis and antiviral activity of novel HCV NS3 protease inhibitors with P4 capping groups. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:7351-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.10.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2012] [Revised: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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10
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Verma VA, Rossman R, Bennett F, Chen L, Gavalas S, Girijavallabhan V, Huang Y, Kim SH, Kosinski A, Pinto P, Rizvi R, Shankar B, Tong L, Velazquez F, Venkatraman S, Kozlowski J, MacCoss M, Kwong CD, Bansal N, Kezar HS, Reynolds RC, Maddry JA, Ananthan S, Secrist JA, Li C, Chase R, Curry S, Huang HC, Tong X, Njoroge FG, Arasappan A. Synthesis and SAR of geminal substitutions at the C5′ carbosugar position of pyrimidine-derived HCV inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:6967-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.08.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Revised: 08/25/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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11
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Girijavallabhan VM, Alvarez C, Bennett F, Chen L, Gavalas S, Huang Y, Kim SH, Kosinski A, Pinto P, Rizvi R, Rossman R, Shankar B, Tong L, Velazquez F, Venkatraman S, Verma VA, Kozlowski J, Shih NY, Piwinski JJ, MacCoss M, Kwong CD, Bansal N, Clark JL, Fowler AT, Kezar HS, Valiyaveettil J, Reynolds RC, Maddry JA, Ananthan S, Secrist JA, Li C, Chase R, Curry S, Huang HC, Tong X, Njoroge FG, Arasappan A. Synthesis and SAR of pyridothiazole substituted pyrimidine derived HCV replication inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:5652-7. [PMID: 22858143 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.06.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2012] [Revised: 06/26/2012] [Accepted: 06/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Introduction of a nitrogen atom into the benzene ring of a previously identified HCV replication (replicase) benzothiazole inhibitor 1, resulted in the discovery of the more potent pyridothiazole analogues 3. The potency and PK properties of the compounds were attenuated by the introductions of various functionalities at the R(1), R(2) or R(3) positions of the molecule (compound 3). Inhibitors 38 and 44 displayed excellent potency, selectivity (GAPDH/MTS CC(50)), PK parameters in all species studied, and cross genotype activity.
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12
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Discovery of ITX 4520: a highly potent orally bioavailable hepatitis C virus entry inhibitor. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:4955-61. [PMID: 22784640 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2012] [Revised: 06/10/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The manuscript reports an identification of a highly potent, orally bioavailable hepatitis C virus entry inhibitor through optimization of a previously reported class of molecules (1) that were not stable in the rat plasma. Compound 39 (ITX 4520) exhibited an excellent PK profile in both rats and dogs with good oral exposure, half-life and oral bioavailability. The compound is also well-tolerated in the preliminary in vivo toxicity studies and has been selected as a pre-clinical candidate for our HCV clinical pipeline.
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13
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Bennett F, Kezar HS, Girijavallabhan V, Huang Y, Huelgas R, Rossman R, Shih NY, Piwinski JJ, MacCoss M, Kwong CD, Clark JL, Fowler AT, Geng F, Roychowdhury A, Reynolds RC, Maddry JA, Ananthan S, Secrist JA, Li C, Chase R, Curry S, Huang HC, Tong X, George Njoroge F, Arasappan A. Pyridofuran substituted pyrimidine derivatives as HCV replication (replicase) inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:5144-9. [PMID: 22814211 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Revised: 06/04/2012] [Accepted: 06/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Introduction of nitrogen atom into the benzene ring of a previously identified HCV replication (replicase) benzofuran inhibitor 2, resulted in the discovery of the more potent pyridofuran analogue 5. Subsequent introduction of small alkyl and alkoxy ligands into the pyridine ring resulted in further improvements in replicon potency. Replacement of the 4-chloro moiety on the pyrimidine core with a methyl group, and concomitant monoalkylation of the C-2 amino moiety resulted in the identification of several inhibitors with desirable characteristics. Inhibitor 41, from the monosubstituted pyridofuran and inhibitor 50 from the disubstituted series displayed excellent potency, selectivity (GAPDH/MTS CC(50)) and PK parameters in all species studied, while the selectivity in the thymidine incorporation assay (DNA·CC(50)) was low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Bennett
- Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA.
