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Nakamura K, Kaya M, Yanagisawa Y, Yamamoto K, Takayashiki N, Ukita H, Nagura M, Sugiue K, Kitajima M, Hirano K, Ishida H, Onoda C, Kobayashi Y, Nakatani E, Odagiri K, Suzuki T. Denosumab-induced hypocalcemia in patients with solid tumors and renal dysfunction: a multicenter, retrospective, observational study. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:218. [PMID: 38360579 PMCID: PMC10870527 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-11942-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone metastases are frequently observed in advanced cancer, and bone modifying agents are used to prevent or treat skeletal-related events. Zoledronic acid is contraindicated in patients with severe renal impairment (Ccr < 30 mL/min), but it is not completely known whether denosumab can be used in them. We aimed to determine the association between renal function and hypocalcemia development during denosumab treatment. METHODS We included patients with solid cancer and bone metastases who started denosumab treatment between April 2017 and March 2019. They were classified into four groups based on creatinine clearance (Ccr; mL/min): normal (Ccr ≥ 80), mild (50 ≤ Ccr ˂80), moderate (30 ≤ Ccr ˂50), and severe (Ccr ˂30). Hypocalcemia was evaluated using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (v5.0) based on the albumin-adjusted serum calcium levels; its incidence (stratified by renal function) and risk factors were investigated using a Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Of 524 patients (age: 69 ± 11 years; 303 men), 153 had a normal renal function and 222, 117, and 32 had mild, moderate, and severe renal dysfunction. The albumin-adjusted serum calcium level was higher than the measured (total) calcium level in most patients. The incidence of grade ≥ 1 hypocalcemia was 32.0% in the normal group and 37.4%, 29.9%, and 62.5% in the mild, moderate, and severe renal dysfunction groups, respectively. It was, therefore, higher in the severe renal dysfunction groups than in the normal group (P = 0.002). The incidence of grade ≥ 3 hypocalcemia did not differ significantly among the groups. Pre-treatment low serum calcium levels and severe renal dysfunction were risk factors for hypocalcemia. CONCLUSIONS Evaluating denosumab-induced hypocalcemia required albumin adjustment, and its incidence was high among patients with severe renal dysfunction. Reduced serum calcium levels and severely impaired renal function were associated with an elevated hypocalcemia risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyo Nakamura
- Shizuoka General Hospital, -27-1, Kita-ando, Aoi-ku, 420-8527, Shizuoka, Japan.
| | - Michihiro Kaya
- Shizuoka General Hospital, -27-1, Kita-ando, Aoi-ku, 420-8527, Shizuoka, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Kaori Sugiue
- Japanese Red Cross Shizuoka Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | | | | | - Hiroki Ishida
- JA Shizuoka Kohseiren Enshu Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | | | | | - Eiji Nakatani
- Shizuoka Graduate University of Public Health, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Keiichi Odagiri
- Center for Clinical Research, Hamamatsu University Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Takaya Suzuki
- Shizuoka General Hospital, -27-1, Kita-ando, Aoi-ku, 420-8527, Shizuoka, Japan
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2
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Kanbayashi Y, Sakaguchi K, Hongo F, Ishikawa T, Tabuchi Y, Ukimura O, Takayama K, Taguchi T. Predictors for development of denosumab-induced hypocalcaemia in cancer patients with bone metastases determined by ordered logistic regression analysis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:978. [PMID: 33441770 PMCID: PMC7806964 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80243-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This retrospective study was undertaken to identify predictors for the development of hypocalcaemia even with prophylactic administration of calcium and vitamin D, and to help guide future strategies to improve the safety, efficacy, and QOL of patients receiving denosumab. Between January 2016 and February 2020, a total of 327 advanced cancer patients at our hospital who were receiving denosumab were enrolled. Variables associated with the development of hypocalcaemia were extracted from the clinical records. The level of hypocalcaemia was evaluated using CTCAE version 5. Multivariate ordered logistic regression analysis was performed to identify predictors for the development of hypocalcaemia. Optimal cut off thresholds were determined using ROC analysis. Values of P < 0.05 (2-tailed) were considered significant. 54 patients have developed hypocalcemia (≥ Grade 1). Significant factors identified included concomitant use of vonoprazan [odds ratio (OR) = 3.74, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.14–12.26; P = 0.030], dexamethasone (OR = 2.45, 95%CI 1.14–5.42; P = 0.022), pre-treatment levels of serum calcium (OR = 0.27, 95%CI 0.13–0.54; P < 0.001), ALP/100 (OR = 1.04, 95%CI 1.01–1.07; P = 0.003), and haemoglobin (OR = 0.79, 95%CI 0.68–0.93; P = 0.004). ROC curve analysis revealed that the threshold for pre-treatment levels of serum calcium was ≤ 9.3 mg/dL, ALP was ≥ 457 U/L, and haemoglobin was ≤ 10.4 g/dL. In conclusion, concomitant use of vonoprazan or dexamethasone, and pre-treatment levels of serum calcium (low), ALP (high) and haemoglobin (low) were identified as significant predictors for the development of denosumab-induced hypocalcaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Kanbayashi
