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Abd Elhameed AA, Ali AR, Ghabbour HA, Bayomi SM, El-Gohary NS. Design, synthesis, and antitumor screening of new thiazole, thiazolopyrimidine, and thiazolotriazine derivatives as potent inhibitors of VEGFR-2. Drug Dev Res 2023; 84:1664-1698. [PMID: 37661648 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.22109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
New thiazole, thiazolopyrimidine, and thiazolotriazine derivatives 3-12 and 14a-f were synthesized. The newly synthesized analogs were tested for in vitro antitumor activity against HepG2, HCT-116, MCF-7, HeP-2, and Hela cancer cells. Results indicated that compound 5 displayed the highest potency toward the tested cancer cells. Compound 11b possessed enhanced effectiveness over MCF-7, HepG2, HCT-116, and Hela cancer cells. In addition, compounds 4 and 6 showed promising activity toward HCT-116, MCF-7, and Hela cancer cells and eminent activity against HepG2 and HeP-2 cells. Moreover, compounds 3-6 and 11b were tested for their capability to inhibit vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) activity. The obtained results showed that compound 5 displayed significant inhibitory activity against VEGFR-2 (half-maximal inhibitory concentration [IC50 ] = 0.044 μM) comparable to sunitinib (IC50 = 0.100 μM). Also, the synthesized compounds 3-6 and 11b were subjected to in vitro cytotoxicity tests over WI38 and WISH normal cells. It was found that the five tested compounds displayed significantly lower cytotoxicity than doxorubicin toward normal cell lines. Cell cycle analysis proved that compound 5 induces cell cycle arrest in the S phase for HCT-116 and Hela cancer cell lines and in the G2/M phase for the MCF-7 cancer cell line. Moreover, compound 5 induced cancer cell death through apoptosis accompanied by a high ratio of BAX/BCL-2 in the screened cancer cells. Furthermore, docking results revealed that compound 5 showed the essential interaction bonds with VEGFR-2, which agreed with in vitro enzyme assay results. In silico studies showed that most of the analyzed compounds complied with the requirements of good oral bioavailability with minimal toxicity threats in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa A Abd Elhameed
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ahmed R Ali
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Hazem A Ghabbour
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Said M Bayomi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Nadia S El-Gohary
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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2
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Vasev YA, Nasibullina ER, Makarov AS, Uchuskin MG. Interrupted Furan-Yne Cyclization: Access to Unsaturated Dicarbonyl Compounds and Their Subsequent Transformation into Functionalized Pyridazines. Org Lett 2023; 25:7780-7785. [PMID: 37862046 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
The key carbenoid intermediate of transition-metal-catalyzed furan-yne cyclization in Hashmi phenol synthesis could be efficiently intercepted with water under the developed reaction conditions in order to provide access to functionalized unsaturated dicarbonyl compounds that might serve as convenient precursors for the straightforward synthesis of annulated pyridazines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yury A Vasev
- Department of Chemistry, Perm State University, Bukireva 15, 614990 Perm, Russia
| | | | - Anton S Makarov
- Department of Chemistry, Perm State University, Bukireva 15, 614990 Perm, Russia
| | - Maxim G Uchuskin
- Department of Chemistry, Perm State University, Bukireva 15, 614990 Perm, Russia
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3
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Emam SM, Rayes SME, Ali IAI, Soliman HA, Nafie MS. Synthesis of phthalazine-based derivatives as selective anti-breast cancer agents through EGFR-mediated apoptosis: in vitro and in silico studies. BMC Chem 2023; 17:90. [PMID: 37501139 PMCID: PMC10375784 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-023-00995-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The parent 2-(4-benzyl-1-oxophthalazin-2(1H)-yl)-acetohydrazide (4) has twenty-nine compounds. The starting material for their corresponding mono, dipeptides and reactions with active methylene compounds were produced by chemoselective N-alkylation of 4-Benzyl-2H-phthalazin-1-one (2) with ethyl chloroacetate to afford (4-benzyl-1-oxo-1H-phthalazin-2-yl) methyl acetate (3). The ester 3 was hydrazinolyzed to give hydrazide 4, then azide 5 coupled with amino acid ester hydrochloride and/or amines to produce several monopeptides, then the methyl (2-(4-benzyl-1-oxophthalazin-2(1H)-yl) acetyl) glycinate (7a) was hydrazinolyzed to produce corresponding hydrazide 2-(4-benzyl-1-oxophthalazin-2(1H)-yl)-N-(2-hydrazineyl-2-oxo ethyl) acetamide (8a). The hydrazide 8a under azide coupling method was coupled with amino acid ester hydrochloride and/or amines to produce several dipeptides, and the hydrazide 8a was also condensed and/or cyclized with several carbonyl compounds. The cytotoxicity of the synthesized compounds was tested using MTT assay, as well as apoptosis-induction through EGFR inhibition. Compounds 11d, 12c and 12d exhibited potent cytotoxic activities with IC50 values of 0.92, 1.89 and 0.57 μM against MDA-MB-231 cells compared to Erlotinib (IC50 = 1.02 μM). Interestingly compound 12d exhibited promising potent EGFR inhibition with an IC50 value 21.4 nM compared to Erlotinib (IC50 = 80 nM). For apoptosis, compound 12d induced apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells by 64.4-fold (42.5% compared to 0.66 for the control); hence, this compound may serve as a potential target-oriented anti-breast cancer agent. These results agreed with the molecular docking studies that highlighted the binding disposition of compound 12d towards EGFR protein. Hence, compound 12d may serve as a potential and selective anti-breast cancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M Emam
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Samir M El Rayes
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt.
| | - Ibrahim A I Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Hamdy A Soliman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S Nafie
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt.
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4
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Xu K, Tang H, Xiong J, Ban X, Duan Y, Tu Y. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors and atherosclerosis: A close but complicated relationship. Eur J Pharmacol 2023:175869. [PMID: 37369295 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Targeted cancer therapies have revolutionized the treatment of the disease in the past decade. The tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) class of drugs is a widely used option for treating various cancers. Despite numerous advances, clinical and experimental studies have demonstrated the atherosclerosis-inducing properties of these drugs that can cause adverse cardiovascular events. TKIs also have an atherosclerosis-preventing role in patients with cancer through different mechanisms under various conditions, suggesting that specific drugs play different roles in atherosclerosis regulation. Given these contradictory properties, this review summarizes the outcomes of previously performed clinical and basic experiments and shows how the targeted effects of novel TKIs affect atherosclerosis. Future collaborative efforts are warranted to enhance our understanding of the association between TKIs and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Youzheng Street 23#, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Hao Tang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Youzheng Street 23#, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Jie Xiong
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xiaofang Ban
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yuchen Duan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Youzheng Street 23#, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yingfeng Tu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Youzheng Street 23#, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China.
