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Suzuki H, Hosomi K, Nasu A, Kondoh M, Kunisawa J. Development of Adjuvant-Free Bivalent Food Poisoning Vaccine by Augmenting the Antigenicity of Clostridium perfringens Enterotoxin. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2320. [PMID: 30356722 PMCID: PMC6189403 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (CPE) is a common cause of food poisoning and hyperkalemia-associated death. Previously, we reported that fusion of pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) to C-terminal fragment of CPE (C-CPE) efficiently bound mucosal epithelium so that PspA-specific immune responses could be provoked. In this study, we found that fusion of C-CPE with PspA augmented the antigenicity of C-CPE itself. These findings allowed us to hypothesize that fusion of C-CPE and another food poisoning vaccine act as a bivalent food poisoning vaccine. Therefore, we constructed an adjuvant-free bivalent vaccine against CPE and cholera toxin (CT), which is a major food poisoning in developing country, by genetically fusing CT B subunit to C-CPE. Because of the low antigenicity of C-CPE, immunization of mice with C-CPE alone did not induce C-CPE-specific immune responses. However, immunization with our vaccine induced both C-CPE- and CT-specific neutralizing antibody. The underlying mechanism of the augmented antigenicity of C-CPE included the activation of T cells by CTB. Moreover, neutralizing antibodies lasted for at least 48 weeks and the quality of the antibody was dependent on the binding activity of CTB–C-CPE to its receptors. These findings suggest that our fusion protein is a potential platform for the development of an adjuvant-free bivalent vaccine against CPE and CT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidehiko Suzuki
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Koji Hosomi
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Ayaka Nasu
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masuo Kondoh
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Jun Kunisawa
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Ibaraki, Japan.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.,Graduate School of Medicine and Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
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Zhang L, Wang W, Wang S. Effect of vaccine administration modality on immunogenicity and efficacy. Expert Rev Vaccines 2015; 14:1509-23. [PMID: 26313239 DOI: 10.1586/14760584.2015.1081067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The many factors impacting the efficacy of a vaccine can be broadly divided into three categories: features of the vaccine itself, including immunogen design, vaccine type, formulation, adjuvant and dosing; individual variations among vaccine recipients and vaccine administration-related parameters. While much literature exists related to vaccines, and recently systems biology has started to dissect the impact of individual subject variation on vaccine efficacy, few studies have focused on the role of vaccine administration-related parameters on vaccine efficacy. Parenteral and mucosal vaccinations are traditional approaches for licensed vaccines; novel vaccine delivery approaches, including needless injection and adjuvant formulations, are being developed to further improve vaccine safety and efficacy. This review provides a brief summary of vaccine administration-related factors, including vaccination approach, delivery route and method of administration, to gain a better understanding of their potential impact on the safety and immunogenicity of candidate vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- a 1 Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.,b 2 China-US Vaccine Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Wei Wang
- c 3 Wang Biologics, LLC, Chesterfield, MO 63017, USA ; Current affiliation: Bayer HealthCare, Berkeley, CA 94710, USA
| | - Shixia Wang
- d 4 Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
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Gallorini S, Taccone M, Bonci A, Nardelli F, Casini D, Bonificio A, Kommareddy S, Bertholet S, O'Hagan DT, Baudner BC. Sublingual immunization with a subunit influenza vaccine elicits comparable systemic immune response as intramuscular immunization, but also induces local IgA and TH17 responses. Vaccine 2014; 32:2382-8. [PMID: 24434044 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Revised: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Influenza is a vaccine-preventable disease that remains a major health problem world-wide. Needle and syringe are still the primary delivery devices, and injection of liquid vaccine into the muscle is still the primary route of immunization. Vaccines could be more convenient and effective if they were delivered by the mucosal route. Elicitation of systemic and mucosal innate and adaptive immune responses, such as pathogen neutralizing antibodies (including mucosal IgA at the site of pathogen entry) and CD4(+) T-helper cells (especially the Th17 subset), have a critical role in vaccine-mediated protection. In the current study, a sublingual subunit influenza vaccine formulated with or without mucosal adjuvant was evaluated for systemic and mucosal immunogenicity and compared to intranasal and intramuscular vaccination. Sublingual administration of adjuvanted influenza vaccine elicited comparable antibody titers to those elicited by intramuscular immunization with conventional influenza vaccine. Furthermore, influenza-specific Th17 cells or neutralizing mucosal IgA were detected exclusively after mucosal immunization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Amanda Bonificio
- Vaccines Research, Novartis Vaccines, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Sushma Kommareddy
- Vaccines Research, Novartis Vaccines, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
| | | | - Derek T O'Hagan
- Vaccines Research, Novartis Vaccines, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
