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Jaryal R, Khan SA. Liquid-assisted mechanochemical synthesis, crystallographic, theoretical and molecular docking study on HIV instasome of novel copper complexes: (µ-acetato)-bis(2,2'-bipyridine)-copper and bromidotetrakis(2-methyl-1H-imidazole)-copper bromide. Biometals 2023; 36:975-996. [PMID: 37010713 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-023-00498-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
In the present work the two new Cu(II) complexes, (µ-acetato)-bis(2,2'-bipyridine)-copper [Cu(bpy)2(CH3CO2)] and bromidotetrakis(2-methyl-1H-imidazole)-copper bromide [Cu(2-methylimid)4Br]Br have been synthesized by liquid assisted mechanochemical method. The [Cu(bpy)2(CH3CO2)] complex (1) and [Cu(2-methylimid)4Br]Br complex (2) characterised by IR and UV-visible spectroscopy and the structure are confirmed by XRD diffraction studies. Complex (1) crystallized in the Monoclinic with the space group of C2/c where a = 24.312(5) Å, b = 8.5892(18) Å, c = 14.559(3) Å, α = 90°, β = 106.177(7)° and γ = 90° and Complex (2) crystallized in the Tetragonal with the space group of P4nc, a = 9.9259(2) Å, b = 9.9259(2) Å, c = 10.9357(2) Å, α = 90°, β = 90° and γ = 90°. The complex (1) has distorted octahedral geometry where the acetate ligand showed bidentate bridging with the central metal ion and complex (2) has slightly deformed square pyramidal geometry. The HOMO-LUMO energy gap value and the low chemical potential showed that the complex (2) is stable and difficult to polarize compare to complex (1). The molecular docking study of complexes with the HIV instasome nucleoprotein showed the binding energy values - 7.1 and - 5.3 kcal/mol for complex (1) and complex (2) respectively. The negative binding energy values showed the complexes have affinity to bind with HIV instasome nucleoproteins. The in-silico pharmacokinetic study of the complex (1) and complex (2) showed non AMES toxicity, non-carcinogens and low honey Bee toxicity but weakly inhibit Human Ether-a-go-go-related gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchika Jaryal
- Chemistry Department, DAV PG College, Jai Prakash University, Siwan, Bihar, 841226, India.
| | - Shamshad Ahmad Khan
- Chemistry Department, DAV PG College, Jai Prakash University, Siwan, Bihar, 841226, India
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Rastkar MB, Mohtat B, Marandi GB, Djahaniani H. A Convenient One-Pot Synthesis of 5-Aryl-N-cyclohexyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-carboxamides via Aza-Wittig/Isocyanide-based Three-Component Reaction. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428022070144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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3
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Güleç Ö, Türkeş C, Arslan M, Demir Y, Yeni Y, Hacımüftüoğlu A, Ereminsoy E, Küfrevioğlu Öİ, Beydemir Ş. Cytotoxic effect, enzyme inhibition, and in silico studies of some novel N-substituted sulfonyl amides incorporating 1,3,4-oxadiazol structural motif. Mol Divers 2022; 26:2825-2845. [PMID: 35397086 PMCID: PMC8994094 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-022-10422-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract The acetylcholinesterase and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (AChEIs and hCAIs) remain key therapeutic agents for many bioactivities such as anti-Alzheimer and antiobesity antiepileptic, anticancer, antiinfective, antiglaucoma, and diuretic effects. Here, it has been attempted to discover novel multi-target AChEIs and hCAIs that are highly potent, orally bioavailable, may be brain penetrant, and have higher effectiveness at lower doses than tacrine and acetazolamide. After detailed investigations both in vitro and in silico, novel N-substituted sulfonyl amide derivatives (6a–j) were determined to be highly potent inhibitors for AChE and hCAs (KIs are in the range of 23.11–52.49 nM, 18.66–59.62 nM, and 9.33–120.80 nM for AChE, hCA I, and hCA II, respectively). Moreover, according to the cytotoxic effect studies, such as the ADME-Tox, cortex neuron cells, and neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line, compounds 6a, 6d, and 6h, which are the most potent representative versus the target enzymes, were identified as orally bioavailable, highly selective, and brain preferentially distributed AChEIs and hCAIs. The docking studies revealed precise binding modes between 6a, 6d, and 6h and hCA II, hCA I, and AChE, respectively. The results presented here might provide a solid basis for further investigation into more potent AChEIs and hCAIs. Graphical abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11030-022-10422-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özcan Güleç
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, Sakarya University, 54187, Serdivan, Sakarya, Türkiye
| | - Cüneyt Türkeş
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, 24002, Erzincan, Türkiye.
| | - Mustafa Arslan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, Sakarya University, 54187, Serdivan, Sakarya, Türkiye.
| | - Yeliz Demir
- Department of Pharmacy Services, Nihat Delibalta Göle Vocational High School, Ardahan University, 75700, Ardahan, Türkiye
| | - Yeşim Yeni
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, 25240, Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Ahmet Hacımüftüoğlu
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, 25240, Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Ergün Ereminsoy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Atatürk University, 25240, Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Ömer İrfan Küfrevioğlu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Atatürk University, 25240, Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Şükrü Beydemir
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470, Eskişehir, Türkiye.,The Rectorate of Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, 11230, Bilecik, Türkiye
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Kumari S, Kumar R, Mazumder A, Salahuddin, Saxena S, Sharma D, Joshi S, Abdullah MM. Recent updates on Synthetic Strategies and Biological Potential of 1,3,4-oxadiazole: Review. LETT ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1570178619666211231110106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
Among the large variety of nitrogen and oxygen-containing heterocycles, 1,3,4-oxadiazole, the scaffold, has attracted considerable attention owing to its ability to show an extensive range of pharmacological actions. According to literature investigations, prepared 1,3,4-oxadiazole and its derivative are pharmacologically significant and consist of a variety of activities, such as anticonvulsant, anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antidiabetic, etc. These heterocyclics are formed mainly by the cyclization reactions of various reactants under diverse reaction circumstances. Therefore, significant efforts of organic chemists have been directed towards the synthesis of new drug candidates containing 1,3,4-oxadiazole subunits connected to an established potential pharmacophore to improve the efficacy and potency. This article aims to highlight recent publications on the various synthesis techniques of 1,3,4-oxadiazole and related compounds over the previous ten years (2011–2021). The purpose of this review is to help researchers by summarizing several synthetic strategies for synthesizing oxadiazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunita Kumari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology, (Pharmacy Institute), Greater Noida, India
| | - Rajnish Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology, (Pharmacy Institute), Greater Noida, India
| | - Avijit Mazumder
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology, (Pharmacy Institute), Greater Noida, India
| | - Salahuddin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology, (Pharmacy Institute), Greater Noida, India
| | - Shivani Saxena
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology, (Pharmacy Institute), Greater Noida, India
| | - Divya Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology, (Pharmacy Institute), Greater Noida, India
| | - Sagar Joshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology, (Pharmacy Institute), Greater Noida, India
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Vejendla A, Talari S, Moturu R, Boddapati SNM, Kola AE. Method development and validation for Cabotegravir and Rilpivirine by using HPLC and its degradants are characterized by LCMS and FTIR. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-021-00355-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Using a Symmetry C18 (4.6 × 150 mm, 3.5) column, a high-performance liquid chromatographic method for quantification of Rilpivirine and Cabotegravir in active pharmaceutical ingredients was developed and validated. The mobile phase is made up of buffer, acetonitrile, and 0.1 percent formic acid in a 20:80v/v ratio. The flow rate was kept constant at 1.0 ml/min, and detection was accomplished through absorption at 231 nm with a photodiode array detector.
