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Yu Y, Yan L, Huang T, Wu Z, Liu J. Cancer cachexia reduces the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer patients. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:5354-5369. [PMID: 38466657 PMCID: PMC11006492 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cachexia, a multifactorial syndrome, is frequently noticed in cancer patients. A recent study has shown inconsistent findings about the relationship between cachexia and the efficiency of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). To analyze this disparity, we did a meta-analysis. METHODS From the beginning of each database to July 2023, literature describing the association between cachexia and prognosis of ICI-treated patients with solid malignancies was systematically searched in three online databases. Estimates were pooled, and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were generated. RESULTS We analyzed a total of 12 articles, which included data from 1407 patients. The combined results of our analysis showed that cancer patients with cachexia had significantly worse overall survival (HR = 1.88, 95% CI: 1.59-2.22, p < 0.001), progression-free survival (HR = 1.84, 95% CI: 1.59-2.12, p < 0.001), and time to treatment failure (HR = 2.15, 95% CI: 1.32-3.50, p = 0.002). These findings were consistent in both univariate and multivariate analyses. Additionally, while not statistically significant, we observed a trend towards a lower objective response rate in cancer patients with cachexia compared to those without cachexia (OR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.32-1.09, p = 0.093). CONCLUSION Poor survival in cachexia patients suggests a negative relationship between cachexia and ICI efficacy. In clinical practice, the existence of cachexia should be estimated to choose individuals who may benefit from ICIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yean Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Wuhan Third Hospital, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Yan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan Third Hospital, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tianhui Huang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan Third Hospital, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhenfu Wu
- Department of Abdominal and Pelvic Medical Oncology, Huangshi Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, China
| | - Juan Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
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2
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Kudamatsu H, Kawashiri T, Mine K, Mori K, Inoue M, Ishida H, Uchida M, Tsuchiya T, Kobayashi D, Shimazoe T. Ameliorating effects of cystine and theanine in a cancer cachexia mouse model. J Pharmacol Sci 2023; 152:163-166. [PMID: 37257943 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2023.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cachexia is a common cancer complication and is associated with weight loss and anorexia. In this study, we investigated the ameliorating effects of cystine and theanine on cancer cachexia using a mouse model. In mice carrying the colon cancer cell line C-26, there was a suppression of body weight increase and reduction in both internal fat and lower limb muscles. Repeated cystine and theanine administration significantly prevented weight loss, internal fat loss, lower limb muscle loss, and serum IL-6 increase in the cachexia model. These results suggested that cystine and theanine may be effective in ameliorating cancer cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hibiki Kudamatsu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Care, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takehiro Kawashiri
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Care, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Keisuke Mine
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Care, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan; Department of Glocal Healthcare Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kohei Mori
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Care, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Mizuki Inoue
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Care, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Haruna Ishida
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Care, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Mayako Uchida
- Department of Education and Research Center for Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts, 97-1, Kodominamihokotate, Kyotanabe-shi, Kyoto, 610-0395 Japan
| | - Takashi Tsuchiya
- Department of Surgery, Sendai City Medical Center, 5-22-1 Tsurugaya, Miyagino-ku, Sendai, 983-0824, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kobayashi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Care, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takao Shimazoe
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Care, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
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3
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Zarifi SH, Bagherniya M, Banach M, Johnston TP, Sahebkar A. Phytochemicals: A potential therapeutic intervention for the prevention and treatment of cachexia. Clin Nutr 2022; 41:2843-2857. [PMID: 36403384 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2022.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Cachexia, a multifactorial and often irreversible wasting syndrome, is often associated with the final phase of several chronic disorders. Although cachexia is characterized by skeletal muscle wasting and adipose tissue loss, it is a syndrome affecting different organs, which ultimately results in systemic complications and impaired quality of life. The pathogenesis and underlying molecular mechanisms of cachexia are not fully understood, and currently there are no effective standard treatments or approved drug therapies to completely reverse cachexia. Moreover, adequate nutritional interventions alone cannot significantly improve cachexia. Other approaches to ameliorate cachexia are urgently needed, and thus, the role of medicinal plants has received considerable importance in this respect due to their beneficial health properties. Increasing evidence indicates great potential of medicinal plants and their phytochemicals as an alternative and promising treatment strategy to reduce the symptoms of many diseases including cachexia. This article reviews the current status of cachexia, the molecular mechanisms of primary events driving cachexia, and state-of-the-art knowledge that reports the preventive and therapeutic activities of multiple families of phytochemical compounds and their pharmacological mode of action, which may hold promise as an alternative treatment modality for the management of cachexia. Based on our review of various in vitro and in vivo models of cachexia, we would conclude that phytochemicals may have therapeutic potential to attenuate cachexia, although clinical trials are required to unequivocally confirm this premise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudiyeh Hejri Zarifi
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Bagherniya
- Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Anesthesia and Critical Care Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Preventive Cardiology and Lipidology, Chair of Nephrology and Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Poland; Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Zielona Gora, Zielona Gora, Poland
| | - Thomas P Johnston
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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4
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Cancer cachexia: molecular mechanism and pharmacological management. Biochem J 2021; 478:1663-1688. [PMID: 33970218 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20201009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cachexia often occurs in malignant tumors and is a multifactorial and complex symptom characterized by wasting of skeletal muscle and adipose tissue, resulting in weight loss, poor life quality and shorter survival. The pathogenic mechanism of cancer cachexia is complex, involving a variety of molecular substrates and signal pathways. Advancements in understanding the molecular mechanisms of cancer cachexia have provided a platform for the development of new targeted therapies. Although recent outcomes of early-phase trials have showed that several drugs presented an ideal curative effect, monotherapy cannot be entirely satisfactory in the treatment of cachexia-associated symptoms due to its complex and multifactorial pathogenesis. Therefore, the lack of definitive therapeutic strategies for cancer cachexia emphasizes the need to develop a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms. Increasing evidences show that the progression of cachexia is associated with metabolic alternations, which mainly include excessive energy expenditure, increased proteolysis and mitochondrial dysfunction. In this review, we provided an overview of the key mechanisms of cancer cachexia, with a major focus on muscle atrophy, adipose tissue wasting, anorexia and fatigue and updated the latest progress of pharmacological management of cancer cachexia, thereby further advancing the interventions that can counteract cancer cachexia.