- Department of Outpatient Oncology Unit, University Hospital, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan. .,Department of Education and Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569-1094, Japan. .,Departments of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Koichi Sakaguchi
- Departments of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Fumiya Hongo
- Department of Urology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ishikawa
- Department of Outpatient Oncology Unit, University Hospital, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yusuke Tabuchi
- Department of Pharmacy, University Hospital, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Osamu Ukimura
- Department of Urology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koichi Takayama
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Taguchi
- Department of Outpatient Oncology Unit, University Hospital, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Departments of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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3
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Lau LH, Cliff ERS, Wong V, Wong H, Torkamani N, Eer A, Weickhardt A, Grossmann M. Hypocalcaemia following denosumab in prostate cancer: A clinical review. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2020; 92:495-502. [PMID: 32017154 DOI: 10.1111/cen.14169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Denosumab is often used in men with advanced prostate cancer to prevent skeletal-related events, but can be associated with severe hypocalcaemia. Our objective was to review the pathophysiology, identify risk factors and provide recommendations for prevention and management of denosumab-associated hypocalcaemia. DESIGN We reviewed the literature regarding denosumab-associated severe hypocalcaemia, defined as necessitating hospitalization for intravenous calcium treatment, in the context of prostate cancer. PATIENTS Men with prostate cancer with severe denosumab-associated hypocalcemia. RESULTS We identified 20 men with prostate cancer with severe denosumab-associated hypocalcemia, including the present case. Median age (range) was 70 years (45-86). All had skeletal metastases and presented with symptomatic hypocalcemia 16 days (4-35) after the initial (n = 18) or second (n = 2) denosumab treatment, with a serum total calcium of 1.36 mmol/L (1.13-1.91). The key risk factor was presence of active osteoblastic metastases, evidenced by elevated serum alkaline phosphatase, 838 U/L (58-2620) and supportive imaging. Other risk factors reported in some men included vitamin D deficiency (<50 nmol/L), 25-OH vitamin D 44 nmol/L (22-81), renal impairment, serum creatinine 103 μmol/L (62-1131) and hypomagnesaemia, 0.82 mmol/L (0.29-1.20). Men received intravenous calcium infusions for 16 days (1-90), and median total intravenous elemental calcium requirements were 3.17 g (0.47-26.65). CONCLUSIONS Denosumab treatment in men with metastatic prostate cancer can be associated with life-threatening hypocalcaemia requiring prolonged hospitalization for intravenous calcium treatment. Modifiable risk factors should be corrected before denosumab administration. In men with active osteoblastic metastases, consideration should be given to delay denosumab treatment until underlying disease activity is controlled, and/or be administered with close monitoring and proactive treatment with calcium and calcitriol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lik-Hui Lau
- Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Edward R S Cliff
- Department of General Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Vanessa Wong
- Department of Oncology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Henry Wong
- Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | | | - Audrey Eer
- Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | | | - Mathis Grossmann
- Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
- Department of Medicine-Austin Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
