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Zhao Q, Li B, Zhou X, Wang Z, Zhang FL, Li Y, Zhou X, Fu Y, Wang YF. Boryl Radicals Enabled a Three-Step Sequence to Assemble All-Carbon Quaternary Centers from Activated Trichloromethyl Groups. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:15275-15285. [PMID: 35950969 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c05798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The construction of diversely substituted all-carbon quaternary centers has been a longstanding challenge in organic synthesis. Methods that add three alkyl substituents to a simple C(sp3) atom rely heavily on lengthy multiple processes, which usually involve several preactivation steps. Here, we describe a straightforward three-step sequence that uses a range of readily accessible activated trichloromethyl groups as the carbon source, the three C-Cl bonds of which are selectively functionalized to introduce three alkyl chains. In each step, only a single C-Cl bond was cleaved with the choice of an appropriate Lewis base-boryl radical as the promoter. A vast range of diversely substituted all-carbon quaternary centers could be accessed directly from these activated CCl3 trichloromethyl groups or by simple derivatizations. The use of different alkene traps in each of the three steps enabled facile collections of a large library of products. The utility of this strategy was demonstrated by the synthesis of variants of two drug molecules, whose structures could be easily modulated by varying the alkene partner in each step. The results of kinetic and computational studies enabled the design of the three-step reaction and provided insights into the reaction mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Clean Energy, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Bin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Clean Energy, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Xi Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Clean Energy, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Clean Energy, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Feng-Lian Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Clean Energy, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Yuanming Li
- Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaoguo Zhou
- Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Yao Fu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Clean Energy, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Yi-Feng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Clean Energy, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China.,State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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Villard EF, El Khoury P, Duchene E, Bonnefont-Rousselot D, Clement K, Bruckert E, Bittar R, Le Goff W, Guerin M. Elevated CETP Activity Improves Plasma Cholesterol Efflux Capacity From Human Macrophages in Women. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2012; 32:2341-9. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.112.252841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective—
We aim to identify the impact of endogenous cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) activity on plasma capacity to mediate free cholesterol efflux from human macrophages.
Methods and Results—
Endogenous plasma CETP activity was measured in a population of 348 women. We defined a low CETP group corresponding to subjects displaying an endogenous plasma CETP activity within the first tertile and a high CETP group corresponding to subjects with an endogenous plasma CETP activity within the third tertile. Subjects from the high CETP activity group displayed a significant increase in the capacity of their plasma (+8.2%;
P
=0.001) to mediate cholesterol efflux from human acute monocytic leukemia cell line human macrophages and from ATP-binding cassette transporter A1-dependent pathway (+23.4%;
P
=0.0001) as compared with those from the low CETP activity group. Multivariate analyses revealed that the impact of CETP activity was independent of plasma lipids levels. Pre–β1-high-density lipoprotein concentrations were significantly elevated (+29.6%;
P
=0.01) in the high CETP activity group as compared with the low CETP activity group. A positive correlation between pre–β1-high-density lipoprotein levels and plasma efflux efficiency from human acute monocytic leukemia cell line human macrophages was observed (
r
=0.29,
P
=0.02).
Conclusion—
CETP leading to the improvement of plasma efflux capacity, as a result of efficient pre–β-high-density lipoprotein formation and ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 efflux, should be preserved to prevent lipid accumulation in human macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise F. Villard