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14
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Kazmierski WM, Hamatake R, Duan M, Wright LL, Smith GK, Jarvest RL, Ji JJ, Cooper JP, Tallant MD, Crosby RM, Creech K, Wang A, Li X, Zhang S, Zhang YK, Liu Y, Ding CZ, Zhou Y, Plattner JJ, Baker SJ, Bu W, Liu L. Discovery of Novel Urea-Based Hepatitis C Protease Inhibitors with High Potency against Protease-Inhibitor-Resistant Mutants. J Med Chem 2012; 55:3021-6. [DOI: 10.1021/jm201278q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wieslaw M. Kazmierski
- GlaxoSmithKline, Five Moore Drive, Research
Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709,
United States
| | - Robert Hamatake
- GlaxoSmithKline, Five Moore Drive, Research
Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709,
United States
| | - Maosheng Duan
- GlaxoSmithKline, Five Moore Drive, Research
Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709,
United States
| | - Lois L. Wright
- GlaxoSmithKline, Five Moore Drive, Research
Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709,
United States
| | - Gary K. Smith
- GlaxoSmithKline, Five Moore Drive, Research
Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709,
United States
| | | | - Jing-Jing Ji
- GlaxoSmithKline, Five Moore Drive, Research
Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709,
United States
| | - Joel P. Cooper
- GlaxoSmithKline, Five Moore Drive, Research
Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709,
United States
| | - Matthew D. Tallant
- GlaxoSmithKline, Five Moore Drive, Research
Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709,
United States
| | - Renae M. Crosby
- GlaxoSmithKline, Five Moore Drive, Research
Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709,
United States
| | - Katrina Creech
- GlaxoSmithKline, Five Moore Drive, Research
Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709,
United States
| | - Amy Wang
- GlaxoSmithKline, Five Moore Drive, Research
Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709,
United States
| | - Xianfeng Li
- Anacor Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 1020 E. Meadow Circle, Palo Alto, California 94303,
United States
| | - Suoming Zhang
- Anacor Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 1020 E. Meadow Circle, Palo Alto, California 94303,
United States
| | - Yong-Kang Zhang
- Anacor Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 1020 E. Meadow Circle, Palo Alto, California 94303,
United States
| | - Yang Liu
- Anacor Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 1020 E. Meadow Circle, Palo Alto, California 94303,
United States
| | - Charles Z. Ding
- Anacor Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 1020 E. Meadow Circle, Palo Alto, California 94303,
United States
| | - Yasheen Zhou
- Anacor Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 1020 E. Meadow Circle, Palo Alto, California 94303,
United States
| | - Jacob J. Plattner
- Anacor Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 1020 E. Meadow Circle, Palo Alto, California 94303,
United States
| | - Stephen J. Baker
- Anacor Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 1020 E. Meadow Circle, Palo Alto, California 94303,
United States
| | - Wei Bu
- Anacor Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 1020 E. Meadow Circle, Palo Alto, California 94303,
United States
| | - Liang Liu
- Anacor Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 1020 E. Meadow Circle, Palo Alto, California 94303,
United States
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15
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Ismail MA, Abou El Ella DA, Abouzid KA, Mahmoud AH. Integrated structure-based activity prediction model of benzothiadiazines on various genotypes of HCV NS5b polymerase (1a, 1b and 4) and its application in the discovery of new derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:2455-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2011] [Revised: 12/25/2011] [Accepted: 01/05/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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16
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Duvignaud JB, Majeau N, Delisle P, Voyer N, Gagné SM, Leclerc D. Interfering with hepatitis C virus assembly in vitro using affinity peptides directed towards core protein. Can J Microbiol 2012; 58:475-82. [DOI: 10.1139/w2012-009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Viral assembly is a crucial key step in the life cycle of every virus. In the case of Hepatitis C virus (HCV), the core protein is the only structural protein to interact directly with the viral genomic RNA. Purified recombinant core protein is able to self-assemble in vitro into nucleocapsid-like particles upon addition of a structured RNA, providing a robust assay with which to study HCV assembly. Inhibition of self-assembly of the C170 core protein (first 170 amino acids) was tested using short peptides derived from the HCV core, from HCV NS5A protein, and from diverse proteins (p21 and p73) known to interact with HCV core protein. Interestingly, peptides derived from the core were the best inhibitors. These peptides are derived from regions of the core predicted to be involved in the interaction between core subunits during viral assembly. We also demonstrated that a peptide derived from the C-terminal end of NS5A protein moderately inhibits the assembly process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Baptiste Duvignaud
