1
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Martínez-Puente DH, Pérez-Trujillo JJ, Zavala-Flores LM, García-García A, Villanueva-Olivo A, Rodríguez-Rocha H, Valdés J, Saucedo-Cárdenas O, Montes de Oca-Luna R, Loera-Arias MDJ. Plasmid DNA for Therapeutic Applications in Cancer. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14091861. [PMID: 36145609 PMCID: PMC9503848 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, the interest in using nucleic acids for therapeutic applications has been increasing. DNA molecules can be manipulated to express a gene of interest for gene therapy applications or vaccine development. Plasmid DNA can be developed to treat different diseases, such as infections and cancer. In most cancers, the immune system is limited or suppressed, allowing cancer cells to grow. DNA vaccination has demonstrated its capacity to stimulate the immune system to fight against cancer cells. Furthermore, plasmids for cancer gene therapy can direct the expression of proteins with different functions, such as enzymes, toxins, and cytotoxic or proapoptotic proteins, to directly kill cancer cells. The progress and promising results reported in animal models in recent years have led to interesting clinical results. These DNA strategies are expected to be approved for cancer treatment in the near future. This review discusses the main strategies, challenges, and future perspectives of using plasmid DNA for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José Juan Pérez-Trujillo
- Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon (UANL), Monterrey 64460, Mexico
| | - Laura Mireya Zavala-Flores
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Northeast Biomedical Research Center (CIBIN) of IMSS, Nuevo Leon Delegation, Monterrey 64720, Mexico
| | - Aracely García-García
- Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon (UANL), Monterrey 64460, Mexico
| | - Arnulfo Villanueva-Olivo
- Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon (UANL), Monterrey 64460, Mexico
| | - Humberto Rodríguez-Rocha
- Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon (UANL), Monterrey 64460, Mexico
| | - Jesús Valdés
- Departamento de Bioquímica, CINVESTAV-México, Av. IPN 2508, Colonia San Pedro Zacatenco, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - Odila Saucedo-Cárdenas
- Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon (UANL), Monterrey 64460, Mexico
| | - Roberto Montes de Oca-Luna
- Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon (UANL), Monterrey 64460, Mexico
- Correspondence: (R.M.d.O.-L.); (M.d.J.L.-A.); Tel.: +52-81-8329-4195 (R.M.d.O.-L. & M.d.J.L.-A.)
| | - María de Jesús Loera-Arias
- Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon (UANL), Monterrey 64460, Mexico
- Correspondence: (R.M.d.O.-L.); (M.d.J.L.-A.); Tel.: +52-81-8329-4195 (R.M.d.O.-L. & M.d.J.L.-A.)
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2
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Yadav K, Singh D, Singh MR, Minz S, Sahu KK, Kaurav M, Pradhan M. Dermal nanomedicine: Uncovering the ability of nucleic acid to alleviate autoimmune and other related skin disorders. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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3
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Moses AS, Demessie AA, Taratula O, Korzun T, Slayden OD, Taratula O. Nanomedicines for Endometriosis: Lessons Learned from Cancer Research. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2004975. [PMID: 33491876 PMCID: PMC7928207 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202004975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Endometriosis is an incurable gynecological disease characterized by the abnormal growth of endometrium-like tissue, characteristic of the uterine lining, outside of the uterine cavity. Millions of people with endometriosis suffer from pelvic pain and infertility. This review aims to discuss whether nanomedicines that are promising therapeutic approaches for various diseases have the potential to create a paradigm shift in endometriosis management. For the first time, the available reports and achievements in the field of endometriosis nanomedicine are critically evaluated, and a summary of how nanoparticle-based systems can improve endometriosis treatment and diagnosis is provided. Parallels between cancer and endometriosis are also drawn to understand whether some fundamental principles of the well-established cancer nanomedicine field can be adopted for the development of novel nanoparticle-based strategies for endometriosis. This review provides the state of the art of endometriosis nanomedicine and perspective for researchers aiming to realize and exploit the full potential of nanoparticles for treatment and imaging of the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham S Moses
- College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, 2730 S Moody Avenue, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Ananiya A Demessie
- College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, 2730 S Moody Avenue, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Olena Taratula
- College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, 2730 S Moody Avenue, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Tetiana Korzun
- College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, 2730 S Moody Avenue, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Ov D Slayden
- Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, 505 NW 185th Avenue, Beaverton, OR, 97006, USA
