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Rho SB, Byun HJ, Kim BR, Lee CH. Liver Kinase B1 Mediates Its Anti-Tumor Function by Binding to the N-Terminus of Malic Enzyme 3. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2023; 31:330-339. [PMID: 37095735 PMCID: PMC10129855 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2023.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver kinase B1 (LKB1) is a crucial tumor suppressor involved in various cellular processes, including embryonic development, tumor initiation and progression, cell adhesion, apoptosis, and metabolism. However, the precise mechanisms underlying its functions remain elusive. In this study, we demonstrate that LKB1 interacts directly with malic enzyme 3 (ME3) through the N-terminus of the enzyme and identified the binding regions necessary for this interaction. The binding activity was confirmed to promote the expression of ME3 in an LKB1-dependent manner and was also shown to induce apoptosis activity. Furthermore, LKB1 and ME3 overexpression upregulated the expression of tumour suppressor proteins (p53 and p21) and downregulated the expression of antiapoptotic proteins (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) and B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2)). Additionally, LKB1 and ME3 enhanced the transcription of p21 and p53 and inhibited the transcription of NF-κB. Moreover, LKB1 and ME3 suppressed the phosphorylation of various components of the phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase/protein kinase B signaling pathway. Overall, these results suggest that LKB1 promotes pro-apoptotic activities by inducing ME3 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Bae Rho
- Division of Cancer Biology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408
| | - Hyun Jung Byun
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Boh-Ram Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hoon Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
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2
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Wade CA, Goodwin J, Preston D, Kyprianou N. Impact of α-adrenoceptor antagonists on prostate cancer development, progression and prevention. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL UROLOGY 2019; 7:46-60. [PMID: 30906804 PMCID: PMC6420703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Two decades following the discovery that α1-adrenoceptor antagonists suppress prostate tumor growth at the molecular and cellular level, the impact of α-blockade as re-purposed treatment strategy in the medical management of prostate cancer is gradually being recognized. Prostate cancer is the second most common cause of cancer deaths among males in the United States, yet the disease maintains inconsistent recommendations for prevention and screening. The functional relationship between α-adrenergic signaling and smooth muscle cells in the stroma of the prostate gland and the bladder neck empowered the use of α-adrenoceptor antagonists for the relief of urethral obstruction and clinical symptoms associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Adrenoceptors are G-protein-coupled receptors (GCPRs) that are functionally bound by catecholamines: epinephrine (ER) and norepinephrine (NE). The α1A adrenoceptor subtype is primarily responsible for smooth muscle contraction in the bladder neck and prostate gland. α1-adrenoceptor antagonists are clinically indicated as first-line therapies for the relief of BPH, hypertension, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Compelling evidence from cellular and pre-clinical models have identified additional effects of α1-adrenoceptor antagonists regarding their ability to induce apoptosis-mediated suppression of prostate tumor growth and metastasis. Additionally, early epidemiologic data suggest that they may serve as a safe treatment to reduce the risk of prostate cancer. Optimization of quinazoline based compounds (doxazosin) to exploit pharmacologic targeting of tumor growth and vascularization revealed high efficacy of the lead novel compound DZ-50 against prostate tumors. This review discusses the experimental and pre-clinical evidence on the impact of α-blockade on prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron A Wade
- Department of Urology, University of Kentucky College of MedicineLexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
| | - Jeffrey Goodwin
- Department of Urology, University of Kentucky College of MedicineLexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
| | - David Preston
- Department of Urology, University of Kentucky College of MedicineLexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
| | - Natasha Kyprianou
- Department of Urology, University of Kentucky College of MedicineLexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky College of MedicineLexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky College of MedicineLexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
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3
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Zhong X, Qian X, Chen G, Song X. The role of galectin-3 in heart failure and cardiovascular disease. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2019; 46:197-203. [PMID: 30372548 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhong
- Cardiovascular Center; The Fourth Affiliated Hospital; Harbin Medical University; Harbin China
| | - Xiaoqian Qian
- Department of Nephrology; Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - Guangping Chen
- Department of Physiology; Emory University School of Medicine; Atlanta Georgia
| | - Xiang Song
- Cardiovascular Center; The Fourth Affiliated Hospital; Harbin Medical University; Harbin China
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4
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Cytotoxicity and Proapoptotic Effects of Allium atroviolaceum Flower Extract by Modulating Cell Cycle Arrest and Caspase-Dependent and p53-Independent Pathway in Breast Cancer Cell Lines. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:1468957. [PMID: 29250124 PMCID: PMC5698829 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1468957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death among women and despite significant advances in therapy, it remains a critical health problem worldwide. Allium atroviolaceum is an herbaceous plant, with limited information about the therapeutic capability. We aimed to study the anticancer effect of flower extract and the mechanisms of action in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231. The extract inhibits the proliferation of the cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The underlying mechanism involved the stimulation of S and G2/M phase arrest in MCF-7 and S phase arrest in MDA-MB-231 associated with decreased level of Cdk1, in a p53-independent pathway. Furthermore, the extract induces apoptosis in both cell lines, as indicated by the percentage of sub-G0 population, the morphological changes observed by phase contrast and fluorescent microscopy, and increase in Annexin-V-positive cells. The apoptosis induction was related to downregulation of Bcl-2 and also likely to be caspase-dependent. Moreover, the combination of the extract and tamoxifen exhibits synergistic effect, suggesting that it can complement current chemotherapy. LC-MS analysis displayed 17 major compounds in the extract which might be responsible for the observed effects. Overall, this study demonstrates the potential applications of Allium atroviolaceum extract as an anticancer drug for breast cancer treatment.