- From the INSERM UMRS939, Hôpital de la Pitié, Paris, France (E.F.V., P.E.K., E.B., R.B., W.L.G., M.G.); Université Pierre et Marie Curie–Paris 6, Paris, France (E.F.V., P.E.K., K.C., E.B., R.B., W.L.G., M.G.); Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN Paris, France (E.F.V, P.E.K., E.D., D.B.-R., K.C., E.B., R.B., W.L.G., M.G.); Department of Endocrinology (E.D., E.B.), and Department of Metabolic Biochemistry (D.B.-R., R.B.), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital de la Pitié, Paris,
| | - Petra El Khoury
- From the INSERM UMRS939, Hôpital de la Pitié, Paris, France (E.F.V., P.E.K., E.B., R.B., W.L.G., M.G.); Université Pierre et Marie Curie–Paris 6, Paris, France (E.F.V., P.E.K., K.C., E.B., R.B., W.L.G., M.G.); Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN Paris, France (E.F.V, P.E.K., E.D., D.B.-R., K.C., E.B., R.B., W.L.G., M.G.); Department of Endocrinology (E.D., E.B.), and Department of Metabolic Biochemistry (D.B.-R., R.B.), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital de la Pitié, Paris,
| | - Emilie Duchene
- From the INSERM UMRS939, Hôpital de la Pitié, Paris, France (E.F.V., P.E.K., E.B., R.B., W.L.G., M.G.); Université Pierre et Marie Curie–Paris 6, Paris, France (E.F.V., P.E.K., K.C., E.B., R.B., W.L.G., M.G.); Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN Paris, France (E.F.V, P.E.K., E.D., D.B.-R., K.C., E.B., R.B., W.L.G., M.G.); Department of Endocrinology (E.D., E.B.), and Department of Metabolic Biochemistry (D.B.-R., R.B.), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital de la Pitié, Paris,
| | - Dominique Bonnefont-Rousselot
- From the INSERM UMRS939, Hôpital de la Pitié, Paris, France (E.F.V., P.E.K., E.B., R.B., W.L.G., M.G.); Université Pierre et Marie Curie–Paris 6, Paris, France (E.F.V., P.E.K., K.C., E.B., R.B., W.L.G., M.G.); Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN Paris, France (E.F.V, P.E.K., E.D., D.B.-R., K.C., E.B., R.B., W.L.G., M.G.); Department of Endocrinology (E.D., E.B.), and Department of Metabolic Biochemistry (D.B.-R., R.B.), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital de la Pitié, Paris,
| | - Karine Clement
- From the INSERM UMRS939, Hôpital de la Pitié, Paris, France (E.F.V., P.E.K., E.B., R.B., W.L.G., M.G.); Université Pierre et Marie Curie–Paris 6, Paris, France (E.F.V., P.E.K., K.C., E.B., R.B., W.L.G., M.G.); Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN Paris, France (E.F.V, P.E.K., E.D., D.B.-R., K.C., E.B., R.B., W.L.G., M.G.); Department of Endocrinology (E.D., E.B.), and Department of Metabolic Biochemistry (D.B.-R., R.B.), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital de la Pitié, Paris,
| | - Eric Bruckert
- From the INSERM UMRS939, Hôpital de la Pitié, Paris, France (E.F.V., P.E.K., E.B., R.B., W.L.G., M.G.); Université Pierre et Marie Curie–Paris 6, Paris, France (E.F.V., P.E.K., K.C., E.B., R.B., W.L.G., M.G.); Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN Paris, France (E.F.V, P.E.K., E.D., D.B.-R., K.C., E.B., R.B., W.L.G., M.G.); Department of Endocrinology (E.D., E.B.), and Department of Metabolic Biochemistry (D.B.-R., R.B.), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital de la Pitié, Paris,
| | - Randa Bittar
- From the INSERM UMRS939, Hôpital de la Pitié, Paris, France (E.F.V., P.E.K., E.B., R.B., W.L.G., M.G.); Université Pierre et Marie Curie–Paris 6, Paris, France (E.F.V., P.E.K., K.C., E.B., R.B., W.L.G., M.G.); Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN Paris, France (E.F.V, P.E.K., E.D., D.B.-R., K.C., E.B., R.B., W.L.G., M.G.); Department of Endocrinology (E.D., E.B.), and Department of Metabolic Biochemistry (D.B.-R., R.B.), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital de la Pitié, Paris,
| | - Wilfried Le Goff
- From the INSERM UMRS939, Hôpital de la Pitié, Paris, France (E.F.V., P.E.K., E.B., R.B., W.L.G., M.G.); Université Pierre et Marie Curie–Paris 6, Paris, France (E.F.V., P.E.K., K.C., E.B., R.B., W.L.G., M.G.); Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN Paris, France (E.F.V, P.E.K., E.D., D.B.-R., K.C., E.B., R.B., W.L.G., M.G.); Department of Endocrinology (E.D., E.B.), and Department of Metabolic Biochemistry (D.B.-R., R.B.), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital de la Pitié, Paris,
| | - Maryse Guerin
- From the INSERM UMRS939, Hôpital de la Pitié, Paris, France (E.F.V., P.E.K., E.B., R.B., W.L.G., M.G.); Université Pierre et Marie Curie–Paris 6, Paris, France (E.F.V., P.E.K., K.C., E.B., R.B., W.L.G., M.G.); Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN Paris, France (E.F.V, P.E.K., E.D., D.B.-R., K.C., E.B., R.B., W.L.G., M.G.); Department of Endocrinology (E.D., E.B.), and Department of Metabolic Biochemistry (D.B.-R., R.B.), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital de la Pitié, Paris,
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