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da Silva GN, Pereira IOA, Lima APB, Almeida TC, Sávio ALV, Costa RP, Leite KRM, Salvadori DMF. Combined expression of JHDM1D/KDM7A gene and long non-coding RNA RP11-363E7.4 as a biomarker for urothelial cancer prognosis. Genet Mol Biol 2024; 47:e20230265. [PMID: 39136575 PMCID: PMC11320665 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2023-0265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer is the tenth most frequently diagnosed cancer globally. Classification of high- or low-grade tumors is based on cytological differentiation and is an important prognostic factor. LncRNAs regulate gene expression and play critical roles in the occurrence and development of cancer, however, there are few reports on their diagnostic value and co-expression levels with genes, which may be useful as specific biomarkers for prognosis and therapy in bladder cancer. Thus, we performed a marker lesion study to investigate whether gene/lncRNA expression in urothelial carcinoma tissues may be useful in differentiating low-grade and high-grade tumors. RT-qPCR was used to evaluate the expression of the JHDM1D gene and the lncRNAs CTD-2132N18.2, SBF2-AS1, RP11-977B10.2, CTD-2510F5.4, and RP11-363E7.4 in 20 histologically diagnosed high-grade and 10 low-grade tumors. A protein-to-protein interaction network between genes associated with JHDM1D gene was constructed using STRING website. The results showed a moderate (positive) correlation between CTD-2510F5.4 and CTD2132N18.2. ROC curve analyses showed that combined JHDM1D and RP11-363E7.4 predicted tumor grade with an AUC of 0.826, showing excellent accuracy. In conclusion, the results indicated that the combined expression of JHDM1D and RP11-363E7.4 may be a prognostic biomarker and a promising target for urothelial tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenda Nicioli da Silva
- Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Escola de Farmácia, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Paula Braga Lima
- Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Escola de Farmácia, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | | | - André Luiz Ventura Sávio
- Faculdade Centro Oeste Paulista, Departamento de Odontologia, Piratininga, SP, Brazil
- Universidade do Oeste Paulista, Departamento de Ciências Médicas, Jaú, SP, Brazil
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2
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Yunianto I, Currie M, Chitcholtan K, Sykes P. Potential drug repurposing of ruxolitinib to inhibit the JAK/STAT pathway for the treatment of patients with epithelial ovarian cancer. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2023; 49:2563-2574. [PMID: 37565583 DOI: 10.1111/jog.15761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
AIM This review aimed to describe the potential for therapeutic targeting of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway by repurposing the clinically-approved JAK inhibitor ruxolitinib in the patients with epithelial ovarian cancer (OC) setting. METHODS We reviewed publications that focus on the inhibition of the JAK/STAT pathway in hematological and solid malignancies including OC. RESULTS Preclinical studies showed that ruxolitinib effectively reduces OC cell viability and metastasis and enhances the anti-tumor activity of chemotherapy drugs. There are a number of recent clinical trials exploring the role of JAK/STAT inhibition in solid cancers including OC. Early results have not adequately supported efficacy in solid tumors. However, there are preclinical data and clinical studies supporting the use of ruxolitinib in combination with both chemotherapy and other targeted drugs in OC setting. CONCLUSION Inflammatory conditions and persistent activation of the JAK/STAT pathway are associated with tumourigenesis and chemoresistance, and therapeutic blockade of this pathway shows promising results. For women with OC, clinical investigation exploring the role of ruxolitinib in combination with chemotherapy agents or other targeted therapeutics is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irfan Yunianto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Department of Biology Education, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Indonesia
| | - Margaret Currie
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Kenny Chitcholtan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Peter Sykes
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
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3
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Mustafa AHM, Krämer OH. Pharmacological Modulation of the Crosstalk between Aberrant Janus Kinase Signaling and Epigenetic Modifiers of the Histone Deacetylase Family to Treat Cancer. Pharmacol Rev 2023; 75:35-61. [PMID: 36752816 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.122.000612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperactivated Janus kinase (JAK) signaling is an appreciated drug target in human cancers. Numerous mutant JAK molecules as well as inherent and acquired drug resistance mechanisms limit the efficacy of JAK inhibitors (JAKi). There is accumulating evidence that epigenetic mechanisms control JAK-dependent signaling cascades. Like JAKs, epigenetic modifiers of the histone deacetylase (HDAC) family regulate the growth and development of cells and are often dysregulated in cancer cells. The notion that inhibitors of histone deacetylases (HDACi) abrogate oncogenic JAK-dependent signaling cascades illustrates an intricate crosstalk between JAKs and HDACs. Here, we summarize