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Lin J, Han Y, Li B, Gai W, Wang Z, Wang Q, Teng Y, Li J, Li D. Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel penindolone derivatives as potential antiproliferative agents against SCLC in vitro. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2024; 110:129877. [PMID: 38964518 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2024.129877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) keeps on the leading cause of cancer mortality world widely, while there is lack of efficient therapeutic drugs especially for the resistant ones. In this work, a compound named penindolone (PND) with new skeleton was found to show weak inhibitory effect (IC50 = 42.5 µM) on H69AR cells (SCLC, adriamycin-resistant) proliferation by screening our in-house compound library. With the aim of improving its low potency, a series of PND derivatives were synthesized and biologically evaluated by the Sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay. Among all tested derivatives, compound 5h possessed higher antiproliferation potency (IC50 = 1.6 µM). Furthermore, preliminary mechanism investigation revealed that 5h was able to induce apoptosis and arrest the cell cycle at G0/G1 phase. These findings suggest that this novel skeleton has expanded the anti-SCLC compound reservoir and provided a new drug lead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Lin
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Sanya Oceanographic Institute, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003/Sanya 572025, China
| | - Yongqing Han
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Sanya Oceanographic Institute, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003/Sanya 572025, China
| | - Bohan Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Sanya Oceanographic Institute, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003/Sanya 572025, China
| | - Wenrui Gai
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Sanya Oceanographic Institute, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003/Sanya 572025, China
| | - Zhengjie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Sanya Oceanographic Institute, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003/Sanya 572025, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Sanya Oceanographic Institute, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003/Sanya 572025, China
| | - Yueling Teng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Sanya Oceanographic Institute, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003/Sanya 572025, China
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Sanya Oceanographic Institute, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003/Sanya 572025, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Dehai Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Sanya Oceanographic Institute, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003/Sanya 572025, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao 266237, China.
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Wang Q, Tan L. Advances in the role of circulating tumor cell heterogeneity in metastatic small cell lung cancer. CANCER INNOVATION 2024; 3:e98. [PMID: 38946931 PMCID: PMC11212323 DOI: 10.1002/cai2.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC), a highly aggressive malignancy, is rapidly at an extensive stage once diagnosed and is one of the leading causes of death from malignancy. In the past decade, the treatment of SCLC has largely remained unchanged, and chemotherapy remains the cornerstone of SCLC treatment. The therapeutic value of adding immune checkpoint inhibitors to chemotherapy for SCLC is low, and only a few SCLC patients have shown a response to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are tumor cells shed from solid tumor masses into the peripheral circulation and are key to tumor metastasis. Single-cell sequencing has revealed that the genetic profiles of individual CTCs are highly heterogeneous and contribute to the poor outcome and prognosis of SCLC patients. Theoretically, phenotypic analysis of CTCs may be able to predict the diagnostic significance of new potential targets for metastatic tumors. In this paper, we will discuss in depth the heterogeneity of CTCs in SCLC and the value of CTCs for the diagnosis and prognosis of SCLC and as relevant tumor markers in metastatic SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qunxia Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jiangxi Province's Key Laboratory of Laboratory MedicineThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchangJiangxiChina
| | - Li‐Ming Tan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jiangxi Province's Key Laboratory of Laboratory MedicineThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchangJiangxiChina
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Klein S, Schulte A, Arolt C, Tolkach Y, Reinhardt HC, Buettner R, Quaas A. Intratumoral Abundance of M2-Macrophages is Associated With Unfavorable Prognosis and Markers of T-Cell Exhaustion in Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients. Mod Pathol 2023; 36:100272. [PMID: 37423586 DOI: 10.1016/j.modpat.2023.100272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) accounts for about 10% to 15% of lung cancer cases. Unlike non-SCLC, therapy options for SCLC are limited, reflected by a 5-year survival rate of about 7%. At the same time, the rise of immunotherapeutic approaches in cancer therapy has rationalized to account for inflammatory phenotypes in tumors. However, the composition of the inflammatory microenvironment in human SCLC is poorly understood to date. In our study, we used in-depth image analysis of virtual whole-slide-images of 45 SCLC tumors and evaluated different markers of M2-macrophages (CD163 and CD204) together with global immunologic markers (CD4, CD8, CD68, CD38, FOXP3, and CD20) and characterized their abundance intratumorally using quantitative image analysis, combined with a deep-learning model for tumor segmentation. In addition, independent scoring, blinded to the results of the computational analysis, was performed by an expert pathologist (A.Q.) of both CD163/CD204 and PD-L1. To this end, we evaluated the prognostic relevance of the abundance of these cell types to overall survival. Given a 2-tier threshold of the median of the M2 marker CD163 within the study population, there was a 12-month overall survival rate of 22% (95% CI, 10%-47%) for patients with high CD163 abundance and 41% (95% CI, 25%-68%) for patients with low CD163 counts. Patients with increased CD163 had a median overall survival of 3 months compared to 8.34 months for patients with decreased CD163 counts (P = .039), which could be confirmed by an expert pathologist (A.Q., P = .018). By analyzing cases with increased CD163 cell infiltrates, a trend for higher FOXP3 counts and PD-L1 positive cells, together with increased CD8 T-cell infiltrates, was observed, which could be confirmed using an independent cohort at the transcriptional level. Together, we showed that markers of M2 were associated with unfavorable outcome in our study cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Klein
- Institute for Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital and Medical Faculty Cologne, and Center for Molecular Medicine, Cologne, Germany; Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Duisburg-Essen, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; West German Cancer Center Network, Partner Site Essen, Essen, Germany.