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5
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Badithapuram V, Kumar Nukala S, Dasari G, Swamy Thirukovela N, Bandari S. Synthesis of Some New Phthalazine−piperazine−pyrazole Conjugates; In vitro Anti‐Cancer, ADMET And Molecular Docking Studies. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202204329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vinitha Badithapuram
- Department of Chemistry Chaitanya Deemed to be University Warangal 506009 Telangana India
| | - Satheesh Kumar Nukala
- Department of Chemistry Chaitanya Deemed to be University Warangal 506009 Telangana India
| | - Gouthami Dasari
- Department of Chemistry Chaitanya Deemed to be University Warangal 506009 Telangana India
| | | | - Srinivas Bandari
- Department of Chemistry Chaitanya Deemed to be University Warangal 506009 Telangana India
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6
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Zahran SS, Ragab FA, El-Gazzar MG, Soliman AM, Mahmoud WR, Ghorab MM. Antiproliferative, antiangiogenic and apoptotic effect of new hybrids of quinazoline-4(3H)-ones and sulfachloropyridazine. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 245:114912. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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7
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Dichloro{4-(4-chlorophenoxy)phthalazin-1-yl} methylphosphonic dichloride. MOLBANK 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/m1439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As part of our ongoing scaffold-hopping work on an antiplasmodial 2-trichloromethylquinazoline scaffold, we aimed to explore the 1-trichloromethylphthalazine scaffold as a potential new antimalarial series. Using previously chlorination conditions described by our lab to obtain a trichloromethyl group from a methyl group, we did not obtain the target compound; instead, we obtained a dichloro methylphosphonic dichloride side product 3. The nature of this compound was then characterized by NMR, HRMS and X-ray crystallography. The same issue was previously reported by Kato et al., starting from the 2-methyl-3-nitropyridine. Finally, compound 3, although not cytotoxic, was not active against P. falciparum, the parasite responsible for human malaria.
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Moradi L, Mirzaei M, Sasi HR. Preparation and characterization of perlite nanoparticles modified with guanidine as an efficient solid base catalyst for the multicomponent synthesis of 1H-pyrazolo [1,2-b] phthalazine-5,10-dione derivatives. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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9
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Mishra VS, Patil S, Reddy PC, Lochab B. Combinatorial delivery of CPI444 and vatalanib loaded on PEGylated graphene oxide as an effective nanoformulation to target glioblastoma multiforme: In vitro evaluation. Front Oncol 2022; 12:953098. [PMID: 36052261 PMCID: PMC9426685 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.953098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is known as the primary malignant and most devastating form of tumor found in the central nervous system of the adult population. The active pharmaceutical component in current chemotherapy regimens is mostly hydrophobic and poorly water-soluble, which hampers clinical implications. Nanodrug formulations using nanocarriers loaded with such drugs assisted in water dispersibility, improved cellular permeability, and drug efficacy at a low dose, thus adding to the overall practical value. Here, we successfully developed a water-dispersible and biocompatible nanocargo (GO-PEG) based on covalently modified graphene oxide (GO) with a 6-armed poly(ethylene glycol) amine dendrimer for effective loading of the two hydrophobic anticancer drug molecules, CPI444 and vatalanib. These drug molecules target adenosine receptor (A2AR), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR), platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR), and type III stem cell receptor tyrosine kinase (c-KIT), which plays a crucial role in cancers. The effective cellular delivery of the drugs when loaded on GO-PEG is attributed to the increased permeability of the drug-nanoconjugate formulation. We observed that this combinatorial drug treatment with nanocargo resulted in a significant reduction in the overall cell survival as supported by reduced calcium levels and stem cell markers such as Oct4 and Nanog, which are two of the prime factors for GBM stem cell proliferation. Furthermore, reduced expression of CD24 upon treatment with nanoformulation impeded cellular migration. Cellular assays confirmed inhibition of cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenic potential of GBM treated with GO-PEG–Drug conjugates. Ultimately, GBM U87 cells assumed programmed cell death at a very low concentration due to nanocarrier-mediated drug delivery along with the chosen combination of drugs. Together, this study demonstrated the advantage of GO-PEG mediated combined delivery of CPI444 and vatalanib drugs with increased permeability, a three-pronged combinatorial strategy toward effective GBM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishnu S. Mishra
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Delhi, India
| | - Sachin Patil
- Materials Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Delhi, India
| | - Puli Chandramouli Reddy
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Delhi, India
- *Correspondence: Puli Chandramouli Reddy, ; Bimlesh Lochab,
| | - Bimlesh Lochab
- Materials Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Delhi, India
- *Correspondence: Puli Chandramouli Reddy, ; Bimlesh Lochab,
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10
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Facile synthesis of 1-substituted 4-H phthalazine, a versatile scaffold for chemically diverse phthalazines. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2022.132920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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11
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In Vitro Angiogenesis Inhibition and Endothelial Cell Growth and Morphology. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084277. [PMID: 35457095 PMCID: PMC9025250 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A co-culture assay with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDFs) was used to study whether selected angiogenesis inhibitors were able to inhibit differentiation and network formation of HUVECs in vitro. The effect of the inhibitors was determined by the morphology and the calculated percentage area covered by HUVECs. Neutralizing VEGF with avastin and polyclonal goat anti-VEGF antibody and inhibiting VEGFR2 with sorafenib and vatalanib resulted in the formation of HUVEC clusters of variable sizes as a result of inhibited EC differentiation. Furthermore, numerous inhibitors of the VEGF signaling pathways were tested for their effect on the growth and differentiation of HUVECs. The effects of these inhibitors did not reveal a cluster morphology, either individually or when combined to block VEGFR2 downstream pathways. Only the addition of N-methyl-p-bromolevamisole revealed a similar morphology as when targeting VEGF and VEGFR2, meaning it may have an inhibitory influence directly on VEGFR signaling. Additionally, several nuclear receptor ligands and miscellaneous compounds that might affect EC growth and differentiation were tested, but only dexamethasone gave rise to cluster formation similarly to VEGF-neutralizing compounds. These results point to a link between angiogenesis, HUVEC differentiation and glucocorticoid receptor activation.
