1
|
Dabral D, Coorssen JR. Combined targeted Omic and Functional Assays Identify Phospholipases A₂ that Regulate Docking/Priming in Calcium-Triggered Exocytosis. Cells 2019; 8:cells8040303. [PMID: 30986994 PMCID: PMC6523306 DOI: 10.3390/cells8040303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The fundamental molecular mechanism underlying the membrane merger steps of regulated exocytosis is highly conserved across cell types. Although involvement of Phospholipase A₂ (PLA₂) in regulated exocytosis has long been suggested, its function or that of its metabolites-a lyso-phospholipid and a free fatty acid-remain somewhat speculative. Here, using a combined bioinformatics and top-down discovery proteomics approach, coupled with lipidomic analyses, PLA₂ were found to be associated with release-ready cortical secretory vesicles (CV) that possess the minimal molecular machinery for docking, Ca2+ sensing and membrane fusion. Tightly coupling the molecular analyses with well-established quantitative fusion assays, we show for the first time that inhibition of a CV surface calcium independent intracellular PLA₂ and a luminal secretory PLA₂ significantly reduce docking/priming in the late steps of regulated exocytosis, indicating key regulatory roles in the critical step(s) preceding membrane merger.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Dabral
- Molecular Physiology and Molecular Medicine Research Group, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown Campus, NSW 2560, Australia.
| | - Jens R Coorssen
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences and Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Mathematics & Science, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Copaifera of the Neotropics: A Review of the Phytochemistry and Pharmacology. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051511. [PMID: 29783680 PMCID: PMC5983702 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The oleoresin of Copaifera trees has been widely used as a traditional medicine in Neotropical regions for thousands of years and remains a popular treatment for a variety of ailments. The copaiba resins are generally composed of a volatile oil made up largely of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, such as β-caryophyllene, α-copaene, β-elemene, α-humulene, and germacrene D. In addition, the oleoresin is also made up of several biologically active diterpene acids, including copalic acid, kaurenoic acid, alepterolic acid, and polyalthic acid. This review presents a summary of the ecology and distribution of Copaifera species, the traditional uses, the biological activities, and the phytochemistry of copaiba oleoresins. In addition, several biomolecular targets relevant to the bioactivities have been implicated by molecular docking methods.
Collapse
|
3
|
Marine natural products with anti-inflammatory activity. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 100:1645-1666. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-7244-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
4
|
LEHR MATTHIAS. Inhibitors of Cytosolic Phospholipase A2 α as Anti-inflammatory Drugs. ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUG DISCOVERY 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/9781849735346-00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Arachidonic acid derivatives, like prostaglandins and leukotrienes, as well as the alkyl-ether phospholipid platelet-activating factor (PAF) are highly active substances with diverse biological actions. Elevated levels of these lipid mediators in response to a variety of stimuli have been implicated in the pathology of many inflammatory diseases. The rate-limiting step in the generation of prostaglandins, leukotrienes and PAF, respectively, is the cleavage of the sn-2-ester of membrane phospholipids by a phospholipase A2 (PLA2). Among the superfamily of PLA2 enzymes, cytosolic PLA2α (cPLA2α, also referred to as group IVA PLA2) is thought to play the primary role in this biochemical reaction. Therefore, inhibition of cPLA2α activity is an attractive approach to the control of inflammatory disorders.
