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Ogle BM, Knudsen BE, Nishitai R, Ogata K, Platt JL. Toward development and production of human T cells in swine for potential use in adoptive T cell immunotherapy. Tissue Eng Part A 2009; 15:1031-40. [PMID: 18826341 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2008.0117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy and vaccination for cancer or infection are generally approached by administration of antigen or stimulation of antigen-presenting cells or both. These measures may fail if the treated individual lacks T cells specific for the immunogen(s). We tested another strategy-the generation of new T cells from hematopoietic stem cells that might be used for adoptive immunotherapy. To test this concept, we introduced T cell-depleted human bone marrow cells into fetal swine and tested the swine for human T cells at various times after birth. Human T cells were detected in the thymus and blood of the treated swine. These cells were generated de novo as they contained human T cell receptor excision circles not present in the T cell-depleted bone marrow. The human T cells were highly diverse and included novel specificities capable of responding to antigen presented by human antigen-presenting cells. Our findings constitute a first step in a new promising approach to immunotherapy in which tumor- or virus-specific T cell clones lacking in an individual might be generated in a surrogate host from hematopoietic stem cells of the individual to be treated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda M Ogle
- Transplantation Biology Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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Zhou Q, Hidajat R, Peng B, Venzon D, Aldrich MK, Richardson E, Lee EM, Kalyanaraman VS, Grimes G, Gómez-Román VR, Summers LE, Malkevich N, Robert-Guroff M. Comparative evaluation of oral and intranasal priming with replication-competent adenovirus 5 host range mutant (Ad5hr)-simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) recombinant vaccines on immunogenicity and protective efficacy against SIV(mac251). Vaccine 2007; 25:8021-35. [PMID: 17935840 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2007] [Revised: 09/04/2007] [Accepted: 09/06/2007] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Oral, replication-competent Ad-HIV vaccines are advancing to human trials. Previous evaluation of protective efficacy in non-human primates has primarily followed upper respiratory tract administrations. Here we compared sequential oral (O/O) versus intranasal/oral (I/O) priming of rhesus macaques with Ad5 host range mutant-SIV recombinants expressing SIV env/rev, gag, and nef genes followed by boosting with SIV gp120 protein. Cellular immune responses in PBMC were stronger and more frequent after I/O administration. Both groups developed mucosal immunity, including memory cells in bronchial alveolar lavage, and gut-homing receptors on PBMC. Following intrarectal SIV(mac251) challenge, both groups exhibited equivalent, significant protection and robust post-challenge cellular immunity. Our results illustrate the promise of oral replication-competent Ad-recombinant vaccines. Pre-challenge PBMC ELISPOT and proliferative responses did not predict protection in the O/O group, highlighting the need for simple, non-invasive methods to reliably assess mucosal immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qifeng Zhou
- Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
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Crooks ET, Moore PL, Franti M, Cayanan CS, Zhu P, Jiang P, de Vries RP, Wiley C, Zharkikh I, Schülke N, Roux KH, Montefiori DC, Burton DR, Binley JM. A comparative immunogenicity study of HIV-1 virus-like particles bearing various forms of envelope proteins, particles bearing no envelope and soluble monomeric gp120. Virology 2007; 366:245-62. [PMID: 17580087 PMCID: PMC2080857 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2007.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2007] [Revised: 03/08/2007] [Accepted: 04/24/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
To assess the potential of native Envelope glycoprotein (Env) trimers as neutralizing antibody vaccines, we immunized guinea pigs with three types of VLPs and soluble gp120. Particles included "SOS-VLPs" (bearing disulfide-shackled functional trimers), "UNC-VLPs" (bearing uncleaved nonfunctional Env) and "naked VLPs" (bearing no Env). The SOS-VLPs were found to have a density of about 27 native trimers per particle, approximately twice that of live inactivated HIV-1 preparations. As immunogens, UNC- and SOS-VLP rapidly elicited anti-gp120 antibodies focused on the V3 loop and the gp120 coreceptor binding site. Reactivity to the gp41 immunodominant domain was absent in SOS-VLP sera, presumably because gp120-gp41 association is stabilized, effectively covering this epitope. Gp120-immune sera reacted with the receptor binding sites of gp120 and were less focused on the V3 loop. Some Env-VLP sera neutralized primary isolates at modest titers. The measurement of neutralization was found to be affected by the cell lines used. Depending on the assay particulars, non-Env specific antibodies in VLP sera could enhance infection, or nonspecifically neutralize. However, a neutralization assay using TZM-BL cells was essentially clear of these effects. We also describe a native trimer binding assay to confirm neutralization activity in a manner that completely eliminates nonspecific effects. Overall, our data suggests that Env-VLP sera were primarily focused on nonfunctional forms of Env on VLP surfaces, possibly gp120/gp41 monomers and not the trimers. Therefore, to make progress toward a more effective VLP-based vaccine, we will need to find ways to refocus the attention of B cells on native trimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma T. Crooks
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, 3550 General Atomics Court, San Diego, CA 92121
| | - Penny L. Moore
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Sandringham, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Michael Franti
- Progenics Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Rd., Tarrytown, NY 10591
| | | | - Ping Zhu
- Department of Biological Science, and Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306
| | - Pengfei Jiang
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, 3550 General Atomics Court, San Diego, CA 92121
| | - Robbert P. de Vries
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, 3550 General Atomics Court, San Diego, CA 92121
- Department of Human Retrovirology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cheryl Wiley
- The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla CA 92037
| | - Irina Zharkikh
- The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla CA 92037
| | - Norbert Schülke
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 35 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Kenneth H. Roux
- Department of Biological Science, and Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306
| | - David C. Montefiori
- Duke University, Department of Surgery, La Salle Straight Extensions, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Dennis R. Burton
- The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla CA 92037
| | - James M. Binley
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, 3550 General Atomics Court, San Diego, CA 92121
- *corresponding author: James M. Binley, Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, 3550 General Atomics Court, San Diego CA 92121. tel: (858) 909 5142. fax: (858) 455 3804.