| | - Oleh Taratula
- College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, 2730 S Moody Avenue, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
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4
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Johari B, Rezaeejam H, Moradi M, Taghipour Z, Saltanatpour Z, Mortazavi Y, Nasehi L. Increasing the colon cancer cells sensitivity toward radiation therapy via application of Oct4-Sox2 complex decoy oligodeoxynucleotides. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:6793-6805. [PMID: 32865703 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05737-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Low sensitivity of cancer stem cells toward regular cancer therapy strategies is an important issue in the field of cancer remedy. The concept of cancer stem cell elimination has been a topic of interest in the field of molecular medicine for a long time. At the current study, it was aimed to elevate the sensitivity of cancer stem-like cells toward radiotherapy by treating with Oct4-Sox2 complex decoy oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs). After treating HT29 and HT29-ShE cells with Oct4-Sox2 complex decoy ODNs, and analyzing the cellular uptake and localization of decoys, treated cells and control groups were subjected to irradiation by fractionated 6MV X-ray with a final dose of 2 Gy. Thereafter, the influence of radiotherapy on ODNs treated groups and control group was investigated on cell viability, cell cycle, apoptosis, colonosphere formation and scratch assay. Cellular uptake and localization assays demonstrated that decoy ODNs can efficiently be transfected to the cells and reside in subcellular compartment, where they pose their action on gene regulation. Post radiotherapy analysis indicated statistical significance in decoy ODNs treated cells by means of lower cell viability, cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase, increased cellular apoptosis, and reduced cell motility. Also, formed colonospheres were smaller in size and fewer in numbers. Considering the role of Oct4, and Sox2 transcription factors in signaling pathways of preserving stemness and inducing reverse EMT, application of decoy strategy could increase the sensitivity of cancer cells toward irradiation, which has a potential to eliminate the cancerous cells from tumors and support cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behrooz Johari
- Student Research Committee, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.,Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.,Zanjan Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Hamed Rezaeejam
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Vali-e-Asr Hospital, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.,Department of Radiology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Moradi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zahraa Taghipour
- Student Research Committee, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Zohreh Saltanatpour
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yousef Mortazavi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.,Cancer Gene Therapy Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Leila Nasehi
- Student Research Committee, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran. .,Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Paramedical Sciences, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
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5
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Begum AA, Toth I, Hussein WM, Moyle PM. Advances in Targeted Gene Delivery. Curr Drug Deliv 2020; 16:588-608. [PMID: 31142250 DOI: 10.2174/1567201816666190529072914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gene therapy has the potential to treat both acquired and inherited genetic diseases. Generally, two types of gene delivery vectors are used - viral vectors and non-viral vectors. Non-viral gene delivery systems have attracted significant interest (e.g. 115 gene therapies approved for clinical trials in 2018; clinicaltrials.gov) due to their lower toxicity, lack of immunogenicity and ease of production compared to viral vectors. To achieve the goal of maximal therapeutic efficacy with minimal adverse effects, the cell-specific targeting of non-viral gene delivery systems has attracted research interest. Targeting through cell surface receptors; the enhanced permeability and retention effect, or pH differences are potential means to target genes to specific organs, tissues, or cells. As for targeting moieties, receptorspecific ligand peptides, antibodies, aptamers and affibodies have been incorporated into synthetic nonviral gene delivery vectors to fulfill the requirement of active targeting. This review provides an overview of different potential targets and targeting moieties to target specific gene delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjuman A Begum
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences (SCMB), The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Australia.,School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, 4102, Australia
| | - Istvan Toth
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences (SCMB), The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Australia.,School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, 4102, Australia.,Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, St Lucia 4072, Australia
| | - Waleed M Hussein