| | - Annalena Schulte
- Institute for Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital and Medical Faculty Cologne, and Center for Molecular Medicine, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christoph Arolt
- Institute for Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital and Medical Faculty Cologne, and Center for Molecular Medicine, Cologne, Germany
| | - Yuri Tolkach
- Institute for Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital and Medical Faculty Cologne, and Center for Molecular Medicine, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hans Christian Reinhardt
- Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Duisburg-Essen, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; West German Cancer Center Network, Partner Site Essen, Essen, Germany; German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Reinhard Buettner
- Institute for Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital and Medical Faculty Cologne, and Center for Molecular Medicine, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexander Quaas
- Institute for Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital and Medical Faculty Cologne, and Center for Molecular Medicine, Cologne, Germany
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Lum C, Alamgeer M. Technological and Therapeutic Advances in Advanced Small Cell Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1570. [PMID: 31619019 PMCID: PMC6826371 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11101570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) accounts for approximately 10-15% of all lung cancers. The prognosis is poor with median survival in the advanced stage remaining at around 12 months. Despite applying every known therapeutic approach, no major breakthrough has improved the overall survival in the last 30 years. Historically, experiments performed on conventional cell lines may have limitations of not accurately reflecting the complex biological and genomic heterogeneity of this disease. However, additional knowledge gained from recently developed genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) and patient derived xenografts (PDXs) have made encouraging inroads. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) data reveals a high mutational burden and a number of genetic alterations but low frequency of targetable mutations. Despite several failures, considerable therapeutic opportunities have recently emerged. Potentially promising therapies include those targeting DNA damage repair, stem cell/renewal and drug resistant mechanisms. Modest success has also been achieved with immune checkpoint inhibitors while therapeutic exploration of various other components of the immune system is underway. However, the complex heterogeneities reflect the need for accurate bio-markers to translate novel discoveries into clinical benefit. Additionally, the molecular mechanisms that differentiate chemo-sensitive from chemo-refractory disease remain unknown. Obtaining reliable tumour samples by utilising novel techniques such as endobronchial ultrasound guided needle aspiration or adopting to liquid biopsies are becoming popular. This review will focus on recent technological and therapeutic advancements to surmount this recalcitrant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Lum
- Department of Medical Oncology, Monash Health and Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia.
| | - Muhammad Alamgeer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Monash Health and Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia.
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia.
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Yu L, Li K, Xu Z, Cui G, Zhang X. Integrated omics and gene expression analysis identifies the loss of metabolite-metabolite correlations in small cell lung cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:3919-3929. [PMID: 30013371 PMCID: PMC6039056 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s166149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is the most aggressive type of lung carcinoma with high metastatic potential and chemoresistance upon relapse. Cancer cells remodel the existing metabolic pathways for their benefits and the perturbations in cellular metabolism are the hallmark of cancer. However, the extent of these changes remains largely unknown for SCLC. MATERIALS AND METHODS We characterized the metabolic perturbations in SCLC cells (SCLCC) by metabolomics. Large-scale correlation analysis was performed between metabolites. Targeted proteomics and gene expression analysis were employed to investigate the changes of key enzymes and genes in the disturbed pathways. RESULTS We found dramatic decrease of metabolite-metabolite correlations in SCLCC compared with normal control cells and non-small cell lung cancer cells. Pathway analysis revealed that the loss of correlations was associated with the alternations of fatty acid oxidation, urea cycle, and purine salvage pathway in SCLCC. Targeted proteomics and gene expression analysis confirmed significant changes of the expression for the key enzymes and genes in the pathways in SCLCC including the upregulation of carbamoyl phosphate synthase 1 (urea cycle) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (fatty acid oxidation), and the downregulation of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase and adenine phosphoribosyltransferase in purine salvage pathway. CONCLUSION We demonstrated the loss of metabolite-metabolite correlations in SCLCC associated with the upregulation of fatty acid oxidation and urea cycle and the downregulation of purine salvage pathways. Our findings provide insights into the metabolic reprogramming in SCLCC and highlight the potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yu
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China,
| | - Kefeng Li
- School of Medicine, University of California-San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Zhaoguo Xu
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China,
| | - Guoyuan Cui
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China,
| | - Xiaoye Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China,
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Yang X, Tang C, Luo H, Wang H, Zhou X. Shp2 confers cisplatin resistance in small cell lung cancer via an AKT-mediated increase in CA916798. Oncotarget 2017; 8:23664-23674. [PMID: 28423588 PMCID: PMC5410335 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The tyrosine phosphatase Shp2 is associated with tumorigenesis in small cell lung cancer (SCLC). However, the relationship between Shp2 and resistance to chemotherapy remains unclear. Here, we show that Shp2 plays an important role in inducing resistance to cisplatin-based chemotherapy via the SHP2-AKT-CA916798 pathway. In an SCLC cell line, overexpression of Shp2 induced cisplatin resistance and the increased expression of AKT, pAKT, pmTOR, and CA916798. Conversely, depletion of Shp2 in a cisplatin-resistant cell line via RNA interference increased cisplatin sensitivity and decreased AKT, pAKT, pmTOR, and CA916798 expression levels. Activation of AKT stimulated CA916798 expression and altered the level of Shp2. A mouse xenograft model verified the results obtained from the in vitro experiments. In addition, we collected and analyzed clinical SCLC specimens and found that Shp2 levels correlated with CA916798 expression in tumor tissues. Importantly, higher levels of Shp2 or CA916798 were associated with a poorer prognosis in SCLC patients who received chemotherapy. Together, our findings indicate that Shp2 induces cisplatin resistance in SCLC patients via the SHP2-AKT-CA916798 pathway. Therefore, Shp2 and CA916798 may be promising biomarkers for predicting resistance to chemotherapy and may function as targets for enhancing treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Yang