- PROTEO, IBIS and Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Infectious Diseases Research Centre, CHUL, Université Laval, 2705 boulevard Laurier, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Nathalie Majeau
- Infectious Diseases Research Centre, CHUL, Université Laval, 2705 boulevard Laurier, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Priscilla Delisle
- PROTEO and Department of Chemistry, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Normand Voyer
- PROTEO and Department of Chemistry, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Stéphane M. Gagné
- PROTEO, IBIS and Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Denis Leclerc
- Infectious Diseases Research Centre, CHUL, Université Laval, 2705 boulevard Laurier, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
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17
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5-Benzothiazole substituted pyrimidine derivatives as HCV replication (replicase) inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:3229-34. [PMID: 22472692 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2012] [Accepted: 03/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Based on a previously identified HCV replication (replicase) inhibitor 1, SAR efforts were conducted around the pyrimidine core to improve the potency and pharmacokinetic profile of the inhibitors. A benzothiazole moiety was found to be the optimal substituent at the pyrimidine 5-position. Due to potential reactivity concern, the 4-chloro residue was replaced by a methyl group with some loss in potency and enhanced rat in vivo profile. Extensive investigations at the C-2 position resulted in identification of compound 16 that demonstrated very good replicon potency, selectivity and rodent plasma/target organ concentration. Inhibitor 16 also demonstrated good plasma levels and oral bioavailability in dogs, while monkey exposure was rather low. Chemistry optimization towards a practical route to install the benzothiazole moiety resulted in an efficient direct C-H arylation protocol.
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18
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Fusco DN, Chung RT. Novel Therapies for Hepatitis C: Insights from the Structure of the Virus. Annu Rev Med 2012; 63:373-387. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-med-042010-085715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
For the first time since the discovery of the hepatitis C virus (HCV), therapeutic options for hepatitis C have expanded. Several agents directly effective against HCV are now in development, including both direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs) and host cofactor inhibitors. DAAs have been developed to inhibit several HCV proteins, including the NS3/4A serine protease, the NS5B RNA polymerase, NS5A, and NS4B. Host cofactor inhibitors include, but are not limited to, cyclophilin inhibitors, miR122 antagonists, and statins. Development of these agents represents a major advance in HCV therapeutics. This review provides a guide to HCV drugs in various stages of development, including an introduction to their mechanism of action, state of clinical development, efficacy, and side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahlene N. Fusco
- Gastroenterology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114;,
| | - Raymond T. Chung
- Gastroenterology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114;,
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19
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Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the leading cause of liver transplantation in Europe and is associated with an increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Because of the chronic nature of the disease, estimates suggest that the burden on healthcare will increase dramatically for this entity. Clinical care of patients with HCV-related liver disease has advanced considerably in the last two decades, thanks to increasing knowledge about the mechanisms of the disease, development of diagnostic procedures, and advances in therapeutic and preventive approaches. HCV RNA testing, HCV genotyping and staging of liver disease are essential for the diagnosis and the management of HCV therapy. Furthermore, the important role of host polymorphisms of the IL28B gene on virological response to treatment with pegylated interferon (PEG-IFN) alpha and ribavirin (RBV) has recently been clearly demonstrated. In relation to treatment, although numerous drugs for HCV are in various stages of preclinical and clinical development, the current standard of care (SoC) is the combination of PEG-IFN-α and RBV for chronic hepatitis C. With SoC, a sustained viral response (SVR) is achieved in approximately 45% of patients infected with HCV genotype 1 and in approximately 80% of patients infected with HCV genotypes 2 and 3. The EASL HCV guidelines recommend treating all naïve patients with compensated disease from HCV without contraindications to treatment and strongly suggest initiating SoC promptly in patients with advanced fibrosis. Further recommendations on monitoring treatment efficacy, treatment duration, dose reduction indications and the role of co-factors are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
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- Sezione di Gastroenterologia ed Epatologia, Di.Bi.M.I.S., University of Palermo, Italy.