In this chapter the main groups of cPLA2α inhibitors are described and the problems associated with the development of clinical active drug candidates are discussed. Furthermore, in-vivo data obtained with such compounds in pre-clinical animal models of inflammation will be presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- MATTHIAS LEHR
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry University of Münster Hittorfstrasse 58–62, 48149 Münster Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kammoun M, Miladi S, Ben Ali Y, Damak M, Gargouri Y, Bezzine S. In vitro study of the PLA2 inhibition and antioxidant activities of Aloe vera leaf skin extracts. Lipids Health Dis 2011; 10:30. [PMID: 21310091 PMCID: PMC3045348 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-10-30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2011] [Accepted: 02/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In the present work we determined the total phenolic content of Aloe vera leaf skin (AVLS) extracts by using various solvents (hexane, chloroform-ethanol (1/1), ethyl acetate, butanol and water). We have also evaluated the antioxidant and the anti-PLA2 properties of these extracts by measuring their inhibition potency on the human pro-inflammatory phospholipase A2 (group IIA). Results The water extract exhibits the highest inhibitory effect with an IC50 = 0.22 mg/ml and interestingly no effect was observed on the digestive phospholipase A2 (group IB) even at a concentration of 5 mg/ml. Antioxidant activities were also analyzed and the most active extracts were observed when using chloroform ethanol (1/1) and ethyl acetate (IC50 = 0.274 and 0.326 mg/ml, respectively). Analysis of the total phenolic content reveals that the water extract, with the best anti-PLA2 effect, was poor in phenolic molecules (2 mg GAE/g). This latter value has to be compared with the chloroform-ethanol and the ethyl acetate extracts (40 and 23.8 mg GAE/g, respectively), mostly responsible for the antioxidant activity. Conclusion A significant correlation was established between the total phenolic content and the antioxidant capacity but not with the anti PLA2 activity. Results from phytochemical screening suggest that the anti PLA2 molecules were probably catechin tannins compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maher Kammoun
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Génie Enzymatique des Lipases, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, University of Sfax, Tunisia
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
sPhospholipase A(2) is inhibited by anthocyanidins. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2009; 116:1071-7. [PMID: 19649692 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-009-0268-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2009] [Accepted: 07/10/2009] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies suggest that nutritional antioxidants may reduce the incidence of neurodegenerative disorders and age-related cognitive decline. Specifically, protection against oxidative stress and inflammation has served as a rationale for promoting diets rich in vegetables and fruits. The present study addresses secretory phospholipase A(2) (sPLA(2)) as a novel candidate effector of neuroprotection conferred by anthocyanins and anthocyanidins. Using a photometric assay, 15 compounds were screened for their ability to inhibit PLA(2). Of these, cyanidin, malvidin, peonidin, petunidin, and delphinidin achieved K(i) values <or=18 microM, suggesting a modulatory role for berry polyphenols in phospholipid metabolism.
Collapse
|
7
|
Reddy GS, Rajasekhar K, Praveen C, Mukkanti K, Reddy PP. Expedient Synthesis of 6-Aryl Derivatives of 3,4-Dihydro-1,4,4a,6a-tetraaza-benzo[a]fluoren-2-one: A New Heterocyclic Framework. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/00397910802238742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gade Srinivas Reddy
- a Integrated Product Development, Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Limited , Bachupally, Qutubullapur, Ranga Reddy District , Andhra Pradesh , India
- b Institute of Science and Technology , Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University , Kukatpally Hyderabad , Andhra Pradesh , India
| | - Kadaboina Rajasekhar
- a Integrated Product Development, Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Limited , Bachupally, Qutubullapur, Ranga Reddy District , Andhra Pradesh , India
| | - Cherukupally Praveen
- a Integrated Product Development, Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Limited , Bachupally, Qutubullapur, Ranga Reddy District , Andhra Pradesh , India
| | - Kaga Mukkanti
- b Institute of Science and Technology , Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University , Kukatpally Hyderabad , Andhra Pradesh , India
| | - Padi Pratap Reddy