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12
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Safarzadeh Kozani P, Safarzadeh Kozani P, Rahbarizadeh F. Addressing the obstacles of CAR T cell migration in solid tumors: wishing a heavy traffic. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2021; 42:1079-1098. [PMID: 34957875 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2021.1988509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapy has been recognized as one of the most prosperous treatment options against certain blood-based malignancies. However, the same clinical and commercial success have been out of range in the case of solid tumors. The main contributing factor in this regard is the hostile environment the tumor cells impose that results in the exhaustion of immune effector cells alongside the abrogation of their infiltration capacity. The discovery of the underlying mechanisms and the development of reliable counterstrategies to overcome the inaccessibility of CAR-Ts to their target cells might correlate with encouraging clinical outcomes in advanced solid tumors. Here, we highlight the successive physical and metabolic barriers that systemically administered CAR-Ts face on their journey toward their target cells. Moreover, we propose meticulously-devised countertactics and combination therapies that can be applied to maximize the therapeutic benefits of CAR-T therapies against solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooria Safarzadeh Kozani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pouya Safarzadeh Kozani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Medical Biotechnology Research Center, School of Nursing, Midwifery, and Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rahbarizadeh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.,Research and Development Center of Biotechnology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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Multiparameter Evaluation of the Platelet-Inhibitory Effects of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Used for Cancer Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011199. [PMID: 34681859 PMCID: PMC8540269 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Current antiplatelet drugs for the treatment of arterial thrombosis often coincide with increased bleeding risk. Several tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) for cancer treatment inhibit platelet function, with minor reported bleeding symptoms. The aim of this study was to compare the antiplatelet properties of eight TKIs to explore their possible repurposing as antiplatelet drugs. Samples of whole blood, platelet-rich plasma (PRP), or isolated platelets from healthy donors were treated with TKI or the vehicle. Measurements of platelet aggregation, activation, intracellular calcium mobilization, and whole-blood thrombus formation under flow were performed. Dasatinib and sunitinib dose-dependently reduced collagen-induced aggregation in PRP and washed platelets; pazopanib, cabozantinib, and vatalanib inhibited this response in washed platelets only; and fostamatinib, axitinib, and lapatinib showed no/limited effects. Fostamatinib reduced thrombus formation by approximately 50% on collagen and other substrates. Pazopanib, sunitinib, dasatinib, axitinib, and vatalanib mildly reduced thrombus formation on collagen by 10–50%. Intracellular calcium responses in isolated platelets were inhibited by dasatinib (>90%), fostamatinib (57%), sunitinib (77%), and pazopanib (82%). Upon glycoprotein-VI receptor stimulation, fostamatinib, cabozantinib, and vatalanib decreased highly activated platelet populations by approximately 15%, while increasing resting populations by 39%. In conclusion, the TKIs with the highest affinities for platelet-expressed molecular targets most strongly inhibited platelet functions. Dasatinib, fostamatinib, sunitinib, and pazopanib interfered in early collagen receptor-induced molecular-signaling compared with cabozantinib and vatalanib. Fostamatinib, sunitinib, pazopanib, and vatalanib may be promising for future evaluation as antiplatelet drugs.
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Biphenylurea/thiourea derivatives tagged with heteroarylsulfonamide motifs as novel VEGFR2 inhibitors; Design, synthesis and anti-angiogenic activity. Bioorg Chem 2021; 107:104640. [PMID: 33485105 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Anti-angiogenesis targeting vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) has emerged as a vital tool for cancer treatment. In this study, a new series of biphenylurea/thiourea derivatives tagged with heteroarylsulfonamide motifs (3a-l) was designed and synthesized as novel VEGFR2 inhibitors. The biochemical profiles of the target compounds were investigated using viability of human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs), migration assay and Western blot using sorafenib as reference antiangiogenic drug. Most of the tested compounds exhibited significant antiproliferative activity against HUVECs, where compounds 3a, 3e, 3g, 3h and 3l exhibited better antiproliferative activity than sorafenib. All compounds significantly inhibited VEGF stimulated migration of HUVECs at 10 µM dose with (3a, 3e, 3g, 3h and 3l) showing better or comparable inhibitory activities to that of sorafenib. Moreover, Western blotting analysis confirmed antiangiogenic effect of those compounds with significant reduction in the level of VEGFR-2 compared to sorafenib. Finally, cytotoxicity screening of these derivatives against four cancer cells and RPE1 as normal cell line was performed. The mechanistic effectiveness in cell cycle progression and apoptotic induction were evaluated for the promising compound 3e due to its remarkable cytotoxic activity against tested cancer cell lines and significant VEGFR-2 inhibition. Flow cytometric analysis showed that compound 3e induced cell growth arrest at G2/M phase and stimulated the apoptotic death of HepG2 cells.
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15
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Zaib S, Khan I. Synthetic and medicinal chemistry of phthalazines: Recent developments, opportunities and challenges. Bioorg Chem 2020; 105:104425. [PMID: 33157344 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Fused diaza-heterocycles constitute the core structure of numerous bioactive natural products and effective therapeutic drugs. Among them, phthalazines have been recognized as remarkable structural leads in medicinal chemistry due to their wide application in pharmaceutical and agrochemical industries. Accessing such challenging pharmaceutical agents/drug candidates with high chemical complexity through synthetically efficient approaches remains an attractive goal in the contemporary medicinal chemistry and drug discovery arena. In this review, we focus on the recent developments in the synthetic routes towards the generation of phthalazine-based active pharmaceutical ingredients and their biological potential against various targets. The general reaction scope of these innovative and easily accessible strategies was emphasized focusing on the functional group tolerance, substrate and coupling partner compatibility/limitation, the choice of catalyst, and product diversification. These processes were also accompanied by the mechanistic insights where deemed appropriate to demonstrate meaningful information. Moreover, the rapid examination of the structure-activity relationship analyses around the phthalazine core enabled by the pharmacophore replacement/integration revealed the generation of robust, efficient, and more selective compounds with pronounced biological effects. A large variety of in silico methods and ADME profiling tools were also employed to provide a global appraisal of the pharmacokinetics profile of diaza-heterocycles. Thus, the discovery of new structural leads offers the promise of improving treatments for various tropical diseases such as tuberculosis, leishmaniasis, malaria, Chagas disease, among many others including various cancers, atherosclerosis, HIV, inflammatory, and cardiovascular diseases. We hope this review would serve as an informative collection of structurally diverse molecules enabling the generation of mature, high-quality, and innovative routes to support the drug discovery endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumera Zaib
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Imtiaz Khan
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom.
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16
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He ZX, Gong YP, Zhang X, Ma LY, Zhao W. Pyridazine as a privileged structure: An updated review on anticancer activity of pyridazine containing bioactive molecules. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 209:112946. [PMID: 33129590 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Identification of potent anticancer agents with high selectivity and low toxicity remains on the way to human health. Pyridazine featuring advantageous physicochemical properties and antitumor potential usually is regarded as a central core in numerous anticancer derivatives. There are several approved pyridazine-based drugs in the market and analogues currently going through different clinical phases or registration statuses, suggesting pyridazine as a promising drug-like scaffold. The current review is intended to provide a comprehensive and updated overview of pyridazine derivatives as potential anticancer agents. In particular, we focused on their structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies, design strategies, binding modes and biological activities in the hope of offering novel insights for further rational design of more active and less toxic anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang-Xu He
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
| | - Yun-Peng Gong
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
| | - Li-Ying Ma
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China.
| | - Wen Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China.