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Cervantes-Garcia D, Cuellar-Juarez AG, Borrego-Soto G, Rojas-Martinez A, Aldaba-Muruato LR, Salinas E, Ventura-Juarez J, Muñoz-Ortega MH. Adenoviral‑bone morphogenetic protein‑7 and/or doxazosin therapies promote the reversion of fibrosis/cirrhosis in a cirrhotic hamster model. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:9431-9440. [PMID: 29039539 PMCID: PMC5780000 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis occurs in the presence of continuous insults, including toxic or biological agents. Novel treatments must focus on ceasing the progression of cellular damage, promoting the regeneration of the parenchyma and inhibition of the fibrotic process. The present study analyzed the effect of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-7 gene therapy with or without co-treatment with doxazosin in a model of liver cirrhosis in hamsters. The serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and albumin levels were analyzed spectrophotometrically. Tissue hepatic samples were analyzed by hematoxylin and eosin for parenchymal structure and Sirius red for collagen fiber content. BMP-7 and α-smooth muscle actin (SMA)-positive cells were detected by immunohistochemistry. BMP-7 and collagen type I content in hepatic tissue were analyzed by western blotting, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP)-2 and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13 expression levels were detected by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The present study detected a significant reduction of collagen type I deposits in the group treated with adenoviral-transduction with BMP-7 and doxazosin. In animals with BMP-7 and doxazosin therapy, α-SMA-positive cells were 31.7 and 29% significantly decreased compared with animals with placebo, respectively. Adenoviral-BMP-7 transduction and/or doxazosin treatments actively induced decrement in type I collagen deposition via increased MMP-13 and reduced TIMP-2 expression. In conclusion, the adenovirus-BMP-7 gene therapy and the doxazosin therapy are potential candidates for the diminution of fibrosis in the liver, although combination of both therapies does not improve the individual anti-fibrotic effect once cirrhosis is established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Cervantes-Garcia
- Department of Microbiology, Basic Sciences Center, Autonomous University of Aguascalientes, 20131 Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | | | - Gissela Borrego-Soto
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monterrey, 64710 Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Augusto Rojas-Martinez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monterrey, 64710 Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Liseth Rubi Aldaba-Muruato
- Department of Morphology, Basic Sciences Center, Autonomous University of Aguascalientes, 20131 Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - Eva Salinas
- Department of Microbiology, Basic Sciences Center, Autonomous University of Aguascalientes, 20131 Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - Javier Ventura-Juarez
- Department of Morphology, Basic Sciences Center, Autonomous University of Aguascalientes, 20131 Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - Martin Humberto Muñoz-Ortega
- Department of Chemistry, Basic Sciences Center, Autonomous University of Aguascalientes, 20131 Aguascalientes, Mexico
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Maestri V, Tarozzi A, Simoni E, Cilia A, Poggesi E, Naldi M, Nicolini B, Pruccoli L, Rosini M, Minarini A. Quinazoline based α 1 -adrenoreceptor antagonists with potent antiproliferative activity in human prostate cancer cell lines. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 136:259-269. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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7
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Qian X, Li M, Wagner MB, Chen G, Song X. Doxazosin Stimulates Galectin-3 Expression and Collagen Synthesis in HL-1 Cardiomyocytes Independent of Protein Kinase C Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:495. [PMID: 28066244 PMCID: PMC5168465 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Doxazosin, a drug commonly prescribed for hypertension and prostate disease, increases heart failure risk. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Galectin-3 is an important mediator that plays a pathogenic role in cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. In the present study, we investigated whether doxazosin could stimulate galectin-3 expression and collagen synthesis in cultured HL-1 cardiomyocytes. We found that doxazosin dose-dependently induced galectin-3 protein expression, with a statistically significant increase in expression with a dose as low as 0.01 μM. Doxazosin upregulated collagen I and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) protein levels and also induced apoptotic protein caspase-3 in HL-1 cardiomyocytes. Although we previously reported that activation of protein kinase C (PKC) stimulates galectin-3 expression, blocking the PKC pathway with the PKC inhibitor chelerythrine did not prevent doxazosin-induced galectin-3 and collagen expression. Consistently, doxazosin treatment did not alter total and phosphorylated PKC. These results suggest that doxazosin-stimulated galectin-3 is independent of PKC pathway. To determine if the α1-adrenergic pathway is involved, we pretreated the cells with the irreversible α-adrenergic receptor blocker phenoxybenzamine and found that doxazosin-stimulated galectin-3 and collagen expression was similar to controls, suggesting that doxazosin acts independently of α1-adrenergic receptor blockade. Collectively, we show a novel effect of doxazosin on cardiomycytes by stimulating heart fibrosis factor galectin-3 expression. The mechanism of action of doxazosin is not mediated through either activation of the PKC pathway or antagonism of α1-adrenergic receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Qian