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20
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Novel substituted pyrimidines as HCV replication (replicase) inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:1160-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.11.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2011] [Accepted: 11/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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21
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Mahmoud AH, Mohamed Abouzid KA, El Ella DAERA, Hamid Ismail MA. Optimization of Benzoisothiazole dioxide inhibitory activity of the NS5B polymerase of HCV genotype 4 using ligand-steered homological modeling, reaction-driven scaffold-hopping and Enovo workflow. Bioinformation 2011; 7:328-33. [PMID: 22355232 PMCID: PMC3280486 DOI: 10.6026/97320630007328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2011] [Accepted: 11/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection caused by hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a significant world health problem for which novel therapies are in urgent demand. The virus is highly prevalent in the Middle East and Africa particularly Egypt with more than 90% of infections due to genotype 4. Nonstructural (NS5B) viral proteins have emerged as an attractive target for HCV antivirals discovery. A potent class of inhibitors having benzisothiazole dioxide scaffold has been identified on this target, however they were mainly active on genotype 1 while exhibiting much lowered activity on other genotypes due to the high degree of mutation of its binding site. Based on this fact, we employed a novel strategy to optimize this class on genotype 4. This strategy depends on using a refined ligand-steered homological model of this genotype to study the mutation binding energies of the binding site amino acid residues, the essential features for interaction and provide a structure-based pharmacophore model that can aid optimization. This model was applied on a focused library which was generated using a reaction-driven scaffold-hopping strategy. The hits retrieved were subjected to Enovo pipeline pilot optimization workflow that employs R-group enumeration, core-constrained protein docking using modified CDOCKER and finally ranking of poses using an accurate molecular mechanics generalized Born with surface area method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr Hamed Mahmoud
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
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22
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Manfroni G, Meschini F, Barreca ML, Leyssen P, Samuele A, Iraci N, Sabatini S, Massari S, Maga G, Neyts J, Cecchetti V. Pyridobenzothiazole derivatives as new chemotype targeting the HCV NS5B polymerase. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 20:866-76. [PMID: 22197397 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.11.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2011] [Revised: 11/25/2011] [Accepted: 11/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has been recognized as the major cause of liver failure that can lead to hepatocellular carcinoma. Among all the HCV proteins, NS5B polymerase represents a leading target for drug discovery strategies. Herein, we describe our initial research efforts towards the identification of new chemotypes as allosteric NS5B inhibitors. In particular, the design, synthesis, in vitro anti-NS5B and in cellulo anti-HCV evaluation of a series of 1-oxo-1H-pyrido[2,1-b][1,3]benzothiazole-4-carboxylate derivatives are reported. Some of the newly synthesized compounds showed an IC(50) ranging from 11 to 23 μM, and molecular modeling and biochemical studies suggested that the thumb domain could be the target site for this new class of NS5B inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Manfroni
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy.
