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Yuan W, Shi X, Lee LTO. RNA therapeutics in targeting G protein-coupled receptors: Recent advances and challenges. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2024; 35:102195. [PMID: 38741614 PMCID: PMC11089380 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2024.102195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the major targets of existing drugs for a plethora of human diseases and dominate the pharmaceutical market. However, over 50% of the GPCRs remain undruggable. To pursue a breakthrough and overcome this situation, there is significant clinical research for developing RNA-based drugs specifically targeting GPCRs, but none has been approved so far. RNA therapeutics represent a unique and promising approach to selectively targeting previously undruggable targets, including undruggable GPCRs. However, the development of RNA therapeutics faces significant challenges in areas of RNA stability and efficient in vivo delivery. This review presents an overview of the advances in RNA therapeutics and the diverse types of nanoparticle RNA delivery systems. It also describes the potential applications of GPCR-targeted RNA drugs for various human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanjun Yuan
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa 999078, Macau, China
| | - Xiangyang Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People’s Republic of China
| | - Leo Tsz On Lee
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa 999078, Macau, China
- Ministry of Education Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Taipa 999078, Macau, China
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Boboltz A, Kumar S, Duncan GA. Inhaled drug delivery for the targeted treatment of asthma. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 198:114858. [PMID: 37178928 PMCID: PMC10330872 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic lung disease affecting millions worldwide. While classically acknowledged to result from allergen-driven type 2 inflammatory responses leading to IgE and cytokine production and the influx of immune cells such as mast cells and eosinophils, the wide range in asthmatic pathobiological subtypes lead to highly variable responses to anti-inflammatory therapies. Thus, there is a need to develop patient-specific therapies capable of addressing the full spectrum of asthmatic lung disease. Moreover, delivery of targeted treatments for asthma directly to the lung may help to maximize therapeutic benefit, but challenges remain in design of effective formulations for the inhaled route. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of asthmatic disease progression as well as genetic and epigenetic disease modifiers associated with asthma severity and exacerbation of disease. We also overview the limitations of clinically available treatments for asthma and discuss pre-clinical models of asthma used to evaluate new therapies. Based on the shortcomings of existing treatments, we highlight recent advances and new approaches to treat asthma via inhalation for monoclonal antibody delivery, mucolytic therapy to target airway mucus hypersecretion and gene therapies to address underlying drivers of disease. Finally, we conclude with discussion on the prospects for an inhaled vaccine to prevent asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Boboltz
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, United States
| | - Sahana Kumar
- Biological Sciences Graduate Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, United States
| | - Gregg A Duncan
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, United States; Biological Sciences Graduate Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, United States.
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Marchalot A, Horiot C, Lambert JM, Carrion C, Oblet C, Pollet J, Cogné M, Moreau J, Laffleur B, Delpy L. Targeting IgE polyadenylation signal with antisense oligonucleotides decreases IgE secretion and plasma cell viability. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 149:1795-1801. [PMID: 34740604 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergy regroups numerous complex and various diseases classified as IgE-dependent or non-IgE-dependent hypersensitivities. IgEs are expressed as membrane and secreted forms by B cells and plasma cells, respectively. In IgE-mediated hypersensitivity, IgE secretion and binding to the high-affinity IgE receptor FcεRI on effector cells are responsible for the onset of allergic symptoms; in contrast, surface IgE expression as a B-cell receptor is barely detectable. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to test an innovative antisense approach to reducing IgE secretion. METHODS We designed an antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) targeting the polyadenylation signal of human secreted IgE to redirect IgE transcript polyadenylation from the secreted form to the membrane form. ASO treatments were performed on B cells from transgenic mice expressing humanized IgE (InEps mice), as well as on human primary B cells and myeloma cells. In vivo ASO delivery was tested by using an InEps mouse model. RESULTS We demonstrated that treatment with a morpholino ASO targeting the secreted IgE polyadenylation signal drastically decreased IgE secretion and inversely increased membrane IgE mRNA expression. In addition, ASO treatment induced apoptosis of IgE-expressing U266 myeloma cells, and RNA sequencing revealed attenuation of their plasma cell phenotype. Remarkably, systemic administration of an ASO coupled with Pip6a as an arginine-rich cell-penetrating peptide decreased IgE secretion in vivo. CONCLUSION Altogether, this ASO strategy could be an effective way to decrease IgE secretion and allergic symptoms in patients with IgE-dependent allergies, and it could also promote allergen tolerance through apoptosis of IgE+ antibody-secreting cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Marchalot