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5
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Cachexia as Evidence of the Mechanisms of Resistance and Tolerance during the Evolution of Cancer Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22062890. [PMID: 33809200 PMCID: PMC8001015 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
During its evolution, cancer induces changes in patients’ energy metabolism that strongly affect the overall clinical state and are responsible for cancer-related cachexia syndrome. To better understand the mechanisms underlying cachexia and its metabolic derangements, research efforts should focus on the events that are driven by the immune system activation during the evolution of neoplastic disease and on the phenomena of “resistance” and “tolerance” typically involved in the human body response against stress, pathogens, or cancer. Indeed, in the case where resistance is not able to eliminate the cancer, tolerance mechanisms can utilize the symptoms of cachexia (anemia, anorexia, and fatigue) to counteract unregulated cancer growth. These notions are also sustained by the evidence that cancer cachexia may be reversible if the resistance and tolerance phases are supported by appropriate antineoplastic treatments. Accordingly, there is no doubt that anticachectic therapies have an irreplaceable role in cases of reversible cancer cachexia where, if harmoniously associated with effective antineoplastic therapies, they can contribute to preserve the quality of life and improve prognosis. Such anticachectic treatments should be based on targeting the complex immunological, inflammatory, and metabolic pathways involved in the complex pathogenesis of cachexia. Meanwhile, the role of the anticachectic therapies is very different in the stage of irreversible cachexia when the available antineoplastic treatments are not able to control the disease and the resistance mechanisms fail with the prevalence of the tolerance phenomena. At this stage, they can be useful only to improve the quality of life, allowing the patient and their family to get a better awareness of the final phases of life, thereby opening to the best spiritual remodulation of the final event, death.
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6
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Macciò A, Oppi S, Madeddu C. COVID-19 and cytokine storm syndrome: can what we know about interleukin-6 in ovarian cancer be applied? J Ovarian Res 2021; 14:28. [PMID: 33550983 PMCID: PMC7868172 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-021-00772-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Improving early diagnosis along with timely and effective treatment of COVID-19 are urgently needed. However, at present, the mechanisms underlying disease spread and development, defined prognosis, and immune status of patients with COVID-19 remain to be determined. Patients with severe disease state exhibit a hyperinflammatory response associated with cytokine storm syndrome, hypercoagulability, and depressed cell-mediated immunity. These clinical manifestations, sharing similar pathogenesis, have been well-studied in patients with advanced ovarian cancer. The present review suggests treatment approaches for COVID-19 based on strategies used against ovarian cancer, which shares similar immunopathology and associated coagulation disorders. The chronicization of the hyperinflammatory cytokine storm in patients with severe COVID-19 highlights a defective resistance phase that leads to aspecific chronic inflammation, associated with oxidative stress, which impairs specific T-cell response, induces tissue and endothelial damage, and thrombosis associated with systemic effects that lead to severe multi-organ failure and death. These events are similar to those observed in advanced ovarian cancer which share similar pathogenesis mediated primarily by Interleukin-6, which is, as well demonstrated in ovarian cancer, the key cytokine driving the immunopathology, related systemic symptoms, and patient prognosis. Consistent with findings in other disease models with similar immunopathology, such as advanced ovarian cancer, treatment of severe COVID-19 infection should target inflammation, oxidative stress, coagulation disorders, and immunodepression to improve patient outcome. Correctly identifying disease stages, based on available laboratory data, and developing a specific protocol for each phase is essential for effective treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Macciò
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Businco Hospital, "Azienda di Rilievo Nazionale ad Alta Specializzazione G. Brotzu", Via Jenner, 09100, Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Sara Oppi
- Hematology and Transplant Center, Businco Hospital, "Azienda di Rilievo Nazionale ad Alta Specializzazione G. Brotzu", Cagliari, Italy
| | - Clelia Madeddu
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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7