Results
The calibration curve was linear, with a regression coefficient (R2) value of 0.999 and concentrations ranging from 30 to 450 g/ml of Rilpivirine and 20–300 g/ml of Cabotegravir. The method's LOD and LOQ were 0.375 g/ml, 1.238 g/ml, and 0.25 g/ml, 0.825 g/ml for Rilpivirine and Cabotegravir, respectively.
Conclusions
In the forced degradation studies, the degradants were characterized by using LCMS and FTIR. The current application was found to be simple, economical, and suitable, and validated according to ICH guidelines.
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Karabelyov V, Kondeva-Burdina M, Angelova VT. Synthetic approaches to unsymmetrical 2,5-disubstituted 1,3,4-oxadiazoles and their MAO-B inhibitory activity. A review. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 29:115888. [PMID: 33360082 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Selective monoamine oxidase type B (MAO-B) inhibitors are currently used as coadjuvants for treating early motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease. Aiming at the elucidation of MAO-B inhibitors with 1,3,4-oxadiazole scaffolds, we make a comprehensive update on the new and old chemical methods employed for the synthesis of the unsymmetrical oxadiazole derivatives that lead to high yield compounds. We summarize a state of the selective MAO-B inhibitors with oxadiazole scaffold, describing the results, structures, structure-activity relationships (SARs) and medicinal chemistry strategies over the years. The analysis of the recent papers would facilitate tracking the increasing number of oxadiazole derivatives as new chemical spaces with MAO-B inhibitory potential designed to ensure the safe use of the compounds and elimination of the unwanted drug-drug interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Karabelyov
- Laboratory "Drug metabolism and drug toxicity", Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Sofia, Bulgaria; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Magdalena Kondeva-Burdina
- Laboratory "Drug metabolism and drug toxicity", Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Sofia, Bulgaria; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Violina T Angelova
- Laboratory "Drug metabolism and drug toxicity", Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Sofia, Bulgaria; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Sofia, Bulgaria.
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Chortani S, Edziri H, Manachou M, Al-Ghamdi YO, Almalki SG, Alqurashi YE, Ben Jannet H, Romdhane A. Novel 1,3,4-oxadiazole linked benzopyrimidinones conjugates: Synthesis, DFT study and antimicrobial evaluation. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.128357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Rafique J, Farias G, Saba S, Zapp E, Bellettini IC, Momoli Salla CA, Bechtold IH, Scheide MR, Santos Neto JS, Monteiro de Souza Junior D, de Campos Braga H, Ribeiro LFB, Gastaldon F, Pich CT, Frizon TEA. Selenylated-oxadiazoles as promising DNA intercalators: Synthesis, electronic structure, DNA interaction and cleavage. DYES AND PIGMENTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL 2020; 180:108519. [PMID: 32382200 PMCID: PMC7204724 DOI: 10.1016/j.dyepig.2020.108519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
A series of selenylated-oxadiazoles were prepared and their interaction with DNA was investigated. The photophysical studies showed that all the selenylated compounds presented absorption between 270 and 329 nm, assigned to combined n→π* and π→π* transitions, and an intense blue emission (325-380 nm) with quantum yield in the range of Φ F = 0.1-0.4. DFT and TD-DFT calculations were also performed to study the likely geometry and the excited state of these compounds. Electrochemical studies revealed the ionization potential energies (-5.13 to -6.01 eV) and electron affinity energies (-2.25 to -2.83 eV), depending directly on the electronic effect (electron-donating or electron-withdrawing) of the substituent attached to the product. Finally, the UV-Vis DNA interaction experiments indicated that the compounds can interact with the DNA molecule due to intercalation, except for 3g (which interacted via electrostatic interaction). Plasmid cleavage assay presented positive results only for 3f that presented the strongest interaction results. These results made the tested selenylated-oxadiazoles as suitable structures for the development of drugs and the design of structurally-related therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamal Rafique
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
- Corresponding author.;
| | - Giliandro Farias
- Chemistry Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Sumbal Saba
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences-CCNH, Federal University of ABC, Santo André, SP, Brazil
- Corresponding author.;
| | - Eduardo Zapp
- Department of Exact Sciences and Education, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Blumenau, SC, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hugo de Campos Braga
- Institute of Science and Technology, Federal University of São Paulo, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Francine Gastaldon
- Department of Energy and Sustainability, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Araranguá, SC, Brazil
| | - Claus Tröger Pich
- Department of Energy and Sustainability, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Araranguá, SC, Brazil
| | - Tiago Elias Allievi Frizon
- Department of Energy and Sustainability, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Araranguá, SC, Brazil
- Corresponding author.
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Shinde PB, Bhowmick S, Alfantoukh E, Patil PC, Wabaidur SM, Chikhale RV, Islam MA. De novo design based identification of potential HIV-1 integrase inhibitors: A pharmacoinformatics study. Comput Biol Chem 2020; 88:107319. [PMID: 32801062 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2020.107319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, pharmacoinformatics paradigms include receptor-based de novo design, virtual screening through molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation are implemented to identify novel and promising HIV-1 integrase inhibitors. The de novodrug/ligand/molecule design is a powerful and effective approach to design a large number of novel and structurally diverse compounds with the required pharmacological profiles. A crystal structure of HIV-1 integrase bound with standard inhibitor BI-224436 is used and a set of 80,000 compounds through the de novo approach in LigBuilder is designed. Initially, a number of criteria including molecular docking, in-silico toxicity and pharmacokinetics profile assessments are implied to reduce the chemical space. Finally, four de novo designed molecules are proposed as potential HIV-1 integrase inhibitors based on comparative analyses. Notably, strong binding interactions have been identified between a few newly identified catalytic amino acid residues and proposed HIV-1 integrase inhibitors. For evaluation of the dynamic stability of the protein-ligand complexes, a number of parameters are explored from the 100 ns MD simulation study. The MD simulation study suggested that proposed molecules efficiently retained their molecular interaction and structural integrity inside the HIV-1 integrase. The binding free energy is calculated through the Molecular Mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann Surface Area (MM-PBSA) approach for all complexes and it also explains their thermodynamic stability. Hence, proposed molecules through de novo design might be critical to inhibiting the HIV-1 integrase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Balasaheb Shinde
- Department of Bioinformatics, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of IT and Biotechnology, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Pune-Satara Road, Pune, India
| | - Shovonlal Bhowmick
- Department of Chemical Technology, University of Calcutta, 92, A.P.C. Road, Kolkata, 700009, India
| | - Etidal Alfantoukh
- Health Sciences Research Center, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pritee Chunarkar Patil
- Department of Bioinformatics, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of IT and Biotechnology, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Pune-Satara Road, Pune, India
| | - Saikh Mohammad Wabaidur
- Department of Chemistry P.O. Box 2455, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rupesh V Chikhale
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Md Ataul Islam
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom; School of Health Sciences, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, South Africa; Department of Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria and National Health Laboratory Service Tshwane Academic Division, Pretoria, South Africa.