how structurally divergent, broad-acting as well as isoenzyme-specific HDACi, hybrid fusion pharmacophores containing JAKi and HDACi, and proteolysis targeting chimeras for JAKs inactivate the four JAK proteins JAK1, JAK2, JAK3, and tyrosine kinase-2. These agents suppress aberrant JAK activity through specific transcription-dependent processes and mechanisms that alter the phosphorylation and stability of JAKs. Pharmacological inhibition of HDACs abrogates allosteric activation of JAKs, overcomes limitations of ATP-competitive type 1 and type 2 JAKi, and interacts favorably with JAKi. Since such findings were collected in cultured cells, experimental animals, and cancer patients, we condense preclinical and translational relevance. We also discuss how future research on acetylation-dependent mechanisms that regulate JAKs might allow the rational design of improved treatments for cancer patients. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Reversible lysine-ɛ-N acetylation and deacetylation cycles control phosphorylation-dependent Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription signaling. The intricate crosstalk between these fundamental molecular mechanisms provides opportunities for pharmacological intervention strategies with modern small molecule inhibitors. This could help patients suffering from cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Al-Hassan M Mustafa
- Department of Toxicology, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany (A.-H.M.M., O.H.K.) and Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt (A.-H.M.M.)
| | - Oliver H Krämer
- Department of Toxicology, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany (A.-H.M.M., O.H.K.) and Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt (A.-H.M.M.)
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Huang B, Lang X, Li X. The role of IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in cancers. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1023177. [PMID: 36591515 PMCID: PMC9800921 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1023177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a pleiotropic cytokine involved in immune regulation. It can activate janus kinase 2 (JAK2)-signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathway. As one of the important signal transduction pathways in cells, JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway plays a critical role in cell proliferation and differentiation by affecting the activation state of downstream effector molecules. The activation of JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway is involved in tumorigenesis and development. It contributes to the formation of tumor inflammatory microenvironment and is closely related to the occurrence and development of many human tumors. This article focuses on the relationship between IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway and liver cancer, breast cancer, colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, lung cancer, pancreatic cancer and ovarian cancer, hoping to provide references for the research of cancer treatment targeting key molecules in IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Huang
- Operational Management Office, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoling Lang
- Operational Management Office, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China,*Correspondence: Xiaoling Lang, ; Xihong Li,
| | - Xihong Li
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China,Emergency Department, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,*Correspondence: Xiaoling Lang, ; Xihong Li,
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Krawczyk-Łebek A, Dymarska M, Janeczko T, Kostrzewa-Susłow E. Glycosylation of Methylflavonoids in the Cultures of Entomopathogenic Filamentous Fungi as a Tool for Obtaining New Biologically Active Compounds. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105558. [PMID: 35628367 PMCID: PMC9146141 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavonoid compounds are secondary plant metabolites with numerous biological activities; they naturally occur mainly in the form of glycosides. The glucosyl moiety attached to the flavonoid core makes them more stable and water-soluble. The methyl derivatives of flavonoids also show increased stability and intestinal absorption. Our study showed that such flavonoids can be obtained by combined chemical and biotechnological methods with entomopathogenic filamentous fungi as glycosylation biocatalysts. In the current paper, two flavonoids, i.e., 2′-hydroxy-4-methylchalcone and 4′-methylflavone, have been synthesized and biotransformed in the cultures of two strains of entomopathogenic filamentous fungi Isaria fumosorosea KCH J2 and Beauveria bassiana KCH J1.5. Biotransformation of 2′-hydroxy-4-methylchalcone resulted in the formation of two dihydrochalcone glucopyranoside derivatives in the culture of I. fumosorosea KCH J2 and chalcone glucopyranoside derivative in the case of B. bassiana KCH J1.5. 4′-Methylflavone was transformed in the culture of I. fumosorosea KCH J2 into four products, i.e., 4′-hydroxymethylflavone, flavone 4′-methylene-O-β-d-(4″-O-methyl)-glucopyranoside, flavone 4′-carboxylic acid, and 4′-methylflavone 3-O-β-d-(4″-O-methyl)-glucopyranoside. 4′-Methylflavone was not efficiently biotransformed in the culture of B. bassiana KCH J1.5. The computer-aided simulations based on the chemical structures of the obtained compounds showed their improved physicochemical properties and antimicrobial, anticarcinogenic, hepatoprotective, and cardioprotective potential.
