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Fu L, Lei C, Chen Y, Xu X, Wu B, Dong L, Ye X, Zheng L, Gong D. Association of the rs3917647 polymorphism of the SELP gene with malnutrition in gastric cancer. Support Care Cancer 2023; 31:708. [PMID: 37978991 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-023-08161-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malnutrition and cachexia are common syndromes in patients with gastric cancer (GC) and are associated with poor quality of life and poor disease prognosis. However, there is still a lack of molecular factors that can predict malnutrition or cachexia in cancer. Studies have shown that among the potential contributors to the development of cancer cachexia, the level of the inflammatory response to P-selectin is regulated by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located in the promoter region of the SELP gene. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-2028 A/G of the SELP gene and malnutrition in patients receiving chemotherapy for gastric cancer (GC). METHODS The study group consisted of 220 GC patients treated with chemotherapy at Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital. DNA was extracted from peripheral leukocytes of whole blood samples using an animal DNA extraction kit. DNA was amplified using a 1.1 × T3 Super PCR mix, and loci corresponding to the peaks were genotyped using SNP1 software. RESULTS Patients carrying the A allele had a reduced risk of developing malnutrition compared to patients with the GG genotype (P < 0.001; OR = 3.411; 95% CI = 1.785-6.516). In addition, multivariate analysis indicated that the AA genotype significantly (more than 16-fold) reduced the risk of developing malnutrition (P < 0.001; OR = 0.062; 95% CI = 0.015-0.255). CONCLUSION SELP -2028A/G SNP may be a useful marker for assessing the risk of malnutrition in GC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Fu
- Department of Nursing, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| | - Changzhen Lei
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yingxun Chen
- Department of Nursing, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoqian Xu
- Department of Nursing, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bei Wu
- Department of Nursing, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liping Dong
- Department of Nursing, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xianghong Ye
- Department of Nursing, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lushan Zheng
- Department of Nursing, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Daojun Gong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China.
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Dey A, Chatterjee SS, Kumar V. Triethylene glycol-like effects of Ashwagandha ( Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal) root extract devoid of withanolides in stressed mice. Ayu 2018; 39:230-238. [PMID: 31367146 PMCID: PMC6639818 DOI: 10.4103/ayu.ayu_219_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The objective of the study is to compare stress resistance-promoting effect of triethylene glycol (TEG) and root extract of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) i.e. withanolide-free root extract of Withania somnifera (WFWS). Materials and Methods Mice groups treated orally with 10 mg/kg TEG or WFWS (3.3, 10, 33.3, or 100 mg/kg) for 12 consecutive days were subjected to foot shock stress-triggered hyperthermia test on the 1st, 5th, 7th and 10th day and to marble-burying test on the following 2 days. Effects of treatment on stress-triggered alteration in body weight, core temperature, blood glucose, insulin and cortisol level were quantified and statistically analyzed. Results WFWS doses up to 10 mg/kg/day were as effective as TEG in affording protection against stress-triggered alteration in body weight, core temperature and marble-burying behavior. Protection against stress-triggered alteration in blood glucose and insulin level, as well as antidepressants or anxiolytic-like activities in the behavioral test, were observed in the higher two WFWS doses (33.3 and 100 mg/kg) treated groups only. Conclusion Ashwagandha metabolites other than withanolides contribute to its stress resistance increasing effects. The observations suggest that modulation of physiological functions of gut microbiota may be involved in the mode of action of Withania somnifera root extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amitabha Dey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology (Formerly Department of Pharmaceutics), Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shyam Sunder Chatterjee
- Stettiner Strasse 1, 76139 Karlsruhe, Germany (Retired Head of Pharmacology Research Laboratories, Dr. Willmar Schwabe GmbH & Co)
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology (Formerly Department of Pharmaceutics), Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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3