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Hu Y, Gruber KA, Smith DE. Characterization of the cellular transport mechanisms for the anti-cachexia candidate compound TCMCB07. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2020; 11:1677-1687. [PMID: 32725770 PMCID: PMC7749613 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cachexia is a debilitating, life-threatening condition whose pathology includes reduced food intake accompanied by hypermetabolism, leading to a catabolic state. The hypothalamic melanocortin system is a critical regulator of metabolic rate with effects being mediated through the melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R). MC4R activation is also critical to the initiation and maintenance of cachexia. A major problem in the design of anti-cachexia drugs has been the need to cross the blood-brain barrier to access the metabolic rate-controlling centres in the hypothalamus. The overwhelming majority of anti-cachexia drugs are only effective when administered intracerebroventricularly. TCMCB07 is a cyclic nonapeptide peptide MC4R antagonist with parenteral anti-cachexia activity in both small and large animal models. This suggests it can cross the blood-brain barrier. The aim of this study was to examine potential transport mechanisms of TCMCB07 furthering its preclinical development for subsequent studies in humans. METHODS In vitro studies were performed in transporter-transfected cells to study whether or not TCMCB07 was an inhibitor as well as substrate for OATP1A2, OATP1B1, OATP1B3, OATP2B1, OCT2, OAT1, OAT3, MATE1, MATE2-K, P-gp (MDR1), and BCRP. In vivo mass balance studies were also performed in mice to evaluate the absorption and disposition of TCMCB07 after oral and intravenous bolus administrations. RESULTS TCMCB07 inhibited the uptake of prototypical substrates in cells transfected with OATP1A2 (IC50 24.0 μM), OATP1B1 (IC50 6.8 μM), OATP1B3 (IC50 307 μM), OATP2B1 (IC50 524 μM), OCT2 (IC50 1,169 μM), MATE1 (IC50 8.7 μM), and MATE2-K (IC50 20.7 μM) but not in cells transfected with OAT1 and OAT3. TCMCB07 did not affect the P-gp (MDR1)-mediated and BCRP-mediated permeability of prototypical substrates in transfected cells. Importantly, direct evidence was shown for the uptake of TCMCB07 in OATP1A2-transfected cells (i.e. Vmax 236 pmol/mg, Km 58.4 μM, and Kd 0.39 μL/mg), demonstrating that the nonapeptide was a substrate for this transporter. Mass balance studies demonstrated that 24.2% of TCMCB07 was absorbed orally in vivo (P = 0.0033) and excreted primarily in the bile after both oral and intravenous administrations. CONCLUSIONS OATP1A2 is the transporter responsible for the oral absorption of TCMCB07 in the intestine and for its pharmacologic response in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjun Hu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - David E Smith
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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8
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Cao Q, Liu H, Zhang G, Wang X, Manyande A, Du H. 1H-NMR based metabolomics reveals the nutrient differences of two kinds of freshwater fish soups before and after simulated gastrointestinal digestion. Food Funct 2020; 11:3095-3104. [PMID: 32195513 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo02661d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Soups show diverse health functions, which could be linked to their original nutrient profiles and metabolites derived from digestion. NMR spectroscopy is a robust and rapid method that unveils or identifies the chemical composition of food or food-derived metabolites. In the current study, the 1H-NMR spectroscopy approach was applied to identify the differences in metabolic profiling of two kinds of home-cooked freshwater fish soups (crucian carp and snakehead fish) before and after in vitro gastrointestinal digestion. The nutritional profiles of these soups were studied using the 1H-NMR method for the first time. Two metabolomics methods, PCA (Principal Component Analysis) and OPLS-DA (Orthogonal Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis), were used to analyze the data. On the whole, levels of amino acid metabolites such as valine (Val), tyrosine, choline, taurine (Tau) and glycine were higher in the crucian carp soup, whereas higher levels of fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids were found in the snakehead soup. Furthermore, the high content of seven metabolites valine, leucine, EPA C20:5 (PUFA eicosapentaenoic acid), acetic acid, taurine, GPCho (phosphatidylcholine) and creatine showed an upward trend after simulated gastrointestinal digestion. The results demonstrate that the 1H-NMR metabolic profile of different fish soups can shed some light on our understanding of food functional properties and dietary therapy. Furthermore, changes of metabolites in digested fish soups could reveal information about chemical compounds which play important roles in the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongju Cao
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China. and National R & D Branch Center for Conventional Freshwater Fish Processing, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Huili Liu
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Science, P.R. China
| | - Gaonan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China.