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Effects of Ruxolitinib and Calcitriol Combination Treatment on Various Molecular Subtypes of Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052535. [PMID: 35269680 PMCID: PMC8910493 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The anticancer effects of ruxolitinib and calcitriol against breast cancer were reported previously. However, the effect of ruxolitinib and calcitriol combination treatment on various molecular subtypes of breast cancer remains unexplored. In this study, we used MCF-7, SKBR3, and MDA-MB-468 cells to investigate the effect of ruxolitinib and calcitriol combination treatment on cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle, and cell signaling markers, in vitro and in vivo. Our results revealed the synergistic anticancer effect of ruxolitinib and calcitriol combination treatment in SKBR3 and MDA-MB-468 cells, but not in MCF-7 cells in vitro, via cell proliferation inhibition, apoptosis induction, cell cycle arrest, and the alteration of cell signaling protein expression, including cell cycle-related (cyclin D1, CDK1, CDK4, p21, and p27), apoptosis-related (c-caspase and c-PARP), and cell proliferation-related (c-Myc, p-p53, and p-JAK2) proteins. Furthermore, in the MDA-MB-468 xenograft mouse model, we demonstrated the synergistic antitumor effect of ruxolitinib and calcitriol combination treatment, including the alteration of c-PARP, cyclin D1, and c-Myc expression, without significant drug toxicity. The combination exhibited a synergistic effect in HER2-enriched and triple-negative breast cancer subtypes. In conclusion, our results suggest different effects of the combination treatment of ruxolitinib and calcitriol depending on the molecular subtype of breast cancer.
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Zeinalzadeh E, Valerievich Yumashev A, Rahman HS, Marofi F, Shomali N, Kafil HS, Solali S, Sajjadi-Dokht M, Vakili-Samiani S, Jarahian M, Hagh MF. The Role of Janus Kinase/STAT3 Pathway in Hematologic Malignancies With an Emphasis on Epigenetics. Front Genet 2021; 12:703883. [PMID: 34992627 PMCID: PMC8725977 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.703883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling pathway has been known to be involved in cell growth, cellular differentiation processes development, immune cell survival, and hematopoietic system development. As an important member of the STAT family, STAT3 participates as a major regulator of cellular development and differentiation-associated genes. Prolonged and persistent STAT3 activation has been reported to be associated with tumor cell survival, proliferation, and invasion. Therefore, the JAK-STAT pathway can be a potential target for drug development to treat human cancers, e.g., hematological malignancies. Although STAT3 upregulation has been reported in hematopoietic cancers, protein-level STAT3 mutations have also been reported in invasive leukemias/lymphomas. The principal role of STAT3 in tumor cell growth clarifies the importance of approaches that downregulate this molecule. Epigenetic modifications are a major regulatory mechanism controlling the activity and function of STAT3. So far, several compounds have been developed to target epigenetic regulatory enzymes in blood malignancies. Here, we discuss the current knowledge about STAT3 abnormalities and carcinogenic functions in hematopoietic cancers, novel STAT3 inhibitors, the role of epigenetic mechanisms in STAT3 regulation, and targeted therapies, by focusing on STAT3-related epigenetic modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Zeinalzadeh
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Heshu Sulaiman Rahman
- College of Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimaniyah, Iraq
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Komar University of Science and Technology, Sulaimaniyah, Iraq
| | - Faroogh Marofi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Navid Shomali
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hossein Samadi Kafil
- German Cancer Research Center, Toxicology and Chemotherapy Unit (G401), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Saeed Solali
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Sajjadi-Dokht
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sajjad Vakili-Samiani
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mostafa Jarahian
- German Cancer Research Center, Toxicology and Chemotherapy Unit (G401), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Majid Farshdousti Hagh
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Duan Y, Chen L, Shao J, Jiang C, Zhao Y, Li Y, Ke H, Zhang R, Zhu J, Yu M. Lanatoside C inhibits human cervical cancer cell proliferation and induces cell apoptosis by a reduction of the JAK2/STAT6/SOCS2 signaling pathway. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:740. [PMID: 34466152 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.13001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-associated mortality in gynecological diseases and ranks third among female cancers worldwide. Although early detection and vaccination have reduced incidence rates, cancer recurrence and metastasis lead to high mortality due to the lack of effective medicines. The present study aimed to identify novel drug candidates to treat cervical cancer. In the present study, lanatoside C, an FDA-approved cardiac glycoside used for the treatment of heart failure, was demonstrated to have anti-proliferative and cytotoxic effects on cervical cancer cells, with abrogation of cell migration in a dose-dependent manner. Lanatoside C also triggered cell apoptosis by enhancing reactive oxygen species production and reducing the mitochondrial membrane potential, which induced cell cycle arrest at the S and G2/M phases. Furthermore, lanatoside C inhibited the phosphorylation of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6), while inducing the expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling 2, a negative regulator of JAK2-STAT6 signaling. Taken together, the results of the present study suggest that lanatoside C suppresses cell proliferation and induces cell apoptosis by inhibiting JAK2-STAT6 signaling, indicating that lanatoside C is a promising agent for the treatment of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchun Duan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai 201399, PR. China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai 201399, PR. China