- Department of Respiratory, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400038, PR China.,Department of Respiratory, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400042, PR China
| | - Chunlan Tang
- Department of Respiratory, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Hu Luo
- Department of Respiratory, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Haijing Wang
- Department of Respiratory, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Xiangdong Zhou
- Department of Respiratory, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400038, PR China
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Jalal SI, Hanna N, Zon R, Masters GA, Borghaei H, Koneru K, Badve S, Prasad N, Somaiah N, Wu J, Yu Z, Einhorn L. Phase I Study of Amrubicin and Cyclophosphamide in Patients With Advanced Solid Organ Malignancies: HOG LUN 07-130. Am J Clin Oncol 2017; 40:329-335. [PMID: 25503432 DOI: 10.1097/coc.0000000000000160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Relapsed small cell lung cancer (SCLC) has limited treatment options. Anthracyclines and cyclophosphamide have shown synergy in many tumors. Amrubicin (AMR) and cyclophosphamide both have single-agent activity in SCLC. This phase I trial evaluated the combination of AMR and cyclophosphamide in refractory solid organ malignancies and in relapsed SCLC. MATERIALS AND METHODS The primary endpoint was to determine maximum-tolerated dose and dose-limiting toxicities of the combination. Eligible patients were enrolled in sequential dose escalation cohorts in a standard 3+3 design. Treatment consisted of cyclophosphamide IV at 500 mg/m on day 1 with escalating doses of AMR IV on days 1 to 3 (25 to 40 mg/m with increments of 5 mg/m per cohort). Cycles were repeated every 21 days. Exploratory objectives analyzed the presence of NQO1 polymorphisms and topoisomerase IIA amplification and correlation with response. RESULTS Thirty-six patients were enrolled, of whom 18 patients had SCLC (50%). Maximum-tolerated dose was determined to be dose level 2 (cyclophosphamide 500 mg/m, AMR 30 mg/m) due to grade 4 thrombocytopenia. The main grade 3 to 4 toxicities were hematologic. Efficacy results are available for 34 patients. Partial responses, stable disease, and progressive disease rates in the overall study population were 20.6% (n=7), 38.2% (n=13), and 41.2% (n=14), respectively. Partial response, stable disease, and progressive disease rates in the SCLC patients and 1 patient with extrathoracic small cell were 36.8% (n=7), 26.3% (n=5), and 36.8% (n=7), respectively. There was no correlation between topoisomerase IIA amplification or NQO1 polymorphisms and response. CONCLUSIONS AMR and cyclophosphamide can be safely combined with little activity observed in heavily pretreated SCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadia I Jalal
- Departments of *Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology #Pathology and Laboratory Medicine ††Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Medicine †Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis ¶Cancer Care Center of Southern Indiana, Bloomington ‡Northern Indiana Cancer Research Consortium, South Bend, IN §Christiana Care Health Services, Newark, DE ∥Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA **The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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Hamilton G, Rath B. Circulating tumor cell interactions with macrophages: implications for biology and treatment. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2017; 6:418-430. [PMID: 28904886 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr.2017.07.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer and metastasis are closely associated with inflammation. Macrophages are important effector cells in enhancing tumor proliferation, invasion and providing protection against the immune system. Despite advanced knowledge of tumor-macrophage interactions, the role of macrophages in emergence and invasion of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) is not known. A series of six CTC cell lines have been derived from blood of patients with extensive disease small cell lung cancer (ED-SCLC) in our lab, most likely representing a homogenous cell population of the actual metastasis-initiating cells (MIC) of CTCs. SCLC has an unfavorable prognosis due to rapid dissemination and early chemoresistant relapses. SCLC CTCs recruit macrophages and elicit secretion of various cytokines and the six CTC lines express chitinase-3-like-1 (CHI3L1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) in abundance. CHI3L1 is cytokine/growth factor expressed in inflammation and cancer and found to be correlated to metastasis and a dismal prognosis. In conclusion, SCLC CTCs have acquired the essential means for aggressiveness and invasion in a tumor microenvironment specifically shaped by macrophages and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Hamilton
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Rath
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Jotatsu T, Yagishita S, Tajima K, Takahashi F, Mogushi K, Hidayat M, Wirawan A, Ko R, Kanemaru R, Shimada N, Mitani K, Saito T, Takamochi K, Suzuki K, Kohsaka S, Kojima S, Mukae H, Yatera K, Takahashi K. LSD1/KDM1 isoform LSD1+8a contributes to neural differentiation in small cell lung cancer. Biochem Biophys Rep 2017; 9:86-94. [PMID: 28955993 PMCID: PMC5614583 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2016.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive neuroendocrine tumor characterized by rapid progression. The mechanisms that lead to a shift from initial therapeutic sensitivity to ultimate therapeutic resistance are poorly understood. Although the SCLC genomic landscape led to the discovery of promising agents targeting genetic alterations that were already under investigation, results have been disappointing. Achievements in targeted therapeutics have not been observed for over 30 years. Therefore, the underlying disease biology and novel targets urgently require a better understanding. Epigenetic regulation is deeply involved in the cellular plasticity that could shift tumor cells to the malignant phenotype. We have focused on a histone modifier, LSD1, that is overexpressed in SCLC and is a potent therapeutic target. Interestingly, the LSD1 splice variant LSD1+8a, the expression of which has been reported to be restricted to neural tissue, was detected and was involved in the expression of neuroendocrine marker genes in SCLC cell lines. Cells with high expression of LSD1+8a were resistant to CDDP and LSD1 inhibitor. Moreover, suppression of LSD1+8a inhibited cell proliferation, indicating that LSD1+8a could play a critical role in SCLC. These findings suggest that LSD1+8a should be considered a novel therapeutic target in SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanobu Jotatsu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University, Faculty of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Research Institute for Diseases of Old Ages, Juntendo University, Faculty of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1, Iseigaoka, Yahata-nishi-ku, Fukuoka 807-8555, Japan