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Halford WP. Towards an effective genital herpes vaccine: past lessons and future prospects. Future Virol 2007; 2:1-6. [PMID: 23843891 PMCID: PMC3704169 DOI: 10.2217/17460794.2.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- William P. Halford
- Montana State University, Bozeman, Department of Veterinary Molecular Biology, Bozeman, MT 59717, Phone: (406) 994-6374, FAX: (406) 994-4303
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Rudy ET, Newman PA, Duan N, Kelly EM, Roberts KJ, Seiden DS. HIV vaccine acceptability among women at risk: perceived barriers and facilitators to future HIV vaccine uptake. AIDS EDUCATION AND PREVENTION : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR AIDS EDUCATION 2005; 17:253-67. [PMID: 16006211 DOI: 10.1521/aeap.17.4.253.66529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to explore perceived barriers and facilitators to the uptake of future U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved HIV vaccines among women at elevated risk for HIV. We conducted four client focus groups (N = 41) and one focus group of women's health care professionals (N =9). Participants were recruited from diverse community agencies and health care clinics in Los Angeles using purposive, venue-based sampling. Data were analyzed using narrative thematic analysis and Ethnograph qualitative software. Barriers to HIV vaccine uptake included fear of vaccine-induced HIV infection, reproductive side effects, injection concerns, gendered roles and power dynamics, HIV stigma, discrimination, affordability, and mistrust. The provision of affordable and accessible HIV vaccines, ideally through routine care, along with culturally tailored, gender-specific HIV vaccine intervention and policy, can ensure the full potential of HIV vaccines to empower women to protect themselves against HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen T Rudy
- Los Angeles Health Department Sexually Transmitted Diseases Program, USA
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Mori T, O'Keefe BR, Sowder RC, Bringans S, Gardella R, Berg S, Cochran P, Turpin JA, Buckheit RW, McMahon JB, Boyd MR. Isolation and characterization of griffithsin, a novel HIV-inactivating protein, from the red alga Griffithsia sp. J Biol Chem 2004; 280:9345-53. [PMID: 15613479 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m411122200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 298] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Griffithsin (GRFT), a novel anti-HIV protein, was isolated from an aqueous extract of the red alga Griffithsia sp. The 121-amino acid sequence of GRFT has been determined, and biologically active GRFT was subsequently produced by expression of a corresponding DNA sequence in Escherichia coli. Both native and recombinant GRFT displayed potent antiviral activity against laboratory strains and primary isolates of T- and M- tropic HIV-1 with EC50 values ranging from 0.043 to 0.63 nM. GRFT also aborted cell-to-cell fusion and transmission of HIV-1 infection at similar concentrations. High concentrations (e.g. 783 nM) of GRFT were not lethal to any tested host cell types. GRFT blocked CD4-dependent glycoprotein (gp) 120 binding to receptor-expressing cells and bound to viral coat glycoproteins (gp120, gp41, and gp160) in a glycosylation-dependent manner. GRFT preferentially inhibited gp120 binding of the monoclonal antibody (mAb) 2G12, which recognizes a carbohydrate-dependent motif, and the (mAb) 48d, which binds to CD4-induced epitope. In addition, GRFT moderately interfered with the binding of gp120 to sCD4. Further data showed that the binding of GRFT to soluble gp120 was inhibited by the monosaccharides glucose, mannose, and N-acetylglucosamine but not by galactose, xylose, fucose, N-acetylgalactosamine, or sialic acid-containing glycoproteins. Taken together these data suggest that GRFT is a new type of lectin that binds to various viral glycoproteins in a monosaccharide-dependent manner. GRFT could be a potential candidate microbicide to prevent the sexual transmission of HIV and AIDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Mori
- Molecular Targets Development Program, Center for Cancer Research, NCI-Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA.
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