| | - Juan Shao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai 201399, PR. China
| | - Cui Jiang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai 201399, PR. China
| | - Yingmei Zhao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai 201399, PR. China
| | - Yanyi Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai 201399, PR. China
| | - Huihui Ke
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai 201399, PR. China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai 201399, PR. China
| | - Jianlong Zhu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai 201399, PR. China
| | - Minghua Yu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai 201399, PR. China
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Zhang L, Wang Y, Wu G, Rao L, Wei Y, Yue H, Yuan T, Yang P, Xiong F, Zhang S, Zhou Q, Chen Z, Li J, Mo BW, Zhang H, Xiong W, Wang CY. Blockade of JAK2 protects mice against hypoxia-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension by repressing pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell proliferation. Cell Prolif 2020; 53:e12742. [PMID: 31943454 PMCID: PMC7046303 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Hypoxia is an important risk factor for pulmonary arterial remodelling in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), and the Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) is believed to be involved in this process. In the present report, we aimed to investigate the role of JAK2 in vascular smooth muscle cells during the course of PAH. Methods Smooth muscle cell (SMC)‐specific Jak2 deficient mice and their littermate controls were subjected to normobaric normoxic or hypoxic (10% O2) challenges for 28 days to monitor the development of PAH, respectively. To further elucidate the potential mechanisms whereby JAK2 influences pulmonary vascular remodelling, a selective JAK2 inhibitor was applied to pre‐treat human pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (HPASMCs) for 1 hour followed by 24‐hour hypoxic exposure. Results Mice with hypoxia‐induced PAH were characterized by the altered JAK2/STAT3 activity in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. Therefore, induction of Jak2 deficiency in SMCs protected mice from hypoxia‐induced increase of right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP), right ventricular hypertrophy and pulmonary vascular remodelling. Particularly, loss of Jak2 significantly attenuated chronic hypoxia‐induced PASMC proliferation in the lungs. Similarly, blockade of JAK2 by its inhibitor, TG‐101348, suppressed hypoxia‐induced human PASMC proliferation. Upon hypoxia‐induced activation, JAK2 phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), which then bound to the CCNA2 promoter to transcribe cyclin A2 expression, thereby promoting PASMC proliferation. Conclusions Our studies support that JAK2 could be a culprit contributing to the pulmonary vascular remodelling, and therefore, it could be a viable target for prevention and treatment of PAH in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, The Center for Biomedical Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, The Center for Biomedical Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guorao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, The Center for Biomedical Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lizong Rao
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, The Center for Biomedical Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Yanqiu Wei
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, The Center for Biomedical Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huihui Yue
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, The Center for Biomedical Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ting Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, The Center for Biomedical Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Ping Yang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, The Center for Biomedical Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fei Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, The Center for Biomedical Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, The Center for Biomedical Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, The Center for Biomedical Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhishui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, The Center for Biomedical Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinxiu Li
- Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bi-Wen Mo
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Huilan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, The Center for Biomedical Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Weining Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, The Center for Biomedical Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cong-Yi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, The Center for Biomedical Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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10