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Georgousakis MM, McMillan DJ, Batzloff MR, Sriprakash KS. Moving forward: a mucosal vaccine against group A streptococcus. Expert Rev Vaccines 2014; 8:747-60. [DOI: 10.1586/erv.09.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Giri PK, Khuller GK. Is intranasal vaccination a feasible solution for tuberculosis? Expert Rev Vaccines 2014; 7:1341-56. [DOI: 10.1586/14760584.7.9.1341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Wong PT, Wang SH, Ciotti S, Makidon PE, Smith DM, Fan Y, Schuler CF, Baker JR. Formulation and characterization of nanoemulsion intranasal adjuvants: effects of surfactant composition on mucoadhesion and immunogenicity. Mol Pharm 2013; 11:531-44. [PMID: 24320221 DOI: 10.1021/mp4005029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The development of effective intranasal vaccines is of great interest due to their potential to induce both mucosal and systemic immunity. Here we produced oil-in-water nanoemulsion (NE) formulations containing various cationic and nonionic surfactants for use as adjuvants for the intranasal delivery of vaccine antigens. NE induced immunogenicity and antigen delivery are believed to be facilitated through initial contact interactions between the NE droplet and mucosal surfaces which promote prolonged residence of the vaccine at the site of application, and thus cellular uptake. However, the details of this mechanism have yet to be fully characterized experimentally. We have studied the physicochemical properties of the NE droplet surfactant components and demonstrate that properties such as charge and polar headgroup geometry influence the association of the adjuvant with the mucus protein, mucin. Association of NE droplets with mucin in vitro was characterized by various biophysical and imaging methods including dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta potential (ZP), and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) measurements as well as transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Emulsion surfactant compositions were varied in a systematic manner to evaluate the effects of hydrophobicity and polar group charge/size on the NE-mucin interaction. Several cationic NE formulations were found to facilitate cellular uptake of the model antigen, ovalbumin (OVA), in a nasal epithelial cell line. Furthermore, fluorescent images of tissue sections from mice intranasally immunized with the same NEs containing green fluorescent protein (GFP) antigen demonstrated that these NEs also enhanced mucosal layer penetration and cellular uptake of antigen in vivo. NE-mucin interactions observed through biophysical measurements corresponded with the ability of the NE to enhance cellular uptake. Formulations that enhanced antigen uptake in vitro and in vivo also led to the induction of a more consistent antigen specific immune response in mice immunized with NEs containing OVA, linking NE-facilitated mucosal layer penetration and cellular uptake to enhancement of the immune response. These findings suggest that biophysical measurement of the mucoadhesive properties of emulsion based vaccines constitutes an effective in vitro strategy for selecting NE candidates for further evaluation in vivo as mucosal adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela T Wong
- Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School , 1150 W. Medical Center Dr., Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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Henningham A, Gillen CM, Walker MJ. Group a streptococcal vaccine candidates: potential for the development of a human vaccine. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2012; 368:207-42. [PMID: 23250780 DOI: 10.1007/82_2012_284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Currently there is no commercial Group A Streptococcus (GAS; S. pyogenes) vaccine available. The development of safe GAS vaccines is challenging, researchers are confronted with obstacles such as the occurrence of many unique serotypes (there are greater than 150 M types), antigenic variation within the same serotype, large variations in the geographical distribution of serotypes, and the production of antibodies cross-reactive with human tissue which can lead to host auto-immune disease. Cell wall anchored, cell membrane associated, secreted and anchorless proteins have all been targeted as GAS vaccine candidates. As GAS is an exclusively human pathogen, the quest for an efficacious vaccine is further complicated by the lack of an animal model which mimics human disease and can be consistently and reproducibly colonized by multiple GAS strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Henningham
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences and Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
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Cristillo AD, Ferrari MG, Hudacik L, Lewis B, Galmin L, Bowen B, Thompson D, Petrovsky N, Markham P, Pal R. Induction of mucosal and systemic antibody and T-cell responses following prime-boost immunization with novel adjuvanted human immunodeficiency virus-1-vaccine formulations. J Gen Virol 2011; 92:128-40. [PMID: 21169215 PMCID: PMC3052530 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.023242-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
As sexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) occurs via the mucosa, an ideal HIV-1 vaccine should induce both mucosal and systemic immunity. We therefore sought to evaluate the induction of mucosal responses using a DNA env prime–gp120 protein boost approach in which sequential nasal and parenteral protein administration was performed with two novel carbohydrate-based adjuvants. These adjuvants, Advax-M and Advax-P, were specifically designed for mucosal and systemic immune enhancement, respectively. Murine intranasal immunization with gp120/Advax-M adjuvant elicited gp120-specific IgA in serum and mucosal secretions that was markedly enhanced by DNA priming. Boosting of DNA-primed mice with gp120/Advax-M and gp120/Advax-P by sequential intranasal and intramuscular immunization, or vice versa, elicited persistent mucosal gp120-specific IgA, systemic IgG and memory T- and B-cell responses. Induction of homologous, but not heterologous, neutralizing activity was noted in the sera of all immunized groups. While confirmation of efficacy is required in challenge studies using non-human primates, these results suggest that the combination of DNA priming with sequential nasal and parenteral protein boosting, with appropriate mucosal and systemic adjuvants, could generate strong mucosal and systemic immunity and may block HIV-1 mucosal transmission and infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony D Cristillo