- Cardiovascular Center, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin, China; Department of Physiology, Emory University, AtlantaGA, USA
| | - Mingyang Li
- Cardiovascular Center, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University Harbin, China
| | - Mary B Wagner
- Heart Research and Outcomes Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta GA, USA
| | - Guangping Chen
- Department of Physiology, Emory University, Atlanta GA, USA
| | - Xiang Song
- Cardiovascular Center, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University Harbin, China
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8
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The Role of α1-Adrenoceptor Antagonists in the Treatment of Prostate and Other Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17081339. [PMID: 27537875 PMCID: PMC5000736 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17081339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This review evaluates the role of α-adrenoceptor antagonists as a potential treatment of prostate cancer (PCa). Cochrane, Google Scholar and Pubmed were accessed to retrieve sixty-two articles for analysis. In vitro studies demonstrate that doxazosin, prazosin and terazosin (quinazoline α-antagonists) induce apoptosis, decrease cell growth, and proliferation in PC-3, LNCaP and DU-145 cell lines. Similarly, the piperazine based naftopidil induced cell cycle arrest and death in LNCaP-E9 cell lines. In contrast, sulphonamide based tamsulosin did not exhibit these effects. In vivo data was consistent with in vitro findings as the quinazoline based α-antagonists prevented angiogenesis and decreased tumour mass in mice models of PCa. Mechanistically the cytotoxic and antitumor effects of the α-antagonists appear largely independent of α 1-blockade. The proposed targets include: VEGF, EGFR, HER2/Neu, caspase 8/3, topoisomerase 1 and other mitochondrial apoptotic inducing factors. These cytotoxic effects could not be evaluated in human studies as prospective trial data is lacking. However, retrospective studies show a decreased incidence of PCa in males exposed to α-antagonists. As human data evaluating the use of α-antagonists as treatments are lacking; well designed, prospective clinical trials are needed to conclusively demonstrate the anticancer properties of quinazoline based α-antagonists in PCa and other cancers.
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9
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Rabieh S, Koushanpour A, Tajabadi F. Green and Straightforward Modification of Graphite Electrode via In Situ Synthesis of Graphene Nanosheets for Quantifying Prazosin Hydrochloride in Urine Samples and Pharmaceutical Formulations. ELECTROANAL 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201500157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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10
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Park MS, Kim BR, Dong SM, Lee SH, Kim DY, Rho SB. The antihypertension drug doxazosin inhibits tumor growth and angiogenesis by decreasing VEGFR-2/Akt/mTOR signaling and VEGF and HIF-1α expression. Oncotarget 2015; 5:4935-44. [PMID: 24952732 PMCID: PMC4148112 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxazosin is an α1 adrenergic receptor blocker that also exerts antitumor effects. However, the underlying mechanisms by which it modulates PI3K/Akt intracellular signaling are poorly understood. In this study, we reveal that doxazosin functions as a novel antiangiogenic agent by inhibiting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced cell migration and proliferation. It also inhibited VEGF-induced capillary-like structure tube formation in vitro. Doxazosin inhibited the phosphorylation of VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) and downstream signaling, including PI3K, Akt, 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 (PDK1), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1α). However, it had no effect on VEGF-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) phosphorylation. Furthermore, doxazosin reduced tumor growth and suppressed tumor vascularization in a xenograft human ovarian cancer model. These results provide evidence that doxazosin functions in the endothelial cell system to modulate angiogenesis by inhibiting Akt and mTOR phosphorylation and interacting with VEGFR-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Sun Park
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, 323, Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si Gyevonggi-do, Republic of Korea; Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 599, Gwanank-ro, Gwanakgu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | - Seung Bae Rho
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, 323, Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si Gyevonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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11
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Zhong R, Xu H, Chen G, Zhao G, Gao Y, Liu X, Ma S, Dong L. The role of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α in radiation-induced autophagic cell death in breast cancer cells. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:7077-83. [PMID: 25874499 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3425-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is a major effector in cell survival response to hypoxia, while the roles of HIF-1α in radiation-induced autophagy are still unclear in breast cancer cells. Human breast cancer carcinoma MCF-7 cells were stably transfected with pSUPER-shRNA against human HIF-1α or a scrambled sequence with no homology to mammalian genes, named as pSUPER-HIF-1α and pSUPER-SC, respectively. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and colony formation assay were used to detect cell viability, Western blot was used to detect protein expression, monodansylcadaverine (MDC) staining was used to analyze autophagy, and Hoechts/PI staining was used to assess apoptosis. Ionizing radiation (IR) and cobalt chloride (CoCl2) could induce HIF-1α expression and increase the microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (MAPLC3)-II/MAPLC3-I ratio, especially in radiation + CoCl2 group. After the silencing of HIF-1α, the radiosensitivity of MCF-7 cells increased and the autophagy level decreased in response to DNA damage induced by ionizing radiation, but there was no influence on IR-induced apoptosis. HIF-1α silencing also increased the expression of phospho-Akt, mTOR, and P70S6K and activated the mTOR signals significantly. Hypoxia can induce autophagy and also improve the IR-induced autophagy via the suppression of Akt/mTOR/P70S6K pathway, which consequently lead to radioresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Radiobiology (Ministry of Health), School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Huiying Xu
- Department of Ultrasound, The 1st Hospitals Affiliated to Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Ge Chen
- Department of Stomatology, The 1st Hospitals Affiliated to Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Gang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Radiobiology (Ministry of Health), School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The 1st Hospitals Affiliated to Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Radiobiology (Ministry of Health), School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, The 1st Hospitals Affiliated to Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Shumei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Radiobiology (Ministry of Health), School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China. .,Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 3T2, Canada.
| | - Lihua Dong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The 1st Hospitals Affiliated to Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
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12
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Park MS, Kim BR, Kang S, Kim DY, Rho SB. The antihypertension drug doxazosin suppresses JAK/STATs phosphorylation and enhances the effects of IFN-α/γ-induced apoptosis. Genes Cancer 2015; 5:470-479. [PMID: 25568671 PMCID: PMC4279443 DOI: 10.18632/genesandcancer.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxazosin, a commonly prescribed treatment for patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia, serves as an α1-blocker of the adrenergic receptors. In this study, we calculated its effect on the ovarian carcinoma cells. Doxazosin induces dose-dependent growth suppression and is additively activated through IFN-α or IFN-γ stimulation. They both enhanced G1 phase arrest, as well as the activity of caspase-3, and the reduction of cyclin D1 and CDK4 protein levels. Doxazosin growth suppression was abolished either by the Janus family of tyrosine kinase (JAK) or the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) inhibitor treatment. The activity of JAK/STAT was dependent on the level of doxazosin, suggesting a requirement of doxazosin for the activation of JAK/STAT. Furthermore, doxazosin plus IFN-α or doxazosin plus IFN-γ additively suppressed the activation of the JAK/STAT signals through phosphorylation of JAK and STAT, thus affecting the activation of subsequent downstream signaling components PI3K, mTOR, 70S6K, and PKCδ. In vivo study demonstrated that doxazosin significantly suppressed tumor growth in an ovarian cancer cell xenograft mouse model, inducing apoptotic cell death by up-regulating the expression of p53, whereas c-Myc expression was markedly reduced. Our data indicate that doxazosin can modulate the apoptotic effects of IFN-α- and IFN-γ through the JAK/STAT signaling pathways. Collectively, we indicate that this action may be a potent chemotherapeutic property against ovarian carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Sun Park
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Boh-Ram Kim
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sokbom Kang
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Yong Kim
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Bae Rho
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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13
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Bilbro J, Mart M, Kyprianou N. Therapeutic value of quinazoline-based compounds in prostate cancer. Anticancer Res 2013; 33:4695-4700. [PMID: 24222103 PMCID: PMC5451155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Certain α1-adrenoreceptor antagonists induce significant apoptosis and impair tumor vascularity without affecting cellular proliferation, effects specific to the quinazoline structure. These anticancer effects have been attributed to both induction of classical apoptosis and reversal of anoikis resistance via disruption of integrin-mediated cell survival pathways. Recent drug optimization efforts have generated several novel compounds with quinazoline-derived chemical structure that exert potent anti-tumor activity via anoikis. Results from pre-clinical and clinical studies implicate a potential value of quinazoline-based analogues in prostate cancer prevention and therapy. A retrospective study of a large patient cohort at our center, revealed that treatment with α1-andrenoreceptor antagonists significantly reduced the risk of developing prostate cancer, indicating a potential chemopreventative mechanism for these FDA-approved agents. In the present review we discuss the current understanding of the signaling mechanisms reversing anoikis resistance by the quinazoline-based compounds in prostate tumors, towards enabling identification of novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnathan Bilbro
- Combs Res. Bldg., Rm. 306, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, KY 40536, U.S.A.