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17
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Riccardi C, Napolitano E, Platella C, Musumeci D, Melone MAB, Montesarchio D. Anti-VEGF DNA-based aptamers in cancer therapeutics and diagnostics. Med Res Rev 2020; 41:464-506. [PMID: 33038031 DOI: 10.1002/med.21737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family and its receptors play fundamental roles not only in physiological but also in pathological angiogenesis, characteristic of cancer progression. Aiming at finding putative treatments for several malignancies, various small molecules, antibodies, or protein-based drugs have been evaluated in vitro and in vivo as VEGF inhibitors, providing efficient agents approved for clinical use. Due to the high clinical importance of VEGF, also a great number of anti-VEGF nucleic acid-based aptamers-that is, oligonucleotides able to bind with high affinity and specificity a selected biological target-have been developed as promising agents in anticancer strategies. Notable research efforts have been made in optimization processes of the identified aptamers, searching for increased target affinity and/or bioactivity by exploring structural analogues of the lead compounds. This review is focused on recent studies devoted to the development of DNA-based aptamers designed to target VEGF. Their therapeutic potential as well as their significance in the construction of highly selective biosensors is here discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Riccardi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, 2nd Division of Neurology, Center for Rare Diseases and Inter-University Center for Research in Neurosciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Ettore Napolitano
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Platella
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Domenica Musumeci
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Institute of Biostructures and Bioimages, Naples, Italy
| | - Mariarosa A B Melone
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, 2nd Division of Neurology, Center for Rare Diseases and Inter-University Center for Research in Neurosciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy.,Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Daniela Montesarchio
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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18
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Pauli FP, Martins JR, Paschoalin T, Ionta M, Barbosa MLC, Barreiro EJ. Novel VEGFR‐2 inhibitors with an
N
‐acylhydrazone scaffold. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2020; 353:e2000130. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202000130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda P. Pauli
- Laboratory of Evaluation and Synthesis of Bioactive Substances (LASSBio), Institute of Biomedical Sciences Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, CCS Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
- Graduate Program in Chemistry (PGQu) Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Juliana R. Martins
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Federal University of Alfenas Alfenas Brazil
| | - Thaysa Paschoalin
- Department of Biophysics Federal University of São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | - Marisa Ionta
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Federal University of Alfenas Alfenas Brazil
| | - Maria Leticia C. Barbosa
- Laboratory of Evaluation and Synthesis of Bioactive Substances (LASSBio), Institute of Biomedical Sciences Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, CCS Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
- Faculty of Pharmacy Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Eliezer J. Barreiro
- Laboratory of Evaluation and Synthesis of Bioactive Substances (LASSBio), Institute of Biomedical Sciences Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, CCS Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
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19
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Nakayama J, Makinoshima H. Zebrafish-Based Screening Models for the Identification of Anti-Metastatic Drugs. Molecules 2020; 25:E2407. [PMID: 32455810 PMCID: PMC7287578 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25102407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis, a leading contributor to the morbidity of cancer patients, occurs through a multi-step process: invasion, intravasation, extravasation, colonization, and metastatic tumor formation. Each process is not only promoted by cancer cells themselves but is also affected by their microenvironment. Given this complexity, drug discovery for anti-metastatic drugs must consider the interaction between cancer cells and their microenvironments. The zebrafish is a suitable vertebrate animal model for in vivo high-throughput screening studies with physiological relevance to humans. This review covers the zebrafish model used to identify anti-metastatic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joji Nakayama
- Shonai Regional Industry Promotion Center, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan
- Tsuruoka Metabolomics Laboratory, National Cancer Center, Mizukami 246-2, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 975-0052, Japan;
| | - Hideki Makinoshima
- Tsuruoka Metabolomics Laboratory, National Cancer Center, Mizukami 246-2, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 975-0052, Japan;
- Division of Translational Research, Exploratory Oncology Research, and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8577, Japan
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20
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Aparicio-Blanco J, Sanz-Arriazu L, Lorenzoni R, Blanco-Prieto MJ. Glioblastoma chemotherapeutic agents used in the clinical setting and in clinical trials: Nanomedicine approaches to improve their efficacy. Int J Pharm 2020; 581:119283. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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21
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Rego YF, da Silva CM, da Silva DL, da Silva JG, Ruiz ALT, de Carvalho JE, Fernandes SA, de Fátima Â. Phthalazine-triones: Calix[4]arene-assisted synthesis using green solvents and their anticancer activities against human cancer cells. ARAB J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2016.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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22
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Mourad AK, Makhlouf AA, Soliman AY, Mohamed SA. Phthalazines and phthalazine hybrids as antimicrobial agents: Synthesis and biological evaluation. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1747519819883840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Phthalazine and phthalazinone derivatives are important owing to their significant biological activities and pharmacological properties. Herein, a benzoic acid derivative (2), a benzoxazin-1-one derivative (3), and an oxophthalazin-2(1 H)-yl)acetohydrazide (13) are utilized as precursors to construct a novel series of phthalazinones bearing various valuable functional groups in excellent yields via several simple and promising approaches. Finally, the antimicrobial activity of the newly synthesized phthalazines is screened against different microbial strains; namely, Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria utilizing Amoxicillin as a standard drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa Kamal Mourad
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
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23
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Synthesis and biological activity of structurally diverse phthalazine derivatives: A systematic review. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:3979-3997. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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24
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Elmeligie S, Aboul-Magd AM, Lasheen DS, Ibrahim TM, Abdelghany TM, Khojah SM, Abouzid KAM. Design and synthesis of phthalazine-based compounds as potent anticancer agents with potential antiangiogenic activity via VEGFR-2 inhibition. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2019; 34:1347-1367. [PMID: 31322015 PMCID: PMC6691788 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2019.1642883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In the designed compounds, either a biarylamide or biarylurea moiety or an N-substituted piperazine motif was linked to position 1 of the phthalazine core. The anti-proliferative activity of the synthesised compounds revealed that eight compounds (6b, 6e, 7b, 13a, 13c, 16a, 16d and 17a) exhibited excellent broad spectrum cytotoxic activity in NCI 5-log dose assays against the full 60 cell panel with GI50 values ranging from 0.15 to 8.41 µM. Moreover, the enzymatic assessment of the synthesised compounds against VEGFR-2 tyrosine kinase showed the significant inhibitory activities of the biarylureas (12b, 12c and 13c) with IC50s of 4.4, 2.7 and 2.5 μM, respectively, and with 79.83, 72.58 and 71.6% inhibition of HUVEC at 10 μM, respectively. Additionally, compounds (7b, 13c and 16a) were found to induce cell cycle arrest at S phase boundary. Compound 7b triggered a concurrent increase in cleaved caspase-3 expression level, indicating the apoptotic-induced cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salwa Elmeligie
- a Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy , Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Asmaa M Aboul-Magd
- b Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy , Nahda University , Beni Suef , Egypt
| | - Deena S Lasheen
- c Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy , Ain Shams University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Tamer M Ibrahim
- d Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy , Kafrelsheikh University , Kafr El-Sheikh , Egypt
| | - Tamer M Abdelghany
- e Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy , Al-Azhar University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Sohair M Khojah
- f Biochemistry Department, Faculty of science , King Abdulaziz University , Jedda , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled A M Abouzid
- c Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy , Ain Shams University , Cairo , Egypt.,g Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Sadat City , Sadat City , Egypt
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25