- Advanced BioScience Laboratories Inc., 5510 Nicholson Lane, Kensington, MD 20895, USA
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Abstract
Mucosal vaccination offers the advantage of blocking pathogens at the portal of entry, improving patient's compliance, facilitating vaccine delivery, and decreasing the risk of unwanted spread of infectious agents via contaminated syringes.Recent advances in vaccinology have created an array of vaccine constructs that can be delivered to mucosal surfaces of the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and genitourinary tracts using intranasal, oral, and vaginal routes. Due to the different characteristics of mucosal immune response, as compared with systemic response, mucosal immunization requires particular methods of antigen presentation. Well-tolerated adjuvants that enhance the efficacy of such vaccines will play an important role in mucosal immunization. Among promising mucosal adjuvants, mutants of cholera toxin and the closely related heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli present powerful tools, augmenting the local and systemic serum antibody response to co-administered antigens.In this chapter, we describe the formulation and application of vaccines using the genetically modified LTK63 mutant as a prototype of the family of these mucosal adjuvants and the tools to determine its activity in the mouse model.
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Dynamics of acute and memory mucosal and systemic immune responses against HIV-1 envelope following immunizations through single or combinations of mucosal and systemic routes. Vaccine 2008; 26:2796-806. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.11.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2007] [Revised: 11/22/2007] [Accepted: 11/29/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Abstract
The need for minimally invasive delivery methods is urgent. As the number of registered vaccines increases, so does the number of injections. The use of sharps can be unsafe and needle immunisation is less suitable for mass immunisations during emergencies such as pandemics or bioterrorist attacks. The approach of combining vaccines has limitations due to high development costs, risk of pharmaceutical or immunological interference and economic risks. Advancements in the development of alternatives to injection with syringes and needles are discussed in this paper, and include: mucosal vaccination, injection without needles and vaccine delivery via the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gideon Kersten
- Netherlands Vaccine Institute, Research and Development Department, PO Box 457, 3720 Al Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
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Chakraborty SK, Fitzpatrick JAJ, Phillippi JA, Andreko S, Waggoner AS, Bruchez MP, Ballou B. Cholera toxin B conjugated quantum dots for live cell labeling. NANO LETTERS 2007; 7:2618-26. [PMID: 17663586 DOI: 10.1021/nl0709930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Cholera toxin subunit B (CTB)--quantum dot conjugates were developed for labeling mammalian cells. The conjugates were internalized by all tested cell lines into small vesicles dispersed throughout the cytoplasm, while commercially available polyarginine conjugates rapidly accumulated in large perinuclear endosomes. Although a large proportion of CTB conjugates eventually also accumulated in perinuclear endosomes, this accumulation required several days, and even then many CTB conjugated quantum dots remained in small vesicles dispersed throughout the cytoplasm. Thus CTB conjugates are a practical alternative to polyarginine conjugates for the general labeling of mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhasish K Chakraborty
- Molecular Biosensor and Imaging Center, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
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Abstract
The only disease-modifying treatment that is available for allergic patients is allergen-specific immunotherapy. Two competing application forms are used: subcutaneous immunotherapy, which has been used for > 90 years, and a relatively new immunotherapy where the allergen is applied sublingually. Numerous studies have shown efficacy for subcutaneous immunotherapy and have identified possible mechanisms that are responsible for the observed reduction in allergic responses. In contrast, the efficacy of sublingual immunotherapy has not been documented to the same degree and the responsible immunological mechanisms have not yet been clearly defined. This review focuses on the published clinical and experimental data on sublingual immunotherapy and points at possible mechanisms of how sublingual immunotherapy may differ from subcutaneous immunotherapy in its mode of action, and also discusses the potential advantages and pit falls of both therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Werner-Klein
- Department of Pulmonary Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
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Ferro VA, Carter KC. Mucosal immunisation: Successful approaches to targeting different tissues. Methods 2006; 38:61-4. [PMID: 16442812 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2005.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2005] [Accepted: 11/16/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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