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White CW, Xie JH, Ventura S. Age-related changes in the innervation of the prostate gland: implications for prostate cancer initiation and progression. Organogenesis 2013; 9:206-15. [PMID: 23872639 PMCID: PMC3896592 DOI: 10.4161/org.24843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The adult prostate gland grows and develops under hormonal control while its physiological functions are controlled by the autonomic nervous system. The prostate gland receives sympathetic input via the hypogastric nerve and parasympathetic input via the pelvic nerve. In addition, the hypogastric and pelvic nerves also provide sensory inputs to the gland. This review provides a summary of the innervation of the adult prostate gland and describes the changes which occur with age and disease. Growth and development of the prostate gland is age dependent as is the occurrence of both benign prostate disease and prostate cancer. In parallel, the activity and influence of both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system changes with age. The influence of the sympathetic nervous system on benign prostatic hyperplasia is well documented and this review considers the possibility of a link between changes in autonomic innervation and prostate cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl W White
- Drug Discovery Biology; Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Monash University; Parkville, VIC Australia
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15
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Takara K, Yamamoto K, Matsubara M, Minegaki T, Takahashi M, Yokoyama T, Okumura K. Effects of α-adrenoceptor antagonists on ABCG2/BCRP-mediated resistance and transport. PLoS One 2012; 7:e30697. [PMID: 22355323 PMCID: PMC3280247 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0030697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2011] [Accepted: 12/23/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Acquired resistance of cancer cells to various chemotherapeutic agents is known as multidrug resistance, and remains a critical factor in the success of cancer treatment. It is necessary to develop the inhibitors for multidrug resistance. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of eight α-adrenoceptor antagonists on ABCG2/BCRP-mediated resistance and transport. Previously established HeLa/SN100 cells, which overexpress ABCG2/BCRP but not ABCB1/MDR1, were used. The effects of the antagonists on sensitivity to mitoxantrone and the transport activity of Hoehst33342, both substrates for ABCG2/BCRP, were evaluated using the WST-1 assay and cellular kinetics, respectively. ABCG2/BCRP mRNA expression and the cell cycle were also examined by real-time RT-PCR and flow cytometry, respectively. Sensitivity to mitoxantrone was reversed by the α-adrenoceptor antagonists in a concentration-dependent manner, although such effects were also found in the parental HeLa cells. Levels of ABCG2/BCRP mRNA expression were not influenced by the antagonists. The transport activity of Hoechst33342 was decreased by doxazosin and prazosin, but unaffected by the other antagonists. In addition, doxazosin and prazosin increased the proportion of S phase cells in the cultures treated with mitoxantrone, whereas the other α-adrenoceptor antagonists increased the percentage of cells in G2/M phase. These findings suggested that doxazosin and prazosin reversed resistance mainly by inhibiting ABCG2/BCRP-mediated transport, but the others affected sensitivity to mitoxantrone via a different mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohji Takara
- Department of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Himeji Dokkyo University, Himeji, Japan.