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Yi M, Jiao D, Qin S, Chu Q, Wu K, Li A. Synergistic effect of immune checkpoint blockade and anti-angiogenesis in cancer treatment. Mol Cancer 2019; 18:60. [PMID: 30925919 PMCID: PMC6441150 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-019-0974-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 368] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) activates host's anti-tumor immune response by blocking negative regulatory immune signals. A series of clinical trials showed that ICI could effectively induce tumor regression in a subset of advanced cancer patients. In clinical practice, a main concerning for choosing ICI is the low response rate. Even though multiple predictive biomarkers such as PD-L1 expression, mismatch-repair deficiency, and status of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes have been adopted for patient selection, frequent resistance to ICI monotherapy has not been completely resolved. However, some recent studies indicated that ICI resistance could be alleviated by combination therapy with anti-angiogenesis treatment. Actually, anti-angiogenesis therapy not only prunes blood vessel which is essential to cancer growth and metastasis, but also reprograms the tumor immune microenvironment. Preclinical studies demonstrated that the efficacy of combination therapy of ICI and anti-angiogenesis was superior to monotherapy. In mice model, combination therapy could effectively increase the ratio of anti-tumor/pro-tumor immune cell and decrease the expression of multiple immune checkpoints more than PD-1. Based on exciting results from preclinical studies, many clinical trials were deployed to investigate the synergistic effect of the combination therapy and acquired promising outcome. This review summarized the latest understanding of ICI combined anti-angiogenesis therapy and highlighted the advances of relevant clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yi
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Dechao Jiao
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Shuang Qin
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Qian Chu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Kongming Wu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China. .,Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| | - Anping Li
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
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26
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Gudala S, Ambati SR, Sharma A, Patel JL, Vedula RR, Penta S. Facile synthesis of multi-functional 1,3,4-thiadiazine derivatives bearing phthalazine, pyridazine, and pyrido-pyridazine moieties. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201800093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Satish Gudala
- Department of Chemistry; National Institute of Technology; Raipur Chhattisgarh India
| | - Srinivasa Rao Ambati
- Department of Chemistry; National Institute of Technology; Raipur Chhattisgarh India
- Department of Research and Development; MSN R&D Center; Pashamylarram Telangana India
| | - Archi Sharma
- Department of Chemistry; National Institute of Technology; Raipur Chhattisgarh India
| | - Jeevan Lal Patel
- Department of Chemistry; National Institute of Technology; Raipur Chhattisgarh India
| | - Rajeswar Rao Vedula
- Department of Chemistry; National Institute of Technology; Warangal Telangana India
| | - Santhosh Penta
- Department of Chemistry; National Institute of Technology; Raipur Chhattisgarh India
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27
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El-Helby AGA, Ayyad RRA, Sakr H, El-Adl K, Ali MM, Khedr F. Design, Synthesis, Molecular Docking, and Anticancer Activity of Phthalazine Derivatives as VEGFR-2 Inhibitors. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2017; 350. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201700240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rezk R. A. Ayyad
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department; Faculty of Pharmacy; Al-Azhar University; Cairo Egypt
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department; Faculty of Pharmacy; Delta University; Gamasa Dakahlia Egypt
| | - Helmy Sakr
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department; Faculty of Pharmacy; Al-Azhar University; Cairo Egypt
| | - Khaled El-Adl
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department; Faculty of Pharmacy; Al-Azhar University; Cairo Egypt
| | - Mamdouh M. Ali
- Biochemistry Department; Division of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology; National Research Centre Dokki Giza Egypt
| | - Fathalla Khedr
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department; Faculty of Pharmacy; Al-Azhar University; Cairo Egypt
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28
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Aged macular degeneration: current therapeutics for management and promising new drug candidates. Drug Discov Today 2017; 22:1671-1679. [PMID: 28782687 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2017.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In elderly aged related macular degeneration (AMD) is the common eye disease which impairs the vision and most of the time it creates permanent vision loss. Because elderly population constitute the larger percentage among society, visual loss due to AMD has become a growing problem. Despite the advances made in developing therapeutics, there is still no satisfactory treatment. The limitations of the available treatments are due to the absence of potent, non-invasive therapy. Furthermore, part of the available drugs targets angiogenesis and create a hypoxic environment that augment further angiogenesis. Therefore, it is reasonable to consider eye integrity and the correlation between hypoxia and angiogenesis before developing successful drugs. This review highlighted issues regarding the available therapeutic strategies and explored whether AMD can be managed by employing specific nanoformulations.
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29
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Messerli SM, Hoffman MM, Gnimpieba EZ, Bhardwaj RD. Therapeutic Targeting of PTK7 is Cytotoxic in Atypical Teratoid Rhabdoid Tumors. Mol Cancer Res 2017; 15:973-983. [PMID: 28442586 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-16-0432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Novel discoveries involving the evaluation of potential therapeutics are based on newly identified molecular targets for atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumors (ATRT), which are the most common form of infantile brain tumors. Central nervous system ATRTs are rare, aggressive, and fast growing tumors of the brain and spinal cord and carry a very poor prognosis. Currently, the standard of care for ATRT patients is based on surgical resection followed by systemic chemotherapy and radiotherapy, which result in severe side effects. As protein tyrosine kinases have proven to be actionable targets that reduce tumor growth in a number of cancers, we examined how inhibiting tyrosine kinases affected ATRT tumor growth. Here, we examine the therapeutic efficacy of the broad-spectrum tyrosine kinase inhibitor vatalanib in the treatment of ATRT. Vatalanib significantly reduced the growth of ATRT tumor cell lines, both in two-dimensional cell culture and in three-dimensional cell culture using a spheroid model. As vatalanib had a remarkable effect on the growth of ATRT, we decided to use a transcriptomic approach to therapy by examining new actionable targets, such as tyrosine kinases. Next-generation RNA-sequencing and NanoString data analysis showed a significant increase in PTK7 RNA expression levels in ATRT tumors. Inhibition of PTK7 by siRNA treatment significantly decreases the viability of ATRT patient-derived tumor cell lines.Implications: These studies provide the groundwork for future preclinical in vivo studies aiming to investigate the efficacy of PTK7 inhibition on ATRT tumor growth. Mol Cancer Res; 15(8); 973-83. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanta M Messerli
- Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of South Dakota School of Medicine, Vermillion, South Dakota
| | - Mariah M Hoffman
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota.,BioSNTR, Brookings, South Dakota
| | - Etienne Z Gnimpieba
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota.,BioSNTR, Brookings, South Dakota
| | - Ratan D Bhardwaj
- Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of South Dakota School of Medicine, Vermillion, South Dakota.
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30
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Amin KM, Barsoum FF, Awadallah FM, Mohamed NE. Identification of new potent phthalazine derivatives with VEGFR-2 and EGFR kinase inhibitory activity. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 123:191-201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.07.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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31
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Abstract
Scientists have identified the impact of angiogenesis on tumor growth and survival. Among other efficient drugs, several small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) targeting the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) have been developed and have already been integrated into the treatment of various advanced malignancies. This review provides a compilation of current knowledge on the pharmacokinetic aspects of all VEGFR-TKIs already approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA) and of those still under investigation. Additional information on substance metabolism, potential for drug-drug interactions (DDIs), and the need for dose adaptation in patients with predominant renal and/or hepatic impairment has been included. All TKIs introduced in this review were administered orally, allowing for easy drug handling for healthcare professionals and patients. For almost all substances, the maximum plasma concentrations were reached within a short period of time. The majority of the substances showed a high plasma protein binding and their excretion occurred via the feces and, to a lesser extent, via the urine. In most cases, dose adaptation in patients with mild to moderate renal or hepatic impairment is not recommended. Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 was found to play a crucial role in the drug metabolic processes of many compounds. In order to prevent unwanted DDIs, co-administration of VEGFR TKIs together with CYP3A4 inhibitors or inducers should be avoided. Throughout all TKIs, the data indicate high inter-individual variability. The causes of this are still unclear and require further research to allow for individualization of treatment regimens.
