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Gusev E, Sarapultsev A. Interplay of G-proteins and Serotonin in the Neuroimmunoinflammatory Model of Chronic Stress and Depression: A Narrative Review. Curr Pharm Des 2024; 30:180-214. [PMID: 38151838 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128285578231218102020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This narrative review addresses the clinical challenges in stress-related disorders such as depression, focusing on the interplay between neuron-specific and pro-inflammatory mechanisms at the cellular, cerebral, and systemic levels. OBJECTIVE We aim to elucidate the molecular mechanisms linking chronic psychological stress with low-grade neuroinflammation in key brain regions, particularly focusing on the roles of G proteins and serotonin (5-HT) receptors. METHODS This comprehensive review of the literature employs systematic, narrative, and scoping review methodologies, combined with systemic approaches to general pathology. It synthesizes current research on shared signaling pathways involved in stress responses and neuroinflammation, including calcium-dependent mechanisms, mitogen-activated protein kinases, and key transcription factors like NF-κB and p53. The review also focuses on the role of G protein-coupled neurotransmitter receptors (GPCRs) in immune and pro-inflammatory responses, with a detailed analysis of how 13 of 14 types of human 5-HT receptors contribute to depression and neuroinflammation. RESULTS The review reveals a complex interaction between neurotransmitter signals and immunoinflammatory responses in stress-related pathologies. It highlights the role of GPCRs and canonical inflammatory mediators in influencing both pathological and physiological processes in nervous tissue. CONCLUSION The proposed Neuroimmunoinflammatory Stress Model (NIIS Model) suggests that proinflammatory signaling pathways, mediated by metabotropic and ionotropic neurotransmitter receptors, are crucial for maintaining neuronal homeostasis. Chronic mental stress can disrupt this balance, leading to increased pro-inflammatory states in the brain and contributing to neuropsychiatric and psychosomatic disorders, including depression. This model integrates traditional theories on depression pathogenesis, offering a comprehensive understanding of the multifaceted nature of the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenii Gusev
- Laboratory of Inflammation Immunology, Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Ekaterinburg 620049, Russia
- Russian-Chinese Education and Research Center of System Pathology, South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk 454080, Russia
| | - Alexey Sarapultsev
- Russian-Chinese Education and Research Center of System Pathology, South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk 454080, Russia
- Laboratory of Immunopathophysiology, Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Ekaterinburg 620049, Russia
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Vamvoukaki R, Chrysoulaki M, Betsi G, Xekouki P. Pituitary Tumorigenesis-Implications for Management. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:medicina59040812. [PMID: 37109772 PMCID: PMC10145673 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59040812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs), the third most common intracranial tumor, are mostly benign. However, some of them may display a more aggressive behavior, invading into the surrounding structures. While they may rarely metastasize, they may resist different treatment modalities. Several major advances in molecular biology in the past few years led to the discovery of the possible mechanisms involved in pituitary tumorigenesis with a possible therapeutic implication. The mutations in the different proteins involved in the Gsa/protein kinase A/c AMP signaling pathway are well-known and are responsible for many PitNETS, such as somatotropinomas and, in the context of syndromes, as the McCune-Albright syndrome, Carney complex, familiar isolated pituitary adenoma (FIPA), and X-linked acrogigantism (XLAG). The other pathways involved are the MAPK/ERK, PI3K/Akt, Wnt, and the most recently studied HIPPO pathways. Moreover, the mutations in several other tumor suppressor genes, such as menin and CDKN1B, are responsible for the MEN1 and MEN4 syndromes and succinate dehydrogenase (SDHx) in the context of the 3PAs syndrome. Furthermore, the pituitary stem cells and miRNAs hold an essential role in pituitary tumorigenesis and may represent new molecular targets for their diagnosis and treatment. This review aims to summarize the different cell signaling pathways and genes involved in pituitary tumorigenesis in an attempt to clarify their implications for diagnosis and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodanthi Vamvoukaki
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Clinic, University Hospital of Heraklion, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71500 Crete, Greece
| | - Maria Chrysoulaki
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Clinic, University Hospital of Heraklion, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71500 Crete, Greece
| | - Grigoria Betsi
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Clinic, University Hospital of Heraklion, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71500 Crete, Greece
| | - Paraskevi Xekouki