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Gu Y, Chen G, Du Y. Screening of Prognosis-Related Genes in Primary Breast Carcinoma Using Genomic Expression Data. J Comput Biol 2019; 27:1030-1040. [PMID: 31718274 DOI: 10.1089/cmb.2019.0131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed at exploring the genes that may be related to the prognosis of primary breast cancer (BC) patients. The gene expression microarray data, together with sample survival data were acquired from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. The top 20% genes according to expression value variance were subjected to hierarchical cluster analysis. Bootstrap methods were utilized to assess the stability of cluster. Cox regression was applied to screen genes related to the survival time of patients with BC, and the Beta-Uniform Mixture model was applied to adjust the significance of numerous tests. Further, ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) was carried out to analyze the functions of the potential prognostic genes. Cluster analysis revealed that there were at least five stable BC subtypes, each with specific gene expression. Further, 42 survival time-associated genes were found (p-value = 0.0006, false discovery rate = 0.2) by Cox regression analysis. According to Gene Ontology (GO) functional annotation, genes in clusters A, B, C, D, and E separately were implicated in cell adhesion cooperation, cell stress response, cell cycle, the assembly of nucleosome and chromosome, and immune regulation. IPA results showed that prognosis-related genes mainly participated in the pathways of cell apoptosis, and cell communication and morphology. Genes such as JAK2, TBP, PTGES3, and RYBP may be promising prognostic biomarkers for BC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Gu
- Department of General Surgery, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoqing Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yibao Du
- Department of General Surgery, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Shatsky R, Parker BA, Bui NQ, Helsten T, Schwab RB, Boles SG, Kurzrock R. Next-Generation Sequencing of Tissue and Circulating Tumor DNA: The UC San Diego Moores Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy Experience with Breast Malignancies. Mol Cancer Ther 2019; 18:1001-1011. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-17-1038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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12
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Lin TE, HuangFu WC, Chao MW, Sung TY, Chang CD, Chen YY, Hsieh JH, Tu HJ, Huang HL, Pan SL, Hsu KC. A Novel Selective JAK2 Inhibitor Identified Using Pharmacological Interactions. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1379. [PMID: 30564118 PMCID: PMC6288363 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The JAK2/STAT signaling pathway mediates cytokine receptor signals that are involved in cell growth, survival and homeostasis. JAK2 is a member of the Janus kinase (JAK) family and aberrant JAK2/STAT is involved with various diseases, making the pathway a therapeutic target. The similarity between the ATP binding site of protein kinases has made development of specific inhibitors difficult. Current JAK2 inhibitors are not selective and produce unwanted side effects. It is thought that increasing selectivity of kinase inhibitors may reduce the side effects seen with current treatment options. Thus, there is a great need for a selective JAK inhibitor. In this study, we identified a JAK2 specific inhibitor. We first identified key pharmacological interactions in the JAK2 binding site by analyzing known JAK2 inhibitors. Then, we performed structure-based virtual screening and filtered compounds based on their pharmacological interactions and identified compound NSC13626 as a potential JAK2 inhibitor. Results of enzymatic assays revealed that against a panel of kinases, compound NSC13626 is a JAK2 inhibitor and has high selectivity toward the JAK2 and JAK3 isozymes. Our cellular assays revealed that compound NSC13626 inhibits colorectal cancer cell (CRC) growth by downregulating phosphorylation of STAT3 and arresting the cell cycle in the S phase. Thus, we believe that compound NSC13626 has potential to be further optimized as a selective JAK2 drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Eight Lin
- Ph.D. Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chun HuangFu
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Ph.D. Program in Biotechnology Research and Development, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Min-Wu Chao
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ying Sung
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Di Chang
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ying Chen
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Hua Hsieh
- Kelly Government Solutions, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Huang-Ju Tu
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Han-Li Huang
- Biomedical Commercialization Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shiow-Lin Pan
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Ph.D. Program in Biotechnology Research and Development, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Biomedical Commercialization Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Cheng Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Biomedical Commercialization Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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13
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Goodman AM, Choi M, Wieduwilt M, Mulroney C, Costello C, Frampton G, Miller V, Kurzrock R. Next Generation Sequencing Reveals Potentially Actionable Alterations in the Majority of Patients with Lymphoid Malignancies. JCO Precis Oncol 2017; 1. [PMID: 28681041 DOI: 10.1200/po.16.00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Next generation sequencing (NGS) identifies alterations that may be potentially targetable by Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved drugs and/or by available experimental agents that may not have otherwise been contemplated. Many targeted drugs have been developed for diverse solid cancers; a smaller number of genomically targeted drugs have been approved for lymphoid malignancies. We analyzed NGS results from 60 patients with various lymphoid malignancies and found a total of 224 alterations (median per patient = 3). Forty-nine patients (82%) had potentially actionable alterations using FDA-approved drugs and/or experimental therapies; only 11 patients (18%) had no theoretically actionable alterations. Only three patients (5%) had an alteration for which an approved drug in the disease is available (on-label); 45 patients (75%) had an alteration for which an approved drug is available in another disease (off-label). The median number of alterations per patient potentially actionable by an FDA-approved drug was 1. Interestingly, 19 of 60 patients (32%) had intermediate to high tumor mutational burden, which may predict response to certain immunotherapy agents. In conclusion, NGS identifies alterations that may be pharmacologically tractable in most patients with lymphoid malignancies, albeit with drugs that have usually been developed in the context of solid tumors. These observations merit expanded exploration in the clinical trials setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron M Goodman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, and Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy, University of California San Diego, Moores Cancer Center.,Department of Medicine, Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of California San Diego, Moores Cancer Center
| | - Michael Choi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, and Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy, University of California San Diego, Moores Cancer Center
| | - Matthew Wieduwilt
- Department of Medicine, Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of California San Diego, Moores Cancer Center
| | - Carolyn Mulroney
- Department of Medicine, Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of California San Diego, Moores Cancer Center
| | - Caitlin Costello
- Department of Medicine, Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of California San Diego, Moores Cancer Center
| | | | | | - Razelle Kurzrock
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, and Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy, University of California San Diego, Moores Cancer Center
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Zhang W, Hong S, Maniar KP, Cheng S, Jie C, Rademaker AW, Krensky AM, Clayberger C. KLF13 regulates the differentiation-dependent human papillomavirus life cycle in keratinocytes through STAT5 and IL-8. Oncogene 2016; 35:5565-5575. [PMID: 27041562 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
High-risk strains of human papillomavirus (HPV) are the causative agents of cervical and anogenital cancers and are associated with 5% of all human cancers. Although prophylactic vaccines targeting a subset of HPV types are available, they are ineffective in HPV-infected individuals. Elucidation of the mechanisms controlling HPV replication may allow development of novel anti-HPV therapeutics. Infectious HPV virions are produced during terminal differentiation of host cells. The process of viral maturation requires synergistic interactions between viral and cellular proteins that leads to amplification of the viral genome and expression of late viral genes. Here we show that the transcription factor Kruppel-like factor 13 (KLF13) has a critical role in the HPV life cycle. KLF13 is overexpressed in HPV-positive keratinocytes and cervical cancer cell lines. Expression of KLF13 in normal cervical epithelium is low but increases significantly in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and invasive squamous cervical cancer. After HPV infection, the E7 protein suppresses ubiquitin ligase FBW7 expression leading to an increase in KLF13 expression. Reduction of KLF13 with short hairpin RNA in differentiating HPV-positive cells resulted in diminished levels of viral gene expression and genome amplification. Knockdown of KLF13 also reduced the level of the transcription factor signal transducer and activator of transcription 5, which led to the downregulation of the ataxia-telangiectasia mutated DNA damage pathway and the chemokine interleukin-8 (IL-8). In addition, neutralization of IL-8 diminished viral genome amplification in differentiating HPV-positive cells. Thus, KLF13 is critical for the activation of the HPV productive life cycle and is likely involved in initiation and progression of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Zhang
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - S Hong
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - K P Maniar
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - S Cheng
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - C Jie
- Department of Research Biostatistics, Des Moines University, Des Moines, IA, USA
| | - A W Rademaker
- Department of Preventive Medicine and the Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - A M Krensky
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - C Clayberger
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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15
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Xiong X, Yuan H, Zhang Y, Xu J, Ran T, Liu H, Lu S, Xu A, Li H, Jiang Y, Lu T, Chen Y. Protein flexibility oriented virtual screening strategy for JAK2 inhibitors. J Mol Struct 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2015.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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16