- a Integrated Product Development, Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Limited , Bachupally, Qutubullapur, Ranga Reddy District , Andhra Pradesh , India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ghasemi A, Elfringhoff AS, Lehr M. Structure–activity relationship studies of 3-dodecanoylindole-2-carboxylic acid inhibitors of cytosolic phospholipase A2α-mediated arachidonic acid release in intact platelets: variation of the keto moiety. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2008; 20:429-37. [PMID: 16335050 DOI: 10.1080/14756360500228338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently we found that 1-methyldodecanoylindole-2-carboxylic acid (1) and 1-[2-(4-carboxyphenoxy)ethyl]-3-dodecanoylindole-2-carboxylic acid (4) were inhibitors of the cytosolic phospholipase A2alpha (cPLA2alpha)-mediated arachidonic acid release in calcium ionophore A23187-stimulated human platelets with IC50-values of 4.8 microM (1) and 0.86 microM (4). We have now replaced the 3-acyl residue of these compounds by alkylated sulfinyl-, sulfony-, sulfinamoyl-, sulfamoyl-, carbonylamino-, or carbonylaminomethyl-substituents. Structure-activity relationship studies revealed that the pronounced cellular activity of 4 strongly depends on the presence of the 3-acyl moiety. Surprisingly, when testing 4 and its derivatives in an assay with the isolated cPLA2, none of these compounds showed an inhibitory potency at 10 microM indicating that they do not inhibit cPLA2alpha in the cells by a direct interaction with the active site of the enzyme.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Afshin Ghasemi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster, Hittorfstrasse 58-62 D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Praveen C, Rao JR, Reddy PP, Mukkanti K, Reddy GS. Facile synthesis of 6-aryl-5H-8-oxa-4b, 7-diaza-benzo[a]azulen-9-one derivatives, new tricyclic heterocycles. J Heterocycl Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570450421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
10
|
Yedgar S, Cohen Y, Shoseyov D. Control of phospholipase A2 activities for the treatment of inflammatory conditions. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2006; 1761:1373-82. [PMID: 16978919 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2006.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2006] [Accepted: 08/01/2006] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipase-A2 (PLA2) enzymes hydrolyze cell membrane phospholipids to produce arachidonic acid (AA) and lyso-phospholipids (LysoPL), playing a key role in the production of inflammatory lipid mediators, mainly eicosanoids. They are therefore considered pro-inflammatory enzymes and their inhibition has long been recognized as a desirable therapeutic target. However, attempts to develop suitable PLA2 inhibitors for the treatment of inflammatory diseases have yet to succeed. This is due to their functional and structural diversity, and their homeostatic and even anti-inflammatory roles in certain circumstances. In the present review we outline the diversity and functions of PLA2 isoforms, and their interplay in the induction and inhibition of inflammatory processes, with emphasis on discussing approaches for therapeutic manipulation of PLA2 activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saul Yedgar
- Department of Biochemistry, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ludwig J, Bovens S, Brauch C, Elfringhoff AS, Lehr M. Design and Synthesis of 1-Indol-1-yl-propan-2-ones as Inhibitors of Human Cytosolic Phospholipase A2α. J Med Chem 2006; 49:2611-20. [PMID: 16610804 DOI: 10.1021/jm051243a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and structure-activity relationship study of a series of 1-indol-1-yl-3-phenoxypropan-2-one inhibitors of cytosolic phospholipase A(2)alpha (cPLA(2)alpha) are described. The compounds were evaluated in a vesicle assay with isolated cPLA(2)alpha and in cellular assays with intact human platelets. Systematic variation led to 3-methylhydrogen 1-[3-(4-decyloxyphenoxy)-2-oxopropyl]indole-3,5-dicarboxylate (57), which revealed the highest activity against the isolated enzyme. With an IC(50) value of 4.3 nM in this assay, it is one of the most potent in vitro cPLA(2)alpha inhibitors known today.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Ludwig
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster, Hittorfstrasse 58-62, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
McKew JC, Foley MA, Thakker P, Behnke ML, Lovering FE, Sum FW, Tam S, Wu K, Shen MWH, Zhang W, Gonzalez M, Liu S, Mahadevan A, Sard H, Khor SP, Clark JD. Inhibition of cytosolic phospholipase A2alpha: hit to lead optimization. J Med Chem 2006; 49:135-58. [PMID: 16392799 DOI: 10.1021/jm0507882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Compound 1 was previously reported to be a potent inhibitor of cPLA(2)alpha in both artificial monomeric substrate and cell-based assays. However, 1 was inactive in whole blood assays previously used to characterize cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase inhibitors. The IC(50) of 1 increased dramatically with cell number or lipid/detergent concentration. In an attempt to insert an electrophilic ketone between the indole and benzoic acid moieties, we discovered that increasing the distance between the two moieties gave a compound with activity in the GLU (7-hydroxycoumarinyl-gamma-linolenate) micelle assay, which contains lipid and detergent. Extensive structure-activity relationship work around this lead identified a potent pharmacophore for cPLA(2)alpha inhibition. The IC(50)s between the GLU micelle and rat whole blood assays correlated highly. No correlation was found for other parameters, including lipophilicity or acidity of the required acid functionality. Compounds 25, 39, and 94 emerged as potent, selective inhibitors of cPLA(2)alpha and represent well-validated starting points for further optimization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John C McKew