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El Mansouri AE, Maatallah M, Ait Benhassou H, Moumen A, Mehdi A, Snoeck R, Andrei G, Zahouily M, Lazrek HB. Design, synthesis, chemical characterization, biological evaluation, and docking study of new 1,3,4-oxadiazole homonucleoside analogs. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2020; 39:1088-1107. [PMID: 32397827 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2020.1761982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report the synthetic strategies and characterization of some novel 1,3,4-oxadiazole homonucleoside analogs that are relevant to potential antitumor and cytotoxic activities. The structure of all compounds is confirmed using various spectroscopic methods such as 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, HRMS, and FTIR. These compounds were evaluated against three human cancer cell lines (MCF-7, SKBR3, and HL60 Cell Line). Preliminary investigations showed that the cytotoxic activity was markedly dependent on the nucleobase. Introduction of 5-Iodouracil 4g and theobromine 6b proved to be extremely beneficial even they were more potent than the reference drug (DOX). Also, the synthesized compounds were tested for their antiviral activities against the human varicella-zoster virus (VZV). The product 4h was (6-azauracil derivative) more potent to the reference (acyclovir) against the deficient TK - VZV strain by about 2-fold. Finally, molecular docking suggested that the anticancer activities of compounds 6b and 4g mediated by inhibiting dual proteins EGFR/HER2 with low micromolar inhibition constant Ki range. The 1,3,4-oxadiazole homonucleosides showed a strong affinity to binding sites of target proteins by forming H-bond, carbon-hydrogen bond, Pi-anion, Pi-sulfur, Pi-sigma, alkyl, and Pi-alkyl interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Az-Eddine El Mansouri
- Laboratory of Biomolecular and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Science Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco.,Laboratoire de Matériaux, Catalyse & Valorisation des Ressources Naturelles, URAC 24, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Hassan II, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Maatallah
- Laboratoire de Chimie théorique, Faculty of Science Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco
| | | | | | - Ahmad Mehdi
- Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier UMR 5253 CNRS-UM-ENSCM, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - Robert Snoeck
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Graciela Andrei
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mohamed Zahouily
- Laboratoire de Matériaux, Catalyse & Valorisation des Ressources Naturelles, URAC 24, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Hassan II, Casablanca, Morocco.,MAScIR Medical Biotechnology, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Hassan B Lazrek
- Laboratory of Biomolecular and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Science Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco
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Duffin RN, Werrett MV, Andrews PC. Antimony and bismuth as antimicrobial agents. Med Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.adioch.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Metabolic, mitochondrial, renal and hepatic safety of enfuvirtide and raltegravir antiretroviral administration: Randomized crossover clinical trial in healthy volunteers. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216712. [PMID: 31120908 PMCID: PMC6532851 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Context Classical antiretroviral agents may acutely impact on metabolic, mitochondrial, renal and hepatic function in HIV-infected and uninfected persons. Fusion and integrase inhibitors are supposed to be safer, but have been scarcely investigated. To avoid any interference with HIV or other antiretrovirals, we assessed markers of these toxicities in healthy adult volunteers treated with Enfuvirtide (T20) or Raltegravir (RAL). Methods Twenty-six healthy participants were randomized to T20/90mg vs. placebo (n = 12) or RAL/400mg vs. placebo (n = 14) every 12h in two 7-day periods separated by a 4-week washout period. Major end-points were changes in lipid profile (total cholesterol, high-density-lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, low-density-lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, triglycerides), insulin resistance (glucose) and mitochondrial toxicity (mitochondrial DNA content–mtDNA–in peripheral blood mononuclear cells). Renal and hepatic toxicity (creatinine, alanine transaminase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), bilirubin and total plasma proteins) and overall safety were also analysed. Effect of period, treatment, and basal measures were evaluated for each end-point. Results Neither T20-administration nor RAL-administration yielded to any statistic significant change in the markers of metabolic, mitochondrial, renal or hepatic toxicity assessed. No symptoms indicative of drug toxicity were neither found in any subject. Conclusions In absence of HIV infection, or concomitant treatment, short-term exposure to T20 or RAL in healthy adult volunteers did not lead to any indicative changes in toxicity markers thus presuming the safe profile of both drugs.
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Kumar D, Kumar V, Marwaha R, Singh G. Oxadiazole-An Important Bioactive Scaffold for Drug Discovery and Development Process Against HIV and Cancer- A Review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1573407213666171017160359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and cancer treatment have been
a major task for research scientists and pharmaceutical industry for the last many years. Seeking to the
development, many promising chemical entities especially five-membered heterocyclic rings like oxadiazole
have revealed good anticancer and anti HIV activities. The current review enlists some recently
developed anti-HIV and anti-cancer oxadiazole moieties.
Methods:
on the basis of structural modification for the syntheses of new oxadiazole analogs, the new
anti-HIV and anti-cancer agents have been summarized, which can improve treatment of AIDs and cancer.
Results:
The oxadiazole ring is more potent in comparison to some other heterocyclic rings (five and
six membered) towards anti-HIV and anti-cancer activities. The important mechanisms involved for anti
HIV and anticancer activity are mainly inhibition of enzymes like protease, HIV-integrase, telomerase,
histone deacetylase, methionine amino peptidase, thymidylate synthase and focal adhesion kinase and
inhibition of some growth factors.
Conclusion:
By reviving the past literature about 50 most potent oxadiazole derivatives, depending
upon activity and structural modifications, have been selected as potent anti-HIV, and anti-cancer
agents. Thus, oxadiazole seems to be a ‘privileged structure’ for further screening and syntheses of the
new drug analogs against life threatening HIV and cancer like diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davinder Kumar
- College of Pharmacy, PGIMS, University of Health Sciences, Rohtak-124001, India
| | - Virender Kumar
- College of Pharmacy, PGIMS, University of Health Sciences, Rohtak-124001, India
| | - Rakesh Marwaha
- Department of Pharmaceutical sciences, M. D University Rohtak-124001, India
| | - Gajendra Singh
- College of Pharmacy, PGIMS, University of Health Sciences, Rohtak-124001, India
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Park JH, Yun JH, Shi Y, Han J, Li X, Jin Z, Kim T, Park J, Park S, Liu H, Lee W. Non-Cryogenic Structure and Dynamics of HIV-1 Integrase Catalytic Core Domain by X-ray Free-Electron Lasers. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1943. [PMID: 31010024 PMCID: PMC6514806 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 integrase (HIV-1 IN) is an enzyme produced by the HIV-1 virus that integrates genetic material of the virus into the DNA of infected human cells. HIV-1 IN acts as a key component of the Retroviral Pre-Integration Complex (PIC). Protein dynamics could play an important role during the catalysis of HIV-1 IN; however, this process has not yet been fully elucidated. X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) together with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) could provide information regarding the dynamics during this catalysis reaction. Here, we report the non-cryogenic crystal structure of HIV-1 IN catalytic core domain at 2.5 Å using microcrystals in XFELs. Compared to the cryogenic structure at 2.1 Å using conventional synchrotron crystallography, there was a good agreement between the two structures, except for a catalytic triad formed by Asp64, Asp116, and Glu152 (DDE) and the lens epithelium-derived growth factor binding sites. The helix III region of the 140-153 residues near the active site and the DDE triad show a higher dynamic profile in the non-cryogenic structure, which is comparable to dynamics data obtained from NMR spectroscopy in solution state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hyun Park
- Structural Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Ji-Hye Yun
- Structural Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Yingchen Shi
- Complex Systems Division, Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100193, China.