- UMR CNRS 7276 - INSERM U1262 - University of Limoges, Control of the B-Cell Immune Response and Lymphoproliferations, Limoges, France
| | - Catherine Horiot
- UMR CNRS 7276 - INSERM U1262 - University of Limoges, Control of the B-Cell Immune Response and Lymphoproliferations, Limoges, France
| | - Jean-Marie Lambert
- UMR CNRS 7276 - INSERM U1262 - University of Limoges, Control of the B-Cell Immune Response and Lymphoproliferations, Limoges, France
| | - Claire Carrion
- UMR CNRS 7276 - INSERM U1262 - University of Limoges, Control of the B-Cell Immune Response and Lymphoproliferations, Limoges, France
| | - Christelle Oblet
- UMR CNRS 7276 - INSERM U1262 - University of Limoges, Control of the B-Cell Immune Response and Lymphoproliferations, Limoges, France
| | - Justine Pollet
- BISCEm US 42 INSERM/UMS 2015 CNRS - University of Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Michel Cogné
- UMR CNRS 7276 - INSERM U1262 - University of Limoges, Control of the B-Cell Immune Response and Lymphoproliferations, Limoges, France; Etablissement Français du Sang, INSERM U1236, University of Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | - Jeanne Moreau
- UMR CNRS 7276 - INSERM U1262 - University of Limoges, Control of the B-Cell Immune Response and Lymphoproliferations, Limoges, France
| | - Brice Laffleur
- Etablissement Français du Sang, INSERM U1236, University of Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | - Laurent Delpy
- UMR CNRS 7276 - INSERM U1262 - University of Limoges, Control of the B-Cell Immune Response and Lymphoproliferations, Limoges, France.
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Mathew J, Aronow WS, Chandy D. Therapeutic options for severe asthma. Arch Med Sci 2012; 8:589-97. [PMID: 23056066 PMCID: PMC3460493 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2012.30280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2012] [Revised: 03/22/2012] [Accepted: 03/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
As the overall prevalence of asthma has escalated in the past decades, so has the population of patients with severe asthma. This condition is often difficult to manage due to the relative limitation of effective therapeutic options for the physician and the social and economic burden of the disease on the patient. Management should include an evaluation and elimination of modifiable risk factors such as smoking, allergen exposure, obesity and non-adherence, as well as therapy for co-morbidities like gastro-esophageal reflux disease and obstructive sleep apnea. Current treatment options include conventional agents such as inhalational corticosteroids, long acting β(2) agonists, leukotriene antagonists, and oral corticosteroids. Less conventional treatment options include immunotherapy with methotrexate, cyclosporine and tacrolimus, biological drugs like monoclonal antibodies, tumor necrosis factor-α blockers and oligonucleotides, phosphodiesterase inhibitors, antimicrobials and bronchial thermoplasty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jilcy Mathew
- Divisions of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, USA
| | - Wilbert S. Aronow
- Divisions of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, USA
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, USA
| | - Dipak Chandy
- Divisions of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, USA
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Haitchi HM, Holgate ST. New strategies in the treatment and prevention of allergic diseases. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2005; 13:107-24. [PMID: 14996646 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.13.2.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Allergic diseases (AD) are more prevalent today than 30 years ago but over the same period, few novel efficacious drugs have been discovered to treat, control or even cure these disorders. Topical or systemic glucocorticosteroids combined with symptom-relieving medications, such as beta 2 -adrenoceptor agonists, leukotriene inhibitors or antihistamines, are still the mainstay of antiallergic treatment. Modified glucocorticosteroids with less adverse effects, better bronchodilators and new selective mediator inhibitors may improve symptom control in the future. Only specific immunotherapy has shown potential for long-lasting disease-modifying effects. Immunomodulation is a therapeutic goal, aiming to modify the dominant helper T cell Type 2 inflammation to a helper T cell Type 1 response using modified allergens, mycobacteria or CpG oligodeoxynucleotides. Humanised monoclonal anti-IgE antibodies are an exciting new immunomodulatory medication that are expected to reach the clinical practice and have recently been licensed in Australia and the US. Advances in molecular, cellular and genetic research of the immunopathophysiology of AD have led to the development of new antagonists for cytokines, chemokines, receptors, second messengers and transcription factors that may become available for clinical use in the next 10 years. Specific diets supplemented with antioxidants or probiotics need further study but offer promise as safe and cheap preventative medicine. The strong genetic component of AD and the Human Genome Project have opened a new field of research, and modification or replacement of target genes has a curative potential with exciting new therapeutic developments in the years ahead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Michael Haitchi
- University of Southampton, School of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK.