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32
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Brachet E, Marzo L, Selkti M, König B, Belmont P. Visible light amination/Smiles cascade: access to phthalazine derivatives. Chem Sci 2016; 7:5002-5006. [PMID: 30155150 PMCID: PMC6018559 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc01095d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the synthesis of various phthalazines via a new cascade reaction, initiated by visible light photocatalysis, involving a radical hydroamination reaction followed by a radical Smiles rearrangement. Phthalazine derivatives are obtained in high yields and from a broad scope readily accessible ortho-alkynylsulfonohydrazone precursors. The mild photoredox conditions ensure an excellent functional group tolerance. Application of this strategy to a one-pot protocol starting from the corresponding carbonyl compounds, and subsequent functionalization allow the rapid synthesis of structurally diverse structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Brachet
- Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC) , Université Paris Descartes , Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris , UMR CNRS 8638 (COMETE) , 4 avenue de l'Observatoire , 75006 Paris , France . ;
| | - Leyre Marzo
- University of Regensburg Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy , Institute of Organic Chemistry , Universitätsstraße 31 , 93053 Regensburg , Germany
| | - Mohamed Selkti
- Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC) , Université Paris Descartes , Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris , UMR CNRS 8015 (LCRB) , 4 avenue de l'Observatoire , 75006 Paris , France
| | - Burkhard König
- University of Regensburg Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy , Institute of Organic Chemistry , Universitätsstraße 31 , 93053 Regensburg , Germany
| | - Philippe Belmont
- Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC) , Université Paris Descartes , Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris , UMR CNRS 8638 (COMETE) , 4 avenue de l'Observatoire , 75006 Paris , France . ;
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33
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Nair R, Shah U. Lactic Acidosis: A Rare Oncological Emergency in Solid Tumors at Presentation. Am J Med Sci 2016; 353:402-406. [PMID: 28317631 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Lactic acidosis is a potentially life-threatening complication characterized by accumulation of blood lactate resulting in low arterial pH. The majority of lactic acidosis in malignancies are reported in association with hematologic malignancies. It may result from an imbalance between lactate production and hepatic lactate utilization, but the exact pathophysiology is far more complex than what we can fathom from current micromolecular studies. We report a case of a 71-year-old male with metastatic lung cancer presenting with fatal lactic acidosis in the absence of liver involvement. Review of the literature reveals only 27 reported cases of solid tumors presenting with lactic acidosis, of which nearly all of them had extensive liver metastasis. Patients were treated with aggressive fluid resuscitation, bicarbonate administration and hemodialysis, but the only effective treatment modality was early aggressive chemotherapy initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjit Nair
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Lehigh Valley Health Network, John and Dorothy Morgan Cancer Center, Allentown, Pennsylvania.
| | - Usman Shah
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Lehigh Valley Health Network, John and Dorothy Morgan Cancer Center, Allentown, Pennsylvania
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34
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Hameed AD, Ovais S, Yaseen R, Rathore P, Samim M, Singh S, Sharma K, Akhtar M, Javed K. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of New Phthalazinone Derivatives as Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Proliferative Agents. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2016; 349:150-9. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201500336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alhamzah Dh. Hameed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University); New Delhi India
| | - Syed Ovais
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University); New Delhi India
| | - Raed Yaseen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University); New Delhi India
| | - Pooja Rathore
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University); New Delhi India
| | - Mohammed Samim
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University); New Delhi India
| | - Surender Singh
- Department of Pharmacology; All India Institute of Medical Science; New Delhi India
| | - Kalicharan Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory; Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University); New Delhi India
| | - Mymona Akhtar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory; Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University); New Delhi India
| | - Kalim Javed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University); New Delhi India
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35
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Synergism of peptide receptor-targeted Auger electron radiation therapy with anti-angiogenic compounds in a mouse model of neuroendocrine tumors. EJNMMI Res 2014; 4:9. [PMID: 24528513 PMCID: PMC3937006 DOI: 10.1186/2191-219x-4-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neuroendocrine tumors are well vascularized and express specific cell surface markers, such as somatostatin receptors and the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R). Using the Rip1Tag2 transgenic mouse model of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNET), we have investigated the potential benefit of a combination of anti-angiogenic treatment with targeted internal radiotherapy. Methods [Lys40(Ahx-DTPA-111In)NH2]-exendin-4, a radiopeptide that selectively binds to GLP-1R expressed on insulinoma and other neuroendocrine tumor cells, was co-administered with oral vatalanib (an inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFR)) or imatinib (a c-kit/PDGFR inhibitor). The control groups included single-agent kinase inhibitor treatments and [Lys40(Ahx-DTPA-natIn)NH2]-exendin-4 monotherapy. For biodistribution, Rip1Tag2 mice were pre-treated with oral vatalanib or imatinib for 0, 3, 5, or 7 days at a dose of 100 mg/kg. Subsequently, [Lys40(Ahx-DTPA-111In)NH2]-exendin-4 was administered i.v., and the biodistribution was assessed after 4 h. For therapy, the mice were injected with 1.1 MBq [Lys40(Ahx-DTPA-111In)NH2]-exendin-4 and treated with vatalanib or imatinib 100 mg/kg orally for another 7 days. Tumor volume, tumor cell apoptosis and proliferation, and microvessel density were quantified. Results Combination of [Lys40(Ahx-DTPA-111In)NH2]-exendin-4 and vatalanib was significantly more effective than single treatments (p < 0.05) and reduced the tumor volume by 97% in the absence of organ damage. The pre-treatment of mice with vatalanib led to a reduction in the tumor uptake of [Lys40(Ahx-DTPA-111In)NH2]-exendin-4, indicating that concomitant administration of vatalanib and the radiopeptide was the best approach. Imatinib did not show a synergistic effect with [Lys40(Ahx-DTPA-111In)NH2]-exendin-4. Conclusion The combination of 1.1 MBq of [Lys40(Ahx-DTPA-111In)NH2]-exendin-4 with 100 mg/kg vatalanib had the same effect on a neuroendocrine tumor as the injection of 28 MBq of the radiopeptide alone but without any apparent side effects, such as radiation damage of the kidneys.