| | - Shigehiro Yagishita
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University, Faculty of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Research Institute for Diseases of Old Ages, Juntendo University, Faculty of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Ken Tajima
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University, Faculty of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Research Institute for Diseases of Old Ages, Juntendo University, Faculty of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Fumiyuki Takahashi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University, Faculty of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Research Institute for Diseases of Old Ages, Juntendo University, Faculty of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Kaoru Mogushi
- Center for Genomic and Regenerative Medicine, Juntendo University, Faculty of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Moulid Hidayat
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University, Faculty of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Research Institute for Diseases of Old Ages, Juntendo University, Faculty of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Aditya Wirawan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University, Faculty of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Research Institute for Diseases of Old Ages, Juntendo University, Faculty of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Ryo Ko
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University, Faculty of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Research Institute for Diseases of Old Ages, Juntendo University, Faculty of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Ryota Kanemaru
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University, Faculty of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Research Institute for Diseases of Old Ages, Juntendo University, Faculty of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Naoko Shimada
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University, Faculty of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Research Institute for Diseases of Old Ages, Juntendo University, Faculty of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Leading Center for the Development and Research of Cancer Medicine, Juntendo University, Faculty of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Keiko Mitani
- Department of Human Pathology, Juntendo University, Faculty of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Saito
- Department of Human Pathology, Juntendo University, Faculty of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Kazuya Takamochi
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Juntendo University, Faculty of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Kenji Suzuki
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Juntendo University, Faculty of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Shinji Kohsaka
- Department of Medical Genomics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 1-7-1, Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Shinya Kojima
- Department of Cellular Signaling, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 1-7-1, Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Mukae
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1, Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yatera
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1, Iseigaoka, Yahata-nishi-ku, Fukuoka 807-8555, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Takahashi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University, Faculty of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Research Institute for Diseases of Old Ages, Juntendo University, Faculty of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Leading Center for the Development and Research of Cancer Medicine, Juntendo University, Faculty of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
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Li X, Zhang Q, Fan K, Li B, Li H, Qi H, Guo J, Cao Y, Sun H. Overexpression of TRPV3 Correlates with Tumor Progression in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:437. [PMID: 27023518 PMCID: PMC4848893 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17040437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) BACKGROUND: Transient receptor potential vanilloid 3 (TRPV3) is a member of the TRP channels family of Ca(2+)-permeant channels. The proteins of some TRP channels are highly expressed in cancer cells. This study aimed to assess the clinical significance and biological functions of TRPV3 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); (2) METHODS: Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of TRPV3 in NSCLC tissues and adjacent noncancerous lung tissues. Western blot was used to detect the protein expressions of TRPV3, CaMKII, p-CaMKII, CyclinA, CyclinD, CyclinE1, CDK2, CDK4, and P27. Small interfering RNA was used to deplete TRPV3 expression. A laser scanning confocal microscope was used to measure intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)]i). Flow cytometry was used to analyze cell cycle; (3) RESULTS: TRPV3 was overexpressed in 65 of 96 (67.7%) human lung cancer cases and correlated with differentiation (p = 0.001) and TNM stage (p = 0.004). Importantly, TRPV3 expression was associated with short overall survival. In addition, blocking or knockdown of TRPV3 could inhibit lung cancer cell proliferation. Moreover, TRPV3 inhibition could decrease [Ca(2+)]i of lung cancer cells and arrest cell cycle at the G1/S boundary. Further results revealed that TRPV3 inhibition decreased expressions of p-CaMKII, CyclinA, CyclinD1, CyclinE, and increased P27 level; (4) CONCLUSIONS: Our findings demonstrate that TRPV3 was overexpressed in NSCLC and correlated with lung cancer progression. TRPV3 activation could promote proliferation of lung cancer cells. TRPV3 might serve as a potential companion drug target in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Li
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing 163319, China.