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Wheler JJ, Parker BA, Lee JJ, Atkins JT, Janku F, Tsimberidou AM, Zinner R, Subbiah V, Fu S, Schwab R, Moulder S, Valero V, Schwaederle M, Yelensky R, Miller VA, Stephens MPJ, Meric-Bernstam F, Kurzrock R. Unique molecular signatures as a hallmark of patients with metastatic breast cancer: implications for current treatment paradigms. Oncotarget 2015; 5:2349-54. [PMID: 24811890 PMCID: PMC4058010 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Our analysis of the tumors of 57 women with metastatic breast cancer with next generation sequencing (NGS) demonstrates that each patient's tumor is unique in its molecular fingerprint. We observed 216 somatic aberrations in 70 different genes, including 131 distinct aberrations. The most common gene alterations (in order of decreasing frequency) included: TP53, PIK3CA, CCND1, MYC, HER2 (ERBB2), MCL1, PTEN, FGFR1, GATA3, NF1, PIK3R1, BRCA2, EGFR, IRS2, CDH1, CDKN2A, FGF19, FGF3 and FGF4. Aberrations included mutations (46%), amplifications (45%), deletions (5%), splices (2%), truncations (1%), fusions (0.5%) and rearrangements (0.5%), with multiple distinct variants within the same gene. Many of these aberrations represent druggable targets, either through direct pathway inhibition or through an associated pathway (via ‘crosstalk’). The ‘molecular individuality’ of these tumors suggests that a customized strategy, using an “N-of-One” model of precision medicine, may represent an optimal approach for the treatment of patients with advanced tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer J Wheler
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Program), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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17
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Spitzner M, Ebner R, Wolff HA, Ghadimi BM, Wienands J, Grade M. STAT3: A Novel Molecular Mediator of Resistance to Chemoradiotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2014; 6:1986-2011. [PMID: 25268165 PMCID: PMC4276953 DOI: 10.3390/cancers6041986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Revised: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemoradiotherapy (CRT) represents a standard treatment for many human cancers, frequently combined with radical surgical resection. However, a considerable percentage of primary cancers are at least partially resistant to CRT, which represents a substantial clinical problem, because it exposes cancer patients to the potential side effects of both irradiation and chemotherapy. It is therefore exceedingly important to determine the molecular characteristics underlying CRT-resistance and to identify novel molecular targets that can be manipulated to re-sensitize resistant tumors to CRT. In this review, we highlight much of the recent evidence suggesting that the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) plays a prominent role in mediating CRT-resistance, and we outline why inhibition of STAT3 holds great promise for future multimodal treatment concepts in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Spitzner
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medicine Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, Göttingen 37075, Germany.
| | - Reinhard Ebner
- Genetics Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Hendrik A Wolff
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiooncology, University Medicine Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, Göttingen 37075, Germany.
| | - B Michael Ghadimi
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medicine Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, Göttingen 37075, Germany.
| | - Jürgen Wienands
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, University Medicine Göttingen, Humboldtallee 34, Göttingen 37073, Germany.
| | - Marian Grade
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medicine Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, Göttingen 37075, Germany.
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18
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Withacnistin inhibits recruitment of STAT3 and STAT5 to growth factor and cytokine receptors and induces regression of breast tumours. Br J Cancer 2014; 111:894-902. [PMID: 24983364 PMCID: PMC4150266 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The binding of STAT3 and STAT5 to growth factor and cytokine receptors such as EGFR and IL-6 receptor gp130 is critical to their activation and ability to contribute to malignant transformation. Therefore, interfering with these biochemical processes could lead to the discovery of novel anticancer agents. Methods: Co-immunoprecipitation, western blotting, microscopy, DNA binding, invasion, and soft agar assays as well as a mouse model were used to investigate the mechanism by which the natural product Withacnistin (Wit) inhibits STAT 3/5 tyrosine phosphoryaltion and activation. Results: Wit blocks EGF- and IL-6-stimulated binding of STAT3 and STAT5 to EGFR and gp130. Wit inhibits EGF-, PDGF-, IL-6-, IFNβ-, and GM-CSF-stimulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT3 and STAT5 but not of EGFR or PDGFR. The inhibition of P-STAT3 and P-STAT5 occurred rapidly, within minutes of Wit treatment and growth factor stimulation. Wit also inhibits STAT3 nuclear translocation, DNA binding, promoter transcriptional activation, and it suppresses the expression levels of STAT3 target genes such as Bcl-xL and Mcl-1. Finally, Wit induces apoptosis, inhibits anchorage-dependent and -independent growth and invasion, and causes breast tumour regression in an ErbB2-driven transgenic mouse model. Conclusions: These data warrant further development of Wit as a novel anticancer drug for targeting tumours that harbour hyperactivated STAT3 and STAT5.
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Abstract
Altered production of cytokines can result in pathologies ranging from autoimmune diseases to malignancies. The Janus kinase family is a small group of receptor-associated signaling molecules that is essential to the signal cascade originating from type I and type II cytokine receptors. Inhibition of tyrosine kinase enzymatic activity using small molecules has recently become a powerful tool for treatment of several malignancies. Twenty years after the discovery of these enzymes, two inhibitors for this class of kinases have been approved for clinical use and others are currently in the final stage of development. Here we review the principles of cytokines signaling, summarize our current knowledge of the approved inhibitors, and briefly introduce some of the inhibitors that are currently under development.