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McCaleb RV, Johnson JT. SEVERE, PROLONGED, DENOSUMAB-INDUCED HYPOCALCEMIA WITH RECOVERY AFTER 111 DAYS OF HIGH-DOSE CALCIUM SUPPLEMENTATION. AACE Clin Case Rep 2020; 5:e82-e85. [PMID: 31967007 DOI: 10.4158/accr-2018-0295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Denosumab is a monoclonal antibody commonly used for the prevention of skeletal-related events in patients with bone metastases from solid tumors. Hypocalcemia is a known adverse effect with denosumab, and we present an unusual case where 2 hypocalcemic events occurred after 1 denosumab treatment. Methods A 76-year-old man recently diagnosed with prostate cancer with bone metastasis was given 120 mg denosumab subcutaneously due to extensive bone disease. Results The patient experienced denosumab-induced hypocalcemia induced by a single denosumab dose which was resolved after 14 days of multiple doses of intravenous calcium gluconate and oral calcium and vitamin D replacement. However, the patient returned with acute kidney injury and severe hypocalcemia (corrected calcium of 6.9 mg/dL) without any additional dose of denosumab. The recovery following the second episode of hypocalcemia was much longer than the initial episode in this patient. Conclusion To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of an additional episode of hypocalcemia following a single denosumab dose. This case highlights the importance of close monitoring of renal function and serum electrolytes following the resolution of denosumab-induced hypocalcemia.
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5
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Shrosbree JE, Elder GJ, Eisman JA, Center JR. Acute hypocalcaemia following denosumab in heart and lung transplant patients with osteoporosis. Intern Med J 2018; 48:681-687. [PMID: 29363863 DOI: 10.1111/imj.13744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoporosis is highly prevalent in the heart and lung transplant population. Given high rates of concurrent renal impairment, there is increasing use of denosumab in this population. However, denosumab may be associated with hypocalcaemia, particularly in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). AIM To explore the risk of hypocalcaemia in a heart and lung transplant cohort prescribed denosumab for osteoporosis. METHODS We performed a retrospective database review of all surviving heart and lung transplant patients who had received denosumab for osteoporosis between January 2012 and November 2015. We assessed the rates of hypocalcaemia in this cohort and collected baseline clinical data to determine associated factors. RESULTS Ten patients received denosumab and had laboratory results available within 3 months of the dose. Of these, three patients developed severe (grade 4) hypocalcaemia, while two patients developed mild (grade 1) hypocalcaemia. In comparison to the five patients who remained normocalcaemic, patients with hypocalcaemia had significantly lower baseline mean estimated glomerular filtration rate but similar baseline mean corrected serum calcium. Unexpectedly, patients developing hypocalcaemia had non-significantly higher levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and lower baseline doses of prednisone. CONCLUSIONS In heart and lung transplant patients, denosumab should be used judiciously in patients with advanced renal disease due to the risk of hypocalcaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia E Shrosbree
- Osteoporosis and Bone Biology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Grahame J Elder
- Department of Endocrinology, St. Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, Australia.,Department of Renal Medicine, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - John A Eisman
- Osteoporosis and Bone Biology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Endocrinology, St. Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, Australia.,School of Medicine Sydney, University of Notre Dame Australia, St Vincent's Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jacqueline R Center
- Osteoporosis and Bone Biology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Endocrinology, St. Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, Australia
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6
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Body JJ, von Moos R, Niepel D, Tombal B. Hypocalcaemia in patients with prostate cancer treated with a bisphosphonate or denosumab: prevention supports treatment completion. BMC Urol 2018; 18:81. [PMID: 30236112 PMCID: PMC6148993 DOI: 10.1186/s12894-018-0393-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Most patients with advanced prostate cancer develop bone metastases, which often result in painful and debilitating skeletal-related events. Inhibitors of bone resorption, such as bisphosphonates and denosumab, can each reduce the incidence of skeletal-related events and delay the progression of bone pain. However, these agents are associated with an increased risk of hypocalcaemia, which, although often mild and transient, can be serious and life-threatening. Here we provide practical advice on managing the risk of hypocalcaemia in patients with advanced prostate cancer who are receiving treatment with bone resorption inhibitors. Relevant references for this review were identified through searches of PubMed with the search terms ‘prostate cancer’, ‘bone-targeted agents’, ‘anti-resorptive agents’, ‘bisphosphonates’, ‘zoledronic acid’, ‘denosumab’, ‘hypocalcaemia’, and ‘hypocalcemia’. Additional references were suggested by the authors. Main text Among patients with advanced cancer receiving a bisphosphonate or denosumab, hypocalcaemia occurs most