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16
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Liao CH, Guh JH, Chueh SC, Yu HJ. Anti-angiogenic effects and mechanism of prazosin. Prostate 2011; 71:976-84. [PMID: 21541974 DOI: 10.1002/pros.21313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2010] [Accepted: 10/26/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alpha1-adrenoceptors antagonists (doxazosin, terazosin, prazosin) are commonly prescribed for benign prostate hyperplasia and hypertension. Doxazosin and terazosin exhibit anti-angiogenic effects and apoptotic activities against multiple cell types and are potential preventive agents for prostate cancer. Prazosin induces apoptosis in three prostate cancer cell lines. We hypothesized that prazosin, a more potent alpha1-adrenoceptor antagonist with a distinct mechanism, exhibits anti-angiogenic activity. METHODS We examined the effect of prazosin on growth and tube formation of human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs). We used flow cytometry to assess the effect of prazosin on cell cycle progression and Western blotting to assess its effect on the expression of various apoptotic proteins. RESULTS Prazosin inhibited the growth of HUVEC with an IC(50) of 6.53 µM and suppressed tube formation in a dose-dependent manner. Unlike prostate cancer cells, prazosin did not arrest cell cycle progression at the G2/M checkpoint. We used rhodamine 123 staining to show that prazosin (20 µM) treatment induced a loss of mitochondrial membrane potential by 12 hr. Prazosin treatment of HUVECs resulted in reduced MCL-1 expression, increased Bad, and Bcl-xL expression, cytochrome c release, and induction of apoptosis via the intrinsic apoptosis pathway. Prazosin induced apoptosis in prostate cancer cells and normal HUVEC cells via different mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that prazosin exhibits anti-angiogenic activity and differentially modulates apoptotic pathways depending on the cell type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hou Liao
- Department of Surgery, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan
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17
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Manoussakis MN, Spachidou MP, Maratheftis CI. Salivary epithelial cells from Sjogren's syndrome patients are highly sensitive to anoikis induced by TLR-3 ligation. J Autoimmun 2010; 35:212-8. [PMID: 20685081 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2010.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In certain types of cells, Toll-like receptor-3 (TLR-3) ligation by viral dsRNA induces apoptotic death, likely engaged into the elimination of virus-infected cells. We have previously shown that TLR-3 ligation on cultured non-neoplastic salivary gland epithelial cells (SGEC) with polyI:C (a synthetic analogue of viral dsRNA) results in the induction of surface immunoactive molecules, however, the pro-apoptotic effect of such signaling has not been addressed. In this study, polyI:C-treated SGEC were found to suffer severe detachment from substratum and subsequent apoptosis, a phenomenon suggestive of anoikis or anoikia (detachment-induced apoptosis). PolyI:C-induced anoikis in SGEC was associated with the upregulation of the pro-apoptotic Bmf, BimEL and Bax and the down-regulation of the pro-survival Bcl-2 (real-time PCR analyses). Finally, the comparative analysis of SGEC lines derived from primary Sjogren's syndrome (SS) patients (SS-SGEC) and non-SS controls had revealed that SS-SGEC are particularly susceptible to TLR-3-induced anoikis, as it was triggered by suboptimally low concentrations of polyI:C. This finding correlated with significantly higher constitutive surface TLR-3 expression by SS-SGEC, a feature indicative of their intrinsic activation status. In conclusion, TLR-3 signaling pathway in the salivary epithelium appears to extend beyond the induction of innate immune responses and to involve the activation of programmed-cell death via anoikis. In the same context, the increased vulnerability of SS-SGEC to the injurious effect of TLR-3 ligation is likely associated with the intrinsic activation processes that apparently operate in the epithelia of SS patients, and a feature of key pathogenetic importance for the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menelaos N Manoussakis
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Department of Pathophysiology, Medical School, National University of Athens, Greece.
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18
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Kyprianou N, Vaughan TB, Michel MC. Apoptosis induction by doxazosin and other quinazoline alpha1-adrenoceptor antagonists: a new mechanism for cancer treatment? Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2009; 380:473-7. [PMID: 19904527 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-009-0462-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2009] [Accepted: 10/01/2009] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Doxazosin and related, quinazoline-based alpha(1)-adrenoceptor antagonists can induce apoptosis in prostate and various other normal, benign, smooth muscle, endothelial and malignant cells. Such apoptosis-inducing effects occur independently of alpha(1)-adrenoceptor antagonism and typically require much high concentrations than those required for receptor occupancy. Several studies have invested efforts towards the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms underlying doxazosin-induced apoptosis. These include various tumor cells, cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells and bladder smooth muscle cells. While the high concentrations of doxazosin required to induce apoptosis challenge the use of this and related drugs for clinical optimization of apoptosis induction, such quinazoline structure may represent chemical starting points to develop more potent apoptosis-inducing agents free of alpha(1)-adrenoceptor antagonistic action and suitable for cancer treatment with minimal and well-tolerated side effects.
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Chang KL, Cheng HL, Huang LW, Hsieh BS, Hu YC, Chih TT, Shyu HW, Su SJ. Combined effects of terazosin and genistein on a metastatic, hormone-independent human prostate cancer cell line. Cancer Lett 2009; 276:14-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2008.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2008] [Revised: 09/25/2008] [Accepted: 10/21/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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20
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Fraser CC. G protein-coupled receptor connectivity to NF-kappaB in inflammation and cancer. Int Rev Immunol 2009; 27:320-50. [PMID: 18853342 DOI: 10.1080/08830180802262765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Complex intracellular network interactions regulate gene expression and cellular behavior. Whether at the site of inflammation or within a tumor, individual cells are exposed to a plethora of signals. The transcription factor nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) regulates genes that control key cellular activities involved in inflammatory diseases and cancer. NF-kappaB is regulated by several distinct signaling pathways that may be activated individually or simultaneously. Multiple ligands and heterologous cell-cell interactions have an impact on NF-kappaB activity. The G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily makes up the largest class of transmembrane receptors in the human genome and has multiple molecularly distinct natural ligands. GPCRs regulate proliferation, differentiation, and chemotaxis and play a major role in inflammatory diseases and cancer. Both GPCRs and NF-kappaB have been, and continue to be, major targets for drug discovery. A clear understanding of network interactions between GPCR signaling pathways and those that control NF-kB may be valuable for the development of better drugs and drug combinations.
