1
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Wu XS, Luo XY, Li CC, Zhao XF, Zhang C, Chen XS, Lu ZF, Wu T, Yu HN, Peng C, Hu QQ, Shen H, Xu Y, Zhang Y. Discovery and pharmacological characterization of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline derivatives as RORγ inverse agonists against prostate cancer. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024; 45:1964-1977. [PMID: 38698214 PMCID: PMC11336105 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-024-01274-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor γ (RORγ) is regarded as an attractive therapeutic target for the treatment of prostate cancer. Herein, we report the identification, optimization, and evaluation of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline derivatives as novel RORγ inverse agonists, starting from high throughput screening using a thermal stability shift assay (TSA). The representative compounds 13e (designated as XY039) and 14a (designated as XY077) effectively inhibited the RORγ transcriptional activity and exhibited excellent selectivity against other nuclear receptor subtypes. The structural basis for their inhibitory potency was elucidated through the crystallographic study of RORγ LBD complex with 13e. Both 13e and 14a demonstrated reasonable antiproliferative activity, potently inhibited colony formation and the expression of AR, AR regulated genes, and other oncogene in AR positive prostate cancer cell lines. Moreover, 13e and 14a effectively suppressed tumor growth in a 22Rv1 xenograft tumor model in mice. This work provides new and valuable lead compounds for further development of drugs against prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Shan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Biomedicine and Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Center for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou, 510530 China; Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China.
| | - Xiao-Yu Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Biomedicine and Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Center for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou, 510530 China; Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Cheng-Chang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Biomedicine and Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Center for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou, 510530 China; Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Xiao-Fan Zhao
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Biomedicine and Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Center for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou, 510530 China; Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Xiao-Shan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Biomedicine and Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Center for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou, 510530 China; Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhi-Fang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Biomedicine and Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Center for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou, 510530 China; Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Tong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Biomedicine and Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Center for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou, 510530 China; Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Hao-Nan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Biomedicine and Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Center for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou, 510530 China; Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Chao Peng
- Jiangsu S&T Exchange Center with Foreign Countries, No. 175 Longpan Road, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Qing-Qing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Biomedicine and Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Center for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou, 510530 China; Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Hui Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Biomedicine and Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Center for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou, 510530 China; Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Yong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Biomedicine and Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Center for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou, 510530 China; Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China.
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Biomedicine and Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Center for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou, 510530 China; Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China.
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2
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Niu L, Liu H, Li X, Wang L, Hua H, Cao Q, Xiang Q, Cai T, Zhu D. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of 2-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)-N-phenylacetamide derivatives as TRPM4 inhibitors for the treatment of prostate cancer. Bioorg Med Chem 2024; 98:117584. [PMID: 38168629 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential melastatin 4 (TRPM4) is considered to be a potential target for cancer and other human diseases. Herein, a series of 2-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)-N-phenylacetamide derivatives were designed and synthesized as new TRPM4 inhibitors, aiming to improve cellular potency. One of the most promising compounds, 7d (ZX08903), displayed promising antiproliferative activity against prostate cancer cell lines. 7d also suppressed colony formation and the expression of androgen receptor (AR) protein in prostate cancer cells. Furthermore, 7d can concentration-dependently induce cell apoptosis in prostate cancer cells. Collectively, these findings indicated that compound 7d may serve as a promising lead compound for further anticancer drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Niu
- Guoke Ningbo Life Science and Health Industry Research Institute, Ningbo No.2 Hospital, Ningbo, 315010, China; Department of Urology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Huina Liu
- Guoke Ningbo Life Science and Health Industry Research Institute, Ningbo No.2 Hospital, Ningbo, 315010, China
| | - Xiaomei Li
- Guoke Ningbo Life Science and Health Industry Research Institute, Ningbo No.2 Hospital, Ningbo, 315010, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Urology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Hui Hua
- Guoke Ningbo Life Science and Health Industry Research Institute, Ningbo No.2 Hospital, Ningbo, 315010, China
| | - Qiaofeng Cao
- Department of Urology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Qiuping Xiang
- Guoke Ningbo Life Science and Health Industry Research Institute, Ningbo No.2 Hospital, Ningbo, 315010, China
| | - Ting Cai
- Guoke Ningbo Life Science and Health Industry Research Institute, Ningbo No.2 Hospital, Ningbo, 315010, China.
| | - Dongsheng Zhu
- Department of Urology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
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3
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Handelsman DJ. History of androgens and androgen action. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 36:101629. [PMID: 35277356 DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2022.101629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David J Handelsman
- Professor of Reproductive Endocrinology and Andrology, ANZAC Research Institute, University of SydneyHead, Andrology Department, Concord RG Hospital, Australia.