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Jeongmin Han
- Structural Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Xuanxuan Li
- Complex Systems Division, Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100193, China.
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Zeyu Jin
- Structural Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Taehee Kim
- Structural Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Jaehyun Park
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang 37673, Korea.
| | - Sehan Park
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang 37673, Korea.
| | - Haiguang Liu
- Complex Systems Division, Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Weontae Lee
- Structural Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
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16
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Polothi R, Raolji GSB, Kuchibhotla VS, Sheelam K, Tuniki B, Thodupunuri P. Synthesis and biological evaluation of 1,2,4-oxadiazole linked 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives as tubulin binding agents. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2018.1535076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ravikumar Polothi
- Department of Chemistry, JNT University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- GVK Biosciences Private Limited, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | | | | | - Kalidasu Sheelam
- Department of Chemistry, JNT University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- GVK Biosciences Private Limited, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Balaaraju Tuniki
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Gitam University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Prashanth Thodupunuri
- Organic and Bimolecular Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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17
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Al-Wahaibi LH, Santhosh Kumar N, El-Emam AA, Venkataramanan NS, Ghabbour HA, Al-Tamimi AMS, Percino J, Thamotharan S. Investigation of potential anti-malarial lead candidate 2-(4-fluorobenzylthio)-5-(5-bromothiophen-2-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole: Insights from crystal structure, DFT, QTAIM and hybrid QM/MM binding energy analysis. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.07.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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18
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Singh D, Tiwari SK, Singh V. A transition metal-free approach towards synthesis of β-carboline tethered 1,3,4-oxadiazoles via oxidative C–O bond formation. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj04294b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
An efficient protocol has been developed for one-pot synthesis of biologically interesting β-carboline substituted 1,3,4-oxadiazoles via an I2-assisted oxidative C–O bond formation strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharmender Singh
- Department of Chemistry
- Dr B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology (NIT)
- Jalandhar
- India
| | - Sandip Kumar Tiwari
- Drug Discovery and Molecular Synthesis Lab
- Centre of Biomedical Research
- SGPGIMS
- Lucknow- 226014
- India
| | - Virender Singh
- Department of Chemistry
- Dr B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology (NIT)
- Jalandhar
- India
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19
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Peterle MM, Scheide MR, Silva LT, Saba S, Rafique J, Braga AL. Copper‐Catalyzed Three‐Component Reaction of Oxadiazoles, Elemental Se/S and Aryl Iodides: Synthesis of Chalcogenyl (Se/S)‐Oxadiazoles. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201801213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcos M. Peterle
- LabselenDepartamento de QuímicaUniversidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianopolis 88040-900 SC-Brazil
| | - Marcos R. Scheide
- LabselenDepartamento de QuímicaUniversidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianopolis 88040-900 SC-Brazil
| | - Lais T. Silva
- LabselenDepartamento de QuímicaUniversidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianopolis 88040-900 SC-Brazil
| | - Sumbal Saba
- LabselenDepartamento de QuímicaUniversidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianopolis 88040-900 SC-Brazil
| | - Jamal Rafique
- LabselenDepartamento de QuímicaUniversidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianopolis 88040-900 SC-Brazil
- Instituto de QuímicaUniversidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79074-460 MS-Brazil
| | - Antonio L. Braga
- LabselenDepartamento de QuímicaUniversidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianopolis 88040-900 SC-Brazil
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20
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Reverse-Phase Chromatographic Determination and Intrinsic Stability Behavior of 5-[(4-Chlorophenoxy)Methyl]-1,3,4-Oxadiazole-2-Thiol. ACTA PHARMACEUTICA 2018; 68:409-424. [PMID: 31259703 DOI: 10.2478/acph-2018-0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The study describes the development and preliminary validation of a simple reverse-phase chromatographic method for determination of a novel drug candidate, 5-[(4-chlorophenoxy) methyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thiol (OXCPM), in bulk and stressed solution, in order to find out the intrinsic stability behavior of the compound. Isocratic elution was carried out at a flow rate of 1.0 mL min-1 through a Promosil C18 column maintained at 25 °C, using the mobile phase comprising acetonitrile and aqueous o-H3PO4 (pH 2.67) (1:1, V/V). Detection was performed at 258 nm. The response of the detector was linear in a concentration range of 1.25-50.00 μg mL-1 with the correlation coefficient of 0.9996 ± 0.0001. Cumulative intra-day, inter-day and inter-instrument accuracy (99.5 ± 1.0, 100.2 ± 1.0 and 100.3 ± 0.4 %, resp.) with RSD less than 5 % indicated that the method was accurate and precise. The resolution and selectivity factor (>2 and >1, resp.), particularly in copper metal- and dry-heat-stress solutions, depicted the selectivity of the method. OXCPM remained stable under hydrolytic (acidic and neutral pH, ≤ 37 °C), photolytic and moist heat stress conditions. Under alkaline conditions (hydrolytic and photolytic), polar products were formed that eluted very fast through the column (tR < 3.75 min). At room temperature, the compound was susceptible to oxidation by hydrogen peroxide and transition metals. The ionogram of most of the stress solutions indicated the presence of a product having m/z 256, which might be a result of N- or Smethylation or -SH oxidation. The results of the study indicate that the method is selective, sensitive and suitable to be used for determination of OXCPM in bulk and under stress conditions.
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21
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Marri S, Kakkerla R, Murali Krishna MPS, Venkat Rajam M. Synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation of isoxazole-substituted 1,3,4-oxadiazoles. HETEROCYCL COMMUN 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/hc-2018-0137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Synthesis of N-(5-methylisoxazol-3-yl)-2-(5-aryl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)acetamides 5a–k was achieved from readily available materials. The compounds were screened for their in vitro antimicrobial activity against representative bacterial and fungal strains. Compounds 5b, 5d and 5f exhibit good activity.
