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Astrain-Redin N, Sanmartin C, Sharma AK, Plano D. From Natural Sources to Synthetic Derivatives: The Allyl Motif as a Powerful Tool for Fragment-Based Design in Cancer Treatment. J Med Chem 2023; 66:3703-3731. [PMID: 36858050 PMCID: PMC10041541 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Since the beginning of history, natural products have been an abundant source of bioactive molecules for the treatment of different diseases, including cancer. Many allyl derivatives, which have shown anticancer activity both in vitro and in vivo in a large number of cancers, are bioactive molecules found in garlic, cinnamon, nutmeg, or mustard. In addition, synthetic products containing allyl fragments have been developed showing potent anticancer properties. Of particular note is the allyl derivative 17-AAG, which has been evaluated in Phase I and Phase II/III clinical trials for the treatment of multiple myeloma, metastatic melanoma, renal cancer, and breast cancer. In this Perspective, we compile extensive literature evidence with descriptions and discussions of the most recent advances in different natural and synthetic allyl derivatives that could generate cancer drug candidates in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Astrain-Redin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, University of Navarra, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Carmen Sanmartin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, University of Navarra, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Arun K Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State Cancer Institute, CH72, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States
| | - Daniel Plano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, University of Navarra, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State Cancer Institute, CH72, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States
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Pramanik S, Maity S, Ghosh P, Mukhopadhyay C. Acid-promoted multicomponent allylic amidation towards 7-acetamido tetrahydroindole derivatives. Tetrahedron Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.12.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Phillips RM, Hendriks HR, Sweeney JB, Reddy G, Peters GJ. Efficacy, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluation of apaziquone in the treatment of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2017. [PMID: 28637373 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2017.1341490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Apaziquone (also known as EO9 and QapzolaTM) is a prodrug that is activated to DNA damaging species by oxidoreductases (particularly NQO1) and has the ability to kill aerobic and/or hypoxic cancer cells. Areas covered: Whilst its poor pharmacokinetic properties contributed to its failure in phase II clinical trials when administered intravenously, these properties were ideal for loco-regional therapies. Apaziquone demonstrated good anti-cancer activity against non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) when administered intravesically to marker lesions and was well tolerated with no systemic side effects. However, phase III clinical trials did not reach statistical significance for the primary endpoint of 2-year recurrence in apaziquone over placebo although improvements were observed. Post-hoc analysis of the combined study data did indicate a significant benefit for patients treated with apaziquone, especially when the instillation of apaziquone was given 30 min or more after surgery. A further phase III study is ongoing to test the hypotheses generated in the unsuccessful phase III studies conducted to date. Expert opinion: Because of its specific pharmacological properties, Apaziquone is excellently suited for local therapy such as NMIBC. Future studies should include proper biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Phillips
- a Department of Pharmacy , University of Huddersfield , Huddersfield , UK.,b Department of Chemical Sciences , University of Huddersfield , UK
| | - H R Hendriks
- c Hendriks Pharmaceutical Consulting , Purmerend , The Netherlands
| | - J B Sweeney
- a Department of Pharmacy , University of Huddersfield , Huddersfield , UK.,b Department of Chemical Sciences , University of Huddersfield , UK
| | - G Reddy
- d Spectrum Pharmaceuticals Inc , Irvine , CA , USA
| | - G J Peters
- e Department of Medical Oncology , VU University Medical Center , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
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Xu S, Yao H, Pei L, Hu M, Li D, Qiu Y, Wang G, Wu L, Yao H, Zhu Z, Xu J. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of NAD(P)H: Quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1)-targeted oridonin prodrugs possessing indolequinone moiety for hypoxia-selective activation. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 132:310-321. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.03.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Structure-based design and evaluation of novel N-phenyl-1H-indol-2-amine derivatives for fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) protein inhibition. Comput Biol Chem 2016; 64:414-425. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients diagnosed in late stages have limited chemotherapeutic options underscoring the great need for development of new anticancer agents for more effective disease management. We aimed to investigate the anticancer potential of Apaziquone, [EOquin, USAN, E09, 3-hydroxy-5- aziridinyl-1-methyl-2(1H-indole-4,7-dione)–prop-β-en-α-ol], a pro-drug belonging to a class of anti-cancer agents called bioreductive alkylating agents, for OSCC. Apaziquone treatment inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in OSCC cells in vitro. Apaziquone treated OSCC cells showed increased activation of Caspase 9 and Caspase 3, and Poly (ADP ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage suggesting induction of apoptosis by apaziquone in oral cancer cells. Importantly, apaziquone treatment significantly reduced oral tumor xenograft volume in immunocompromised NOD/SCID/Crl mice without causing apparent toxicity to normal tissues. In conclusion, our in vitro and in vivo studies identified and demonstrated the pre-clinical efficacy of Apaziquone, as a potential novel anti-cancer therapeutic candidate for oral cancer management.