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Nyce J. Respirable antisense oligonucleotides: a new, third drug class targeting respiratory disease. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2004; 2:533-6. [PMID: 14752337 DOI: 10.1097/00130832-200212000-00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To describe the potential of a new class of respiratory drugs, respirable antisense oligonucleotides. RECENT FINDINGS The first respirable antisense oligonucleotide, EPI-2010, has now reached clinical trials. It has shown intriguing initial indications of efficacy and the potential to be the first once-per-week asthma preventative. Respirable antisense oligonucleotides are capable of addressing targets that have proven to be intractable to traditional 'small molecule' approaches, and against which newer monoclonal antibody strategies may also not be optimal. Respirable antisense oligonucleotides functionally, but not genetically, ablate gene expression by blocking the template function of target respiratory messenger RNAs by as yet incompletely defined mechanisms. They do so with an avidity and specificity which can be several orders of magnitude greater than those shown by small molecule antagonists for their protein targets. The target properties of respiratory messenger RNAs are strikingly different from those of respiratory proteins, enabling respirable antisense oligonucleotides to offer the potential of longer duration of effect, increased specificity of effect, and lack of systemic side effects compared with either traditional small molecule protein antagonists or monoclonal antibodies. SUMMARY Respirable antisense oligonucleotides represent a new, third class of respiratory drugs with the potential to extend the range of therapeutic responses to otherwise intractable respiratory targets, and to address precedented targets with the possibility of improving on such features as safety and durability of response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Nyce
- EpiGenesis Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Cranbury, New Jersey 08512, USA.
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Abstract
Current asthma therapy is directed at the relief of chronic inflammation or improving lung function through bronchodilation. These approaches treat the overt symptoms of asthma but do not approach underlying causes of the disease. Such therapies have limited efficacy and for a number of patients the disease remains poorly controlled. The short-term future of asthma therapy will probably focus on the treatment of multiple symptoms to provide improved lung function. Long-term approaches to asthma will have to focus on modulation of the mechanisms that are the underlying causes of the various asthmatic pathophysiologies. These targets include a number of TH2-type T-cell-generated cytokines and chemokines, G-protein-coupled receptors, TH2-related transcription factors, neurotrophins and adhesion molecules. Additional new targets and understanding of asthma may also arise from genetic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Greenfeder
- Department of Allergy, Schering-Plough Research Institute, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, MS-1600, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA.
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Nedbal W, Teichmann B. Advantages of antisense drugs for the treatment of oral diseases. ANTISENSE & NUCLEIC ACID DRUG DEVELOPMENT 2002; 12:183-91. [PMID: 12162701 DOI: 10.1089/108729002760220789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
For almost two decades, antisense oligonucleotides (AS-ON) have been used successfully to suppress and regulate gene expression in vitro and in vivo. They are, meanwhile, well established to serve as molecular tools for several biologic applications, from the study of single gene functions up to complex target gene validations. Based on an at least theoretically simple mode of action, the sequence-specific inhibition of mRNA functions after complex formation by Watson-Crick base pairing and presumably enzymatic degradation of the target mRNA, they obviously carry a high therapeutic potential for the treatment of human diseases. In recent years, a remarkable number of clinical trials have been initiated and performed to evaluate the therapeutic usefulness of antisense technology. However, after the successful development of the first antisense-based drug Vitravene (Isis Pharmaceutical Inc., Carlsbad, CA) in 1998, no second product has appeared on the market to date. Here, we describe substantial advantages for the development of antisense-based drugs against less severe oral diseases that represent novel but highly promising application fields of the technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Nedbal
- A3D GmbH-Antisense Design & Drug Development, Heidelberg, Germany.
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