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4
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Xiang Q, Wang C, Wu T, Zhang C, Hu Q, Luo G, Hu J, Zhuang X, Zou L, Shen H, Wu X, Zhang Y, Kong X, Liu J, Xu Y. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of 1-(Indolizin-3-yl)ethan-1-ones as CBP Bromodomain Inhibitors for the Treatment of Prostate Cancer. J Med Chem 2021; 65:785-810. [PMID: 34962793 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
CREB (cyclic-AMP responsive element binding protein) binding protein (CBP) is a potential target for prostate cancer treatment. Herein, we report the structural optimization of a series of 1-(indolizin-3-yl)ethan-1-one compounds as new selective CBP bromodomain inhibitors, aiming to improve cellular potency and metabolic stability. This process led to compound 9g (Y08284), which possesses good liver microsomal stability and pharmacokinetic properties (F = 25.9%). Furthermore, the compound is able to inhibit CBP bromodomain as well as the proliferation, colony formation, and migration of prostate cancer cells. Additionally, the new inhibitor shows promising antitumor efficacy in a 22Rv1 xenograft model (TGI = 88%). This study provides new lead compounds for further development of drugs for the treatment of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuping Xiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tianbang Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Qingqing Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guolong Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiankang Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoxi Zhuang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Lingjiao Zou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Hui Shen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xishan Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Xiangqian Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Jinsong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China.,China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou 510530, China.,State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
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5
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Wu X, Shen H, Zhang Y, Wang C, Li Q, Zhang C, Zhuang X, Li C, Shi Y, Xing Y, Xiang Q, Xu J, Wu D, Liu J, Xu Y. Discovery and Characterization of Benzimidazole Derivative XY123 as a Potent, Selective, and Orally Available RORγ Inverse Agonist. J Med Chem 2021; 64:8775-8797. [PMID: 34121397 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Receptor-related orphan receptor γ (RORγ) has emerged as an attractive therapeutic target for the treatment of cancer and inflammatory diseases. Herein, we report our effort on the discovery, optimization, and evaluation of benzothiazole and benzimidazole derivatives as novel inverse agonists of RORγ. The representative compound 27h (designated as XY123) potently inhibited the RORγ transcription activity with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 64 nM and showed excellent selectivity against other nuclear receptors. 27h also potently suppressed cell proliferation, colony formation, and the expression of androgen receptor (AR)-regulated genes in AR-positive prostate cancer cell lines. In addition, 27h demonstrated good metabolic stability and a pharmacokinetic property with reasonable oral bioavailability (32.41%) and moderate half-life (t1/2 = 4.98 h). Significantly, oral administration of compound 27h achieved complete and long-lasting tumor regression in the 22Rv1 xenograft tumor model in mice. Compound 27h may serve as a new valuable lead compound for further development of drugs for the treatment of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xishan Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510530, China
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou 510005, China
| | - Hui Shen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510530, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510530, China
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou 510005, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510530, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qiu Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510530, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Xiaoxi Zhuang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Chenchang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Yudan Shi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Yanli Xing
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Qiuping Xiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Jinxin Xu
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Donghai Wu
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Jinsong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510530, China
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou 510005, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
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6
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Rasool RU, Natesan R, Deng Q, Aras S, Lal P, Sander Effron S, Mitchell-Velasquez E, Posimo JM, Carskadon S, Baca SC, Pomerantz MM, Siddiqui J, Schwartz LE, Lee DJ, Palanisamy N, Narla G, Den RB, Freedman ML, Brady DC, Asangani IA. CDK7 Inhibition Suppresses Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer through MED1 Inactivation. Cancer Discov 2019; 9:1538-1555. [PMID: 31466944 PMCID: PMC7202356 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-19-0189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is a fatal disease, primarily resulting from the transcriptional addiction driven by androgen receptor (AR). First-line CRPC treatments typically target AR signaling, but are rapidly bypassed, resulting in only a modest survival benefit with antiandrogens. Therapeutic approaches that more effectively block the AR-transcriptional axis are urgently needed. Here, we investigated the molecular mechanism underlying the association between the transcriptional coactivator MED1 and AR as a vulnerability in AR-driven CRPC. MED1 undergoes CDK7-dependent phosphorylation at T1457 and physically engages AR at superenhancer sites, and is essential for AR-mediated transcription. In addition, a CDK7-specific inhibitor, THZ1, blunts AR-dependent neoplastic growth by blocking AR/MED1 corecruitment genome-wide, as well as reverses the hyperphosphorylated MED1-associated enzalutamide-resistant phenotype. In vivo, THZ1 induces tumor regression of AR-amplified human CRPC in a xenograft mouse model. Together, we demonstrate that CDK7 inhibition selectively targets MED1-mediated, AR-dependent oncogenic transcriptional amplification, thus representing a potential new approach for the treatment of CRPC. SIGNIFICANCE: Potent inhibition of AR signaling is critical to treat CRPC. This study uncovers a driver role for CDK7 in regulating AR-mediated transcription through phosphorylation of MED1, thus revealing a therapeutically targetable potential vulnerability in AR-addicted CRPC.See related commentary by Russo et al., p. 1490.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1469.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reyaz Ur Rasool
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ramakrishnan Natesan
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Qu Deng
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Shweta Aras
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Priti Lal
- Department of Pathology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Samuel Sander Effron
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Erick Mitchell-Velasquez
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jessica M Posimo
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Shannon Carskadon
- Department of Urology, Vattikuti Urology Institute, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Sylvan C Baca
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mark M Pomerantz