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21
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Jones JO, Diamond MI. A cellular conformation-based screen for androgen receptor inhibitors. ACS Chem Biol 2008; 3:412-8. [PMID: 18582038 DOI: 10.1021/cb800054w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The androgen receptor (AR), a member of the steroid nuclear receptor family of transcription factors, regulates a wide range of physiological processes. Androgen signaling is also associated with numerous human diseases, including prostate cancer. All current antiandrogen therapies reduce ligand access to AR, whether by competitive antagonism or inhibition of androgen production, but are limited by acquired resistance and serious side-effects. Thus, novel antiandrogens that target events subsequent to ligand binding could have important therapeutic value. We developed a high throughput assay that exploits fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) to measure ligand-induced conformation change in AR. We directly compared this assay to a transcription-based assay in a screen of FDA-approved compounds and natural products. The FRET-based screen identified compounds with previously unrecognized antiandrogen activities, with equivalent sensitivity and superior specificity compared to a reporter-based screen. This approach can thus improve the identification of small molecule AR inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy O. Jones
- Departments of Neurology and Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143-2280
| | - Marc I. Diamond
- Departments of Neurology and Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143-2280
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22
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Prazosin displays anticancer activity against human prostate cancers: targeting DNA and cell cycle. Neoplasia 2007; 9:830-9. [PMID: 17971903 DOI: 10.1593/neo.07475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2007] [Revised: 08/11/2007] [Accepted: 08/14/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Quinazoline-based alpha1-adrenoceptor antagonists, in particular doxazosin and terazosin, are suggested to display antineoplastic activity against prostate cancers. However, there are few studies elucidating the effect of prazosin. In this study, prazosin displayed antiproliferative activity superior to that of other alpha1-blockers, including doxazosin, terazosin, tamsulosin, and phentolamine. Prazosin induced G2 checkpoint arrest and subsequent apoptosis in prostate cancer PC-3, DU-145, and LNCaP cells. In p53-null PC-3 cells, prazosin induced an increase in DNA strand breaks and ATM/ATR checkpoint pathways, leading to the activation of downstream signaling cascades, including Cdc25c phosphorylation at Ser216, nuclear export of Cdc25c, and cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) 1 phosphorylation at Tyr15. The data, together with sustained elevated cyclin A levels (other than cyclin B1 levels), suggested that Cdk1 activity was inactivated by prazosin. Moreover, prazosin triggered mitochondria-mediated and caspase-executed apoptotic pathways in PC-3 cells. The oral administration of prazosin significantly reduced tumor mass in PC-3-derived cancer xenografts in nude mice. In summary, we suggest that prazosin is a potential antitumor agent that induces cell apoptosis through the induction of DNA damage stress, leading to Cdk1 inactivation and G2 checkpoint arrest. Subsequently, mitochondria-mediated caspase cascades are triggered to induce apoptosis in PC-3 cells.
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Murtola TJ, Tammela TLJ, Määttänen L, Hakama M, Auvinen A. Prostate cancer risk among users of finasteride and alpha-blockers - a population based case-control study. Eur J Cancer 2007; 43:775-81. [PMID: 17251005 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2006.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2006] [Revised: 11/30/2006] [Accepted: 12/01/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Finasteride has been reported to reduce prostate cancer risk in asymptomatic men. However, in clinical practice finasteride and alpha-blockers are used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). We evaluated prostate cancer risk among users of BPH pharmacotherapy at the population level. Comprehensive Finnish national registries provided information on 24723 prostate cancer cases and controls. Overall, prostate cancer risk was elevated among users of both drug categories compared to non-users (odds ratio, OR=1.41; 95% confidence interval, CI 1.31-1.51 for finasteride and OR=1.79; 95% CI 1.67-1.91 for alpha-blockers). However, the risk was lower among finasteride users when compared with alpha-blocker users (OR=0.80; 95% CI 0.64-1.00). Regular finasteride users had the lowest risk. The increased risk is probably due to enhanced diagnostics of prostate cancer in men with BPH. Finasteride use does not decrease prostate cancer incidence compared with non-users. Nevertheless, the risk is lower when compared with alpha-blocker users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teemu J Murtola
- University of Tampere, School of Public Health, 33014 Tampere, Finland.