| | - Xiaohua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Science, P.R. China and Hubei Provincial Institute for Food Supervision and Test, Wuhan, 430071, P.R. China
| | - Anne Manyande
- School of Human and Social Sciences, University of West London, London, UK
| | - Hongying Du
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China. and National R & D Branch Center for Conventional Freshwater Fish Processing, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, P.R. China
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9
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Predicting the treatment outcome of nivolumab in recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: prognostic value of combined performance status and modified Glasgow prognostic score. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2020; 277:2341-2347. [DOI: 10.1007/s00405-020-05945-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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10
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Macciò A, Busquets S, Madeddu C, Argilés JM. Editorial: Biological Mechanism-Based and Patient-Centered Management of Cancer-Related Symptoms and Syndromes. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1819. [PMID: 30618829 PMCID: PMC6305426 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Macciò
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera Brotzu, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Silvia Busquets
- Cancer Research Group, Department de Bioquimica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Clelia Madeddu
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Healt, University of Cagliarih, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Josep M Argilés
- Cancer Research Group, Department de Bioquimica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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11
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Wilson HE, Rhodes KK, Rodriguez D, Chahal I, Stanton DA, Bohlen J, Davis M, Infante AM, Hazard-Jenkins H, Klinke DJ, Pugacheva EN, Pistilli EE. Human Breast Cancer Xenograft Model Implicates Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor Signaling as Driver of Cancer-induced Muscle Fatigue. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 25:2336-2347. [PMID: 30559167 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-1565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study tested the hypothesis that a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) model would recapitulate the common clinical phenomenon of breast cancer-induced skeletal muscle (SkM) fatigue in the absence of muscle wasting. This study additionally sought to identify drivers of this condition to facilitate the development of therapeutic agents for patients with breast cancer experiencing muscle fatigue. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Eight female BC-PDOX-bearing mice were produced via transplantation of tumor tissue from 8 female patients with breast cancer. Individual hind limb muscles from BC-PDOX mice were isolated at euthanasia for RNA-sequencing, gene and protein analyses, and an ex vivo muscle contraction protocol to quantify tumor-induced aberrations in SkM function. Differentially expressed genes (DEG) in the BC-PDOX mice relative to control mice were identified using DESeq2, and multiple bioinformatics platforms were employed to contextualize the DEGs. RESULTS We found that SkM from BC-PDOX-bearing mice showed greater fatigability than control mice, despite no differences in absolute muscle mass. PPAR, mTOR, IL6, IL1, and several other signaling pathways were implicated in the transcriptional changes observed in the BC-PDOX SkM. Moreover, 3 independent in silico analyses identified PPAR signaling as highly dysregulated in the SkM of both BC-PDOX-bearing mice and human patients with early-stage nonmetastatic breast cancer. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these data demonstrate that the BC-PDOX model recapitulates the expected breast cancer-induced SkM fatigue and further identify aberrant PPAR signaling as an integral factor in the pathology of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah E Wilson
- MD/PhD Medical Scientist Program, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia.,Cancer Institute, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Kacey K Rhodes
- Cancer Institute, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia.,Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Daniel Rodriguez
- Statler College of Engineering and Mineral Resources, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Ikttesh Chahal
- Division of Exercise Physiology, Department of Human Performance, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - David A Stanton
- Division of Exercise Physiology, Department of Human Performance, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Joseph Bohlen
- Division of Exercise Physiology, Department of Human Performance, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Mary Davis
- Department of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Aniello M Infante
- Genomics Core Facility, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Hannah Hazard-Jenkins
- Department of Surgery, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - David J Klinke
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Elena N Pugacheva
- Cancer Institute, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia.,Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Emidio E Pistilli
- Cancer Institute, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia. .,Division of Exercise Physiology, Department of Human Performance, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia.,West Virginia Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia
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12
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Suzuki T, Palus S, Springer J. Skeletal muscle wasting in chronic heart failure. ESC Heart Fail 2018; 5:1099-1107. [PMID: 30548178 PMCID: PMC6300810 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.12387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients suffering from chronic heart failure (CHF) show an increased prevalence (~20% in elderly CHF patients) of loss of muscle mass and muscle function (i.e. sarcopenia) compared with healthy elderly people. Sarcopenia, which can also occur in obese patients, is considered a strong predictor of frailty, disability, and mortality in older persons and is present in 5–13% of elderly persons aged 60–70 years and up to 50% of all octogenarians. In a CHF study, sarcopenia was associated with lower strength, reduced peak oxygen consumption (peak VO2, 1173 ± 433 vs. 1622 ± 456 mL/min), and lower exercise time (7.7 ± 3.8 vs. 10.22 ± 3.0 min, both P < 0.001). Unfortunately, there are only very limited therapy options. Currently, the main intervention remains resistance exercise. Specialized nutritional support may aid the effects of resistance training. Testosterone has significant positive effects on muscle mass and function, and low endogenous testosterone has been described as an independent risk factor in CHF in a study with 618 men (hazard ratio 0.929, P = 0.042). However, the use of testosterone is controversial because of possible side effects. Selective androgen receptor modulators have been developed to overcome these side effects but are not yet available on the market. Further investigational drugs include growth hormone, insulin‐like growth factor 1, and several compounds that target the myostatin pathway. The continuing development of new treatment strategies and compounds for sarcopenia, muscle wasting regardless of CHF, and cardiac cachexia makes this a stimulating research area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Suzuki
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sandra Palus
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jochen Springer
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), Göttingen, Germany
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van der Ende M, Grefte S, Plas R, Meijerink J, Witkamp RF, Keijer J, van Norren K. Mitochondrial dynamics in cancer-induced cachexia. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2018; 1870:137-150. [PMID: 30059724 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cancer-induced cachexia has a negative impact on quality of life and adversely affects therapeutic outcomes and survival rates. It is characterized by, often severe, loss of muscle, with or without loss of fat mass. Insight in the pathophysiology of this complex metabolic syndrome and direct treatment options are still limited, which creates a research demand. Results from recent studies point towards a significant involvement of muscle mitochondrial networks. However, data are scattered and a comprehensive overview is lacking. This paper aims to fill existing knowledge gaps by integrating published data sets on muscle protein or gene expression from cancer-induced cachexia animal models. To this end, a database was compiled from 94 research papers, comprising 11 different rodent models. This was combined with four genome-wide transcriptome datasets of cancer-induced cachexia rodent models. Analysis showed that the expression of genes involved in mitochondrial fusion, fission, ATP production and mitochondrial density is decreased, while that of genes involved ROS detoxification and mitophagy is increased. Our results underline the relevance of including post-translational modifications of key proteins involved in mitochondrial functioning in future studies on cancer-induced cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda van der Ende
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands; Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Sander Grefte
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Rogier Plas
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Jocelijn Meijerink
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Renger F Witkamp
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Jaap Keijer
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Klaske van Norren
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands.