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Javed Siddiqui
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Lauren E Schwartz
- Department of Pathology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Daniel J Lee
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Nallasivam Palanisamy
- Department of Urology, Vattikuti Urology Institute, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Goutham Narla
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Robert B Den
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Matthew L Freedman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Donita C Brady
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Irfan A Asangani
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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7
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Zhang Y, Pitchiaya S, Cieślik M, Niknafs YS, Tien JCY, Hosono Y, Iyer MK, Yazdani S, Subramaniam S, Shukla SK, Jiang X, Wang L, Liu TY, Uhl M, Gawronski AR, Qiao Y, Xiao L, Dhanasekaran SM, Juckette KM, Kunju LP, Cao X, Patel U, Batish M, Shukla GC, Paulsen MT, Ljungman M, Jiang H, Mehra R, Backofen R, Sahinalp CS, Freier SM, Watt AT, Guo S, Wei JT, Feng FY, Malik R, Chinnaiyan AM. Analysis of the androgen receptor-regulated lncRNA landscape identifies a role for ARLNC1 in prostate cancer progression. Nat Genet 2018; 50:814-824. [PMID: 29808028 PMCID: PMC5980762 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-018-0120-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The androgen receptor (AR) plays a critical role in the development of the normal prostate as well as prostate cancer. Using an integrative transcriptomic analysis of prostate cancer cell lines and tissues, we identified ARLNC1 (AR-regulated long non-coding RNA 1) as an important long non-coding RNA that is strongly associated with AR signaling in prostate cancer progression. Not only was ARLNC1 induced by AR protein, ARLNC1 stabilized the AR transcript via RNA-RNA interaction. ARLNC1 knockdown suppressed AR expression, global AR signaling, and prostate cancer growth in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, these data support a role for ARLNC1 in maintaining a positive feedback loop that potentiates AR signaling during prostate cancer progression, and identifies ARLNC1 as a novel therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajia Zhang
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Molecular and Cellular Pathology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sethuramasundaram Pitchiaya
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Marcin Cieślik
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yashar S Niknafs
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jean C-Y Tien
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yasuyuki Hosono
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Matthew K Iyer
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sahr Yazdani
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Shruthi Subramaniam
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sudhanshu K Shukla
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Dharwad, Dharwad, India
| | - Xia Jiang
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lisha Wang
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Tzu-Ying Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Michael Uhl
- Department of Computer Science and Centre for Biological Signaling Studies (BIOSS), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alexander R Gawronski
- School of Computing Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Yuanyuan Qiao
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lanbo Xiao
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Saravana M Dhanasekaran
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kristin M Juckette
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lakshmi P Kunju
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Xuhong Cao
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Utsav Patel
- New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Mona Batish
- New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA.,Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Girish C Shukla
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease, Cleveland State Univesity, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Michelle T Paulsen
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mats Ljungman
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Hui Jiang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Rohit Mehra
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Rolf Backofen
- Department of Computer Science and Centre for Biological Signaling Studies (BIOSS), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Cenk S Sahinalp
- School of Informatics and Computing, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA.,Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | | | | | - John T Wei
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Felix Y Feng
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Breast Oncology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Departments of Radiation Oncology, Urology, and Medicine, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rohit Malik
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Arul M Chinnaiyan
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. .,Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. .,Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. .,Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. .,Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. .,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. .,Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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8
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Xiang Q, Zhang Y, Li J, Xue X, Wang C, Song M, Zhang C, Wang R, Li C, Wu C, Zhou Y, Yang X, Li G, Ding K, Xu Y. Y08060: A Selective BET Inhibitor for Treatment of Prostate Cancer. ACS Med Chem Lett 2018; 9:262-267. [PMID: 29541371 PMCID: PMC5846130 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.8b00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a commonly diagnosed cancer and a leading cause of cancer-related deaths. The bromodomain and extra terminal domain (BET) family proteins have emerged as potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer. A series of 2,2-dimethyl-2H-benzo[b][1,4]oxazin-3(4H)-one derivatives were designed and synthesized as selective bromodomain containing protein 4 (BRD4) inhibitors. The compounds potently inhibit BRD4(1) with nanomolar IC50 values and exhibit high selectivity over most non-BET subfamily members. One of the representative compounds 36 (Y08060) effectively suppresses cell growth, colony formation, and expression of androgen receptor (AR), AR regulated genes, and MYC in prostate cancer cell lines. In in vivo studies, 36 demonstrates a good PK profile with high oral bioavailability (61.54%) and is a promising lead compound for further prostate cancer drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuping Xiang
- Guangdong
Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Joint School of Life Sciences,
Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of
Sciences; Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Guangdong
Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Joint School of Life Sciences,
Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of
Sciences; Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiaguo Li
- Guangdong
Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Joint School of Life Sciences,
Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of
Sciences; Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, No. 1266 Fujin Road, Chaoyang District, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Xiaoqian Xue
- Guangdong
Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Joint School of Life Sciences,
Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of
Sciences; Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Guangdong
Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Joint School of Life Sciences,
Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of
Sciences; Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Song
- Guangdong
Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Joint School of Life Sciences,
Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of
Sciences; Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Guangdong
Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Joint School of Life Sciences,
Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of
Sciences; Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, No. 1266 Fujin Road, Chaoyang District, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Guangdong
Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Joint School of Life Sciences,
Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of
Sciences; Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chenchang Li
- Guangdong
Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Joint School of Life Sciences,
Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of
Sciences; Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, No. 1266 Fujin Road, Chaoyang District, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Chun Wu
- Guangdong
Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Joint School of Life Sciences,
Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of
Sciences; Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yulai Zhou
- School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, No. 1266 Fujin Road, Chaoyang District, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Xiaohong Yang
- School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, No. 1266 Fujin Road, Chaoyang District, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Guohui Li
- Laboratory
of Molecular Modeling and Design, State Key Laboratory of Molecular
Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Ke Ding
- School
of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Guangdong
Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Joint School of Life Sciences,
Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of
Sciences; Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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9
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Ebron JS, Shukla GC. Molecular characterization of a novel androgen receptor transgene responsive to MicroRNA mediated post-transcriptional control exerted via 3'-untranslated region. Prostate 2016; 76:834-44. [PMID: 26988939 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Androgen Receptor (AR) gene is associated with Prostate cancer (PCa) and hence targeting androgen-and AR-signaling axis remains the most promising primary therapeutic option to treat the disease. The AR mRNA has a 6.8 kb long 3'-untranslated region (UTR) which harbors several experimentally validated and numerous predicted miRNA binding sites. AR 3'-UTR is likely to positively or negatively regulate AR expression by interacting with miRNAs and possibly other trans-acting auxiliary factors including 3'-UTR RNA binding proteins. In this context, systematic understanding of the regulatory role of AR 3'-UTR in intrinsic post-transcriptional control of AR gene expression is of significance to understand AR related diseases including PCa. METHODS In this study, we have constructed a heterologous reporter system in which Firefly luciferase and AR expression is experimentally influenced by the presence of AR 3'-UTR and its interactions with ectopically expressing miRNA. RESULTS The expression of AR 3'-UTR containing reporters, including the Firefly luciferase and the AR open reading frame (ORF) were repressed by the overexpression of miR-488* mimics. In addition, the AR expressed from 3'-UTR containing expression vectors was fully functional in its transactivation function as determined by a prostate specific antigen (PSA) reporter assay. Further, by using confocal microscopy we also demonstrate that AR can translocate to the nucleus upon DHT activation confirming the functional ability of AR. CONCLUSIONS AR transgenes with AR 3'-UTR fragments closely resemble the endogenous AR expression than any other previously characterized AR expression constructs. The 3'-UTR containing AR expression system is amiable to post-transcriptional manipulations including miRNA mediated repression of AR expression. This AR reporter system has the potential to be used in determining specificity of AR targeting miRNAs and their role in AR functional regulatory networks. Prostate 76:834-844, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jey Sabith Ebron
- Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Biological Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Girish C Shukla
- Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Biological Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio
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10
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Chang L, Graham PH, Ni J, Hao J, Bucci J, Cozzi PJ, Li Y. Targeting PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in the treatment of prostate cancer radioresistance. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2015; 96:507-17. [PMID: 26253360 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2015.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/Akt and the mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/Akt/mTOR) pathway is one of the most frequently activated signaling pathways in prostate cancer (CaP) and other cancers, and responsible for the survival, metastasis and therapeutic resistance. Recent advances in radiation therapy indicate that activation of this pathway is closely associated with cancer radioresistance, which is a major challenge for the current CaP radiation treatment. Therefore, targeting this pathway by inhibitors to enhance radiosensitivity has great potential for clinical benefits of CaP patients. In this review, we summarize the recent findings in the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in CaP radiotherapy research and discuss the potential use of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway inhibitors as radiosensitizers in the treatment of CaP radioresistance in preclinical studies to explore novel approaches for future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chang
- Cancer Care Centre and Prostate Cancer Institute, St. George Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; St George and Sutherland Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter H Graham
- Cancer Care Centre and Prostate Cancer Institute, St. George Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; St George and Sutherland Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Jie Ni
- Cancer Care Centre and Prostate Cancer Institute, St. George Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; St George and Sutherland Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Jingli Hao
- Cancer Care Centre and Prostate Cancer Institute, St. George Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; St George and Sutherland Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Joseph Bucci
- Cancer Care Centre and Prostate Cancer Institute, St. George Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; St George and Sutherland Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Paul J Cozzi
- St George and Sutherland Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia; Department of Surgery, St. George Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yong Li
- Cancer Care Centre and Prostate Cancer Institute, St. George Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; St George and Sutherland Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia.