- Department of Scientific Research, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Duyun 558000, China.
| | - Qianhui Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing 163319, China.
| | - Kai Fan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing 163319, China.
| | - Baiyan Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China.
| | - Huifeng Li
- Department of Pathology, Daqing General Hospital Group Oilfield General Hospital, Daqing 163319, China.
| | - Hanping Qi
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing 163319, China.
| | - Jing Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing 163319, China.
| | - Yonggang Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing 163319, China.
| | - Hongli Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing 163319, China.
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11
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Mohammad HP, Kruger RG. Antitumor activity of LSD1 inhibitors in lung cancer. Mol Cell Oncol 2016; 3:e1117700. [PMID: 27308632 PMCID: PMC4905412 DOI: 10.1080/23723556.2015.1117700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic machinery have become a major focus for new targeted cancer therapies. Our previous report described the discovery and biological activity of a potent, selective, orally bioavailable, irreversible inhibitor of Lysine Demethylase 1 (LSD1), GSK2879552. A proliferation screen of cell lines representing a number of tumor types indicated that small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) was sensitive to LSD1 inhibition. The SCLC lines that undergo growth inhibition in response to GSK2879552 exhibit DNA hypomethylation of a signature set of probes suggesting this may be used as a predictive biomarker of activity. This targeted mechanism coupled with a novel predictive biomarker make LSD1 inhibition an exciting potential therapy for SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ryan G Kruger
- Cancer Epigenetics, GlaxoSmithKline , Collegeville, PA, USA
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12
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Leon G, MacDonagh L, Finn SP, Cuffe S, Barr MP. Cancer stem cells in drug resistant lung cancer: Targeting cell surface markers and signaling pathways. Pharmacol Ther 2015; 158:71-90. [PMID: 26706243 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Despite advances in anti-cancer therapies such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy and targeted therapies, five-year survival rates remain poor (<15%). Inherent and acquired resistance has been identified as a key factor in reducing the efficacy of current cytotoxic therapies in the management of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). There is growing evidence suggesting that cancer stem cells (CSCs) play a critical role in tumor progression, metastasis and drug resistance. Similar to normal tissue stem cells, CSCs exhibit significant phenotypic and functional heterogeneity. While CSCs have been reported in a wide spectrum of human tumors, the biology of CSCs in NSCLC remain elusive. Current anti-cancer therapies fail to eradicate CSC clones and instead, favor the expansion of the CSC pool and select for resistant CSC clones thereby resulting in treatment resistance and subsequent relapse in these patients. The identification of CSC-specific marker subsets and the targeted therapeutic destruction of CSCs remains a significant challenge. Strategies aimed at efficient targeting of CSCs are becoming increasingly important for monitoring the progress of cancer therapy and for evaluating new therapeutic approaches. This review focuses on the current knowledge of cancer stem cell markers in treatment-resistant lung cancer cells and the signaling cascades activated by these cells to maintain their stem-like properties. Recent progress in CSC-targeted drug development and the current status of novel agents in clinical trials are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Leon
- Thoracic Oncology Research Group, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St James's Hospital & Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Lauren MacDonagh
- Thoracic Oncology Research Group, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St James's Hospital & Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Stephen P Finn
- Thoracic Oncology Research Group, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St James's Hospital & Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland; Department of Histopathology, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Sinead Cuffe
- Thoracic Oncology Research Group, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St James's Hospital & Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Martin P Barr
- Thoracic Oncology Research Group, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St James's Hospital & Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland.
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13
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Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths, with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) representing the most aggressive subtype. Standard treatments have not changed in decades, and the 5-year survival rate has remained <7%. Genomic analyses have identified key driver mutations of SCLC that were subsequently validated in animal models of SCLC. To provide better treatment options, a deeper understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying SCLC initiation, progression, metastasis, and acquisition of resistance is required. In this review, we describe the genetic landscape of SCLC, features of the cell of origin, and targeted therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina A Semenova
- Division of Molecular Genetics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Remco Nagel
- Division of Molecular Genetics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anton Berns
- Division of Molecular Genetics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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14
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Smoking, inflammation and small cell lung cancer: recent developments. Wien Med Wochenschr 2015; 165:379-86. [PMID: 26289596 DOI: 10.1007/s10354-015-0381-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) accounts for 15 % of all lung tumors and represents an invasive neuroendocrine malignancy with poor survival rates. This cancer is highly prevalent in smokers and characterized by inactivation of p53 and retinoblastoma. First in vitro expansion of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) of SCLC patients allowed for investigation of the cell biology of tumor dissemination. In the suggested CTC SCLC model, the primary tumor attracts and educates tumor-promoting and immunosuppressive macrophages which in turn arm CTCs to spread and generate distal lesions. Preexisting inflammatory processes associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) seem to potentiate the subsequent activity of tumor-associated macrophages (TAM). Activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and expression of chitinase-3-like 1/YKL-40 in SCLC CTCs seems to be associated with drug resistance. In conclusion, inflammation-associated generation of invasive and chemoresistant CTCs most likely explains the characteristic features of SCLC, namely early dissemination and rapid failure of chemotherapy.