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23
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Flisiak R, Halota W, Horban A, Juszczyk J, Pawlowska M, Simon K. Prevalence and risk factors of HCV infection in Poland. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2011; 23:1213-7. [PMID: 22002000 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0b013e32834d173c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND According to small studies carried out in preselected populations, the estimated prevalence of anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibodies in Poland ranges from 0.6 to 2.1%. AIMS The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of anti-HCV and HCV RNA among patients and healthcare workers. METHODS Anti-HCV antibodies were measured (Elecsys, Roche) in serum samples from 26,057 adults, consecutive patients or healthcare workers, from hospitals and out patient clinics not involved in the management of liver diseases. The majority of them (18,233) consented to fill out an anonymous questionnaire related to possible risk factors for HCV infection. Anti-HCV-positive samples were assessed for HCV RNA (Cobas Amplicor, Roche). A multivariate logistic regression model and the χ² test or the Fisher's exact test were applied. RESULTS Anti-HCV antibodies were detected in 1.9% of individuals, and 31% of them demonstrated HCV RNA, which varied from 26% in hospitals to 66% in specialistic out-patient clinics. Prevalence of anti-HCV was significantly lower in healthcare workers (1.42%) than in patients (1.92%). Significant independent risk factors for anti-HCV positivity were as follows: male sex, more than three hospitalizations in a lifetime, blood transfusions before 1992, and intravenous drug use. The only significant risk factor for HCV RNA was intravenous drug use. An analysis carried out for multispecialistic hospitals demonstrated significantly lower prevalence of HCV RNA positivity in healthcare workers. CONCLUSION Prevalence of anti-HCV in the Polish population studied was up to 1.9%, but active infection could be diagnosed in only 31% of them. Intravenous drug use, blood transfusions before 1992, multiple hospitalizations, and male sex increase the risk of HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Flisiak
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, ul. Zurawia 14, Poland.
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24
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Mittapalli GK, Jackson A, Zhao F, Lee H, Chow S, McKelvy J, Wong-Staal F, Macdonald JE. Discovery of highly potent small molecule Hepatitis C Virus entry inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:6852-5. [PMID: 21978675 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2011] [Revised: 09/01/2011] [Accepted: 09/06/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Novel, highly potent small molecule HCV entry inhibitors are reported. The SAR exploration of a hit molecule identified from screening of a compound library led to the identification of highly potent compounds with IC(50) values of <5 nM in the tissue culture HCV infectious assay.
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25
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EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines: management of hepatitis C virus infection. J Hepatol 2011; 55:245-64. [PMID: 21371579 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2011.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 968] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2011] [Accepted: 02/24/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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26
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Ranjith-Kumar CT, Wen Y, Baxter N, Bhardwaj K, Cheng Kao C. A cell-based assay for RNA synthesis by the HCV polymerase reveals new insights on mechanism of polymerase inhibitors and modulation by NS5A. PLoS One 2011; 6:e22575. [PMID: 21799903 PMCID: PMC3142182 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0022575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2011] [Accepted: 06/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA synthesis by the genotype 1b hepatitis C virus (HCV) polymerase (NS5B) transiently expressed in Human embryonic kidney 293T cells or liver hepatocytes was found to robustly stimulate RIG-I-dependent luciferase production from the interferon β promoter in the absence of exogenously provided ligand. This cell-based assay, henceforth named the 5BR assay, could be used to examine HCV polymerase activity in the absence of other HCV proteins. Mutations that decreased de novo initiated RNA synthesis in biochemical assays decreased activation of RIG-I signaling. In addition, NS5B that lacks the C-terminal transmembrane helix but remains competent for RNA synthesis could activate RIG-I signaling. The addition of cyclosporine A to the cells reduced luciferase levels without affecting agonist-induced RIG-I signaling. Furthermore, non-nucleoside inhibitor benzothiadiazines (BTDs) that bind within the template channel of the 1b NS5B were found to inhibit the readout from the 5BR assay. Mutation M414T in NS5B that rendered the HCV replicon resistant to BTD was also resistant to BTDs in the 5BR assay. Co-expression of the HCV NS5A protein along with NS5B and RIG-I was found to inhibit the readout from the 5BR assay. The inhibition by NS5A was decreased with the removal of the transmembrane helix in NS5B. Lastly, NS5B from all six major HCV genotypes showed robust activation of RIG-I in the 5BR assay. In summary, the 5BR assay could be used to validate inhibitors of the HCV polymerase as well as to elucidate requirements for HCV-dependent RNA synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. T. Ranjith-Kumar
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Yahong Wen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Nielson Baxter
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Kanchan Bhardwaj
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America
| | - C. Cheng Kao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America
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27
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Allosteric inhibition of the hepatitis C virus NS5B polymerase: in silico strategies for drug discovery and development. Future Med Chem 2011; 3:1027-55. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc.11.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic infection by hepatitis C virus (HCV) often leads to severe liver disease including cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma and liver failure. Despite it being more than 20 years since the identification of HCV, the current standard of care for treating the infection is based on aspecific therapy often associated with severe side effects and low-sustained virological response. Research is ongoing to develop new and better medications, including a broad range of allosteric NS5B polymerase inhibitors. This article reviews traditional computational methodologies and more recently developed in silico strategies aimed at identifying and optimizing non-nucleoside inhibitors targeting allosteric sites of HCV NS5B polymerase. The drug-discovery approaches reviewed could provide take-home lessons for general computer-aided research projects.