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Clinic, University Hospital of Heraklion, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71500 Crete, Greece
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Identification and gene expression profiling of human gonadotrophic pituitary adenoma stem cells. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2023; 11:24. [PMID: 36750863 PMCID: PMC9906881 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-023-01517-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gonadotrophic pituitary adenoma is a major subtype of pituitary adenoma in the sellar region, but it is rarely involved in the hypersecretion of hormones into blood; thus, it is commonly regarded as "non-functioning." Its tumorigenic mechanisms remain unknown. The aim of this study was to identify human gonadotrophic pituitary adenoma stem cells (hPASCs) and explore the underlying gene expression profiles. In addition, the potential candidate genes involved in the invasive properties of pituitary adenoma were examined. METHODS The hPASCs from 14 human gonadotrophic pituitary adenoma clinical samples were cultured and verified via immunohistochemistry. Genetic profiling of hPASCs and the matched tumor cells was performed through RNA-sequencing and subjected to enrichment analysis. By aligning the results with public databases, the candidate genes were screened and examined in invasive and non-invasive gonadotrophic pituitary adenomas using Real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS The hPASCs were successfully isolated and cultured from gonadotrophic pituitary adenoma in vitro, which were identified as positive for generic stem cell markers (Sox2, Oct4, Nestin and CD133) via immunohistochemical staining. The hPASCs could differentiate into the tumor cells expressing follicle-stimulating hormone in the presence of fetal bovine serum in the culture medium. Through RNA-sequencing, 1352 differentially expressed genes were screened and identified significantly enriched in various gene ontologies and important pathways. The expression levels of ANXA2, PMAIP1, SPRY2, C2CD4A, APOD, FGF14 and FKBP10 were significantly upregulated while FNDC5 and MAP3K4 were downregulated in the invasive gonadotrophic pituitary adenomas compared to the non-invasive ones. CONCLUSION Genetic profiling of hPASCs may explain the tumorigenesis and invasiveness of gonadotrophic pituitary adenoma. ANXA2 may serve as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of gonadotrophic pituitary adenoma.
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Li L, Liu X, Cui Y, Chen Y, Wu H, Wang J, Gong X, Gao X, Yang L, Li J, Sun X, Mao F, Wang Y. Novel chlorpromazine derivatives as anti-endometrial carcinoma agents with reduced extrapyramidal side effects. Bioorg Chem 2022; 127:106008. [PMID: 35868106 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.106008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
As the traditional conservative remedy for endometrial carcinoma (EC), progesterone has great limitations due to its poor performance, and a new strategy is urgently needed. Our previous work revealed that the antipsychotic drug chlorpromazine (CPZ) has stronger antitumor activity on EC than progesterone does, which may provide a promising conservative alternative for EC patients. Unfortunately, the severe extrapyramidal symptoms (EPSs) at concentrations (>5 mg/kg) that are required for anticarcinoma activity limited its repurposing. Therefore, a series of novel CPZ derivatives were designed and synthesized to avoid EPS and retain its antitumor activity. Among them, 11·2HCl and 18 displayed greater inhibitory activity by modulating SOS1. Notably, even at a dose of 100 mg/kg, 11·2HCl/18 had little effect on the extrapyramidal system. In conclusion, 11·2HCl and 18 greatly repressed the malignant features of endometrial carcinoma and decreased extrapyramidal side effects compared with the original drug CPZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Li
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, the International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yunxia Cui
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, the International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Huiwen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, the International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaodi Gong
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, the International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Gao
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, the International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Linlin Yang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, the International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Screening and Research on Anti-pathogenic Plant Resources from West Yunnan, College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali 671000, China; Clinical Medicine Scientific and Technical Innovation Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, Hainan, China
| | - Xiao Sun
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, the International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Fei Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Yudong Wang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, the International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Female Tumor Reproductive Specialty, Shanghai, China.