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Minarini A, Bolognesi ML, Tumiatti V, Melchiorre C. Recent advances in the design and synthesis of prazosin derivatives. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2006; 1:395-407. [DOI: 10.1517/17460441.1.5.395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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25
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Davis BR, Arnett DK, Boerwinkle E, Ford CE, Leiendecker-Foster C, Miller MB, Black H, Eckfeldt JH. Antihypertensive therapy, the alpha-adducin polymorphism, and cardiovascular disease in high-risk hypertensive persons: the Genetics of Hypertension-Associated Treatment Study. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2006; 7:112-22. [PMID: 16702981 DOI: 10.1038/sj.tpj.6500395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In a double-blind, outcome trial conducted in hypertensive patients randomized to chlorthalidone (C), amlodipine (A), lisinopril (L), or doxazosin (D), the alpha-adducin Gly460Trp polymorphism was typed (n=36 913). Mean follow-up was 4.9 years. Relative risks (RRs) of chlorthalidone versus other treatments were compared between genotypes (Gly/Gly+Gly/Trp versus Trp/Trp). Primary outcome was coronary heart disease (CHD). Coronary heart disease incidence did not differ among treatments or genotypes nor was there any interaction between treatment and genotype (P=0.660). Subgroup analyses indicated that Trp allele carriers had greater CHD risk with C versus A+L in women (RR=1.31) but not men (RR=0.91) with no RR gender differences for non-carriers (gender-gene-treatment interaction, P=0.002). The alpha-adducin gene is not an important modifier of antihypertensive treatment on cardiovascular risk, but women Trp allele carriers may have increased CHD risk if treated with C versus A or L. This must be confirmed to have implications for hypertension treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- B R Davis
- School of Public Health, University of Texas-Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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26
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Reynolds AR, Kyprianou N. Growth factor signalling in prostatic growth: significance in tumour development and therapeutic targeting. Br J Pharmacol 2006; 147 Suppl 2:S144-52. [PMID: 16465179 PMCID: PMC1751493 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0706635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The intricate balance maintained between cell growth and proliferation factors and apoptosis-inducing factors is fundamental to the regulation of prostate growth. Disruptions in this homeostasis often trigger the loss of apoptosis and the over-expression of factors promoting cell survival and proliferation, inevitably leading to tumorigenesis and cancer. Deregulation of prostate growth during prostate cancer development and progression is characterized by apoptotic evasion, uncontrolled proliferation, and increased invasive potential. Thus, in advanced stages of disease progression, surviving prostate tumour cells acquire the ability to migrate and invade heterotopic tissues, with the bone and lymph nodes being the most common sites for human prostate cancer metastasis. The challenges in the implementation of effective therapeutic strategies for the treatment of advanced metastatic prostate cancer reflect the multidimensional nature and functional significance of antiapoptotic pathways in the emergence of therapeutic resistance of prostate tumours. In this chapter, we discuss the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing growth factor signalling pathways with often overlapping functions that contribute to loss of apoptosis control and activation of cell proliferation towards aggressive prostate tumorigenic growth and metastatic behaviour. While a full understanding of the prosurvival characteristics of these growth factor pathways is still evolving, the impact that growth factors such a epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factor-beta can be recognized by the vigorous attempts at therapeutic targeting of their key signalling steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arich Ryan Reynolds
- Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
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27
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Doggrell SA. After ALLHAT: doxazosin for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2005; 5:1957-64. [PMID: 15330733 DOI: 10.1517/14656566.5.9.1957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Doxazosin mesylate is an alpha1-adrenoceptor antagonist that was used to treat hypertension until a major study (ALLHAT; Antihypertensive and Lipid Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial) showed that it increased the risk of progressing to heart failure. Doxazosin is now being used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Noradrenaline acts on alpha1-adrenoceptors to contract the smooth muscle in the prostate and bladder, and by opposing these actions, doxazosin is beneficial in BPH. Doxazosin also increases apoptosis in the prostate. Although the standard preparation is suitable for once-daily dosing in BPH, it has to be titrated through three steps to its final dose. The controlled-release gastrointestinal therapeutic system (GITS) formulation of doxazosin is more convenient to use as it only has to be titrated through one step. In the treatment of BPH, standard doxazosin reduced both obstructive and irritative symptoms and increased peak urinary flow rate. The main side effects with doxazosin are those commonly associated with lowering blood pressure, although doxazosin lowers blood pressure to a lesser extent in normotensives than hypertensives. There is some evidence that in addition to being easier to use, doxazosin GITS may cause less adverse effects than the standard preparations. The benefits of doxazosin and the 5alpha-reductase inhibitor, finasteride, may be additive in BPH especially in men with large prostates. Further trials are necessary in order to determine whether doxazosin GITS is superior to other alpha1-adrenoceptor antagonists in BPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila A Doggrell
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia.
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