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28
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Jackson RW, LaPorte MG, Herbertz T, Draper TL, Gaboury JA, Rippin SR, Patel R, Chunduru SK, Benetatos CA, Young DC, Burns CJ, Condon SM. The discovery and structure–activity relationships of pyrano[3,4-b]indole-based inhibitors of hepatitis C virus NS5B polymerase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:3227-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.04.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2011] [Revised: 04/11/2011] [Accepted: 04/12/2011] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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29
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Li X, Zhang S, Zhang YK, Liu Y, Ding CZ, Zhou Y, Plattner JJ, Baker SJ, Bu W, Liu L, Kazmierski WM, Duan M, Grimes RM, Wright LL, Smith GK, Jarvest RL, Ji JJ, Cooper JP, Tallant MD, Crosby RM, Creech K, Ni ZJ, Zou W, Wright J. Synthesis and SAR of acyclic HCV NS3 protease inhibitors with novel P4-benzoxaborole moieties. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:2048-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2011] [Revised: 02/01/2011] [Accepted: 02/02/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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30
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Kwofie SK, Radovanovic A, Sundararajan VS, Maqungo M, Christoffels A, Bajic VB. Dragon exploratory system on hepatitis C virus (DESHCV). INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2010; 11:734-9. [PMID: 21194573 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2010.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2010] [Revised: 11/30/2010] [Accepted: 12/08/2010] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Even though hepatitis C virus (HCV) cDNA was characterized about 20 years ago, there is insufficient understanding of the molecular etiology underlying HCV infections. Current global rates of infection and its increasingly chronic character are causes of concern for health policy experts. Vast amount of data accumulated from biochemical, genomic, proteomic, and other biological analyses allows for novel insights into the HCV viral structure, life cycle and functions of its proteins. Biomedical text-mining is a useful approach for analyzing the increasing corpus of published scientific literature on HCV. We report here the first comprehensive HCV customized biomedical text-mining based online web resource, dragon exploratory system on hepatitis C virus (DESHCV), a biomedical text-mining and relationship exploring knowledge base was developed by exploring literature on HCV. The pre-compiled dictionaries existing in the dragon exploratory system (DES) were enriched with biomedical concepts pertaining to HCV proteins, their name variants and symbols to make it suitable for targeted information exploration and knowledge extraction as focused on HCV. A list of 32,895 abstracts retrieved via PubMed database using specific keywords searches related to HCV were processed based on concept recognition of terms from several dictionaries. The web query interface enables retrieval of information using specified concepts, keywords and phrases, generating text-derived association networks and hypotheses, which could be tested to identify potentially novel relationship between different concepts. Such an approach could also augment efforts in the search for diagnostic or even therapeutic targets. DESHCV thus represents online literature-based discovery resource freely accessible for academic and non-profit users via http://apps.sanbi.ac.za/DESHCV/ and its mirror site http://cbrc.kaust.edu.sa/deshcv/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel K Kwofie
- South African National Bioinformatics Institute, University of the Western Cape, Modderdam Road, Bellville, Cape Town, South Africa
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31
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Narjes F, Crescenzi B, Ferrara M, Habermann J, Colarusso S, Ferreira MDRR, Stansfield I, Mackay AC, Conte I, Ercolani C, Zaramella S, Palumbi MC, Meuleman P, Leroux-Roels G, Giuliano C, Fiore F, Di Marco S, Baiocco P, Koch U, Migliaccio G, Altamura S, Laufer R, De Francesco R, Rowley M. Discovery of (7R)-14-cyclohexyl-7-{[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl](methyl) amino}-7,8-dihydro-6H-indolo[1,2-e][1,5]benzoxazocine-11-carboxylic acid (MK-3281), a potent and orally bioavailable finger-loop inhibitor of the hepatitis C virus NS5B polymerase. J Med Chem 2010; 54:289-301. [PMID: 21141896 DOI: 10.1021/jm1013105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Infections caused by hepatitis C virus (HCV) are a significant world health problem for which novel therapies are in urgent demand. The polymerase of HCV is responsible for the replication of viral genome and has been a prime target for drug discovery efforts. Here, we report on the further development of tetracyclic indole inhibitors, binding to an allosteric site on the thumb domain. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies around an indolo-benzoxazocine scaffold led to the identification of compound 33 (MK-3281), an inhibitor with good potency in the HCV subgenomic replication assay and attractive molecular properties suitable for a clinical candidate. The compound caused a consistent decrease in viremia in vivo using the chimeric mouse model of HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Narjes
- Istituto Di Ricerche Di Biologia Molecolare, P. Angeletti SpA (Merck Research Laboratories, Rome), Pomezia, Italy.
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32
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Li X, Zhang YK, Liu Y, Zhang S, Ding CZ, Zhou Y, Plattner JJ, Baker SJ, Liu L, Bu W, Kazmierski WM, Wright LL, Smith GK, Jarvest RL, Duan M, Ji JJ, Cooper JP, Tallant MD, Crosby RM, Creech K, Ni ZJ, Zou W, Wright J. Synthesis of new acylsulfamoyl benzoxaboroles as potent inhibitors of HCV NS3 protease. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:7493-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2010] [Revised: 09/28/2010] [Accepted: 10/01/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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33
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Ding CZ, Zhang YK, Li X, Liu Y, Zhang S, Zhou Y, Plattner JJ, Baker SJ, Liu L, Duan M, Jarvest RL, Ji J, Kazmierski WM, Tallant MD, Wright LL, Smith GK, Crosby RM, Wang AA, Ni ZJ, Zou W, Wright J. Synthesis and biological evaluations of P4-benzoxaborole-substituted macrocyclic inhibitors of HCV NS3 protease. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:7317-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.10.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2010] [Revised: 10/11/2010] [Accepted: 10/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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34
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Jonckers THM, Lin TI, Buyck C, Lachau-Durand S, Vandyck K, Van Hoof S, Vandekerckhove LAM, Hu L, Berke JM, Vijgen L, Dillen LLA, Cummings MD, de Kock H, Nilsson M, Sund C, Rydegård C, Samuelsson B, Rosenquist Å, Fanning G, Van Emelen K, Simmen K, Raboisson P. 2′-Deoxy-2′-spirocyclopropylcytidine Revisited: A New and Selective Inhibitor of the Hepatitis C Virus NS5B Polymerase. J Med Chem 2010; 53:8150-60. [DOI: 10.1021/jm101050a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tim H. M. Jonckers
- Tibotec BVBA, A Division of Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Tse-I Lin
- Tibotec BVBA, A Division of Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Christophe Buyck
- Tibotec BVBA, A Division of Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Sophie Lachau-Durand
- Tibotec BVBA, A Division of Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Koen Vandyck
- Tibotec BVBA, A Division of Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Steven Van Hoof
- Tibotec BVBA, A Division of Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Leen A. M. Vandekerckhove
- Tibotec BVBA, A Division of Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Lili Hu
- Tibotec BVBA, A Division of Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Jan Martin Berke
- Tibotec BVBA, A Division of Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Leen Vijgen
- Tibotec BVBA, A Division of Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Lieve L. A. Dillen
- Tibotec BVBA, A Division of Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Maxwell D. Cummings
- Tibotec BVBA, A Division of Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Herman de Kock
- Tibotec BVBA, A Division of Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Gregory Fanning
- Tibotec BVBA, A Division of Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Kristof Van Emelen
- Tibotec BVBA, A Division of Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Kenneth Simmen
- Tibotec BVBA, A Division of Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Pierre Raboisson
- Tibotec BVBA, A Division of Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
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35