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Demarchi G, Valla S, Perrone S, Chimento A, Bonadeo N, Vitale DL, Spinelli FM, Cervio A, Sevlever G, Alaniz L, Berner S, Cristina C. β-Catenin is reduced in membranes of human prolactinoma cells and it is inhibited by temozolomide in prolactin secreting tumor models. Tumour Biol 2022; 44:85-105. [DOI: 10.3233/tub-211500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Prolactinomas are the most frequent pituitary tumor subtype. Despite most of them respond to medical treatment, a proportion are resistant and become a challenge in clinical management. Wnt/β-Catenin pathway has been implicated in several cancers including pituitary tumors and other sellar region malignancies. Interestingly, Wnt/β-Catenin inhibition augments the cytotoxicity of the chemotherapeutic agent Temozolomide (TMZ) in different cancers. TMZ is now being implemented as rescue therapy for aggressive pituitary adenoma treatment. However, the molecular mechanisms associated with TMZ action in pituitary tumors remain unclear. OBJECTIVES: Our aims in the present study were to evaluate differential β-Catenin expression in human resistant prolactinomas and Wnt/β-Catenin signaling activation and involvement in Prolactin (PRL) secreting experimental models treated with TMZ. RESULTS: We first evaluated by immunohistochemistry β-Catenin localization in human resistant prolactinomas in which we demonstrated reduced membrane β-Catenin in prolactinoma cells compared to normal pituitaries, independently of the Ki-67 proliferation indexes. In turn, in vivo 15 mg/kg of orally administered TMZ markedly reduced PRL production and increased prolactinoma cell apoptosis in mice bearing xenografted prolactinomas. Intratumoral β-Catenin strongly correlated with Prl and Cyclin D1, and importantly, TMZ downregulated both β-Catenin and Cyclin D1, supporting their significance in prolactinoma growth and as candidates of therapeutic targets. When tested in vitro, TMZ directly reduced MMQ cell viability, increased apoptosis and produced G2/M cell cycle arrest. Remarkably, β-Catenin activation and VEGF secretion were inhibited by TMZ in vitro. CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that dopamine resistant prolactinomas undergo a β-Catenin relocalization in relation to normal pituitaries and that TMZ restrains experimental prolactinoma tumorigenicity by reducing PRL production and β-Catenin activation. Together, our findings contribute to the understanding of Wnt/β-Catenin implication in prolactinoma maintenance and TMZ therapy, opening the opportunity of new treatment strategies for aggressive and resistant pituitary tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianina Demarchi
- Centro de Investigaciones Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Nacional del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Junín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CITNOBA) – UNNOBA-UNSAdA-CONICET, Pergamino, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sofía Valla
- Centro de Investigaciones Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Nacional del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Junín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CITNOBA) – UNNOBA-UNSAdA-CONICET, Pergamino, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sofía Perrone
- Centro de Investigaciones Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Nacional del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Junín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CITNOBA) – UNNOBA-UNSAdA-CONICET, Pergamino, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Agustina Chimento
- Centro de Investigaciones Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Nacional del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Junín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CITNOBA) – UNNOBA-UNSAdA-CONICET, Pergamino, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nadia Bonadeo
- Centro de Investigaciones Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Nacional del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Junín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CITNOBA) – UNNOBA-UNSAdA-CONICET, Pergamino, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daiana Luján Vitale
- Centro de Investigaciones Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Nacional del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Junín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CITNOBA) – UNNOBA-UNSAdA-CONICET, Pergamino, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fiorella Mercedes Spinelli
- Centro de Investigaciones Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Nacional del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Junín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CITNOBA) – UNNOBA-UNSAdA-CONICET, Pergamino, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrés Cervio
- Departamento de Neurocirugía/Departamento de Neuropatología, Instituto FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gustavo Sevlever
- Departamento de Neurocirugía/Departamento de Neuropatología, Instituto FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laura Alaniz
- Centro de Investigaciones Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Nacional del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Junín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CITNOBA) – UNNOBA-UNSAdA-CONICET, Pergamino, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvia Berner
- Servicio de Neurocirugía, Clínica Santa Isabel, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carolina Cristina