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22
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Al-Tamimi AMS, Mary YS, Miniyar PB, Al-Wahaibi LH, El-Emam AA, Armaković S, Armaković SJ. Synthesis, spectroscopic analyses, chemical reactivity and molecular docking study and anti-tubercular activity of pyrazine and condensed oxadiazole derivatives. J Mol Struct 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.03.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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23
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Ge YZ, Zhou B, Xiao RX, Yuan XJ, Zhou H, Xu YC, Wainberg MA, Han YS, Yue JM. A new class of HIV-1 inhibitors and the target identification via proteomic profiling. Sci China Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-018-9283-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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24
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Abdildinova A, Gong YD. Current Parallel Solid-Phase Synthesis of Drug-like Oxadiazole and Thiadiazole Derivatives for Combinatorial Chemistry. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2018; 20:309-329. [PMID: 29714475 DOI: 10.1021/acscombsci.8b00044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Solid-phase organic synthesis is a powerful tool in the synthesis of small organic molecules and building of libraries of compounds for drug discovery. Heterocyclic compounds are important components of the drug discovery field as well and serve as a core for hundreds of marketed drugs. In particular, oxadiazole and thiadiazole cores are compounds of great interest due to their comprehensive biological activities and structural features. Therefore, a plethora of oxadiazole and thiadiazole synthesis methodologies have been reported to date, including solution and solid-phase synthesis methodologies. In this review, we concentrate on and summarize solid-phase synthetic approaches of the oxadiazole and thiadiazole derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aizhan Abdildinova
- Innovative Drug Library Research Center, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Dongguk University, 26, 3-ga, Pil-dong, Jung-gu, Seoul 04620, Korea
| | - Young-Dae Gong
- Innovative Drug Library Research Center, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Dongguk University, 26, 3-ga, Pil-dong, Jung-gu, Seoul 04620, Korea
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25
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de Miguel R, Montejano R, Stella-Ascariz N, Arribas JR. A safety evaluation of raltegravir for the treatment of HIV. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2017; 17:217-223. [PMID: 29199485 DOI: 10.1080/14740338.2018.1411903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Raltegravir (RAL) was the first commercialized agent from a new drug class with an innovative target, the integrase. Since its introduction in clinical practice RAL has become widely used for the treatment of HIV-1 infected patients. A decade after its approval, this article reviews key evidence from RAL with a special interest on safety outcomes. Areas covered: Pharmacologic, safety and efficacy data of RAL from clinical trials and post-commercialization published reports are hereby summarized after a literature review including PubMed search, relating proceedings and abstracts from relevant international HIV conferences, assessment reports from European and United States regulatory agencies and treatment guidelines (World Health Organization, United States Department of Health and Human Services and European AIDS Clinical Society), up to October 2017. Most frequent search terms were 'raltegravir', 'safety', 'adverse events', 'efficacy' and 'integrase-inhibitors'. Expert opinion: Despite the arrival of new integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) with advantages in terms of dosing convenience (elvitegravir, ELV) and higher genetic barrier (dolutegravir, DTG), RAL has stood the test of time and its overall favourable safety profile, without significant appearance of unexpected adverse events, vouch for its relevance in the antiretroviral armamentarium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa de Miguel
- a HIV Unit, Internal Medicine Service , Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPAZ , Madrid , Spain
| | - Rocio Montejano
- a HIV Unit, Internal Medicine Service , Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPAZ , Madrid , Spain
| | - Natalia Stella-Ascariz
- a HIV Unit, Internal Medicine Service , Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPAZ , Madrid , Spain
| | - Jose R Arribas
- a HIV Unit, Internal Medicine Service , Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPAZ , Madrid , Spain
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26
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Xu W, Ge Y, Hou Y, Liu Y, Hua Y, Han W, Qin Z, Liu F. Asymmetric Synthesis and Antitumor Activity of Spiro-Oxadiazole Derivatives from 1,4:3,6-Dianhydro- D
-fructose. CHINESE J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201700058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenke Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou Henan 450001 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation; Zhengzhou Henan 450001 China
| | - Yongxun Ge
- Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou Henan 450007 China
| | - Yu Hou
- Department of Medicine; Kaifeng University; Kaifeng Henan 475000 China
| | - Yingju Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou Henan 450001 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation; Zhengzhou Henan 450001 China
| | - Yingchun Hua
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou Henan 450001 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation; Zhengzhou Henan 450001 China
| | - Weiwei Han
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou Henan 450001 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation; Zhengzhou Henan 450001 China
| | - Zhiyan Qin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou Henan 450001 China
| | - Fengwu Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou Henan 450001 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation; Zhengzhou Henan 450001 China
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27
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Khan SA, Ahuja P, Husain A. Oxidative Cyclization of Isoniazid with Fluoroquinolones: Synthesis, Antibacterial and Antitubercular Activity of New 2,5-disubstituted-1,3,4-Oxadiazoles. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201600199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shah Alam Khan
- Department of Pharmacy; Oman Medical College; Muscat Oman
| | - Priyanka Ahuja
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy; Hamdard University; New Delhi 110062 India
| | - Asif Husain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy; Hamdard University; New Delhi 110062 India
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28
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Emerging Approaches to Tuberculosis Drug Development: At Home in the Metabolome. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2017; 38:393-405. [PMID: 28169001 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2017.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Once considered a crowning achievement of modern drug development, tuberculosis (TB) chemotherapy has proven increasingly unable to keep pace with the spread of the pandemic and rise of drug resistance. Efforts to revive the TB drug development pipeline have, in the meantime, faltered. Closer analysis reveals key experimental deficiencies that have hindered our ability to 'reverse engineer' knowledge of antibiotic mechanisms into rational drug development. Here, we discuss the emerging potential of metabolomics; the systems level study of small molecule metabolites, to help overcome these gaps and serve as a unique biochemical bridge between the phenotypic properties of chemical compounds and biological targets.