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15
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Liang Z, Yang N, Jiang Y, Hou C, Zheng J, Shi J, Zhang R, Li D, Liu Y, Zuo P. Targeting docetaxel-PLA nanoparticles simultaneously inhibit tumor growth and liver metastases of small cell lung cancer. Int J Pharm 2015; 494:337-45. [PMID: 26299762 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is one of the most malignant cancers in the world and 5-year survival rate has not been significantly improved with conventional chemotherapy. Targeting treatment may be a promising alternative to enhance the antitumor efficacy. Present study was aimed at establishing a targeting nanodrug delivery system for SCLC therapy. A targeting peptide (AHSGMYP, named AP), screened in H446 cells by phage display technology, was conjugated to the docetaxel (DTX) encapsulated polylactic acid nanoparticles (DN) to prepare the targeting DTX nanoparticles (AP-DN). Cell cytotoxicity, cellular uptake, therapeutic efficacy and biodistribution of AP-DN were investigated in vitro and in vivo experiment. The mean particle size of AP-DN was 260 nm with encapsulation efficiency >94% and a sustained release profile. Cytotoxicity of AP-DN against H446 cell was superior to that of DTX and DN. AP-DN exhibited excellent antitumor efficacy and particularly effectively inhibited the liver metastases with better tolerance. Results of cellular uptake and biodistribution indicated that the excellent antitumor efficacy of AP-DN was attributed to both the increased accumulation of drug and cellular uptake. To our knowledge, this is the first report on establishing SCLC targeting delivery system which offers a potential therapeutic alterative for SCLC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Liang
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, 100005 Beijing, China
| | - Nan Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, 100005 Beijing, China
| | - Yao Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, 100005 Beijing, China
| | - Chunying Hou
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, 100005 Beijing, China
| | - Ji Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, 100005 Beijing, China
| | - Jiaojiao Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, 100005 Beijing, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, 100005 Beijing, China
| | - Dongmei Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, 100005 Beijing, China
| | - Yanyong Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, 100005 Beijing, China.
| | - Pingping Zuo
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, 100005 Beijing, China.
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16
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Mohammad HP, Smitheman KN, Kamat CD, Soong D, Federowicz KE, Van Aller GS, Schneck JL, Carson JD, Liu Y, Butticello M, Bonnette WG, Gorman SA, Degenhardt Y, Bai Y, McCabe MT, Pappalardi MB, Kasparec J, Tian X, McNulty KC, Rouse M, McDevitt P, Ho T, Crouthamel M, Hart TK, Concha NO, McHugh CF, Miller WH, Dhanak D, Tummino PJ, Carpenter CL, Johnson NW, Hann CL, Kruger RG. A DNA Hypomethylation Signature Predicts Antitumor Activity of LSD1 Inhibitors in SCLC. Cancer Cell 2015; 28:57-69. [PMID: 26175415 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 351] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic dysregulation has emerged as an important mechanism in cancer. Alterations in epigenetic machinery have become a major focus for targeted therapies. The current report describes the discovery and biological activity of a cyclopropylamine containing inhibitor of Lysine Demethylase 1 (LSD1), GSK2879552. This small molecule is a potent, selective, orally bioavailable, mechanism-based irreversible inactivator of LSD1. A proliferation screen of cell lines representing a number of tumor types indicated that small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) is sensitive to LSD1 inhibition. The subset of SCLC lines and primary samples that undergo growth inhibition in response to GSK2879552 exhibit DNA hypomethylation of a signature set of probes, suggesting this may be used as a predictive biomarker of activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helai P Mohammad
- Cancer Epigenetics Department, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | | | | | - David Soong
- Cancer Epigenetics Department, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Kelly E Federowicz
- Cancer Epigenetics Department, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Glenn S Van Aller
- Cancer Epigenetics Department, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Jess L Schneck
- Platform Technology and Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Carson
- Platform Technology and Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Yan Liu
- Cancer Epigenetics Department, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Michael Butticello
- Cancer Epigenetics Department, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - William G Bonnette
- Platform Technology and Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Shelby A Gorman
- Cancer Epigenetics Department, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Yan Degenhardt
- Cancer Epigenetics Department, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Yuchen Bai
- Cancer Epigenetics Department, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Michael T McCabe
- Cancer Epigenetics Department, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | | | - Jiri Kasparec
- Cancer Epigenetics Department, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Xinrong Tian
- Cancer Epigenetics Department, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Kenneth C McNulty
- Cancer Epigenetics Department, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Meagan Rouse
- Cancer Epigenetics Department, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Patrick McDevitt
- Platform Technology and Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Thau Ho
- Platform Technology and Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | | | - Timothy K Hart
- Safety Assessment Department, GlaxoSmithKline, Upper Merion, PA 19406, USA
| | - Nestor O Concha
- Platform Technology and Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Charles F McHugh
- Cancer Epigenetics Department, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - William H Miller
- Cancer Epigenetics Department, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Dashyant Dhanak
- Cancer Epigenetics Department, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Peter J Tummino
- Cancer Epigenetics Department, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | | | - Neil W Johnson
- Cancer Epigenetics Department, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Christine L Hann
- Oncology Department, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Ryan G Kruger
- Cancer Epigenetics Department, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA.