- Centro de Investigaciones Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Nacional del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Junín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CITNOBA) – UNNOBA-UNSAdA-CONICET, Pergamino, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Vafeiadou V, Hany D, Picard D. Hyperactivation of MAPK Induces Tamoxifen Resistance in SPRED2-Deficient ERα-Positive Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14040954. [PMID: 35205702 PMCID: PMC8870665 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14040954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Tamoxifen has been used for more than 40 years to treat breast tumors that are dependent on the hormone estrogen for their growth. However, resistance and recurrence of the tumors during the course of the treatment are common. Understanding the mechanisms that drive tamoxifen resistance and discovering new biomarkers for early detection are keys for designing appropriate personalized therapies. Here, we show that low levels of SPRED2 may be useful as a novel biomarker of tamoxifen resistance. We found that SPRED2 deficiency causes a hyperactivation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) ERK1/ERK2, which in turn enhances estrogen signaling and diminishes the toxic effects of tamoxifen on breast cancer cells. Treatment with the ERK1/2 inhibitor, ulixertinib, could restore their sensitivity to tamoxifen. Therefore, we propose that patients with estrogen-dependent breast cancer characterized by low expression levels of SPRED2 may be candidates for a combination therapy with tamoxifen and ulixertinib. Abstract Breast cancer is the number one cause of cancer-related mortality in women worldwide. Most breast tumors depend on the expression of the estrogen receptor α (ERα) for their growth. For this reason, targeting ERα with antagonists such as tamoxifen is the therapy of choice for most patients. Although initially responsive to tamoxifen, about 40% of the patients will develop resistance and ultimately a recurrence of the disease. Thus, finding new biomarkers and therapeutic approaches to treatment-resistant tumors is of high significance. SPRED2, an inhibitor of the MAPK signal transduction pathway, has been found to be downregulated in various cancers. In the present study, we found that SPRED2 is downregulated in a large proportion of breast-cancer patients. Moreover, the knockdown of SPRED2 significantly increases cell proliferation and leads to tamoxifen resistance of breast-cancer cells that are initially tamoxifen-sensitive. We found that resistance occurs through increased activation of the MAPKs ERK1/ERK2, which enhances the transcriptional activity of ERα. Treatment of SPRED2-deficient breast cancer cells with a combination of the ERK 1/2 inhibitor ulixertinib and 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4-OHT) can inhibit cell growth and proliferation and overcome the induced tamoxifen resistance. Taken together, these results indicate that SPRED2 may also be a tumor suppressor for breast cancer and that it is a key regulator of cellular sensitivity to 4-OHT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Vafeiadou
- Département de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université de Genève, Sciences III, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland; (V.V.); (D.H.)
| | - Dina Hany
- Département de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université de Genève, Sciences III, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland; (V.V.); (D.H.)
- On leave from: Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria 21311, Egypt
| | - Didier Picard
- Département de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université de Genève, Sciences III, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland; (V.V.); (D.H.)
- Correspondence:
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Li H, Guan K, Liu D, Liu M. Identification of mitochondria-related hub genes in sarcopenia and functional regulation of MFG-E8 on ROS-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction and cell cycle arrest. Food Funct 2021; 13:624-638. [PMID: 34928287 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo02610k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Sarcopenia has high prevalence in the elderly population, but the genes and pathways related to aging in elderly patients with sarcopenia are poorly understood. Milk fat globule epidermal growth factor 8 (MFG-E8) is a peripheral membrane glycoprotein isolated from the milk fat globule membrane (MFGM). It has been found to exhibit various nutritional effects, including antibacterial, anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, anti-sarcopenia, and improving brain development and cognitive effects. This study aimed to investigate key differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and pathways associated with the progression of sarcopenia using bioinformatics analysis and in vitro myoblast experiment. The gene expression profiles of GSE8479 and GSE9676, which includes 40 young normal samples and 55 elderly samples, were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus Database (GEO). Over 3253 DEGs were identified in the young and elderly samples (adjusted p value <0.05). A total of 213 co-expressed significantly DEGs were identified with Venn diagrams, including 82 up-regulated DEGs and 131 down-regulated DEGs. Based on the analysis of Gene Ontology (GO), protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway, 10 hub genes screened by our study have been proved to play a role in regulating the occurrence and development of aging-related sarcopenia mainly via metabolic pathways, Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease, oxidative phosphorylation and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease pathways. To further verify the protective effect of MFG-E8 on oxidative stress injured myoblasts, the cell cycle distribution, cell viability and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were measured. The protein and mRNA levels of Akt, extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK), p21Cip1, p27Kip1, cyclin D1, cyclin E1, cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 2 and 4 were quantified using qRT-PCR and western blot analysis. The results indicated that MFG-E8 has potential anti-sarcopenia effects by promoting ERK and Akt activation-mediated cell proliferation and cell cycle progression in myoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Li
- College of Health Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, P.R. China. .,Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Cardiovascular Drugs Targeting Endotheial Cells, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Kaifang Guan
- College of Health Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, P.R. China. .,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
| | - DanDan Liu
- College of Health Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, P.R. China.