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11
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Karzai FH, Madan RA, Figg WD. Beyond PSA: managing modern therapeutic options in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. South Med J 2015; 108:224-8. [PMID: 25871992 DOI: 10.14423/smj.0000000000000266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer remains a significant cause of cancer-related deaths in men in the United States. Significant advances in the treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer have been made in recent years with the arrival of new therapeutic targets and options. The definition of progression of disease must be thought of in the context of clinical symptoms and radiographic evidence rather than as changes in prostate-specific antigen (PSA). Ultimately, the use of PSA criteria alone should not be used to determine the progression of disease; instead, PSA should be evaluated in combination with other clinical data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima H Karzai
- From the Medical Oncology Service, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ravi A Madan
- From the Medical Oncology Service, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - William D Figg
- From the Medical Oncology Service, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
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12
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Asangani IA, Dommeti VL, Wang X, Malik R, Cieslik M, Yang R, Escara-Wilke J, Wilder-Romans K, Dhanireddy S, Engelke C, Iyer MK, Jing X, Wu YM, Cao X, Qin ZS, Wang S, Feng FY, Chinnaiyan AM. Therapeutic targeting of BET bromodomain proteins in castration-resistant prostate cancer. Nature 2014; 510:278-82. [PMID: 24759320 PMCID: PMC4075966 DOI: 10.1038/nature13229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 746] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Men who develop metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) invariably succumb to the disease. The development and progression to CRPC following androgen ablation therapy is predominantly driven by unregulated androgen receptor (AR) signaling1-3. Despite the success of recently approved therapies targeting AR signaling such as abiraterone4-6 and second generation anti-androgens MDV3100 (enzalutamide)7,8, durable responses are limited, presumably due to acquired resistance. Recently JQ1 and I-BET, two selective small molecule inhibitors that target the amino-terminal bromodomains of BRD4, have been shown to exhibit anti-proliferative effects in a range of malignancies9-12. Here we show that AR signaling-competent CRPC cell lines are preferentially sensitive to BET bromodomain inhibition. BRD4 physically interacts with the N-terminal domain of AR and can be disrupted by JQ111,13. Like the direct AR antagonist, MDV3100, JQ1 disrupted AR recruitment to target gene loci. In contrast to MDV3100, JQ1 functions downstream of AR, and more potently abrogated BRD4 localization to AR target loci and AR-mediated gene transcription including induction of TMPRSS2-ERG and its oncogenic activity. In vivo, BET bromodomain inhibition was more efficacious than direct AR antagonism in CRPC xenograft models. Taken together, these studies provide a novel epigenetic approach for the concerted blockade of oncogenic drivers in advanced prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irfan A Asangani
- 1] Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA [2] Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Vijaya L Dommeti
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Xiaoju Wang
- 1] Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA [2] Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Rohit Malik
- 1] Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA [2] Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Marcin Cieslik
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Rendong Yang
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, USA
| | - June Escara-Wilke
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Kari Wilder-Romans
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Sudheer Dhanireddy
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Carl Engelke
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Mathew K Iyer
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Xiaojun Jing
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Yi-Mi Wu
- 1] Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA [2] Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Xuhong Cao
- 1] Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA [2] Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Zhaohui S Qin
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, USA
| | - Shaomeng Wang
- 1] Departments of Internal Medicine, Pharmacology, and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA [2] Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Felix Y Feng
- 1] Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA [2] Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA [3] Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Arul M Chinnaiyan
- 1] Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA [2] Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA [3] Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA [4] Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA [5] Department of Urology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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13