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Springer J, Springer JI, Anker SD. Muscle wasting and sarcopenia in heart failure and beyond: update 2017. ESC Heart Fail 2018; 4:492-498. [PMID: 29154428 PMCID: PMC5695190 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.12237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia (loss of muscle mass and muscle function) is a strong predictor of frailty, disability and mortality in older persons and may also occur in obese subjects. The prevalence of sarcopenia is increased in patients suffering from chronic heart failure. However, there are currently few therapy options. The main intervention is resistance exercise, either alone or in combination with nutritional support, which seems to enhance the beneficial effects of training. Also, testosterone has been shown to increased muscle power and function; however, a possible limitation is the side effects of testosterone. Other investigational drugs include selective androgen receptor modulators, growth hormone, IGF‐1, compounds targeting myostatin signaling, which have their own set of side effects. There are abundant prospective targets for improving muscle function in the elderly with or without chronic heart failure, and the continuing development of new treatment strategies and compounds for sarcopenia and cardiac cachexia makes this field an exciting one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochen Springer
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Joshua-I Springer
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan D Anker
- Division of Cardiology and Metabolism-Heart Failure, Cachexia and Sarcopenia, Department of Cardiology (CVK); and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT); Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung (DZHK) Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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15
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Khatib MN, Shankar AH, Kirubakaran R, Gaidhane A, Gaidhane S, Simkhada P, Quazi Syed Z. Ghrelin for the management of cachexia associated with cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018; 2:CD012229. [PMID: 29489032 PMCID: PMC6491219 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd012229.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer sufferers are amongst the most malnourished of all the patient groups. Studies have shown that ghrelin, a gut hormone can be a potential therapeutic agent for cachexia (wasting syndrome) associated with cancer. A variety of mechanisms of action of ghrelin in people with cancer cachexia have been proposed. However, safety and efficacy of ghrelin for cancer-associated cachexia have not been systematically reviewed. The aim of this review was to assess whether ghrelin is associated with better food intake, body composition and survival than other options for adults with cancer cachexia. OBJECTIVES To assess the efficacy and safety of ghrelin in improving food intake, body composition and survival in people with cachexia associated with cancer. SEARCH METHODS We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE and Embase without language restrictions up to July 2017. We also searched for ongoing studies in trials registers, performed handsearching, checked bibliographic references of relevant articles and contacted authors and experts in the field to seek potentially relevant research. We applied no restrictions on language, date, or publication status. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised controlled (parallel-group or cross-over) trials comparing ghrelin (any formulation or route of administration) with placebo or an active comparator in adults (aged 18 years and over) who met any of the international criteria for cancer cachexia. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently assessed studies for eligibility. Two review authors then extracted data and assessed the risk of bias for individual studies using standard Cochrane methodology. For dichotomous variables, we planned to calculate risk ratio with 95% confidence intervals (CI) and for continuous data, we planned to calculate mean differences (MD) with 95% CI. We assessed the evidence using GRADE and created 'Summary of findings' tables. MAIN RESULTS We screened 926 individual references and identified three studies that satisfied the inclusion criteria. Fifty-nine participants (37 men and 22 women) aged between 54 and 78 years were randomised initially, 47 participants completed the treatment. One study had a parallel design and two had a cross-over design. The studies included people with a variety of cancers and also differed in the dosage, route of administration, frequency and duration of treatment.One trial, which compared ghrelin with placebo, found that ghrelin improved food intake (very low-quality evidence) and had no adverse events (very low-quality evidence). Due to unavailability of data we were unable to report on comparisons for ghrelin versus no treatment or alternative experimental treatment modalities, or ghrelin in combination with other treatments or ghrelin analogues/ghrelin mimetics/ghrelin potentiators. Two studies compared a higher dose of ghrelin with a lower dose of ghrelin, however due to differences in study designs and great diversity in the treatment provided we did not pool the results. In both trials, food intake did not differ between participants on higher-dose and lower-dose ghrelin. None of the included studies assessed data on body weight. One study reported higher adverse events with a higher dose as compared to a lower dose of ghrelin.All studies were at high risk of attrition bias and bias for size of the study. Risk of bias in other domains was unclear or low.We rated the overall quality of the evidence for primary outcomes (food intake, body weight, adverse events) as very low. We downgraded the quality of the evidence due to lack of data, high or unclear risk of bias of the studies and small study size. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS There is insufficient evidence to be able to support or refute the use of ghrelin in people with cancer cachexia. Adequately powered randomised controlled trials focusing on evaluation of safety and efficacy of ghrelin in people with cancer cachexia is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahalaqua Nazli Khatib