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17
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Buil-Bruna N, Sahota T, López-Picazo JM, Moreno-Jiménez M, Martín-Algarra S, Ribba B, Trocóniz IF. Early Prediction of Disease Progression in Small Cell Lung Cancer: Toward Model-Based Personalized Medicine in Oncology. Cancer Res 2015; 75:2416-25. [PMID: 25939602 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-2584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Predictive biomarkers can play a key role in individualized disease monitoring. Unfortunately, the use of biomarkers in clinical settings has thus far been limited. We have previously shown that mechanism-based pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modeling enables integration of nonvalidated biomarker data to provide predictive model-based biomarkers for response classification. The biomarker model we developed incorporates an underlying latent variable (disease) representing (unobserved) tumor size dynamics, which is assumed to drive biomarker production and to be influenced by exposure to treatment. Here, we show that by integrating CT scan data, the population model can be expanded to include patient outcome. Moreover, we show that in conjunction with routine medical monitoring data, the population model can support accurate individual predictions of outcome. Our combined model predicts that a change in disease of 29.2% (relative standard error 20%) between two consecutive CT scans (i.e., 6-8 weeks) gives a probability of disease progression of 50%. We apply this framework to an external dataset containing biomarker data from 22 small cell lung cancer patients (four patients progressing during follow-up). Using only data up until the end of treatment (a total of 137 lactate dehydrogenase and 77 neuron-specific enolase observations), the statistical framework prospectively identified 75% of the individuals as having a predictable outcome in follow-up visits. This included two of the four patients who eventually progressed. In all identified individuals, the model-predicted outcomes matched the observed outcomes. This framework allows at risk patients to be identified early and therapeutic intervention/monitoring to be adjusted individually, which may improve overall patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Buil-Bruna
- Pharmacometrics & Systems Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, IdiSNA Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Tarjinder Sahota
- Clinical Pharmacology Modelling and Simulation, GlaxoSmithKline, London, United Kingdom
| | - José-María López-Picazo
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Clinic of Navarra, University of Navarra, IdiSNA Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Marta Moreno-Jiménez
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Clinic of Navarra, University of Navarra, IdiSNA Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Salvador Martín-Algarra
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Clinic of Navarra, University of Navarra, IdiSNA Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Iñaki F Trocóniz
- Pharmacometrics & Systems Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, IdiSNA Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain.
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18
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Wang HH, Zaorsky NG, Meng MB, Wu ZQ, Zeng XL, Jiang B, Jiang C, Zhao LJ, Yuan ZY, Wang P. Multimodality therapy is recommended for limited-stage combined small cell esophageal carcinoma. Onco Targets Ther 2015; 8:437-44. [PMID: 25709477 PMCID: PMC4335610 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s76048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aim Limited-stage combined small cell esophageal carcinoma (LS-C-SCEC) is a rare, poorly understood, underdiagnosed disease, with components of both small cell esophageal cancer and non–small cell esophageal cancer. We investigated the optimal treatment strategy and prognostic factors in patients with LS-C-SCEC. Patients and methods LS-C-SCEC patients included in the analysis (from our hospital and the literature) were treated between January 1966 and December 2013. Patient treatment strategies included surgery (S), chemotherapy (CT), and radiation therapy (RT). The primary end point was overall survival (OS); the secondary end points included tumor complete response rates, patterns of failure, and toxicity. Kaplan–Meier curves were compared with the log-rank test. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to determine prognosticators for OS. Results A total of 72 patients were included in the analysis: 24 (33%) from our hospital and 48 (67%) from the literature. The median OS of all patients was 15.0 months. Patients who received CT had a significantly longer median OS than did those who did not (OS 22.8 months vs 10.0 months) (P=0.03). Patients treated with multimodality therapy (including RT+CT [18%], S+CT [40%], or S+RT+CT [17%]) vs monotherapy (typically, S [18%]) had significantly improved OS (15.5 months vs 9.3 months) (P=0.02) and complete response rates. On multivariate analysis, tumor location (upper third of the esophagus) and type of treatment (monotherapy) were the only factors predictive of poor OS. Conclusion Multimodality therapy (including RT+CT, S+CT, or S+RT+CT) improves OS for patients with LS-C-SCEC compared with monotherapy (typically, S). Additional studies are necessary to personalize multimodal treatment approaches to individual patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Huan Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, CyberKnife Center, and Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Nicholas G Zaorsky
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mao-Bin Meng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, CyberKnife Center, and Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, CyberKnife Center, and Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xian-Liang Zeng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, CyberKnife Center, and Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, CyberKnife Center, and Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, CyberKnife Center, and Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu-Jun Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, CyberKnife Center, and Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Yong Yuan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, CyberKnife Center, and Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, CyberKnife Center, and Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
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19
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review presents an update on classification, diagnosis and potentially 'drugable' molecular alterations of small cell carcinoma (SCC) and large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) of the lung. RECENT FINDINGS The main controversies in the classification of lung neuroendocrine tumors are: whether SCC and LCNEC should remain separated or should be unified into a high-grade category; and what the role is of Ki67 as an adjunct to the classical parameters (mitotic rate and necrosis). Regarding the diagnosis of SCC and LCNEC, in difficult cases it requires the combined evaluation of clinical-radiological data, histological and cytological material and selected immunostains. The prognosis of both tumors remains very poor. Despite the promising identification of potential molecular targets on preclinical studies, including antiangiogenetic drugs and tricyclic antidepressants, at the moment no specific molecular-driven therapy is available. SUMMARY The field of high-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas remains complex in several respects, and studies on molecular targets are urgently needed.