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21
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Qian C, Yao J, Wang J, Wang L, Xue M, Zhou T, Liu W, Si J. ERK1/2 inhibition enhances apoptosis induced by JAK2 silencing in human gastric cancer SGC7901 cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2013; 387:159-70. [PMID: 24178240 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-013-1881-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies suggest JAK2 signaling may be a therapeutic target for treatment of gastric cancer (GC). However, the exact roles of JAK2 in gastric carcinogenesis are not very clear. Here, we have targeted JAK2 to be silenced by shRNA and investigated the biological functions and related mechanisms of JAK2 in GC cell SGC7901. In this study, JAK2 is commonly highly expressed in GC tissues as compared to their adjacent normal tissues (n = 75, p < 0.01). Specific down-regulation of JAK2 suppressed cell proliferation and colony-forming units, induced G2/M arrest in SGC7901 cells, but had no significant effect on cell apoptosis in vitro or tumor growth inhibition in vivo. Interestingly, JAK2 silencing-induced activation of ERK1/2, and inactivation of ERK1/2 using the specific ERK inhibitor PD98059 markedly enhanced JAK2 shRNA-induced cell proliferation inhibition, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Ultimately, combination of PD98059 and JAK2 shRNA significantly inhibited tumor growth in nude mice. Our results implicate JAK2 silencing-induced cell proliferation inhibition, cell cycle arrest, and ERK1/2 inhibition could enhance apoptosis induced by JAK2 silencing in SGC7901 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuijuan Qian
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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Britschgi A, Andraos R, Brinkhaus H, Klebba I, Romanet V, Müller U, Murakami M, Radimerski T, Bentires-Alj M. JAK2/STAT5 inhibition circumvents resistance to PI3K/mTOR blockade: a rationale for cotargeting these pathways in metastatic breast cancer. Cancer Cell 2012; 22:796-811. [PMID: 23238015 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2012.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2012] [Revised: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 10/31/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Hyperactive PI3K/mTOR signaling is prevalent in human malignancies and its inhibition has potent antitumor consequences. Unfortunately, single-agent targeted cancer therapy is usually short-lived. We have discovered a JAK2/STAT5-evoked positive feedback loop that dampens the efficacy of PI3K/mTOR inhibition. Mechanistically, PI3K/mTOR inhibition increased IRS1-dependent activation of JAK2/STAT5 and secretion of IL-8 in several cell lines and primary breast tumors. Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of JAK2 abrogated this feedback loop and combined PI3K/mTOR and JAK2 inhibition synergistically reduced cancer cell number and tumor growth, decreased tumor seeding and metastasis, and also increased overall survival of the animals. Our results provide a rationale for combined targeting of the PI3K/mTOR and JAK2/STAT5 pathways in triple-negative breast cancer, a particularly aggressive and currently incurable disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Britschgi
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, CH-4058, Switzerland
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23
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Current world literature. Curr Opin Oncol 2012; 24:756-68. [PMID: 23079785 DOI: 10.1097/cco.0b013e32835a4c91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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24
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JAK2 the future: therapeutic strategies for JAK-dependent malignancies. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2012; 33:574-82. [PMID: 22995223 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2012.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Revised: 08/18/2012] [Accepted: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The Janus kinase (JAK) proteins are a family of intracellular nonreceptor tyrosine kinases involved in cytokine signaling via the JAK-STAT (signal transducers and activators of transcription) pathway. Genetic studies have identified somatic JAK2(V617F) mutations and other mutant alleles that activate JAK-STAT signaling in most patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). As a result, JAK inhibitors have been developed to treat various malignancies and have been shown to be efficacious in both preclinical and clinical settings. However, available ATP-competitive JAK (type I) inhibitors are associated with dose-dependent toxicities, and do not yet reduce disease burden in MPN patients. Recent studies suggest that genetic and epigenetic mechanisms can cause insensitivity to type I JAK inhibitors. Novel therapies include the development of type II JAK inhibitors and the use of alternative strategies to abrogate JAK-STAT signaling, perhaps with histone deacetylase (HDAC) and heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) inhibitors. These innovative therapies may translate to treatment of other diseases that are dependent on JAK signaling, including B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL).
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