- Division of Evidence Synthesis; School of Epidemiology and Public Health & Department of Physiology, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Sawangi Meghe, Wardha, Maharashtra, India, 442004
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16
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Kristina Parr M, Müller-Schöll A. Pharmacology of doping agents—mechanisms promoting muscle hypertrophy. AIMS MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.3934/molsci.2018.2.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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17
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Morimoto M, Aikawa K, Hara T, Yamaoka M. Prevention of body weight loss and sarcopenia by a novel selective androgen receptor modulator in cancer cachexia models. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:8066-8071. [PMID: 29344250 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cachexia is a syndrome that impairs the quality of life and overall survival of patients, and thus the effectiveness of anticancer agents. There are no effective therapies for cancer cachexia due to the complexity of the syndrome, and insufficient knowledge of its pathogenesis results in difficulty establishing appropriate animal models. Previously, promising results have been obtained in clinical trials using novel agents including the ghrelin receptor agonist anamorelin, and the selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM) enobosarm to treat cachexia in patients with cancer. The present study examined the pharmacological effects of SARM-2f, a novel non-steroidal small molecule SARM, in animal models. SARM-2f increased body and skeletal muscle weight without significantly increasing the weight of the seminal vesicles or prostates of the castrated male rats. In the mice with tumor necrosis factor α-induced cachexia, SARM-2f and TP restored body weight, carcass weight, and food consumption rate. In the C26 and G361 cancer cachexia animal models, body and carcass weight, lean body mass, and the weight of the levator ani muscle were increased by SARM-2f and TP treatments. Tissue selectivity of SARM-2f was also observed in these animal models. The results demonstrate the anabolic effects of SARM-2f in a cytokine-induced cachexia model and other cancer cachexia models, and suggest that SARM-2f may be a novel therapeutic option for cachexia in patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Morimoto
- Oncology Drug Discovery Unit, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Katsuji Aikawa
- Integrated Technology Research Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Takahito Hara
- Oncology Drug Discovery Unit, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Masuo Yamaoka
- Oncology Drug Discovery Unit, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
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Aversa Z, Costelli P, Muscaritoli M. Cancer-induced muscle wasting: latest findings in prevention and treatment. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2017; 9:369-382. [PMID: 28529552 PMCID: PMC5424865 DOI: 10.1177/1758834017698643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cachexia is a severe and disabling clinical condition that frequently accompanies the development of many types of cancer. Muscle wasting is the hallmark of cancer cachexia and is associated with serious clinical consequences such as physical impairment, poor quality of life, reduced tolerance to treatments and shorter survival. Cancer cachexia may evolve through different stages of clinical relevance, namely pre-cachexia, cachexia and refractory cachexia. Given its detrimental clinical consequences, it appears mandatory to prevent and/or delay the progression of cancer cachexia to its refractory stage by implementing the early recognition and treatment of the nutritional and metabolic alterations occurring during cancer. Research on the molecular mechanisms underlying muscle wasting during cancer cachexia has expanded in the last few years, allowing the identification of several potential therapeutic targets and the development of many promising drugs. Several of these agents have already reached the clinical evaluation, but it is becoming increasingly evident that a single therapy may not be completely successful in the treatment of cancer-related muscle wasting, given its multifactorial and complex pathogenesis. This suggests that early and structured multimodal interventions (including targeted nutritional supplementation, physical exercise and pharmacological interventions) are necessary to prevent and/or treat the devastating consequences of this cancer comorbidity, and future research should focus on this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaira Aversa
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Costelli
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Italy
| | - Maurizio Muscaritoli