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences (SCMB), The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Australia
| | - Peter M Moyle
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, 4102, Australia
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6
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalyani Prusty
- Department of Chemistry, Veer Surendra Sai University of Technology, Burla, Sambalpur, Odisha, India
| | - Sarat K. Swain
- Department of Chemistry, Veer Surendra Sai University of Technology, Burla, Sambalpur, Odisha, India
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7
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Chen X, Luo Y, Jia G, Liu G, Zhao H, Huang Z. FTO Promotes Adipogenesis through Inhibition of the Wnt/β-catenin Signaling Pathway in Porcine Intramuscular Preadipocytes. Anim Biotechnol 2017; 28:268-274. [PMID: 28267420 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2016.1273835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have demonstrated that FTO plays an important role in adipogenesis. Herein, we designed a small interfering RNA targeting FTO to knock down its endogenous expression and investigated its effects on the proliferation and differentiation of porcine intramuscular preadipocytes. Its possible mechanism was also investigated. We showed that FTO silencing significantly decreased the level of phospho-Histone H3 protein and inhibited the proliferation of porcine intramuscular preadipocytes. In addition, the expressions of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and CAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBPα) were down-regulated, but the expression of β-catenin was up-regulated, by FTO silencing. Of specific interest here was that LiCl, a Wnt/β-catenin signaling specific activator, attenuated the FTO-induced upregulation of PPARγ and downregulation of β-catenin. Collectively, our data demonstrated that FTO silence decreased the proliferation and differentiation of porcine intramuscular preadipocytes, and FTO affects the porcine intramuscular preadipocytes differentiation might be via Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Chen
- a Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education , Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu , Sichuan , P. R. China
| | - Yanliu Luo
- a Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education , Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu , Sichuan , P. R. China
| | - Gang Jia
- a Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education , Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu , Sichuan , P. R. China
| | - Guangmang Liu
- a Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education , Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu , Sichuan , P. R. China
| | - Hua Zhao
- a Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education , Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu , Sichuan , P. R. China
| | - Zhiqing Huang
- a Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education , Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu , Sichuan , P. R. China
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8
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Yu D, Li S, Wang S, Li X, Zhu M, Huang S, Sun L, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Wang S. Development and Characterization of VEGF165-Chitosan Nanoparticles for the Treatment of Radiation-Induced Skin Injury in Rats. Mar Drugs 2016; 14:md14100182. [PMID: 27727163 PMCID: PMC5082330 DOI: 10.3390/md14100182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation-induced skin injury, which remains a serious concern in radiation therapy, is currently believed to be the result of vascular endothelial cell injury and apoptosis. Here, we established a model of acute radiation-induced skin injury and compared the effect of different vascular growth factors on skin healing by observing the changes of microcirculation and cell apoptosis. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was more effective at inhibiting apoptosis and preventing injury progression than other factors. A new strategy for improving the bioavailability of vascular growth factors was developed by loading VEGF with chitosan nanoparticles. The VEGF-chitosan nanoparticles showed a protective effect on vascular endothelial cells, improved the local microcirculation, and delayed the development of radioactive skin damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daojiang Yu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China.
- Department of Pathology, School of Biology & Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Shan Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China.
| | - Xiujie Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China.
| | - Minsheng Zhu
- Department of Pathology, School of Biology & Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Shai Huang
- Department of Pathology, School of Biology & Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Pathology, School of Biology & Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Yongsheng Zhang
- Department of Pathology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China.
| | - Yanli Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Shouli Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Biology & Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
- Institute of Radiology & Oncology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Pathology, Suzhou 215123, China.