frequently in those with prostate cancer, although it can occur in patients with any tumour type. Consistent with its greater ability to inhibit bone resorption, denosumab has shown superiority in the prevention of skeletal-related events in patients with bone metastases from solid tumours. Consequently, denosumab is more likely to induce hypocalcaemia than the bisphosphonates. Likewise, various bisphosphonates have differing potencies for the inhibition of bone resorption, and thus the risk of hypocalcaemia varies between different bisphosphonates. Other risk factors for the development of hypocalcaemia include the presence of osteoblastic metastases, vitamin D deficiency, and renal insufficiency. Hypocalcaemia can lead to treatment interruption, but it is both preventable and manageable. Serum calcium concentrations should be measured, and any pre-existing hypocalcaemia should be corrected, before starting treatment with inhibitors of bone resorption. Once treatment has started, concomitant administration of calcium and vitamin D supplements is essential. Calcium concentrations should be monitored during treatment with bisphosphonates or denosumab, particularly in patients at high risk of hypocalcaemia. If hypocalcaemia is diagnosed, patients should receive treatment with calcium and vitamin D. Conclusion With preventative strategies and treatment, patients with prostate cancer who are at risk of, or who develop, hypocalcaemia should be able to continue to benefit from treatment with bisphosphonates or denosumab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Jacques Body
- Department of Medicine, CHU Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Place A.Van Gehuchten 4, 1020, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Roger von Moos
- Kantonsspital Graubünden, Loëstrasse 170, CH-7000, Chur, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Niepel
- Global Medical Affairs, Amgen (Europe) GmbH, Zug, Switzerland
| | - Bertrand Tombal
- Institute of Clinical Research, Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue Mounier 50, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
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7
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Ishikawa K, Nagai T, Sakamoto K, Ohara K, Eguro T, Ito H, Toyoshima Y, Kokaze A, Toyone T, Inagaki K. High bone turnover elevates the risk of denosumab-induced hypocalcemia in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2016; 12:1831-1840. [PMID: 27980413 PMCID: PMC5147395 DOI: 10.2147/tcrm.s123172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypocalcemia is the most common major adverse event in patients with osteoporosis receiving the bone resorption inhibitor denosumab; however, limited information is available regarding risk factors of hypocalcemia. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the risk factors of hypocalcemia induced by denosumab treatment for osteoporosis. We retrospectively reviewed the records of patients who had received initial denosumab supplemented with activated vitamin D for osteoporosis. Serum levels of the following bone turnover markers (BTMs) were measured at baseline: bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP), total N-terminal propeptide of type 1 procollagen (P1NP), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRACP-5b), and urinary cross-linked N-telopeptide of type 1 collagen (NTX). Of the 85 denosumab-treated patients with osteoporosis studied, 22 (25.9%) developed hypocalcemia. Baseline serum total P1NP, TRACP-5b, and urinary NTX were significantly higher in patients with hypocalcemia than in those with normocalcemia following denosumab administration (all P<0.01). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that patients with total P1NP >76.5 μg/L, TRACP-5b >474 mU/dL, or urinary NTX >49.5 nmol bone collagen equivalent/mmol creatinine had a higher risk of hypocalcemia (P<0.01). Our study suggests that denosumab may have a greater impact on serum calcium levels in patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis with higher baseline bone turnover than in patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis with normal baseline bone turnover, because maintenance of normal serum calcium in this subgroup is more dependent on bone resorption. Close monitoring of serum calcium levels is strongly recommended for denosumab-treated patients with high bone turnover, despite supplementation with activated vitamin D and oral calcium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Ishikawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo
| | - Takashi Nagai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo
| | - Keizo Sakamoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo
| | - Kenji Ohara
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yamanashi Red Cross Hospital, Yamanashi
| | - Takeshi Eguro
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yamanashi Red Cross Hospital, Yamanashi
| | - Hiroshi Ito
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo
| | - Yoichi Toyoshima
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo
| | - Akatsuki Kokaze