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van Lingen AV, Arends TJH, Witjes JA. Expert review: an update in current and developing intravesical therapies for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2014; 13:1257-68. [PMID: 24168049 DOI: 10.1586/14737140.2013.852474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer is a highly prevalent disease and recurrences, after initial therapy, are common. Consequently, the healthcare costs for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer are high. Despite a primary adequate response to adjuvant intravesical treatment, many patients suffer from recurrences, and some even from progression. To date, cystectomy remains the only option for those non-responding patients with high risk of recurrence and progression. Mainly because outcome after progression, in this group, is poor. Therefore, new intravesical therapies are needed. Moreover, new accurate and individual parameters, to distinguish responder from non-responders, will provide additional benefit in clinical decision-making. In this review, current diagnostics and therapies will be discussed. In addition, we will elucidate developing therapies in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna V van Lingen
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein zuid 10, 6525GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Oosterlinck W, Decaestecker K. Current strategies in the treatment of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2014; 12:1097-106. [DOI: 10.1586/era.12.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Kaushik NK, Kaushik N, Attri P, Kumar N, Kim CH, Verma AK, Choi EH. Biomedical importance of indoles. Molecules 2013; 18:6620-62. [PMID: 23743888 PMCID: PMC6270133 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18066620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 826] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Revised: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The indole nucleus is an important element of many natural and synthetic molecules with significant biological activity. This review covers some of the relevant and recent achievements in the biological, chemical and pharmacological activity of important indole derivatives in the areas of drug discovery and analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagendra Kumar Kaushik
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 139701, Korea; E-Mails: (P.A.); (N.K.); (C.H.K.)
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (N.K.K); (N.K.); (A.K.V.); (E.H.C.); Tel.: +82-10-4187-8618 (N.K.K.) Fax: +82-940-5664 (N.K.K)
| | - Neha Kaushik
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 139701, Korea; E-Mails: (P.A.); (N.K.); (C.H.K.)
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (N.K.K); (N.K.); (A.K.V.); (E.H.C.); Tel.: +82-10-4187-8618 (N.K.K.) Fax: +82-940-5664 (N.K.K)
| | - Pankaj Attri
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 139701, Korea; E-Mails: (P.A.); (N.K.); (C.H.K.)
| | - Naresh Kumar
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 139701, Korea; E-Mails: (P.A.); (N.K.); (C.H.K.)
| | - Chung Hyeok Kim
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 139701, Korea; E-Mails: (P.A.); (N.K.); (C.H.K.)
| | - Akhilesh Kumar Verma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (N.K.K); (N.K.); (A.K.V.); (E.H.C.); Tel.: +82-10-4187-8618 (N.K.K.) Fax: +82-940-5664 (N.K.K)
| | - Eun Ha Choi
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 139701, Korea; E-Mails: (P.A.); (N.K.); (C.H.K.)
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (N.K.K); (N.K.); (A.K.V.); (E.H.C.); Tel.: +82-10-4187-8618 (N.K.K.) Fax: +82-940-5664 (N.K.K)
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Johnson DC, Pruthi RS, Woods ME. Perioperative chemotherapy: when to use it, what to use, and why. Urol Clin North Am 2013; 40:183-95. [PMID: 23540777 DOI: 10.1016/j.ucl.2013.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
This article provides an overview of intravesical chemotherapy agents used for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer; summarizes the evidence on single-dose perioperative administration, induction therapy, and maintenance therapy; and briefly discusses ongoing research.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Johnson
- Department of Urology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7235, USA
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Abstract
• Intravesical therapy is a well-established treatment option for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). • Choosing the appropriate intravesical agent, schedule and duration of treatment has long been an area of debate. • We review the intravesical agents that are currently used in the management of NMIBC and examine the indications and limitations of their use. • Given the relative high rates of toxicity, failure and non-completion of traditional treatments we also examine some of the newer treatment options available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Callum Logan
- School of Surgery, University of Western Australia, Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia
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