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Friedlander TW, Ngo VT, Dong H, Premasekharan G, Weinberg V, Doty S, Zhao Q, Gilbert EG, Ryan CJ, Chen WT, Paris PL. Detection and characterization of invasive circulating tumor cells derived from men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Int J Cancer 2014; 134:2284-93. [PMID: 24166007 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The Vitatex cell-adhesion matrix (CAM) platform allows for isolation of invasive circulating tumor cells (iCTCs). Here we sought to determine the utility of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) as a metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) iCTC biomarker, to identify solitary cells and clusters of iCTCs expressing either epithelial, mesenchymal, or stem cell markers, and to explore the feasibility of iCTC epigenomic analysis. CTCs were isolated and enumerated simultaneously using the Vitatex and CellSearch platforms in 23 men with mCRPC. CAM-avid iCTCs were identified as nucleated cells capable of CAM uptake, but without detectable expression of hematopoietic lineage (HL) markers including CD45. iCTCs were enumerated immunocytochemically (ICC) and by flow cytometry. Whole-genome methylation status was determined for iCTCs using the Illumina HumanMethylation27 BeadChip. Thirty-four samples were collected for iCTC analysis. A median of 27 (range 0-800) and 23 (range 2-390) iCTCs/mL were detected by ICC and flow, respectively. In a subset of 20 samples, a median of seven CTCs/mL (range 0-85) were detected by the CellSearch platform compared to 26 by the CAM platform. iCTC clusters were observed in 17% of samples. iCTCs expressing PSMA as well as markers of EMT and stemness were detectable. The iCTC methylation profile highly resembled mCRPC. More CTCs were recovered using the CAM platform than the CellSearch platform, and the CAM platform allowed for the detection of iCTC clusters, iCTCs expressing EMT and stem-cell markers, and characterization of the iCTC methylome. Correlation with clinical data in future studies may yield further insight into the functional significance of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terence W Friedlander
- Division of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA
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14
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Heidegger I, Massoner P, Eder IE, Pircher A, Pichler R, Aigner F, Bektic J, Horninger W, Klocker H. Novel therapeutic approaches for the treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2013; 138:248-56. [PMID: 23792785 PMCID: PMC3834152 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2013.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Revised: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a leading cause of cancer death in men in developed countries. Once the tumor has achieved a castration-refractory metastatic stage, treatment options are limited with the average survival of patients ranging from two to three years only. Recently, new drugs for treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) have been approved, and others are in an advanced stage of clinical testing. In this review we provide an overview of the new therapeutic agents that arrived in the clinical praxis or are tested in clinical studies and their mode of action including hormone synthesis inhibitors, new androgen receptor blockers, bone targeting and antiangiogenic agents, endothelin receptor antagonists, growth factor inhibitors, novel radiotherapeutics and taxanes, and immunotherapeutic approaches. Results and limitations from clinical studies as well as future needs for improvement of CRPC treatments are critically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Heidegger
- Department of Urology, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Petra Massoner
- Department of Urology, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Iris E. Eder
- Department of Urology, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andreas Pircher
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Renate Pichler
- Department of Urology, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Friedrich Aigner
- Department of Radiology, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jasmin Bektic
- Department of Urology, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Horninger
- Department of Urology, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Helmut Klocker
- Department of Urology, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Corresponding author at: Department of Urology, Division of Experimental Urology, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria. Tel.: +43 512 504 24818; fax: +43 512 504 24817.
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15
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Abstract
In 2010, the US FDA approved the first therapeutic cancer vaccine for the treatment of castration refractory prostate cancer - sipuleucel-T. Prostate cancer is an ideal model for cancer vaccine development based on the ready demonstration of humoral and cellular immunity to a range of cancer antigens as well as often slow progression which means that patients who are otherwise well may have a radiologically evaluable minor progression, after conventional treatment and can undergo vaccine therapy over sufficient periods of time, so as to allow the generation of a robust antitumor response. The association of prostate cancer with one of the few serum cancer biomarkers in general use has also allowed assessment of response and risk stratification of patients. In this review, we will examine key aspects of the evolution of prostate cancer vaccines, which provides an accurate prototype for other cancers, and the challenges we face.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Michael
- Oncology Group, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Leggett Building, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7WG, UK.
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16
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Abstract
Despite significant advances in surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy to treat prostate cancer (CaP), many patients die of secondary disease (metastases). Current therapeutic approaches are limited, and there is no cure for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM, also known as CD326) is a transmembrane glycoprotein that is highly expressed in rapidly proliferating carcinomas and plays an important role in the prevention of cell-cell adhesion, cell signalling, migration, proliferation and differentiation. Stably and highly expressed EpCAM has been found in primary CaP tissues, effusions and CaP metastases, making it an ideal candidate of tumour-associated antigen to detect metastasis of CaP cells in the circulation as well as a promising therapeutic target to control metastatic CRPC disease. In this review, we discuss the implications of the newly identified roles of EpCAM in terms of its diagnostic and metastatic relevance to CaP. We also summarize EpCAM expression in human CaP and EpCAM-mediated signalling pathways in cancer metastasis. Finally, emerging and innovative approaches to the management of the disease and expanding potential therapeutic applications of EpCAM for targeted strategies in future CaP therapy will be explored.