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Barkhudaryan A, Scherbakov N, Springer J, Doehner W. Cardiac muscle wasting in individuals with cancer cachexia. ESC Heart Fail 2017; 4:458-467. [PMID: 29154433 PMCID: PMC5695173 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.12184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Cachexia is a severe complication of cancer that adversely affects the course of the disease and is associated with high rates of mortality. Patients with cancer manifest symptoms, such as fatigue, shortness of breath, and impaired exercise tolerance, which are clinical signs of chronic heart failure. The aim of this study was to evaluate cardiac muscle wasting in cancer individuals. Methods and results We retrospectively analysed 177 individuals who died of cancer, including 58 lung, 60 pancreatic, and 59 gastrointestinal (GI) cancers, and 42 cancer‐free controls who died of other, non‐cardiovascular reasons. Cancer cachexia (CC) was defined based on clinical and/or pathological diagnosis, body mass index (BMI) <20.0 kg/m2 and/or oedema‐free body weight loss of 5.0% during the previous year or less. The pathology reports were analysed for BMI, heart weight (HW), and left and right ventricular wall thicknesses (LVWT and RVWT, respectively). The analysis of clinical data included recording of biochemical parameters and medication data of study patients. CC was detected in 54 (30.5%) subjects. Individuals with CC had a significantly lower HW than non‐cachectic subjects (363.1 ± 86.2 vs. 447.0 ± 128.9 g, P < 0.001) and control group (412.9 ± 75.8 g, P < 0.05). BMI correlated with HW in cases with GI cancer (r = 0.44, P < 0.001), lung cancer (r = 0.53, P < 0.0001), and pancreatic cancer (r = 0.39, P < 0.01). Conclusions Body weight loss in individuals with lung, pancreatic, and GI cancers is accompanied by a decrease in HW. In patients with CC who receive cancer treatment, screening for cardiac muscle wasting may have clinical importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anush Barkhudaryan
- Clinic of General and Invasive Cardiology, University Clinical Hospital No. 1, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Nadja Scherbakov
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charite Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Berlin, Germany
| | - Jochen Springer
- Institute of Innovative Clinical Trials, Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Centre Göttingen (UMG), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wolfram Doehner
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charite Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Berlin, Germany.,Department of Cardiology and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Campus Virchow, Charite Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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4
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Bossola M, Marzetti E, Rosa F, Pacelli F. Skeletal muscle regeneration in cancer cachexia. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2016; 43:522-7. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Bossola
- Department of Surgery; Catholic University of the Sacred Heart School of Medicine; Rome Italy
| | - Emanuele Marzetti
- Department of Geriatrics, Neurosciences and Orthopedics; Catholic University of the Sacred Heart School of Medicine; Rome Italy
| | - Fausto Rosa
- Department of Surgery; Catholic University of the Sacred Heart School of Medicine; Rome Italy
| | - Fabio Pacelli
- Department of Surgery; Catholic University of the Sacred Heart School of Medicine; Rome Italy
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Campos JDS, Hoppe LY, Duque TLA, de Castro SL, Oliveira GM. Use of Noninvasive Parameters to Evaluate Swiss Webster Mice DuringTrypanosoma cruziExperimental Acute Infection. J Parasitol 2016; 102:280-5. [DOI: 10.1645/15-884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
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6
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Couch ME, Dittus K, Toth MJ, Willis MS, Guttridge DC, George JR, Chang EY, Gourin CG, Der-Torossian H. Cancer cachexia update in head and neck cancer: Pathophysiology and treatment. Head Neck 2015; 37:1057-72. [PMID: 24634283 DOI: 10.1002/hed.23696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiology of cancer cachexia remains complex. A comprehensive literature search was performed up to April 2013 using PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and the Google search engine. In this review, we focus on the different mediators of impaired anabolism and upregulated catabolism that alter the skeletal muscle homeostasis resulting in the wasting of cancer cachexia. We present recent evidence of targeted treatment modalities from clinical trials along with their potential mechanisms of action. We also report on the most current evidence from randomized clinical trials using multimodal treatments in patients with cancer cachexia, but also the evidence from head and neck cancer-specific trials. A more complete understanding of the pathophysiology of the syndrome may lead to more effective targeted therapies and improved outcomes for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion E Couch
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont, College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Kim Dittus
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont, College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Michael J Toth
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Monte S Willis
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Denis C Guttridge
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jonathan R George
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Eric Y Chang
- University of Vermont, College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Christine G Gourin
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Hirak Der-Torossian
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont, College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont
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7