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9
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Fowler DK, Williams C, Gerritsen AT, Washbourne P. Improved knockdown from artificial microRNAs in an enhanced miR-155 backbone: a designer's guide to potent multi-target RNAi. Nucleic Acids Res 2015; 44:e48. [PMID: 26582923 PMCID: PMC4797272 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv1246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Artificial microRNA (amiRNA) sequences embedded in natural microRNA (miRNA) backbones have proven to be useful tools for RNA interference (RNAi). amiRNAs have reduced off-target and toxic effects compared to other RNAi-based methods such as short-hairpin RNAs (shRNA). amiRNAs are often less effective for knockdown, however, compared to their shRNA counterparts. We screened a large empirically-designed amiRNA set in the synthetic inhibitory BIC/miR-155 RNA (SIBR) scaffold and show common structural and sequence-specific features associated with effective amiRNAs. We then introduced exogenous motifs into the basal stem region which increase amiRNA biogenesis and knockdown potency. We call this modified backbone the enhanced SIBR (eSIBR) scaffold. Using chained amiRNAs for multi-gene knockdown, we show that concatenation of miRNAs targeting different genes is itself sufficient for increased knockdown efficacy. Further, we show that eSIBR outperforms wild-type SIBR (wtSIBR) when amiRNAs are chained. Finally, we use a lentiviral expression system in cultured neurons, where we again find that eSIBR amiRNAs are more potent for multi-target knockdown of endogenous genes. eSIBR will be a valuable tool for RNAi approaches, especially for studies where knockdown of multiple targets is desired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel K Fowler
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - Carly Williams
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - Alida T Gerritsen
- Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA
| | - Philip Washbourne
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
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Abstract
The suppression of genes involved in tumor progression, metastasis formation, or therapy resistance by RNA interference is a promising tool to treat cancer disease. Efficient delivery of interfering molecules and their sustained presence in tumor cells are required for therapeutic success. This chapter describes a method of systemic application of shRNA expression plasmid via tail vein injection in xenograft mice, causing the sustained reduction of target gene expression in the primary tumor. By choosing S100A4 as a metastasis driving target gene, this therapeutic approach restricted the formation of distant colorectal cancer metastases after intrasplenic transplantation. In vivo imaging of bioluminescent cancer cells allows the monitoring of tumor growth and metastasis formation over time. End point analysis of the trial included scoring of the metastatic burden and the quantification of target gene expression in the tumor. Average S100A4 expression in tumor tissues was reduced by 30 %, causing a 70 % decrease of liver metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Dahlmann
- Translational Oncology of Solid Tumors, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité University Medicine Berlin and Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany,
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11
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Liu S, Long G, Wei H, Shi L, Yang Z, Liu D, Hu G, Qiu H. DJ-1 knockdown inhibits growth and xenograft‑induced tumor generation of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Oncol Rep 2014; 33:201-6. [PMID: 25384406 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify potential downstream effectors of the oncogene DJ-1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines, and examine its role in the Akt signaling pathway and HCC oncogenesis. Expression of the DJ-1 protein was assessed by immunoblotting in several human HCC cell lines. Knockdown of DJ-1 was achieved by transfecting DJ-1-specific short hairpin RNAs into the HepG2 HCC cell line. The effect of DJ-1 downregulation on phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and phosphorylated Akt was evaluated. In addition, cell cycle, proliferation, adhesion and invasion were analyzed in the DJ-1 knockdown of HepG2 cells. The growth of HepG2‑induced tumor was evaluated in a nude mouse model after DJ-1 silencing. Stable DJ-1 knockdown was achieved in HepG2 cells using a shRNA eukaryotic expression vector. Downregulation of DJ-1 increased PTEN expression but decreased phosphorylation of Akt in HepG2 cells. In addition, DJ-1 knockdown resulted in the decreased proliferation, adhesion and invasion of HepG2 cells in vitro, and inhibited the growth of HepG2-induced tumor in vivo. DJ-1 knockdown altered the malignant behavior of HepG2 cells, potentially through the Akt signaling pathway, suggesting a crucial role for DJ-1 in the oncogenesis of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunfang Liu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Guoxian Long
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Honglan Wei
- Department of Nephrology, Puai Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430033, P.R. China
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Zhifang Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Dongbo Liu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Guoqing Hu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Hong Qiu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