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Sapienza, University of Rome, Viale dell’Università 37, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Vanhoutte G, van de Wiel M, Wouters K, Sels M, Bartolomeeussen L, De Keersmaecker S, Verschueren C, De Vroey V, De Wilde A, Smits E, Cheung KJ, De Clerck L, Aerts P, Baert D, Vandoninck C, Kindt S, Schelfhaut S, Vankerkhoven M, Troch A, Ceulemans L, Vandenbergh H, Leys S, Rondou T, Dewitte E, Maes K, Pauwels P, De Winter B, Van Gaal L, Ysebaert D, Peeters M. Cachexia in cancer: what is in the definition? BMJ Open Gastroenterol 2016; 3:e000097. [PMID: 27843571 PMCID: PMC5093365 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgast-2016-000097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to provide evidence-based results on differences in overall survival (OS) rate to guide the diagnosis of cancer cachexia. DESIGN Data collection and clinical assessment was performed every 3 months (5 visits): baseline data, muscle strength, nutritional and psychosocial status. 2 definitions on cachexia using different diagnostic criteria were applied for the same patient population. Fearon et al's definition is based on weight loss, body mass index (BMI) and sarcopenia. Evans et al nuances the contribution of sarcopenia and attaches additional attention to abnormal biochemistry parameters, fatigue and anorexia. The mean OS rates were compared between patients with and without cachexia for both definitions. RESULTS Based on the population of 167 patients who enrolled, 70% developed cachexia according to Fearon et al's definition and 40% according to Evans et al's definition. The OS in the cachectic population is 0.97 and 0.55 years, respectively. The difference in OS between patients with and without cachexia is more significant using the diagnostic criteria of Evans et al. The focus of Fearon et al on weight loss and sarcopenia over-rates the assignment of patients to the cachectic group and OS rates have less prognostic value. CONCLUSION This study presents a correlation with prognosis in favour of Evans et al' definition as a tool for cachexia diagnosis. This means that weight loss and BMI decline are both key factors in patients with cancer leading to cachexia but less decisive as stated by Fearon et al. Instead, extra factors gain importance in order to predict survival, such as chronic inflammation, anaemia, protein depletion, reduced food intake, fatigue, decreased muscle strength and lean tissue depletion. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER B300201112334.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greetje Vanhoutte
- Universitair Ziekenhuis Antwerpen (UZA) Wilrijkstraat , Edegem , Belgium
| | - Mick van de Wiel
- Department of Oncology (MOCA) , University Hospital Antwerp (UZA) , Edegem , Belgium
| | - Kristin Wouters
- Scientific Coordination and Biostatistics , University Hospital Antwerp (UZA) , Edegem , Belgium
| | - Michaël Sels
- Department of Dietetics , University Hospital Antwerp (UZA) Oncology (MOCA) , Edegem , Belgium
| | - Linda Bartolomeeussen
- Department of Dietetics , University Hospital Antwerp (UZA) Oncology (MOCA) , Edegem , Belgium
| | - Sven De Keersmaecker
- Department of Oncology (MOCA) , University Hospital Antwerp (UZA) , Edegem , Belgium
| | - Caroline Verschueren
- Department of Oncology (MOCA) , University Hospital Antwerp (UZA) , Edegem , Belgium
| | - Veronique De Vroey
- Department of Clinical Biology , University Hospital Antwerp (UZA) , Edegem , Belgium
| | - Annemieke De Wilde
- Department of Pathology , University Hospital Antwerp (UZA) , Edegem , Belgium
| | - Elke Smits
- Scientific Coordination and Biostatistics , University Hospital Antwerp (UZA) , Edegem , Belgium
| | - Kin Jip Cheung
- Department of Oncology (MOCA) , University Hospital Antwerp (UZA) , Edegem , Belgium
| | - Liesbeth De Clerck
- Department of Oncology (MOCA) , University Hospital Antwerp (UZA) , Edegem , Belgium
| | - Petra Aerts
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics (LEMP) , University of Antwerp (UA) , Wilrijk , Belgium
| | - Didier Baert
- Department of Gastroenterology , Maria Middelares Medical Centre, AZ Maria Middelares Hospital , Gent , Belgium
| | - Caroline Vandoninck
- Department of Gastroenterology , Maria Middelares Medical Centre, AZ Maria Middelares Hospital , Gent , Belgium
| | - Sofie Kindt
- Department of Gastroenterology , Maria Middelares Medical Centre, AZ Maria Middelares Hospital , Gent , Belgium
| | - Sofie Schelfhaut
- Department of Gastroenterology , Maria Middelares Medical Centre, AZ Maria Middelares Hospital , Gent , Belgium
| | - Marc Vankerkhoven
- Department of Gastroenterology , Maria Middelares Medical Centre, AZ Maria Middelares Hospital , Gent , Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Sven Leys
- Heilig Hart Hospital , Lier , Belgium
| | - Tim Rondou
- Department of Gastroenterology , Sint Jozef Kliniek , Bornem , Belgium
| | - Elke Dewitte
- Department of Gastroenterology , Sint Jozef Kliniek , Bornem , Belgium
| | - Kristel Maes
- Department of Gastroenterology , Sint Jozef Kliniek , Bornem , Belgium
| | - Patrick Pauwels
- Department of Pathology , University Hospital Antwerp (UZA) , Edegem , Belgium
| | - Benedicte De Winter
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics (LEMP) , University of Antwerp (UA) , Wilrijk , Belgium
| | - Luc Van Gaal
- Endocrinology, Diabetology, Metabolic Diseases and Nutrition Pathology , University Hospital Antwerp (UZA) , Edegem , Belgium
| | - Dirk Ysebaert
- Hepatobiliary Surgery University Hospital Antwerp (UZA), Edegem, Belgium
| | - Marc Peeters
- Department of Oncology (MOCA) , University Hospital Antwerp (UZA) , Edegem , Belgium