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Yang X, Cui W, Yu S, Xu C, Chen G, Gu A, Li T, Cui Y, Zhang X, Bian X. A synthetic dl-nordihydroguaiaretic acid (Nordy), inhibits angiogenesis, invasion and proliferation of glioma stem cells within a zebrafish xenotransplantation model. PLoS One 2014; 9:e85759. [PMID: 24454929 PMCID: PMC3893259 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The zebrafish (Danio rerio) and their transparent embryos represent a promising model system in cancer research. Compared with other vertebrate model systems, we had previously shown that the zebrafish model provides many advantages over mouse or chicken models to study tumor invasion, angiogenesis, and tumorigenesis. In this study, we systematically investigated the biological features of glioma stem cells (GSCs) in a zebrafish model, such as tumor angiogenesis, invasion, and proliferation. We demonstrated that several verified anti-angiogenic agents inhibited angiogenesis that was induced by xenografted-GSCs. We next evaluated the effects of a synthetic dl-nordihydroguaiaretic acid compound (dl-NDGA or “Nordy”), which revealed anti-tumor activity against human GSCs in vitro by establishing parameters through studying its ability to suppress angiogenesis, tumor invasion, and proliferation. Furthermore, our results indicated that Nordy might inhibit GSCs invasion and proliferation through regulation of the arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase (Alox-5) pathway. Moreover, the combination of Nordy and a VEGF inhibitor exhibited an enhanced ability to suppress angiogenesis that was induced by GSCs. By contrast, even following treatment with 50 µM Nordy, there was no discernible effect on zebrafish embryonic development. Together, these results suggested efficacy and safety of using Nordy in vivo, and further demonstrated that this model should be suitable for studying GSCs and anti-GSC drug evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- * E-mail: (XJY); (XWB)
| | - Wei Cui
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shicang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guilai Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ai Gu
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Youhong Cui
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiuwu Bian
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- * E-mail: (XJY); (XWB)
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Ahluwalia MS, Patel M, Peereboom DM. Role of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in the management of high-grade gliomas. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2014; 11:1739-48. [DOI: 10.1586/era.11.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Synthesis and biological evaluation of substituted 1,2,3-benzotriazines and pyrido[3,2-d]-1,2,3-triazines as inhibitors of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:7807-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2013] [Revised: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Abouzid KAM, Khalil NA, Ahmed EM, Mohamed KO. 3-[(6-Arylamino)pyridazinylamino]benzoic acids: design, synthesis and in vitro evaluation of anticancer activity. Arch Pharm Res 2013; 36:41-50. [PMID: 23307426 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-013-0007-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel substituted 3,6-disubstituted pyridazines based on the structure of vatalanib (PTK787) were designed and synthesized. The cytotoxicity of the final compounds was tested in vitro on HT-29 colon cancer cell line. Compounds 2a and 2b with 4-chlorophenylamino moiety, exerted the highest cytotoxic activity with IC(50) values equal to 15.3 and 3.9 μM respectively. The most promising compound, 2b, was found to be about fivefold more active than vatalanib against HT-29 colon cancer cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled A M Abouzid
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
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Yaseen S, Ovais S, Bashir R, Rathore P, Samim M, Singh S, Nair V, Javed K. Synthesis and biological evaluation of 4-arylphthalazones bearing benzenesulfonamide as anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer agents. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2013; 346:491-8. [PMID: 23670888 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201300056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Revised: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Nine 4-arylphthalazones bearing benzenesulfonamide (2a-i) were synthesized by the condensation of the appropriate 2-aroylbenzoic acid (1a-i) and 4-hydrazinobenzenesulfonamide in ethanol. The structures of these compounds were elucidated by elemental analysis, IR, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, and MS spectroscopy. Two compounds, 2b and 2i, showed significant anti-inflammatory activity comparable to that of the standard drug celecoxib in the carrageenan-induced rat paw edema model. These compounds (2b and 2i) had selective inhibitory activity towards the COX-2 enzyme. Compound 2b had a better selectivity ratio (COX-1/COX-2) compared to that of celecoxib and can be used as a novel template for the design of selective COX-2 inhibitors. Compounds 2d and 2i were screened for their antiproliferative activity toward 60 human cancer cell lines by the National Cancer Institute (USA). The compounds 2d and 2i displayed mild activity toward the renal cancer cell line UO-31.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shafiya Yaseen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, India
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Abstract
New vessel formation (angiogenesis) is an essential physiological process for embryologic development, normal growth, and tissue repair. Angiogenesis is tightly regulated at the molecular level; however, this process is dysregulated in several pathological conditions such as cancer. The imbalance between pro- and antiangiogenic signaling molecules within tumors creates an abnormal vascular network that is characterized by dilated, tortuous, and leaky vessels. The pathophysiological consequences of these vascular abnormalities include temporal and spatial heterogeneity in tumor blood flow, oxygenation, and increased tumor interstitial fluid pressure. The resultant microenvironment deeply impacts on tumor progression, and also leads to a reduction in therapy efficacy. The discovery of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) as a major driver of tumor angiogenesis has led to efforts to develop novel therapeutics aimed at inhibiting its activity. Anti-VEGF therapy has become an important option for the management of several human malignancies; however, a significant number of patients do not respond to anti-VEGF therapy when used either as single agent or in combination with chemotherapy. In addition, the benefit of antiangiogenic therapy is relatively short lived and the majority of patients relapse and progress. An increasing amount of reports suggest several potential mechanisms of resistance to antiangiogenic therapy including, but not limited to, tumor hypoxia. This chapter discusses the role of the VEGF axis in tumor biology and highlights the clinical application of anti-VEGF therapies elaborating on pitfalls and strategies to improve clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria Rapisarda
- SAIC-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
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Marzaro G, Guiotto A, Chilin A. Quinazoline derivatives as potential anticancer agents: a patent review (2007 - 2010). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2012; 22:223-52. [PMID: 22404097 DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2012.665876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Due to the increase in knowledge about cancer pathways, there is a growing interest in finding novel potential drugs. Quinazoline is one of the most widespread scaffolds amongst bioactive compounds. A number of patents and papers appear in the literature regarding the discovery and development of novel promising quinazoline compounds for cancer chemotherapy. Although there is a progressive decrease in the number of patents filed, there is an increasing number of biochemical targets for quinazoline compounds. AREAS COVERED This paper provides a comprehensive review of the quinazolines patented in 2007 - 2010 as potential anticancer agents. Information from articles published in international peer-reviewed journals was also included, to give a more exhaustive overview. EXPERT OPINION From about 1995 to 2006, the anticancer quinazolines panorama has been dominated by the 4-anilinoquinazolines as tyrosine kinase inhibitors. The extensive researches conducted in this period could have caused the progressive reduction in the ability to file novel patents as shown in the 2007 - 2010 period. However, the growing knowledge of cancer-related pathways has recently highlighted some novel potential targets for therapy, with quinazolines receiving increasing attention. This is well demonstrated by the number of different targets of the patents considered in this review. The structural heterogeneity in the patented compounds makes it difficult to derive general pharmacophores and make comparisons among claimed compounds. On the other hand, the identification of multi-target compounds seems a reliable goal. Thus, it is reasonable that quinazoline compounds will be studied and developed for multi-target therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Marzaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy.
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Fabbro D, Cowan-Jacob SW, Möbitz H, Martiny-Baron G. Targeting cancer with small-molecular-weight kinase inhibitors. Methods Mol Biol 2012; 795:1-34. [PMID: 21960212 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-337-0_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Protein and lipid kinases fulfill essential roles in many signaling pathways that regulate normal cell functions. Deregulation of these kinase activities lead to a variety of pathologies ranging from cancer to inflammatory diseases, diabetes, infectious diseases, cardiovascular disorders, cell growth and survival. 518 protein kinases and about 20 lipid-modifying kinases are encoded by the human genome, and a much larger proportion of additional kinases are present in parasite, bacterial, fungal, and viral genomes that are susceptible to exploitation as drug targets. Since many human diseases result from overactivation of protein and lipid kinases due to mutations and/or overexpression, this enzyme class represents an important target for the pharmaceutical industry. Approximately one third of all protein targets under investigation in the pharmaceutical industry are protein or lipid kinases.The kinase inhibitors that have been launched, thus far, are mainly in oncology indications and are directed against a handful of protein and lipid kinases. With one exception, all of these registered kinase inhibitors are directed toward the ATP-site and display different selectivities, potencies, and pharmacokinetic properties. At present, about 150 kinase-targeted drugs are in clinical development and many more in various stages of preclinical development. Kinase inhibitor drugs that are in clinical trials target all stages of signal transduction from the receptor protein tyrosine kinases that initiate intracellular signaling, through second-messenger-dependent lipid and protein kinases, and protein kinases that regulate the cell cycle.This review provides an insight into protein and lipid kinase drug discovery with respect to achievements, binding modes of inhibitors, and novel avenues for the generation of second-generation kinase inhibitors to treat cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doriano Fabbro
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Expertise Platform Kinases, Basel, Switzerland.