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Sasi SP, Bae S, Song J, Perepletchikov A, Schneider D, Carrozza J, Yan X, Kishore R, Enderling H, Goukassian DA. Therapeutic non-toxic doses of TNF induce significant regression in TNFR2-p75 knockdown Lewis lung carcinoma tumor implants. PLoS One 2014; 9:e92373. [PMID: 24664144 PMCID: PMC3963887 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) binds to two receptors: TNFR1/p55-cytotoxic and TNFR2/p75-pro-survival. We have shown that tumor growth in p75 knockout (KO) mice was decreased more than 2-fold in Lewis lung carcinoma (LLCs). We hypothesized that selective blocking of TNFR2/p75 LLCs may sensitize them to TNF-induced apoptosis and affect the tumor growth. We implanted intact and p75 knockdown (KD)-LLCs (>90%, using shRNA) into wild type (WT) mice flanks. On day 8 post-inoculation, recombinant murine (rm) TNF-α (12.5 ng/gr of body weight) or saline was injected twice daily for 6 days. Tumor volumes (tV) were measured daily and tumor weights (tW) on day 15, when study was terminated due to large tumors in LLC+TNF group. Tubular bones, spleens and peripheral blood (PB) were examined to determine possible TNF toxicity. There was no significant difference in tV or tW between LLC minus (-) TNF and p75KD/LLC-TNF tumors. Compared to 3 control groups, p75KD/LLC+TNF showed >2-5-fold decreases in tV (p<0.001) and tW (p<0.0001). There was no difference in tV or tW end of study vs. before injections in p75KD/LLC+TNF group. In 3 other groups tV and tW were increased 2.7-4.5-fold (p<0.01, p<0.0002 and p<0.0001). Pathological examination revealed that 1/3 of p75KD/LLC+rmTNF tumors were 100% necrotic, the remaining revealed 40-60% necrosis. No toxicity was detected in bone marrow, spleen and peripheral blood. We concluded that blocking TNFR2/p75 in LLCs combined with intra-tumoral rmTNF injections inhibit LLC tumor growth. This could represent a novel and effective therapy against lung neoplasms and a new paradigm in cancer therapeutics.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Carcinoma, Lewis Lung/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Lewis Lung/genetics
- Carcinoma, Lewis Lung/pathology
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Gene Knockdown Techniques
- Male
- Mice
- Models, Biological
- Necrosis/chemically induced
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II/deficiency
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II/genetics
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/pharmacology
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/therapeutic use
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharath P. Sasi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, GeneSys Research Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Sanggyu Bae
- Cardiovascular Research Center, GeneSys Research Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Steward St. Elizabeth' Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jin Song
- Cardiovascular Research Center, GeneSys Research Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Aleksandr Perepletchikov
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Steward St. Elizabeth' Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Douglas Schneider
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Steward St. Elizabeth' Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Joseph Carrozza
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Steward St. Elizabeth' Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Xinhua Yan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, GeneSys Research Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Raj Kishore
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Heiko Enderling
- Integrated Mathematical Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - David A. Goukassian
- Cardiovascular Research Center, GeneSys Research Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Rogers LQ, Anton PM, Fogleman A, Hopkins-Price P, Verhulst S, Rao K, Malone J, Robbs R, Courneya KS, Nanavati P, Mansfield S, Robbins KT. Pilot, randomized trial of resistance exercise during radiation therapy for head and neck cancer. Head Neck 2012; 35:1178-88. [DOI: 10.1002/hed.23118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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Silva DRD, Castro SLD, Alves MCDS, Batista WDS, Oliveira GMD. Acute experimental Trypanosoma cruzi infection: establishing a murine model that utilises non-invasive measurements of disease parameters. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2012; 107:211-6. [DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762012000200010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2011] [Accepted: 01/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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10
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Rhoads MG, Kandarian SC, Pacelli F, Doglietto GB, Bossola M. Expression of NF-kappaB and IkappaB proteins in skeletal muscle of gastric cancer patients. Eur J Cancer 2010; 46:191-7. [PMID: 19857958 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2009.