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12
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The sirtuin 3 expression profile is associated with pathological and clinical outcomes in colon cancer patients. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:871263. [PMID: 25105144 PMCID: PMC4101237 DOI: 10.1155/2014/871263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the correlation between Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) expression and the clinical outcome of patients with colon cancer. METHODS The tumor specimens from 127 patients with colon cancer were obtained for SIRT3 immunohistochemical staining. Patients were followed up. In in vitro study, SIRT3 gene was inhibited to observe the effects of SIRT3 on the biological behavior of cultured colon cells. RESULTS The SIRT3 expression level was found to be significantly associated with the lymph node metastasis (P < 0.001) and tumor stages (P < 0.001). The colon cancer-specific survival was 64.6% among patients with high SIRT3 expressions and 88.6% among patients with low SIRT3 expressions (log-rank P = 0.016). The overall survival was 80.2% among patients with low SIRT3 expressions and 55.9% among patients with high SIRT3 expressions (log-rank P = 0.002). In vitro study showed that silencing of SIRT3 gene inhibited the proliferation, invasion, and cells migration but increased the apoptosis in the cultured colon cell lines. CONCLUSION This study provides evidence supporting that SIRT3 is closely associated with the clinical outcomes of colon cancer. SIRT3 may be considered as a marker for colon cancer.
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13
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Devulapally R, Paulmurugan R. Polymer nanoparticles for drug and small silencing RNA delivery to treat cancers of different phenotypes. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 6:40-60. [PMID: 23996830 PMCID: PMC3865230 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Revised: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Advances in nanotechnology have provided powerful and efficient tools in the development of cancer diagnosis and therapy. There are numerous nanocarriers that are currently approved for clinical use in cancer therapy. In recent years, biodegradable polymer nanoparticles have attracted a considerable attention for their ability to function as a possible carrier for target-specific delivery of various drugs, genes, proteins, peptides, vaccines, and other biomolecules in humans without much toxicity. This review will specifically focus on the recent advances in polymer-based nanocarriers for various drugs and small silencing RNA's loading and delivery to treat different types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rammohan Devulapally
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA
| | - Ramasamy Paulmurugan
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA
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14
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Dahlmann M, Sack U, Herrmann P, Lemm M, Fichtner I, Schlag PM, Stein U. Systemic shRNA mediated knock down of S100A4 in colorectal cancer xenografted mice reduces metastasis formation. Oncotarget 2013; 3:783-97. [PMID: 22878175 PMCID: PMC3478456 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The metastasis-inducing protein S100A4 was found to be a prognostic indicator for the development of metachronous metastases. S100A4 expression levels correlate with the formation of human colorectal cancer metastases and shorter patients’ survival. Inhibition of S100A4 expression in patients might therefore result in decreased metastasis formation and prolonged survival. In the present study, we used shRNA expression plasmids to inhibit S100A4 expression in the colorectal cancer cell lines HCT116, SW620 and DLD-1. Cell lines with reduced S100A4 expression showed reduced cell migration and invasion in vitro. The knock-down of S100A4 expression also led to significantly diminished formation of liver metastases when intrasplenically transplanted in mice (P = 0.004). We then focused on the therapeutic potential of systemically applied shRNA expression plasmids acting on S100A4 via repeated hydrodynamics-based tail vein injection of plasmid DNA. Mice, intrasplenically transplanted with HCT116 cells and treated systemically with S100A4-shRNA plasmids, showed a decrease of S100A4 and MMP9 expression levels, resulting in significantly reduced liver metastases (P = 0.005). In summary, we show for the first time the intratumoral knock-down of S100A4 via systemic application of S100A4-shRNA plasmid DNA, which restricts metastasis formation in a xenografted mouse model of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Dahlmann
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, joint cooperation between Charité, Medical Faculty and Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