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29
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Theoretical and experimental study of donor-bridge-acceptor system: model 2-[5-(9H-fluoren-9-ylidenemethyl)thiophen-2-yl]-1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-016-1843-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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30
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Sankareswaran S, Mannam M, Chakka V, Mandapati SR, Kumar P. Identification and Control of Critical Process Impurities: An Improved Process for the Preparation of Dolutegravir Sodium. Org Process Res Dev 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.6b00156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Srimurugan Sankareswaran
- Micro Labs Ltd., Chemical Research Department, API R&D Centre, Bommasandra-Jigini Link Road, KIADB INDL Area, Bommasandra, Bangalore 560105, Karnataka, India
| | - Madhavarao Mannam
- Micro Labs Ltd., Chemical Research Department, API R&D Centre, Bommasandra-Jigini Link Road, KIADB INDL Area, Bommasandra, Bangalore 560105, Karnataka, India
| | - Veerababu Chakka
- Micro Labs Ltd., Chemical Research Department, API R&D Centre, Bommasandra-Jigini Link Road, KIADB INDL Area, Bommasandra, Bangalore 560105, Karnataka, India
| | - Srirami Reddy Mandapati
- Micro Labs Ltd., Chemical Research Department, API R&D Centre, Bommasandra-Jigini Link Road, KIADB INDL Area, Bommasandra, Bangalore 560105, Karnataka, India
| | - Pramod Kumar
- Micro Labs Ltd., Chemical Research Department, API R&D Centre, Bommasandra-Jigini Link Road, KIADB INDL Area, Bommasandra, Bangalore 560105, Karnataka, India
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31
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Sala M, Spensiero A, Esposito F, Scala MC, Vernieri E, Bertamino A, Manfra M, Carotenuto A, Grieco P, Novellino E, Cadeddu M, Tramontano E, Schols D, Campiglia P, Gomez-Monterrey IM. Development and Identification of a Novel Anti-HIV-1 Peptide Derived by Modification of the N-Terminal Domain of HIV-1 Integrase. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:845. [PMID: 27375570 PMCID: PMC4901077 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The viral enzyme integrase (IN) is essential for the replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and represents an important target for the development of new antiretroviral drugs. In this study, we focused on the N-terminal domain (NTD), which is mainly involved into protein oligomerization process, for the development and synthesis of a library of overlapping peptide sequences, with specific length and specific offset covering the entire native protein sequence NTD IN 1–50. The most potent fragment, VVAKEIVAH (peptide 18), which includes a His residue instead of the natural Ser at position 39, inhibits the HIV-1 IN activity with an IC50 value of 4.5 μM. Amino acid substitution analysis on this peptide revealed essential residues for activity and allowed us to identify two nonapeptides (peptides 24 and 25), that show a potency of inhibition similar to the one of peptide 18. Interestingly, peptide 18 does not interfere with the dynamic interplay between IN subunits, while peptides 24 and 25 modulated these interactions in different manners. In fact, peptide 24 inhibited the IN-IN dimerization, while peptide 25 promoted IN multimerization, with IC50 values of 32 and 4.8 μM, respectively. In addition, peptide 25 has shown to have selective anti-infective cell activity for HIV-1. These results confirmed peptide 25 as a hit for further development of new chemotherapeutic agents against HIV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Sala
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno Salerno, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Esposito
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, University of Cagliari Cagliari, Italy
| | - Maria C Scala
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno Salerno, Italy
| | | | | | - Michele Manfra
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata Potenza, Italy
| | - Alfonso Carotenuto
- Department of Pharmacy, Medicicnal Chemistry and Toxicologic, University of Naples Federico II Napoli, Italy
| | - Paolo Grieco
- Department of Pharmacy, Medicicnal Chemistry and Toxicologic, University of Naples Federico II Napoli, Italy
| | - Ettore Novellino
- Department of Pharmacy, Medicicnal Chemistry and Toxicologic, University of Naples Federico II Napoli, Italy
| | - Marta Cadeddu
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, University of Cagliari Cagliari, Italy
| | - Enzo Tramontano
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, University of CagliariCagliari, Italy; Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research, National Research Council, Citadella di MonserratoCagliari, Italy
| | - Dominique Schols
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Isabel M Gomez-Monterrey
- Department of Pharmacy, Medicicnal Chemistry and Toxicologic, University of Naples Federico II Napoli, Italy
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32
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Garg S, Raghav N. 2,5-Diaryloxadiazoles and their precursors as novel inhibitors of cathepsins B, H and L. Bioorg Chem 2016; 67:64-74. [PMID: 27285276 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Revised: 05/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
High levels of cathepsins indicated in various pathological conditions like arthritis, cancer progressions, and atherosclerosis explains the need to explore potential inhibitors of these proteases which can be of great therapeutic significance. We, in the present work, report the synthesis of some 2,5-diaryloxadiazoles from N-subsitutedbenzylidenebenzohydrazides. The synthesized compounds were screened for their inhibitory potential on cathepsins B, H and L. Structure Activity Relationship studies show that 2,5-diaryloxadiazoles were less inhibitory than their precursors. 1i and 2k have been found to be most inhibitory to cathepsins B and L. Their Ki values have been calculated as 11.38×10(-8)M and 66.4×10(-8)M for cathepsin B and 4.2×10(-9)M and 47.31×10(-9)M for cathepsin L, respectively. However, cathepsin H activity was maximally inhibited by compounds, 1e and 2c with Ki values of 4.4×10(-7)M and 5.6×10(-7)M, respectively. Enzyme kinetic studies suggest that these compounds are competitive inhibitors to the enzymes. The results have been compared with docking results obtained using iGemDock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Garg
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra 136119, India
| | - Neera Raghav
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra 136119, India.
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33
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Han YS, Xiao WL, Xu H, Kramer VG, Quan Y, Mesplède T, Oliveira M, Colby-Germinario SP, Sun HD, Wainberg MA. Identification of a dibenzocyclooctadiene lignan as a HIV-1 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor. Antivir Chem Chemother 2016; 24:28-38. [PMID: 26149264 DOI: 10.1177/2040206614566580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to resistance to all classes of anti-HIV drugs and drug toxicity, there is a need for the discovery and development of new anti-HIV drugs. METHODS HIV-1 inhibitors were identified and biologically characterized for mechanism of action. RESULTS We identified a dibenzocyclooctadiene lignan, termed HDS2 that possessed anti-HIV activity against a wide variety of viral strains with EC50 values in the 1-3 µM range. HDS2 was shown to act as an NNRTI by qPCR and in vitro enzyme assays. CONCLUSIONS This compound provides a new scaffold for further optimization of activity through structure-guided design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Shan Han
- McGill University AIDS Centre, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Wei-Lie Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resource in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Hongtao Xu
- McGill University AIDS Centre, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Victor G Kramer
- McGill University AIDS Centre, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yudong Quan
- McGill University AIDS Centre, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Thibault Mesplède
- McGill University AIDS Centre, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Maureen Oliveira
- McGill University AIDS Centre, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Susan P Colby-Germinario
- McGill University AIDS Centre, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Han-Dong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resource in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Mark A Wainberg
- McGill University AIDS Centre, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Synthesis of bifunctional thieno[3,2-c]pyrazole, pyrazolothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin derivatives and their antimicrobial activities. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-016-0813-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Mullins ND, Maguire NM, Ford A, Das K, Arnold E, Balzarini J, Maguire AR. Exploring the role of the α-carboxyphosphonate moiety in the HIV-RT activity of α-carboxy nucleoside phosphonates. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:2454-65. [PMID: 26813581 PMCID: PMC4755898 DOI: 10.1039/c5ob02507a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
As α-carboxy nucleoside phosphonates (α-CNPs) have demonstrated a novel mode of action of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibition, structurally related derivatives were synthesized, namely the malonate 2, the unsaturated and saturated bisphosphonates 3 and 4, respectively and the amide 5. These compounds were evaluated for inhibition of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase in cell-free assays. The importance of the α-carboxy phosphonoacetic acid moiety for achieving reverse transcriptase inhibition, without the need for prior phosphorylation, was confirmed. The malonate derivative 2 was less active by two orders of magnitude than the original α-CNPs, while displaying the same pattern of kinetic behavior; interestingly the activity resides in the “L”-enantiomer of 2, as seen with the earlier series of α-CNPs. A crystal structure with an RT/DNA complex at 2.95 Å resolution revealed the binding of the “L”-enantiomer of 2, at the polymerase active site with a weaker metal ion chelation environment compared to 1a (T-α-CNP) which may explain the lower inhibitory activity of 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas D Mullins
- Department of Chemistry, Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility, Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre, University College, Cork, Ireland.