- Department of Public Health, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Toyone
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo
| | - Katsunori Inagaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo
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8
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Domschke C, Schuetz F. Side effects of bone-targeted therapies in advanced breast cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 9:332-6. [PMID: 25759613 DOI: 10.1159/000368844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In up to 75% of cases, advanced breast cancer patients eventually develop bone metastases with often debilitating skeletal-related events (SREs). Osteoclast inhibitors are commonly used as therapeutic mainstay with clinical studies showing superiority of denosumab over bisphosphonates (e.g., zoledronate) for the prevention of SREs. The present review discusses the adverse event profile of these agents, and addresses the prevention and management of untoward side effects. Adverse events associated with osteoclast inhibitors comprise osteonecrosis of the jaw and hypocalcemia. Hypocalcemia is more common with denosumab, particularly in severe renal dysfunction. During therapy, the appropriate prevention of these adverse events includes close attention to dental health, avoidance of invasive dental procedures, supplementation with calcium and vitamin D unless patients are hypercalcemic, and regular monitoring of relevant serum values. Relating to the risk of nephrotoxicity, bisphosphonates but not denosumab have been incriminated. Therefore, serum creatinine levels should be checked prior to each dose of zoledronate, and in severe renal dysfunction (creatinine clearance < 30 ml/min) zoledronate is contraindicated anyway. Acute-phase reactions are particularly linked to bisphosphonates. Consequently, if these adverse events predominate, switching to denosumab is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Domschke
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Florian Schuetz
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
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9
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Ueki K, Yamada S, Tsuchimoto A, Tokumoto M, Kumano T, Kitazono T, Tsuruya K. Rapid progression of vascular and soft tissue calcification while being managed for severe and persistent hypocalcemia induced by denosumab treatment in a patient with multiple myeloma and chronic kidney disease. Intern Med 2015; 54:2637-42. [PMID: 26466702 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.54.4946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We herein present the case of a patient with myeloma and chronic kidney disease (CKD) who developed rapidly progressive vascular and soft tissue calcification during the course of treatment for severe hypocalcemia induced by the administration of denosumab for myeloma and hypercalcemia. Because a large amount of supplementation with active vitamin D and calcium was required to correct the severe hypocalcemia, rapidly progressive vascular calcification developed. Seeing that patients with CKD are prone to developing severe and prolonged hypocalcemia after denosumab treatment, physicians should closely monitor the patients' serum calcium levels and manage their hypocalcemia appropriately so as to avoid the development of significant ectopic calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Ueki
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Japan
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10
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Severe Hypocalcemia due to Denosumab in Metastatic Prostate Cancer. Case Rep Nephrol 2014; 2014:565393. [PMID: 25054070 PMCID: PMC4099037 DOI: 10.1155/2014/565393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2014] [Revised: 06/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Denosumab is a monoclonal antibody used for prevention of skeletal-related events (SREs) in patients with bone metastases from solid tumors. Hypocalcemia is a rare and dangerous side effect of the drug Denosumab. We present a case of a patient with metastatic prostate cancer who developed severe hypocalcemia after the administration of the drug. The patient's vitamin D levels were low when checked after administration of the drug, which likely predisposed him to the development of hypocalcemia. He was placed on high doses of oral and intravenous (IV) calcium and vitamin D without any appreciable response in the serum calcium level. His ionized calcium remained below 0.71 mmol/L despite very high doses of oral and IV calcium supplements. During the hospital course, he developed hydronephrosis from the spread of a tumor and did not want to undergo percutaneous nephrostomy tube placement; therefore, it was decided to dialyse him for acute renal failure and to correct his hypocalcemia. Checking calcium and vitamin D levels prior to the administration of Denosumab is vital in preventing hypocalcemia. If hypocalcemia is severe and not responsive to high doses of vitamin D, oral and IV calcium, then hemodialysis with a high calcium bath can correct this electrolyte abnormality.