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17
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Purushottamachar P, Godbole AM, Gediya LK, Martin MS, Vasaitis TS, Kwegyir-Afful AK, Ramalingam S, Ates-Alagoz Z, Njar VCO. Systematic structure modifications of multitarget prostate cancer drug candidate galeterone to produce novel androgen receptor down-regulating agents as an approach to treatment of advanced prostate cancer. J Med Chem 2013; 56:4880-98. [PMID: 23713567 DOI: 10.1021/jm400048v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
As part of our program to explore the influence of small structural modifications of our drug candidate 3β-(hydroxy)-17-(1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)androsta-5,16-diene (galeterone, 5) on the modulation of the androgen receptor (AR), we have prepared and evaluated a series of novel C-3, C-16, and C-17 analogues. Using structure activity analysis, we established that the benzimidazole moiety at C-17 is essential and optimal and also that hydrophilic and heteroaromatic groups at C-3 enhance both antiproliferative (AP) and AR degrading (ARD) activities. The most potent antiproliferative compounds were 3β-(1H-imidazole-1-carboxylate)-17-(1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)androsta-5,16-diene (47), 3-((EZ)-hydroximino)-17-(1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)androsta-4,16-diene (36), and 3β-(pyridine-4-carboxylate)-17-(1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)androsta-5,16-diene (43), with GI50 values of 0.87, 1.91, and 2.57 μM, respectively. Compared to 5, compound 47 was 4- and 8-fold more potent with respect to AP and ARD activities, respectively. Importantly, we also discovered that our compounds, including 5, 36, 43, and 47, could degrade both full-length and truncated ARs in CWR22rv1 human prostate cancer cells. With these activities, they have potential for development as new drugs for the treatment of all forms of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puranik Purushottamachar
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21201-1559, USA
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Pain questionnaire performance in advanced prostate cancer: comparative results from two international clinical trials. Qual Life Res 2013; 22:2777-86. [PMID: 23589119 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-013-0411-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare pain assessment questionnaires commonly used in advanced prostate cancer trials and to determine the psychometric characteristics and longitudinal relationships by contrasting questionnaire data from two international phase 2 trials. METHODS Scores from the Present Pain Intensity (PPI) question of the McGill Pain Questionnaire, the pain intensity scale of the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI), and the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Prostate (FACT-P) were analyzed using Pearson correlation, intraclass correlation coefficient, and Cronbach's α, respectively. Concordance was evaluated with Cohen's kappa coefficient and McNemar test at baseline (n = 224) and two subsequent observations. RESULTS PPI and FACT-P scores were associated with the BPI score at baseline for Trials 1 and 2: PPI r = 0.66 and 0.80, respectively (P < 0.001); FACT-P (pain scale) r = -0.76 and -0.82, respectively (P < 0.001). However, concordance analysis revealed that the BPI identified pain (score > 0) at higher rates than the PPI: at baseline, BPI: 89 % (64/72) and 77 % (95/124), PPI: 68 % (49/72) and 64 % (79/124) [Trials 1 and 2, respectively; McNemar test (P < 0.001) for both studies]. The FACT-P pain scale identified pain similarly to the BPI pain intensity scale; longitudinal analysis produced comparable findings. All pain scales met standard psychometric acceptability criteria, but the BPI and FACT-P performed better than the PPI. CONCLUSIONS Data suggest the BPI pain intensity and FACT-P pain scales are better than the PPI question at capturing the pain experience among patients with advanced prostate cancer. Additional comparative research is needed in larger population samples.
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Discovery of AZD3514, a small-molecule androgen receptor downregulator for treatment of advanced prostate cancer. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:1945-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.02.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Revised: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Ferraldeschi R, Pezaro C, Karavasilis V, de Bono J. Abiraterone and Novel Antiandrogens: Overcoming Castration Resistance in Prostate Cancer. Annu Rev Med 2013; 64:1-13. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-med-121211-091605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Ferraldeschi
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, Signal Transduction & Molecular Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology & Trials Team, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, SM25NG, United Kingdom;
| | - C. Pezaro
- Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, SM25PT, United Kingdom; ,
| | - V. Karavasilis
- Medical Oncology Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - J. de Bono
- Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, SM25PT, United Kingdom; ,
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Yamamoto S, Kobayashi H, Kaku T, Aikawa K, Hara T, Yamaoka M, Kanzaki N, Hasuoka A, Baba A, Ito M. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of 3-aryl-3-hydroxy-1-phenylpyrrolidine derivatives as novel androgen receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Gauthier S, Martel C, Labrie F. Steroid derivatives as pure antagonists of the androgen receptor. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2012; 132:93-104. [PMID: 22449547 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2012.