- Department of Chemical and Screening Sciences, Wyeth Research, 200 CambridgePark Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
May SA, Wilson TM, Fields AL. An efficient synthesis of carbazole-based secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) inhibitors LSN433771 and LSN426891. Tetrahedron Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2005.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
14
|
|
15
|
Schmitt M, Lehr M. HPLC assay with UV spectrometric detection for the evaluation of inhibitors of cytosolic phospholipase A2. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2004; 35:135-42. [PMID: 15030888 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2003.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2003] [Revised: 12/22/2003] [Accepted: 12/29/2003] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A non-radioactive spectrometric assay for the evaluation of inhibitors of cytosolic phospholipase A(2) (cPLA(2)) is described. The enzyme was isolated from human platelets applying anion exchange chromatography. Sonicated covesicles consisting of 0.2mM 1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine and 0.1mM 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycerol were used as enzyme substrate. The cPLA(2) activity was determined by measuring the arachidonic acid released by the enzyme with reversed-phase HPLC and UV detection at 200 nm after cleaning up the samples by solid phase extraction. Two known cPLA(2) inhibitors were used to validate the test assay.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Schmitt
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster, Hittorfstrasse 58-62, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Cheung AK, Murelli R, Snapper ML. Total Syntheses of (+)- and (−)-Cacospongionolide B, Cacospongionolide E, and Related Analogues. Preliminary Study of Structural Features Required for Phospholipase A2 Inhibition. J Org Chem 2004; 69:5712-9. [PMID: 15307744 DOI: 10.1021/jo049285e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The total syntheses of the antiinflammatory marine sponge metabolites (+)-cacospongionolide B and E are described. The pivotal steps in the synthetic route include a three-step sequence that couples the two main regions of the natural product, as well as generates the side chain dihydropyran ring. The activity of the synthetic analogues against bee venom phospholipase A2 suggests that the cacospongionolides have enantiospecific interactions with the enzyme that may be independent of the gamma-hydroxybutenolide moiety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atwood K Cheung
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, 2609 Beacon Street, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Scott KF, Graham GG, Bryant KJ. Secreted phospholipase A2 enzymes as therapeutic targets. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2003; 7:427-40. [PMID: 12783578 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.7.3.427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Homology cloning through in silico database search analysis has led to the definition of ten structurally-related mammalian secreted phospholipase A(2) (sPLA(2)) enzyme forms at present, each expressed in a species-, genotype- and cell-type-specific manner and with different enzymatic properties. These studies have shown that models based on the premise that there is only one PLA(2) drug target are now inadequate. Type IIA sPLA(2) remains the most advanced clinical target, with rationally designed inhibitors in Phase II clinical trials. However, progress in our understanding of the functional role of the ten secreted enzymes in phospholipid (PL) metabolism and in eicosanoid-mediated disorders, together with their emerging activity-independent and receptor-mediated functions, is likely to significantly impact on current and future drug development efforts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kieran F Scott
- St Vincent's Hospital Clinical School, School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Risse D, Elfringhoff AS, Lehr M. Determination of the cell lytic properties of amphiphilic inhibitors of the cytosolic phospholipase A2 against human platelets by measuring the liberation of serotonin with high-performance liquid chromatography and fluorescence detection. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2002; 769:185-90. [PMID: 11936691 DOI: 10.1016/s1570-0232(02)00013-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A procedure for the determination of the influence of detergents on the cell integrity of human platelets by measuring the release of serotonin with high-performance liquid chromatography and fluorescence detection is presented. After exposure of the platelets to the test compounds the cells and cell fragments, respectively, are centrifuged off. In the supernatants the liberated serotonin is determined directly without a further sample clean up. The amphiphilic inhibitors of cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2), arachidonyltrifluoromethyl ketone (AACOCF3), palmityltrifluoromethyl ketone (PACOCF3) and methyl arachidonylfluorophosphonate (MAFP), and the polyoxyethylene detergent Brij 58 were investigated for their cell lytic properties with this method. All compounds lysed the platelets liberating serotonin at a concentration of 33 microM. AACOCF, and Brij 58 even caused cell lysis at lower concentrations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dietmar Risse