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11
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Fernández-Fernández FJ, Pía G, Sesma P. Comment on: Vitamin D analogs in denosumab-treated patients with kidney failure. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2013; 14:137. [PMID: 24266625 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2014.861416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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12
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Gartrell BA, Coleman RE, Fizazi K, Miller K, Saad F, Sternberg CN, Galsky MD. Toxicities following treatment with bisphosphonates and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand inhibitors in patients with advanced prostate cancer. Eur Urol 2013; 65:278-86. [PMID: 23706567 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2013.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Advanced prostate cancer (PCa) is associated with skeletal complications, both as a result of bone metastases and because of fractures associated with fragility due to androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT). Osteoclast inhibitors are commonly used to reduce skeletal complications but are associated with a number of potential adverse events. OBJECTIVE To review clinical trials of osteoclast inhibitors in advanced PCa, to discuss the adverse event profile of these agents, and to discuss strategies to address specific adverse events. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION PubMed was searched for reports of clinical trials of osteoclast inhibitors in advanced PCa. As zoledronic acid and denosumab are used most commonly in this disease, these trials were the focus. The literature was reviewed to identify key publications addressing the prevention and management of adverse events associated with these drugs. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS The major findings of the trials and the adverse events are discussed. Prevention and management of common adverse events are addressed. CONCLUSIONS Zoledronic acid prevents loss of bone mineral density associated with ADT and delays skeletal-related events in metastatic castration-resistant PCa (mCRPC). Denosumab reduces the incidence of fragility fractures associated with ADT, delays the onset of bone metastases in nonmetastatic castration-resistant disease, and is superior to zoledronic acid in the prevention of skeletal complications in mCRPC. Adverse events associated with both agents include osteonecrosis of the jaw and hypocalcemia. Hypocalcemia is more common with denosumab. Zoledronic acid requires dose modifications for renal insufficiency, is contraindicated in severe renal insufficiency, and has been associated with deterioration of renal function. Appropriate patient selection with close attention to dental health, supplementation with calcium and vitamin D, and monitoring of laboratory values are effective strategies to minimize the impact of adverse events associated with osteoclast inhibitors in advanced PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A Gartrell
- Department of Medical Oncology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
| | - Robert E Coleman
- Academic Unit of Clinical Oncology, Weston Park Hospital, CR-UK/YCR Sheffield Cancer Research Centre, Sheffield, UK
| | - Karim Fizazi
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Institut Gustave Roussy, University of Paris Sud, Villejuif, France
| | - Kurt Miller
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fred Saad
- Division of Urology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, CRCHUM, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Cora N Sternberg
- Department of Medical Oncology, San Camillo and Forlanini Hospitals, Rome, Italy
| | - Matthew D Galsky
- Tisch Cancer Center Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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