| | - Nuala M Maguire
- Department of Chemistry, Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility, Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre, University College, Cork, Ireland.
| | - Alan Ford
- Department of Chemistry, Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility, Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre, University College, Cork, Ireland.
| | - Kalyan Das
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8020, USA
| | - Eddy Arnold
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8020, USA
| | - Jan Balzarini
- KU Leuven, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anita R Maguire
- Department of Chemistry, Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility, Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre, University College, Cork, Ireland. and School of Pharmacy, Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility, Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre, University College, Cork, Ireland
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36
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Dayer MR. Comparison of Newly Assembled Full Length HIV-1 Integrase With Prototype Foamy Virus Integrase: Structure-Function Prospective. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2016; 9:e29773. [PMID: 27540450 PMCID: PMC4976072 DOI: 10.5812/jjm.29773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Drug design against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) integrase through its mechanistic study is of great interest in the area in biological research. The main obstacle in this area is the absence of the full-length crystal structure for HIV-1 integrase to be used as a model. A complete structure, similar to HIV-1 of a prototype foamy virus integrase in complex with DNA, including all conservative residues, is available and has been extensively used in recent investigations. Objectives The aim of this study was to determine whether the above model is precisely representative of HIV-1 integrase. This would critically determine the success of any designed drug using the model in deactivation of integrase and AIDS treatment. Materials and Methods Primarily, a new structure for HIV-1 was constructed, using a crystal structure of prototype foamy virus as the starting structure. The constructed structure of HIV-1 integrase was simultaneously simulated with a prototype foamy virus integrase on a separate occasion. Results Our results indicate that the HIV-1 system behaves differently from the prototype foamy virus in terms of folding, hydration, hydrophobicity of binding site and stability. Conclusions Based on our findings, we can conclude that HIV-1 integrase is vastly different from the prototype foamy virus integrase and does not resemble it, and the modeling output of the prototype foamy virus simulations could not be simply generalized to HIV-1 integrase. Therefore, our HIV-1 model seems to be more representative and more useful for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Dayer
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Mohammad Reza Dayer, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, IR Iran. Tel: +98-6113331045, Fax: +98-6113331045, E-mail:
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Shaker SA, Marzouk MI. Utilization of Cyanoacetohydrazide and Oxadiazolyl Acetonitrile in the Synthesis of Some New Cytotoxic Heterocyclic Compounds. Molecules 2016; 21:155. [PMID: 26840279 PMCID: PMC6273806 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21020155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
A (pyridazinyl)acetate derivative was reacted with thiosemicarbazide and hydrazine hydrate to yield spiropyridazinone and acetohydrazide derivatives, respectively. The acetohydrazide derivative was used as a starting material for synthesizing some new heterocyclic compounds such as oxoindolinylidene, dimethylpyrazolyl, methylpyrazolyl, oxopyrazolyl, cyanoacetylacetohydrazide and oxadiazolylacetonitrile derivatives. The behavior of the cyanoacetylacetohydrazide and oxadiazolylacetonitrile derivatives towards nitrogen and carbon nucleophiles was investigated. The assigned structures of the prepared compounds were elucidated by spectral methods (IR, ¹H-NMR (13)C-NMR and mass spectroscopy). Some of the newly prepared compounds were tested in vitro against a panel of four human tumor cell lines, namely hepatocellular carcinoma (liver) HePG-2, colon cancer HCT-116, human prostate cancer PC3, and mammary gland breast MCF-7. Also they were tested as antioxidants. Almost all of the tested compounds showed satisfactory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheir A Shaker
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abassia 11566, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Magda I Marzouk
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abassia 11566, Cairo, Egypt.
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Luqman A, Blair VL, Brammananth R, Crellin PK, Coppel RL, Andrews PC. Powerful Antibacterial Activity of Phenyl-Thiolatobismuth(III) Complexes Derived from Oxadiazolethiones. Eur J Inorg Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201500795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Abou-Elmagd WS, EL-Ziaty AK, Abdalha AA. Ring transformation and antimicrobial activity of indolyl-substituted 2(3H)-furanones. HETEROCYCL COMMUN 2015. [DOI: 10.1515/hc-2015-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractA variety of heterocycles of synthetic and biological importance were prepared from 3-(indol-3-yl-methylene)-5-phenyl-2(3H)-furanone (1) and its hydrazide 2. Compounds 1 and 2 were used for the construction of pyridazin-3(4H)-ones 4 and 6; 1,3,4-oxadiazoles 7, 8, and 10; and 1,2,4-triazoles 12, 14, and 15, all bearing a 3-indolyl moiety. The antimicrobial activities of the synthesized compounds were examined against six types of bacteria and two types of fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael S.I. Abou-Elmagd
- 1Faculty of Science, Chemistry Department, Ain Shams University, Abassia, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Ahmed K. EL-Ziaty
- 1Faculty of Science, Chemistry Department, Ain Shams University, Abassia, Cairo 11566, Egypt
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Wang H, Kowalski MD, Lakdawala AS, Vogt FG, Wu L. An efficient and highly diastereoselective synthesis of GSK1265744, a potent HIV integrase inhibitor. Org Lett 2015; 17:564-7. [PMID: 25615910 DOI: 10.1021/ol503580t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A novel synthesis of GSK1265744, a potent HIV integrase inhibitor, is described. The synthesis is highlighted by an efficient construction of the densely functionalized pyridinone core as well as a highly diastereoselective formation of the acyl oxazolidine moiety. The latter exploits the target molecule's ability to chelate to Mg(2+), a key feature in the integrase inhibitor's mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wang
- Global API Chemistry, ‡MDR Chemical Science, §Analytical Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline , 709 Swedeland Road, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, United States
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41
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Adokoh CK, Obuah C, Kinfe HH, Zinyemba O, Darkwa J. Novel bio-friendly and non-toxic thiocarbohydrate stabilizers of gold nanoparticles. NEW J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj00293a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
A new class of stabilizers for gold nanoparticles has been develop with non-toxic thiocarbohydrates that were prepared from d-(+)-gluconic acid δ-lactone and aminoalkylthiols.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Collins Obuah
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Johannesburg
- South Africa
| | - Henok H. Kinfe
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Johannesburg
- South Africa
| | - Orpah Zinyemba
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Johannesburg
- South Africa
| | - James Darkwa
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Johannesburg
- South Africa
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Jain Pancholi N, Gupta S, Sapre N, Sapre NS. Design of novel leads: ligand based computational modeling studies on non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) of HIV-1. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2014; 10:313-25. [PMID: 24292893 DOI: 10.1039/c3mb70218a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Researchers are on the constant lookout for new antiviral agents for the treatment of AIDS. In the present work, ligand based modeling studies are performed on analogues of substituted phenyl-thio-thymines, which act as non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) and novel leads are extracted. Using alignment-dependent descriptors, based on group center overlap (SALL, HDALL, HAALL and RALL), an alignment-independent descriptor (S log P), a topological descriptor (Balaban index (J)) and a 3D descriptor dipole moment (μ) and shape based descriptors (Kappa 2 index ((2)κ)), a correlation is derived with inhibitory activity. Linear and non-linear techniques have been used to achieve the goal. Support Vector Machine (SVM, R = 0.929, R(2) = 0.863) and Back Propagation Neural Network (BPNN, R = 0.928, R(2) = 0.861) methods yielded near similar results and outperformed Multiple Linear Regression (MLR, R = 0.915, R(2) = 0.837). The predictive ability of the models are cross-validated using a test dataset (SVM: R = 0.846, R(2) = 0.716, BPNN: R = 0.841, R(2) = 0.707 and MLR: R = 0.833, R(2) = 0.694). It is concluded that the hydrophobicity (S log P) and the polarity (μ) of a ligand and the presence of hydrogen donor (HDALL) moieties are the deciding factors in improving antiviral activity and pharmaco-therapeutic properties. Based on the above findings, a virtual dataset is created to extract probable leads with reasonable antiviral activity as well as better pharmacophoric properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilanjana Jain Pancholi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Shri G.S. Institute of Technology and Sciences, Indore, MP 452001, India.