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20
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Leong TL, Marini KD, Rossello FJ, Jayasekara SN, Russell PA, Prodanovic Z, Kumar B, Ganju V, Alamgeer M, Irving LB, Steinfort DP, Peacock CD, Cain JE, Szczepny A, Watkins DN. Genomic characterisation of small cell lung cancer patient-derived xenografts generated from endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration specimens. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106862. [PMID: 25191746 PMCID: PMC4156408 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models generated from surgical specimens are gaining popularity as preclinical models of cancer. However, establishment of PDX lines from small cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients is difficult due to very limited amount of available biopsy material. We asked whether SCLC cells obtained from endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) could generate PDX lines that maintained the phenotypic and genetic characteristics of the primary tumor. Following successful EBUS-TBNA sampling for diagnostic purposes, we obtained an extra sample for cytologic analysis and implantation into the flanks of immunodeficient mice. Animals were monitored for engraftment for up to 6 months. Histopathologic and immunohistochemical analysis, and targeted next-generation re-sequencing, were then performed in both the primary sample and the derivative PDX line. A total of 12 patients were enrolled in the study. EBUS-TBNA aspirates yielded large numbers of viable tumor cells sufficient to inject between 18,750 and 1,487,000 cells per flank, and to yield microgram quantities of high-quality DNA. Of these, samples from 10 patients generated xenografts (engraftment rate 83%) with a mean latency of 104 days (range 63–188). All but one maintained a typical SCLC phenotype that closely matched the original sample. Identical mutations that are characteristic of SCLC were identified in both the primary sample and xenograft line. EBUS-TBNA has the potential to be a powerful tool in the development of new targeting strategies for SCLC patients by providing large numbers of viable tumor cells suitable for both xenografting and complex genomic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy L. Leong
- MIMR-PHI Institute, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kieren D. Marini
- MIMR-PHI Institute, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Fernando J. Rossello
- Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Life Sciences Computation Centre, Victorian Life Sciences Computation Initiative, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Prudence A. Russell
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, St Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Zdenka Prodanovic
- Department of Pathology, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Beena Kumar
- Department of Pathology, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Vinod Ganju
- MIMR-PHI Institute, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Monash Health, East Bentleigh, Victoria, Australia
| | - Muhammad Alamgeer
- MIMR-PHI Institute, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Monash Health, East Bentleigh, Victoria, Australia
| | - Louis B. Irving
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Daniel P. Steinfort
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Craig D. Peacock
- Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Jason E. Cain
- MIMR-PHI Institute, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anette Szczepny
- MIMR-PHI Institute, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail: (DNW); (AS)
| | - D. Neil Watkins
- MIMR-PHI Institute, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
- * E-mail: (DNW); (AS)
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21
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Pop LM, Barman S, Shao C, Poe JC, Venturi GM, Shelton JM, Pop IV, Gerber DE, Girard L, Liu XY, Behrens C, Rodriguez-Canales J, Liu H, Wistuba II, Richardson JA, Minna JD, Tedder TF, Vitetta ES. A reevaluation of CD22 expression in human lung cancer. Cancer Res 2014; 74:263-71. [PMID: 24395821 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-1436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
CD22 is a transmembrane glycoprotein expressed by mature B cells. It inhibits signal transduction by the B-cell receptor and its coreceptor CD19. Recent reports indicate that most human lung cancer cells and cell lines express CD22, making it an important new therapeutic target for lung cancer. The objective of our studies was to independently validate these results with the goal of testing the efficacy of our CD22 immunotoxins on lung cancer cell lines. As determined by quantitative real-time PCR analysis, we found that levels of CD22 mRNA in a panel of human lung cancer cell lines were 200 to 60,000-fold lower than those observed in the human CD22(+) Burkitt lymphoma cells, Daudi. Using flow cytometry with a panel of CD22 monoclonal antibodies and Western blot analyses, we could not detect surface or intracellular expression of CD22 protein in a panel of lung cancer cell lines. In addition, the in vitro proliferation of the lung tumor cell lines was not affected by either CD22 antibodies or our highly potent anti-CD22 immunotoxin. In contrast, CD22(+) Daudi cells expressed high levels of CD22 mRNA and protein, and were sensitive to our CD22 immunotoxin. Importantly, primary non-small cell lung cancers from more than 250 patient specimens did not express detectable levels of CD22 protein as assessed by immunohistochemistry. We conclude that CD22 is not expressed at measurable levels on the surface of lung cancer cells, and that these cells cannot be killed by anti-CD22 immunotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurentiu M Pop
- Authors' Affiliations: Cancer Immunobiology Center and Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research; Departments of Immunology, Internal Medicine, Microbiology, Pathology, and Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Departments of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology and Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Bio-Synthesis Inc., Lewisville, Texas; and Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
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