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Management of chronic viral hepatitis in patients with thalassemia: recommendations from an international panel. Blood 2010; 116:2875-83. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2009-11-248724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractChelation therapy with new drugs prevents cardiac damage and improves the survival of thalassemia patients. Liver diseases have emerged as a critical clinical issue. Chronic liver diseases play an important role in the prognosis of thalassemia patients because of the high frequency of viral infections and important role of the liver in regulating iron metabolism. Accurate assessment of liver iron overload is required to tailor iron chelation therapy. The diagnosis of hepatitis B virus– or hepatitis C virus–related chronic hepatitis is required to detect patients who have a high risk of developing liver complications and who may benefit by antiviral therapy. Moreover, clinical management of chronic liver disease in thalassemia patients is a team management issue requiring a multidisciplinary approach. The purposes of this paper are to summarize the knowledge on the epidemiology and the risks of transmission of viral infections, to analyze invasive and noninvasive methods for the diagnosis of chronic liver disease, to report the knowledge on clinical course of chronic viral hepatitis, and to suggest the management of antiviral therapy in thalassemia patients with chronic hepatitis B or C virus or cirrhosis.
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36
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Powdrill MH, Bernatchez JA, Götte M. Inhibitors of the Hepatitis C Virus RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase NS5B. Viruses 2010; 2:2169-2195. [PMID: 21994615 PMCID: PMC3185568 DOI: 10.3390/v2102169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2010] [Revised: 09/06/2010] [Accepted: 09/06/2010] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
More than 20 years after the identification of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) as a novel human pathogen, the only approved treatment remains a combination of pegylated interferon-α and ribavirin. This rather non-specific therapy is associated with severe side effects and by far not everyone benefits from treatment. Recently, progress has been made in the development of specifically targeted antiviral therapy for HCV (STAT-C). A major target for such direct acting antivirals (DAAs) is the HCV RNA-dependent RNA polymerase or non-structural protein 5B (NS5B), which is essential for viral replication. This review will examine the current state of development of inhibitors targeting the polymerase and issues such as the emergence of antiviral resistance during treatment, as well as strategies to address this problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan H. Powdrill
- McGill University, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, 3775 University Room D6, Montreal Quebec, H3A2B4, Canada; E-Mail:
| | - Jean A. Bernatchez
- McGill University, Department of Biochemistry, 3775 University Room D6, Montreal Quebec, H3A2B4, Canada; E-Mail:
| | - Matthias Götte
- McGill University, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, 3775 University Room D6, Montreal Quebec, H3A2B4, Canada; E-Mail:
- McGill University, Department of Biochemistry, 3775 University Room D6, Montreal Quebec, H3A2B4, Canada; E-Mail:
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Flisiak R, Flisiak I. Albinterferon-alfa 2b: a new treatment option for hepatitis C. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2010; 10:1509-15. [DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2010.521494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Mutations in hepatitis C virus NS3 protease domain associated with resistance to specific protease inhibitors in antiviral therapy naïve patients. Arch Virol 2010; 155:807-11. [PMID: 20405151 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-010-0642-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2009] [Accepted: 01/28/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of naturally occurring mutations in hepatitis C virus associated with resistance to protease inhibitors in chronically infected patients has not been reported in Brazil. The NS3 serine protease domain was sequenced in 114 therapy-naïve patients infected with subtype 1a (n = 48), 1b (n = 53), or 3a (n = 13). A V36L mutation was observed in 5.6% patients infected with subtype 1b and in all isolates of the 3a subtype, and a T54S mutation was detected in 4.1% of isolates of subtype 1a. In conclusion, the presence of variants carrying mutations associated with resistance to protease inhibitors in therapy-naïve patients may be important for future therapeutic strategies.
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