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Simultaneous knockdown of APRIL via multiple shRNAs reduces the malignancy of SW480 cells. Oncol Rep 2012; 28:1613-8. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2012.1980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Accepted: 06/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Liang W, Yang C, Qian Y, Fu Q. Effects of short-hairpin RNA-inhibited β-catenin expression on the growth of human multiple myeloma cells in vitro and in vivo. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 422:681-6. [PMID: 22609776 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.05.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2012] [Accepted: 05/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is thrombogenic as a consequence of multiple hemostatic effects. Overexpression of β-catenin has been observed in several types of malignant tumors, including MM. However, the relationship between β-catenin expression and MM remains unclear. In the present study, RNA interference was used to inhibit β-catenin expression in RPMI8226 cells. RT-PCR and Western blotting analyses showed that β-catenin mRNA and protein expression were markedly down-regulated by CTNNB1 shRNA. Western blotting showed that the protein levels of cyclin D1 and glutamine synthetase were downregulated and supported the transcriptional regulatory function of β-catenin. The MTT assay showed that CTNNB1 shRNA could have significant inhibitory effects on the proliferation of RPMI8226 cells. The TOPflash reporter assay demonstrated significant downregulation after CTNNB1 shRNA transfection in RPMI8226 cells. Flow cytometric analyses also showed significantly profound apoptosis in CTNNB1 shRNA cells. We found CTNNB1 silence led to growth inhibition of MM growth in vivo. Immunohistochemical analyses showed that c-myc and β-catenin were reduced in CTNNB1 shRNA tumor tissues, but that expression of cleaved caspase-3 was increased. These results show that β-catenin could be a new therapeutic agent that targets the biology of MM cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Liang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shaoxing People's Hospital, 568 Zhongxing North Road, Shaoxing 312000, PR China.
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Xie Y, Liu Y, Shen W, Zhang B, Liu Q. Survivin-specific small interfering RNAs enhance sensitivity of glioma U-87MG cells to paclitaxel by promoting apoptosis. Neural Regen Res 2012; 7:1013-9. [PMID: 25722690 PMCID: PMC4341272 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2012.13.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2011] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A survivin siRNA expression vector was transfected into glioma U-87MG cells and these cells were then treated with paclitaxel. The results showed that survivin-specific siRNA combined with paclitaxel treatment synergistically inhibited glioma U-87MG cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis. This treatment also inhibited the expression of the cell cycle regulatory proteins, survivin, cyclinD1, c-Myc and CDK4 and enhanced the sensitivity of U-87MG cells to paclitaxel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunliang Xie
- Department of Neurology, First Clinical Hospital of Bethune Medical College of Jilin University, Changchun 130001, Jilin Province, China ; Department of Anatomy, Basic Medical College, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yanbo Liu
- Department of Anatomy, Basic Medical College, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, Jilin Province, China
| | - Weigao Shen
- Department of Anatomy, Basic Medical College, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, Jilin Province, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Basic Medical College, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, Jilin Province, China
| | - Qun Liu
- Department of Neurology, First Clinical Hospital of Bethune Medical College of Jilin University, Changchun 130001, Jilin Province, China
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Short-hairpin RNA-mediated Heat shock protein 90 gene silencing inhibits human breast cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 421:396-402. [PMID: 22521890 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2012] [Accepted: 04/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Hsp90 interacts with proteins that mediate signaling pathways involved in the regulation of essential processes such as proliferation, cell cycle control, angiogenesis and apoptosis. Hsp90 inhibition is therefore an attractive strategy for blocking abnormal pathways that are crucial for cancer cell growth. In the present study, the role of Hsp90 in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells was examined by stably silencing Hsp90 gene expression with an Hsp90-silencing vector (Hsp90-shRNA). RT-PCR and Western blot analyses showed that Hsp90-shRNA specifically and markedly down-regulated Hsp90 mRNA and protein expression. NF-kB and Akt protein levels were down-regulated in Hsp90-shRNA transfected cells, indicating that Hsp90 knockout caused a reduction of survival factors and induced apoptosis. Treatment with Hsp90-shRNA significantly increased apoptotic cell death and caused cell cycle arrest in the G1/S phase in MCF-7 cells, as shown by flow cytometry. Silencing of Hsp90 also reduced cell viability, as determined by MTT assay. In vivo experiments showed that MCF-7 cells stably transfected with Hsp90-shRNA grew slowly in nude mice as compared with control groups. In summary, the Hsp90-shRNA specifically silenced the Hsp90 gene, and inhibited MCF-7 cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Possible molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of Hsp90-shRNA include the degradation of Hsp90 breast cancer-related client proteins, the inhibition of survival signals and the upregulation of apoptotic pathways. shRNA-mediated interference may have potential therapeutic utility in human breast cancer.
