The role of androgens in hormone replacement therapy

Controversies on clitoroplasty

A review of the literature regarding the current state of knowledge of the anatomic and physiologic features of the female clitoris was conducted. Based on this evaluation, operations on the clitoris were reviewed. The anatomic and physiologic reconstruction problems of surgical techniques for female pseudohermaphroditism that have previously been reported were reviewed. The author suggests that clitoroplasty is essential for patients with ambiguous genitalia, but the decision regarding the correct procedure, taking into account anatomic and physiologic success, can be controversial. This may be because of unclear anatomic and physiologic definitions, even for healthy people. As a temporary solution, more conservative procedures for maximally effective treatment are suggested.

Female Androgen Insufficiency

FAI, seen commonly and often caused by aging and ovarian dysfunction, still presents a challenge to clinicians because of some unresolved and unattended aspects of the condition, including standardized diagnosis and management. Although the use of androgens in women who have FAI has been shown to be effective, there are no FDA approved androgen preparations available at this time for women. Large scale, long-term, controlled trials focusing on establishment of valid and standardized diagnosis and treatment options are needed.