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Patel KD, Prajapati SM, Panchal SN, Patel HD. Review of Synthesis of 1,3,4-Oxadiazole Derivatives. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2013.879901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kinjal D. Patel
- a Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences , Gujarat University , Ahmedabad , Gujarat , India
| | - Shraddha M. Prajapati
- a Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences , Gujarat University , Ahmedabad , Gujarat , India
| | - Shyamali N. Panchal
- a Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences , Gujarat University , Ahmedabad , Gujarat , India
| | - Hitesh D. Patel
- a Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences , Gujarat University , Ahmedabad , Gujarat , India
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Meanwell NA. The Influence of Bioisosteres in Drug Design: Tactical Applications to Address Developability Problems. TACTICS IN CONTEMPORARY DRUG DESIGN 2014; 9. [PMCID: PMC7416817 DOI: 10.1007/7355_2013_29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The application of bioisosteres in drug discovery is a well-established design concept that has demonstrated utility as an approach to solving a range of problems that affect candidate optimization, progression, and durability. In this chapter, the application of isosteric substitution is explored in a fashion that focuses on the development of practical solutions to problems that are encountered in typical optimization campaigns. The role of bioisosteres to affect intrinsic potency and selectivity, influence conformation, solve problems associated with drug developability, including P-glycoprotein recognition, modulating basicity, solubility, and lipophilicity, and to address issues associated with metabolism and toxicity is used as the underlying theme to capture a spectrum of creative applications of structural emulation in the design of drug candidates.
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Kumar BS, Dhakshinamoorthy A, Pitchumani K. K10 montmorillonite clays as environmentally benign catalysts for organic reactions. Catal Sci Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cy00112e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This perspective summarizes the catalytic activity of K10 montmorillonite as a multifunctional catalyst for organic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amarajothi Dhakshinamoorthy
- School of Chemistry
- Madurai Kamaraj University
- Madurai 625021, India
- Centre for Green Chemistry Processes
- School of Chemistry
| | - Kasi Pitchumani
- School of Chemistry
- Madurai Kamaraj University
- Madurai 625021, India
- Centre for Green Chemistry Processes
- School of Chemistry
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Dendritic cells treated with chloroquine modulate experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Immunol Cell Biol 2013; 92:124-32. [PMID: 24217811 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2013.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Revised: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Chloroquine (CQ), an antimalarial drug, has been shown to modulate the immune system and reduce the severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). The mechanisms of disease suppression are dependent on regulatory T cell induction, although Tregs-independent mechanisms exist. We aimed to evaluate whether CQ is capable to modulate bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (DCs) both phenotypically and functionally as well as whether transfer of CQ-modulated DCs reduces EAE course. Our results show that CQ-treated DCs presented altered ultrastructure morphology and lower expression of molecules involved in antigen presentation. Consequently, T cell proliferation was diminished in coculture experiments. When transferred into EAE mice, DC-CQ was able to reduce the clinical manifestation of the disease through the modulation of the immune response against neuroantigens. The data presented herein indicate that chloroquine-mediated modulation of the immune system is achieved by a direct effect on DCs and that DC-CQ adoptive transfer may be a promising approach for avoiding drug toxicity.
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Yamuna TS, Jasinski JP, Anderson BJ, Yathirajan HS, Kaur M. Raltegravir monohydrate. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2013; 69:o1743-4. [PMID: 24454199 PMCID: PMC3885024 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536813029747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
THE HYDRATED TITLE COMPOUND [SYSTEMATIC NAME: N-(4-fluoro-benz-yl)-5-hy-droxy-1-methyl-2-{1-methyl-1-[(5-methyl-1,3,4-oxa-diazol-2-ylcarbon-yl)amino]-eth-yl}-6-oxo-1,6-di-hydro-pyrimidine-4-carb-oxamide monohydrate], C20H21FN6O5·H2O, is recognised as the first HIV integrase inhibitor. In the mol-ecule, the dihedral angles between the mean planes of the pyrimidine ring and the phenyl and oxa-diazole rings are 72.0 (1) and 61.8 (3)°, respectively. The mean plane of the oxa-diazole ring is twisted by 15.6 (3)° from that of the benzene ring, while the mean plane of amide group bound to the oxadiaole ring is twisted by 18.8 (3)° from its mean plane. Intra-molecular O-H⋯O and C-H⋯N hydrogen bonds are observed in the mol-ecule. The crystal packing features O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, which include bifurcated O-H⋯(O,O) hydrogen bonds from one H atom of the water mol-ecule. In addition, N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds are observed involving the two amide groups. These inter-actions link the mol-ecules into chains along [010].
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Affiliation(s)
- Thammarse S. Yamuna
- Department of Studies in Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570 006, India
| | - Jerry P. Jasinski
- Department of Chemistry, Keene State College, 229 Main Street, Keene, NH 03435-2001, USA
| | - Brian J. Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, Keene State College, 229 Main Street, Keene, NH 03435-2001, USA
| | - H. S. Yathirajan
- Department of Studies in Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570 006, India
| | - Manpreet Kaur
- Department of Studies in Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570 006, India
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49
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Chloroquine: modes of action of an undervalued drug. Immunol Lett 2013; 153:50-7. [PMID: 23891850 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2013.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Revised: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
For more than two decades, chloroquine (CQ) was largely and deliberately used as first choice drug for malaria treatment. However, worldwide increasing cases of resistant strains of Plasmodium have hampered its use. Nevertheless, CQ has recently been tested as adjunct therapy in several inflammatory situations, such as rheumatoid arthritis and transplantation procedures, presenting intriguing and promising results. In this review, we discuss recent findings and CQ mechanisms of action vis-à-vis its use as a broad adjunct therapy.
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Skeletal Muscle Toxicity Associated With Raltegravir-Based Combination Antiretroviral Therapy in HIV-Infected Adults. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2013; 62:525-33. [DOI: 10.1097/qai.0b013e3182832578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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