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Xu Q, Guo L, Gu X, Zhang B, Hu X, Zhang J, Chen J, Wang Y, Chen C, Gao B, Kuang Y, Wang S. Prevention of colorectal cancer liver metastasis by exploiting liver immunity via chitosan-TPP/nanoparticles formulated with IL-12. Biomaterials 2012; 33:3909-18. [PMID: 22374455 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2012] [Accepted: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The development of effective therapies for the prevention of colorectal cancer (CRC) liver metastasis is of great importance. Recently, chitosan (CS) nanoparticles have been utilized as carriers of interluekin-12 (IL-12) administered locally to deliver therapeutic proteins and genes. In this study, we encapsulated IL-12 by incorporation using tripolyphosphate (TPP) as the coacervated crosslinking agent to form CS-TPP/IL-12 nanoparticles. We further characterized the association efficiency, rate of release, liver-targeting, and toxicity, which were predominantly dependent on the factors of particle size, zeta potential, pH of solution, and whether or not modified with TPP. Systemic delivery of CS-TPP/IL-12 nanoparticles significantly reduced the number and volume of CRC liver metastasis foci compared to the CS-TPP treated mouse group. Although delivery of IL-12 alone also inhibited the number of CRC liver metastasis observed, further study of the change in hepatic metastasis volume demonstrated no significant differences between the groups treated with CS-TPP or IL-12 alone. Mechanistically, CS-TPP nanoparticles blocked the toxicity of IL-12 and induced infiltration of NK cells and some T cells, which are most likely the effector cells that mediate tumor metastasis inhibition during CS-TPP/IL-12 immunotherapy. The results obtained from this study demonstrate the potential benefit of using chitosan modification technology as a cytokine delivery system for the successful prevention of CRC liver metastasis by exploiting liver immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongming Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Soochow University College of Pharmaceutical Science, Suzhou 215123, China
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Wang F, Ding W, Wang J, Jing R, Wang X, Cong H, Wang Y, Ju S, Wang H. Identification of microRNA-target interaction in APRIL-knockdown colorectal cancer cells. Cancer Gene Ther 2011; 18:500-9. [PMID: 21597503 DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2011.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate mammalian gene expression by targeting mRNAs and have key roles in several cellular processes, including differentiation, development, apoptosis and cancer pathomechanisms. Our previous studies have confirmed that a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL) gene is overexpressed in colorectal cancer (CRC) tumors and SW480 cells. To study the potential mechanisms of APRIL gene in the occurrence and development of the CRC, herein, we investigated whether APRIL-knockdown had the inhibitory effect on the growth of SW480 cells and had the simultaneous expression changes of miRNAs and mRNAs by microarrays. Our results suggest that siRNA-APRIL can effectively inhibit the growth of SW480 cells in vitro and in vivo and several miRNAs via specific pathways might be involved in regulating the phenotype of loss-of-function in APRIL-knockdown SW480 cells. Thus, our study highlights the possible mechanisms of miRNA-target regulating the function of APRIL gene in CRC cells, moreover, siRNA-APRIL holds great promise as a novel gene therapy approach for APRIL- positive CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Center, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, China