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2011] [Revised: 02/27/2012] [Accepted: 02/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While the androgens of testicular origin (representing about 50% of total androgens in men over 50 years) can be completely eliminated by surgical or medical castration with GnRH (gonadotropin-releasing hormone) agonists or antagonists, the antiandrogens currently available as blockers of androgen binding to the androgen receptor (AR), namely bicalutamide (BICA), flutamide (FLU) and nilutamide have too weak affinity to completely neutralize the other 50% of androgens made locally from dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) in the prostate cancer tissue by the mechanisms of intracrinology. MATERIALS AND METHODS Series of steroid derivatives having pure and potent antagonistic activity on the human and rodent AR were synthesized. Assays of AR binding and activity in carcinoma mouse Shionogi and human LNCaP cells as well as in vivo bioavailability measurements and in vivo prostate weight assays in the rat were used. RESULTS The chosen lead steroidal compound, namely EM-5854, has a 3.7-fold higher affinity than BICA for the human AR while EM-5855, an important metabolite of EM-5854, has a 94-fold higher affinity for the human AR compared to BICA. EM-5854 and EM-5855 are 14 times more potent than BICA in inhibiting androgen (R1881)-stimulated prostatic specific antigen (PSA) secretion in human prostatic carcinoma LNCaP cells in vitro. MDV3100 has a potency comparable to bicalutamide in these assays. Depending upon the oral formulation, EM-5854 is 5- to 10-times more potent than BICA to inhibit dihydrotestosterone (DHT)-stimulated ventral prostatic weight in vivo in the rat while MDV3100 has lower activity than BICA in this in vivo model. These data are supported by respective 40-fold and 105-fold higher potencies of EM-5854 and EM-5855 compared to BICA to inhibit cell proliferation in the androgen-sensitive Shionogi carcinoma cell model. CONCLUSIONS Although the present preclinical results data need evaluation in clinical trials in men, combination of the data obtained in vitro in human LNCaP cells as indicator of potency in the human prostate and the data on metabolism evaluated in vivo on ventral prostate weight in the rat, could suggest the possibility of a 70- to 140-fold higher potency of EM-5854 compared to bicalutamide (Casodex) for the treatment of prostate cancer in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Gauthier
- Endoresearch Inc., 2989, de la Promenade, Quebec City, QC, Canada
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23
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Rawlinson A, Mohammed A, Miller M, Kunkler R. The role of enzalutamide in the treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer. Future Oncol 2012; 8:1073-81. [DOI: 10.2217/fon.12.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most common solid organ cancer affecting the male population. Men with metastatic prostate cancer treated with androgen ablation therapy often respond rapidly, with improvement in bone pain and decreases in serum prostate-specific antigen. However, almost all patients progress to the castration-resistant state and abiraterone acetate was the last treatment available with proven survival benefit. Enzalutamide (formerly MDV3100) is an androgen receptor signaling inhibitor that has been shown to improve survival in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer previously treated with chemotherapy. In this article we discuss the characteristics of enzalutamide and provide a review of its clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Rawlinson
- Department of Urology, Northampton General Hospital, Cliftonville Road, Northampton, NN1 5BD, UK
| | - Aza Mohammed
- Department of Urology, Northampton General Hospital, Cliftonville Road, Northampton, NN1 5BD, UK
| | - Marek Miller
- Department of Urology, Northampton General Hospital, Cliftonville Road, Northampton, NN1 5BD, UK
| | - Roger Kunkler
- Department of Urology, Northampton General Hospital, Cliftonville Road, Northampton, NN1 5BD, UK
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Sharifi N, Auchus RJ. Steroid biosynthesis and prostate cancer. Steroids 2012; 77:719-26. [PMID: 22503713 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2012.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Revised: 03/27/2012] [Accepted: 03/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The pathways of androgen biosynthesis in human beings have been studied for decades, and the major pathways and enzymes responsible for testosterone and dihydrotestosterone synthesis are now well described. Minor or alternate pathways, which might contribute substantially to androgen production in specific states, have also emerged. Likewise, the requirement of androgen for prostate formation and growth date back over a half-century, and the dependence of prostate cancer on androgens has been known and exploited for as long. Despite the success of testicular removal or suppression, androgen receptor antagonists, and androgen synthesis inhibitors in the treatment of prostate cancer, the sources of androgen, their routes of synthesis, and the contributions of various routes remain topics of debate, particularly in castration-resistant disease when circulating androgens are very low. Here we review the major pathways of 19-carbon steroid synthesis in the adrenal and gonad, peripheral pathways to active androgens, and recent data charting flux of androgen precursors in prostate cancer. We are far from a unified understanding of androgen generation in prostate cancer, but the similarities and differences from glandular androgen synthesis that have already emerged provide important clues to designing the next generation of treatments for this common and devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Sharifi
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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Cleve A, Fritzemeier KH, Haendler B, Heinrich N, Möller C, Schwede W, Wintermantel T. Pharmacology and clinical use of sex steroid hormone receptor modulators. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2012:543-587. [PMID: 23027466 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-30726-3_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Sex steroid receptors are ligand-triggered transcription factors. Oestrogen, progesterone and androgen receptors form, together with the glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptors, a subgroup of the superfamily of nuclear receptors. They share a common mode of action, namely translating a hormone-i.e. a small-molecule signal-from outside to changes in gene expression and cell fate, and thereby represent "natural" pharmacological targets.For pharmacological therapy, these receptors have originally been addressed by hormones and synthetic hormone analogues in order to overcome pathologies related to deficiencies in the natural ligands. Another major use for female sex hormone receptor modulators is oral contraception, i.e. birth control.On the other side, blocking the activity of sex steroid receptors has become an established way to treat hormone-dependent malignancies, such as breast and prostate cancer.In this review, we will discuss how the experience gained from the classical pharmacology of these receptors and their molecular similarities led to new options for the treatment of gender-specific diseases and highlight recent progress in medicinal chemistry of sex hormone-modulating drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Cleve
- Bayer Pharma AG, Muellerstr. 178, Berlin, Germany
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