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Vlaar T, Ruijter E, Znabet A, Janssen E, de Kanter FJJ, Maes BUW, Orru RVA. Palladium-Catalyzed Synthesis of 4-Aminophthalazin-1(2H)-ones by Isocyanide Insertion. Org Lett 2011; 13:6496-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ol202784d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tjøstil Vlaar
- Department of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences and Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and Organic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Eelco Ruijter
- Department of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences and Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and Organic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Anass Znabet
- Department of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences and Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and Organic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Elwin Janssen
- Department of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences and Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and Organic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Frans J. J. de Kanter
- Department of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences and Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and Organic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Bert U. W. Maes
- Department of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences and Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and Organic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Romano V. A. Orru
- Department of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences and Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and Organic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
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Abstract
Patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme should undergo a maximal tumor resection and then, whenever possible, should be entered into a clinical trial. The current standard of care consists of external beam irradiation, to a total of 60 Gy over 6 weeks, in combination with low-dose daily temozolomide, followed by at least six cycles of adjuvant temozolomide. If radiotherapy and a temozolomide-based adjuvant regimen fail, the most active treatment approach appears to be bevacizumab and irinotecan. Molecular therapy, with drugs targeting growth factor receptors and critical signal transduction pathway mediators, is also under active investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert B Newton
- Herbert B. Newton, MD Dardinger Neuro-Oncology Center, Department of Neurology, Ohio State University Medical Center, 465 Means Hall, 1654 Upham Drive, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Keskin U, Totan Y, Karadağ R, Erdurmuş M, Aydın B. Inhibitory effects of SU5416, a selective vascular endothelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, on experimental corneal neovascularization. Ophthalmic Res 2011; 47:13-8. [PMID: 21691137 DOI: 10.1159/000324994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2010] [Accepted: 02/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Treatment of neovascularization in ocular diseases with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibition shows promising results. SU5416 is a low-molecular-weight tyrosine kinase inhibitor. It selectively inhibits the membrane-bound tyrosine kinase activity of VEGF-2 receptor (Flk-1/KDR) and blocks the intracellular signaling process. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of SU5416 on corneal neovascularization. METHODS Corneas were cauterized with silver nitrate/potassium nitrate sticks in 20 eyes of 20 BALB/C mice. In the study group (n = 10), SU5416 (25 mg/kg) dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide was given as an intraperitoneal injection in a single daily dose for 7 days. The other group of 10 mice given intraperitoneal dimethyl sulfoxide alone served as a control group. After 7 days, corneal neovascularization was evaluated using photographs captured by fluorescein angiography. Colored photographs were taken by a biomicroscope with a digital camera. Data were expressed as mean neovascular length and mean number of new vessels for each animal. The values were computed and compared between the groups. RESULTS The mean burn stimulus intensities were not different between the groups. In the study group, the mean length of the vessels and the mean number of vessels were 0.49 ± 0.05 and 11.20 ± 1.69 mm, respectively. In the control group, the mean length of the vessels and the mean number of the vessels were 0.89 ± 0.11 and 17.80 ± 1.03 mm, respectively. There is a statistically significant difference in the mean length and the mean number of new vessels between the study and control groups (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Selective inhibition of VEGFR-2 (Flk-1/KDR) tyrosine kinase with SU5416 was shown to have an inhibitory effect on corneal neovascularization in this animal model. VEGFR-2 (Flk-1/KDR) tyrosine kinase inhibition may represent a different pathway for treatment of the neovascularization process in ocular pathologies. Fluorescein angiography photographs of new vessels on the cornea may provide a better evaluation of neovascularization than colored images in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uğurcan Keskin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fatih University Medical School, Ankara, Turkey.
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Tugues S, Koch S, Gualandi L, Li X, Claesson-Welsh L. Vascular endothelial growth factors and receptors: anti-angiogenic therapy in the treatment of cancer. Mol Aspects Med 2011; 32:88-111. [PMID: 21565214 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2011.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2011] [Accepted: 04/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) are critical regulators of vascular and lymphatic function during development, in health and in disease. There are five mammalian VEGF ligands and three VEGF receptor tyrosine kinases. In addition, several VEGF co-receptors that lack intrinsic catalytic activity, but that indirectly modulate the responsiveness to VEGF contribute to the final biological effect. This review describes the molecular features of VEGFs, VEGFRs and co-receptors with focus on their role in the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sònia Tugues
- Uppsala University, Dept. of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Dag Hammarskjöldsv. 20, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
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Ganesan P, Matsubara K, Ohkubo T, Tanaka Y, Noda K, Sugawara T, Hirata T. Anti-angiogenic effect of siphonaxanthin from green alga, Codium fragile. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2010; 17:1140-1144. [PMID: 20637577 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2010.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2010] [Revised: 03/26/2010] [Accepted: 05/21/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Since anti-angiogenic therapy has becoming a promising approach in the prevention of cancer and related diseases, the present study was aimed to examine the anti-angiogenic effect of siphonaxanthin from green alga (Codium fragile) in cell culture model systems and ex vivo approaches using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and rat aortic ring, respectively. Siphonaxanthin significantly suppressed HUVEC proliferation (p<0.05) at the concentration of 2.5 μM (50% as compared with control) and above, while the effect on chemotaxis was not significant. Siphonaxanthin exhibited strong inhibitory effect on HUVEC tube formation. It suppressed the formation of tube length by 44% at the concentration of 10 μM, while no tube formation was observed at 25 μM, suggesting that it could be due to the suppression of angiogenic mediators. The ex vivo angiogenesis assay exhibited reduced microvessel outgrowth in a dose dependent manner and the reduction was significant at more than 2.5 μM. Our results imply a new insight on the novel function of siphonaxanthin in preventing angiogenesis related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ponesakki Ganesan
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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Arko L, Katsyv I, Park GE, Luan WP, Park JK. Experimental approaches for the treatment of malignant gliomas. Pharmacol Ther 2010; 128:1-36. [PMID: 20546782 PMCID: PMC2939300 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2010.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2010] [Accepted: 04/28/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Malignant gliomas, which include glioblastomas and anaplastic astrocytomas, are the most common primary tumors of the brain. Over the past 30 years, the standard treatment for these tumors has evolved to include maximal safe surgical resection, radiation therapy and temozolomide chemotherapy. While the median survival of patients with glioblastomas has improved from 6 months to 14.6 months, these tumors continue to be lethal for the vast majority of patients. There has, however, been recent substantial progress in our mechanistic understanding of tumor development and growth. The translation of these genetic, epigenetic and biochemical findings into therapies that have been tested in clinical trials is the subject of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leopold Arko
- Surgical and Molecular Neuro-oncology Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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