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION The field of RNA interference technology has been researched extensively in recent years. However, the development of clinically suitable, safe and effective drug delivery vehicles is still required. AREAS COVERED This paper reviews the recent advances of non-viral delivery of small interfering RNA (siRNA) by nanoparticles, including biodegradable nanoparticles, liposomes, polyplex, lipoplex and dendrimers. The characteristics, composition, preparation, applications and advantages of different nanoparticle delivery strategies are also discussed in detail, along with the recent progress of non-viral nanoparticle carrier systems for siRNA delivery in preclinical and clinical studies. EXPERT OPINION Non-viral carrier systems, especially nanoparticles, have been investigated extensively for siRNA delivery, and may be utilized in clinical applications in the future. So far, a few preliminary clinical trials of nanoparticles have produced promising results. However, further research is still required to pave the way to successful clinical applications. The most important issues that need to be focused on include encapsulation efficiency, formulation stability of siRNA, degradation in circulation, endosomal escape and delivery efficiency, targeting, toxicity and off-target effects. Pharmacology and pharmacokinetic studies also present another great challenge for nanoparticle delivery systems, owing to the unique nature of siRNA oligonucleotides compared with small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Yuan
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Arnold & Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy, Long Island University, 75 DeKalb Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11201-5497, USA.
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Henriksen JR, Haug BH, Buechner J, Tømte E, Løkke C, Flaegstad T, Einvik C. Conditional expression of retrovirally delivered anti-MYCN shRNA as an in vitro model system to study neuronal differentiation in MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma. BMC DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2011; 11:1. [PMID: 21194500 PMCID: PMC3022612 DOI: 10.1186/1471-213x-11-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2010] [Accepted: 01/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Neuroblastoma is a childhood cancer derived from immature cells of the sympathetic nervous system. The disease is clinically heterogeneous, ranging from neuronal differentiated benign ganglioneuromas to aggressive metastatic tumours with poor prognosis. Amplification of the MYCN oncogene is a well established poor prognostic factor found in up to 40% of high risk neuroblastomas. Using neuroblastoma cell lines to study neuronal differentiation in vitro is now well established. Several protocols, including exposure to various agents and growth factors, will differentiate neuroblastoma cell lines into neuron-like cells. These cells are characterized by a neuronal morphology with long extensively branched neurites and expression of several neurospecific markers. Results In this study we use retrovirally delivered inducible short-hairpin RNA (shRNA) modules to knock down MYCN expression in MYCN-amplified (MNA) neuroblastoma cell lines. By addition of the inducer doxycycline, we show that the Kelly and SK-N-BE(2) neuroblastoma cell lines efficiently differentiate into neuron-like cells with an extensive network of neurites. These cells are further characterized by increased expression of the neuronal differentiation markers NFL and GAP43. In addition, we show that induced expression of retrovirally delivered anti-MYCN shRNA inhibits cell proliferation by increasing the fraction of MNA neuroblastoma cells in the G1 phase of the cell cycle and that the clonogenic growth potential of these cells was also dramatically reduced. Conclusion We have developed an efficient MYCN-knockdown in vitro model system to study neuronal differentiation in MNA neuroblastomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jørn R Henriksen
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of North-Norway, 9038 Tromsø, Norway
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Ren X, Ma Y, Xu M, Chen T, Zhang Z, Zhang Y. Construction, modification and evaluation of apolipoprotein A-I promoter-driven shRNA expression vectors against hTERT. Plasmid 2011; 65:42-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plasmid.2010.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2010] [Revised: 11/04/2010] [Accepted: 11/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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