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Lehr M, Klimt M, Elfringhoff AS. Novel 3-dodecanoylindole-2-carboxylic acid inhibitors of cytosolic phospholipase A(2). Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2001; 11:2569-72. [PMID: 11551751 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(01)00472-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Derivatives of 1-[2-(4-carboxyphenoxy)ethyl]-3-dodecanoylindole-2-carboxylic acid (4) with modified substituents at the indole-1-position were synthesized and evaluated for their ability to inhibit the arachidonic acid release in human platelets mediated by the cytosolic phospholipase A(2). One of the most active compounds obtained was 26 with an IC(50) of 0.44 microM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Lehr
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Münster, Hittorfstrasse 58-62, D-48149 Münster, Germany.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Lehr M, Elfringhoff AS. Comparison of the inhibition of the cytosolic phospholipase A2-mediated arachidonic acid release by several indole-2-carboxylic acids and 3-(pyrrol-2-yl)propionic acids in bovine and in human platelets. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2000; 333:312-4. [PMID: 11039188 DOI: 10.1002/1521-4184(20009)333:9<312::aid-ardp312>3.0.co;2-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The inhibition of the cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2)-mediated arachidonic acid release by several indole-2-carboxylic acids and 3-(pyrrol-2-yl)propionic acids was measured in intact human platelets using calcium ionophore A23187 as stimulant. The comparison of the obtained data with the inhibition data evaluated with bovine platelets showed that analogous results were obtained with both cell types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Lehr
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Münster, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Tibes U, Röhr SP, Scheuer W, Amandi-Burgermeister E, Litters A. Suppression of acute experimental inflammation by antisense oligonucleotides targeting secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) in vitro and in vivo experiments. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2000; 469:199-207. [PMID: 10667331 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-4793-8_30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
In HepG2 cells phosphorothioate modified antisense oligonucleotides against a sequence in the Ca2+ binding domain (AS-Ca2+) of type II sPLA2 mRNA restrained IL-6-induced synthesis of sPLA2 protein, sPLA2 mRNA (northern blot), and abolished IL-6 stimulated PGE2 release. An antisense oligonucleotide corresponding to a sequence in the catalytic domain (AS-Cat) of sPLA2 was less effective. The antisense oligonucleotides did not affect albumin synthesis in HepG2 cells, additionally demonstrating their specificity. The corresponding AS-Ca2+ against a homologous part of the rat sPLA2 mRNA depressed rat carrageenin oedema for 60-70%. Identical suppression was achieved by specific low molecular weight inhibitors of sPLA2. Since cyclo- and 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors exerted similar reductions of carrageenin oedema type II sPLA2 dependent eicosanoid formation seems to be a key cascade in this type of inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- U Tibes
- Boehringer Mannheim GmbH, Dept. of Preclinical Research, Mannheim
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Seno K, Okuno T, Nishi K, Murakami Y, Watanabe F, Matsuura T, Wada M, Fujii Y, Yamada M, Ogawa T, Okada T, Hashizume H, Kii M, Hara S, Hagishita S, Nakamoto S, Yamada K, Chikazawa Y, Ueno M, Teshirogi I, Ono T, Ohtani M. Pyrrolidine inhibitors of human cytosolic phospholipase A(2). J Med Chem 2000; 43:1041-4. [PMID: 10737736 DOI: 10.1021/jm9905155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K Seno
- Shionogi Research Laboratories, Shionogi & Company, Ltd., 12-4, Sagisu 5-chome, Fukushima-ku, Osaka 553-0002, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Schürer G, Lanig H, Clark T. The Mode of Action of Phospholipase A2: Semiempirical MO Calculations Including the Protein Environment. J Phys Chem B 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/jp993330i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gudrun Schürer
- Computer-Chemie-Centrum der Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nägelsbachstrasse 25, D-91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Harald Lanig
- Computer-Chemie-Centrum der Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nägelsbachstrasse 25, D-91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Timothy Clark
- Computer-Chemie-Centrum der Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nägelsbachstrasse 25, D-91052 Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|