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2009] [Revised: 09/26/2009] [Accepted: 02/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms eliciting cancer cachexia are not well understood. Wasting of skeletal muscle is problematic because it is responsible for the clinical deterioration in cancer patients and for the ability to tolerate cancer treatment. Studies done on animals suggest that nuclear factor of kappa B (NF-kappaB) signalling is important in the progression of muscle wasting due to several types of tumours. However, there are no published studies in humans on the role of NF-kappaB in cancer cachexia. In this project, we studied the rectus abdominis muscle in patients with gastric tumours (n=14) and in age-matched control subjects (n=10) for markers of NF-kappaB activation. Nuclear levels of p65, p50 and Bcl-3 were the same in both groups of subjects. However, phospho-p65 was elevated by 25% in the muscles of cancer patients. In addition, expression of the inhibitor of kappa B alpha (IkappaBalpha) was decreased by 25% in cancer patients. Decreased expression of IkappaBalpha reflects its degradation by one of the IkappaBalpha kinases and is a marker of NF-kappaB activation. Interestingly, there was no correlation between the stage of cancer and the extent of IkappaBalpha decrease, nor was there a correlation between the degree of cachexia and decreased IkappaBalpha levels. This suggests that the activation of NF-kappaB is an early and sustained event in gastric cancer. The work implicates the NF-kappaB signalling in the initiation and progression of cancer cachexia in humans and demonstrates the need for additional study of this pathway; it also recommends NF-kappaB signalling as a therapeutic target for the amelioration of cachexia as has been suggested from studies done on rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary G Rhoads
- Department of Health Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
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Dianliang Z. Probing cancer cachexia-anorexia: recent results with knockout, transgene and polymorphisms. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2009; 12:227-31. [PMID: 19339883 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0b013e328329d14b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Cancer anorexia-cachexia refers to a debilitating state of cancer patients, the pathogenesis of which is still fully unknown. The article reviews recent research into the role of inflammatory mediators and cytokine gene polymorphisms in the pathogenesis of cancer cachexia. RECENT FINDINGS Using transgenic mice, recent studies demonstrate that inflammatory mediators play an important role in the cancer cachexia development. Preliminary association studies in unrelated individuals exhibit that cytokine gene polymorphisms are related to cancer cachexia susceptibility. SUMMARY Although its pathogenesis is not fully known, inflammatory mediators have been involved in cancer cachexia. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms in genes coding inflammatory cytokines are likely to have played some role in cancer susceptibility. It is of great essentiality to further probe cancer cachexia-anorexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Dianliang
- Department of General Surgery, Associated Hospital of Qingdao University Medical College, Shandong Province, P.R. China.
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12
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Lira FS, Rosa JC, Zanchi NE, Yamashita AS, Lopes RD, Lopes AC, Batista ML, Seelaender M. Regulation of inflammation in the adipose tissue in cancer cachexia: effect of exercise. Cell Biochem Funct 2009; 27:71-5. [DOI: 10.1002/cbf.1540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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13
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Current World Literature. Curr Opin Support Palliat Care 2008; 2:288-91. [DOI: 10.1097/spc.0b013e32831d29c1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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von Haehling S, Lainscak M, Springer J, Anker SD. Cardiac cachexia: a systematic overview. Pharmacol Ther 2008; 121:227-52. [PMID: 19061914 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2008.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2008] [Accepted: 09/03/2008] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac cachexia as a terminal stage of chronic heart failure carries a poor prognosis. The definition of this clinical syndrome has been a matter of debate in recent years. This review describes the ongoing discussion about this issue and the complex pathophysiology of cardiac cachexia and chronic heart failure with particular focus on immunological, metabolic, and hormonal aspects at the intracellular and extracellular level. These include regulators such as neuropeptide Y, leptin, melanocortins, ghrelin, growth hormone, and insulin. The regulation of feeding is discussed as are nutritional aspects in the treatment of the disease. The mechanisms of wasting in different body compartments are described. Moreover, we discuss several therapeutic approaches. These include appetite stimulants like megestrol acetate, medroxyprogesterone acetate, and cannabinoids. Other drug classes of interest comprise angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, beta-blockers, anabolic steroids, beta-adrenergic agonists, anti-inflammatory substances, statins, thalidomide, proteasome inhibitors, and pentoxifylline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan von Haehling
- Applied Cachexia Research, Department of Cardiology, Charité Medical School, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany.
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15
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Bossola M, Pacelli F, Doglietto GB. Cancer cachexia: drugs in the patent literature. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2008. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.18.7.739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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16
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Double-blinded, Placebo-controlled Plasmid GHRH Trial for Cancer-associated Anemia in Dogs. Mol Ther 2008; 16:862-70. [DOI: 10.1038/mt.2008.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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