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Dowling P, Murphy S, Ohlendieck K. Proteomic profiling of muscle fibre type shifting in neuromuscular diseases. Expert Rev Proteomics 2016; 13:783-99. [DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2016.1209416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Khatib MN, Shankar A, Kirubakaran R, Gaidhane A, Gaidhane S, Simkhada P, Quazi Syed Z. Ghrelin for the management of cachexia associated with cancer. Hippokratia 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd012229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahalaqua Nazli Khatib
- Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences; Department of Physiology; Sawangi Meghe Wardha Maharashtra India 442004
| | - Anuraj Shankar
- Harvard University; Department of Nutrition; 655 Huntington Avenue Building 2, Room 331A Boston Massachusetts USA 02115
| | - Richard Kirubakaran
- Christian Medical College; South Asian Cochrane Network & Center, Prof. BV Moses Center for Evidence-Informed Health Care and Health Policy; Carman Block II Floor CMC Campus, Bagayam Vellore Tamil Nadu India 632002
| | - Abhay Gaidhane
- Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences; Department of Community Medicine; Sawangi Meghe Wardha Maharashtra State India 442004
| | - Shilpa Gaidhane
- Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences; Department of Medicine; Sawangi Meghe Wardha Maharashtra State India 442004
| | - Padam Simkhada
- Liverpool John Moores University; Centre for Public Health; Henry Cotton Building 15-21 Webster Street Liverpool UK L3 2ET
| | - Zahiruddin Quazi Syed
- Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences; Department of Community Medicine; Sawangi Meghe Wardha Maharashtra State India 442004
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Zheng Y, Chen H, Li X, Sun Y. Pay attention to cardiac remodeling in cancer cachexia. Support Care Cancer 2016; 24:3253-9. [PMID: 27108265 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-016-3222-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cachexia is a complex and multifaceted disease state characterized by fatigue, weakness, and loss of skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. Recently, the profound negative effects of cancer cachexia on cardiac tissue draw much attention, which is likely to contribute to mortality in tumor-bearing animals. The mechanism of cardiac remodeling is not so clear and involved with a series of molecular alterations. In cancer cachexia model, progressive loss of left ventricular mass and decrease in myocardial function is observed and cardiac autonomic functions are altered. Levels of several emerging cardiovascular neurohormones are found elevating in patients with cancer, but it is still controversial whether the changes could reflect the heart injury accurately. The remedy for cardiac remodeling has been explored. It is showed that exercise can modulate signaling pathways activated by wasting cytokines and impact on the resulting outcomes on heart adaptation. Some drugs, such as bisoprolol, spironolactone, perindopril, tandospirone, and simvastatin, can mitigate adverse effects of the tumor on the heart and prolong survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawen Zheng
- Department of Oncology, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, No. 105, Jie Fang Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250013, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Chen
- Soochow University College of Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215000, China
| | - Xiaoqing Li
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310029, China
| | - Yuping Sun
- Department of Oncology, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, No. 105, Jie Fang Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250013, People's Republic of China.
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Vana PG, LaPorte HM, Kennedy RH, Gamelli RL, Majetschak M. Effects of a caspase and a calpain inhibitor on resting energy expenditures in normal and hypermetabolic rats: a pilot study. Physiol Res 2016; 65:537-41. [PMID: 27070748 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Several diseases induce hypermetabolism, which is characterized by increases in resting energy expenditures (REE) and whole body protein loss. Exaggerated protein degradation is thought to be the driving force underlying this response. The effects of caspase and calpain inhibitors on REE in physiological and hypermetabolic conditions, however, are unknown. Thus, we studied whether MDL28170 (calpain inhibitor) or z-VAD-fmk (caspase inhibitor) affect REE under physiological conditions and during hypermetabolism post-burn. Rats were treated five times weekly and observed for 6 weeks. Treatment was started 2 h (early) or 48 h (late) after burn. In normal rats, MDL28170 transiently increased REE to 130 % of normal during week 2-4. z-VAD-fmk reduced REE by 20-25 % throughout the observation period. Within 14 days after burns, REE increased to 130+/-5 %. Whereas MDL28170/early treatment did not affect REE, MDL28170/late transiently increased REE to 180+/-10 % of normal by week 4 post-burn. In contrast, with z-VAD-fmk/early REE remained between 90-110 % of normal post-burn. z-VAD-fmk/late did not affect burn-induced increases in REE. These data suggest that caspase cascades contribute to the development of hypermetabolism and that burn-induced hypermetabolism can be pharmacologically modulated. Our data point towards caspase cascades as possible therapeutic targets to attenuate hypermetabolism after burns, and possibly in other catabolic disease processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- P G Vana
- Burn and Shock Trauma Research Institute, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, USA.
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