| | - Min Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning 530008, Guangxi, P.R. China
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Pastorino L, Grillo F, Albertelli M, Ghiorzo P, Bruno W. Insights into Mechanisms of Tumorigenesis in Neuroendocrine Neoplasms. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910328. [PMID: 34638668 PMCID: PMC8508699 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic studies have identified some of the most relevant genetic players in Neuroendocrine Neoplasm (NEN) tumorigenesis. However, we are still far from being able to draw a model that encompasses their heterogeneity, elucidates the different biological effects consequent to the identified molecular events, or incorporates extensive knowledge of molecular biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Here, we reviewed recent insights in NEN tumorigenesis from selected basic research studies on animal models, highlighting novel players in the intergenic cooperation and peculiar mechanisms including splicing dysregulation, chromatin stability, or cell dedifferentiation. Furthermore, models of tumorigenesis based on composite interactions other than a linear progression of events are proposed, exemplified by the involvement in NEN tumorigenesis of genes regulating complex functions, such as MEN1 or DAXX. Although limited by interspecies differences, animal models have proved helpful for the more in-depth study of every facet of tumorigenesis, showing that the identification of driver mutations is only one of the many necessary steps and that other mechanisms are worth investigating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenza Pastorino
- Genetics of Rare Cancers, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (L.P.); (P.G.)
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DiMI), University of Genoa, V.le Benedetto XV 6, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Federica Grillo
- Anatomic Pathology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
- Anatomic Pathology Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genoa, 1632 Genoa, Italy
| | - Manuela Albertelli
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DiMI), University of Genoa, V.le Benedetto XV 6, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
- Endocrinology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Paola Ghiorzo
- Genetics of Rare Cancers, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (L.P.); (P.G.)
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DiMI), University of Genoa, V.le Benedetto XV 6, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
| | - William Bruno
- Genetics of Rare Cancers, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (L.P.); (P.G.)
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DiMI), University of Genoa, V.le Benedetto XV 6, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-(01)-0555-7254
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Overexpression of miR-221 stimulates proliferation of rat neural stem cell with activating Phosphatase and tensin homolog/protein kinase B signaling pathway. Neuroreport 2021; 31:1015-1023. [PMID: 32858649 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) are self-renewing, multipotent cells, and remain in our brains throughout life. They could be activated by brain damage and involved in the central nervous system (CNS) repair and motor functional recovery. Previous research demonstrated that miR-221 could regulate proliferation, differentiation, and survival. However, the effect of miR-221 on NSCs remains unknown. In this study, we showed that overexpression of miR-221 inhibited the expression of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) protein and increased the phosphorylation level of protein kinase B (AKT). More importantly, an AKT-specific inhibitor abolished the effect of miR-221 on the phosphorylation level of AKT. 5-Bromo-2-deoxyUridine (BrdU) incorporation assay and Cyclin D1 expression showed that miR-221 overexpression further promoted the NSCs proliferation. However, knocking down miR-221 inhibited cell proliferation. The AKT-specific inhibitor also blocked the proliferative efficiency of miR-221. These results demonstrated that miR-221 overexpression promoted the proliferation of cultured rat NSCs, for which the PTEN/AKT pathway activation was one possible mechanism. Our research may provide a novel investigating strategy to improve stem cell treatment for CNS diseases.
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Jiang D, Xu J, Liu S, Nasser MI, Wei W, Mao T, Liu X, Zou X, Li J, Li X. Rosmanol induces breast cancer cells apoptosis by regulating PI3K/AKT and STAT3/JAK2 signaling pathways. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:631. [PMID: 34267823 PMCID: PMC8258625 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers amongst women; however, there is currently no effective treatment. Natural compounds are considered to contribute to cancer prevention and have a pivotal role in modulating apoptosis. Rosmanol is a phenolic diterpene compound with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. In the present study, the effects of Rosmanol on breast cancer cell proliferation/apoptosis were investigated, and it was demonstrated that it inhibited the proliferation of MCF-7 and MDA-MB 231 cells but did not have a significant effect on normal human breast MCF-10A cells. In addition, the apoptotic process was accelerated by Rosmanol, through mitochondrial pathways and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production caused by DNA damage, which function further demonstrated by the attenuation and addition of the ROS inhibitor, N-acetyl-cysteine. It was also demonstrated that Rosmanol accelerated cell apoptosis, and arrested breast cancer cells in the S phase. Moreover, Rosmanol inhibited proliferation and promoted apoptosis of cancer cells via the inhibition of ERK and STAT3 signals, attributable to the increase in p-p38, the overexpression of protein inhibitor of activated STAT3, and the decrease in PI3K/AKT, ERK and JAK2/STAT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongjun Jiang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education (MOE), School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, P.R. China
| | - Jiaqi Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education (MOE), School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, P.R. China
| | - Sitong Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education (MOE), School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, P.R. China
| | - Moussa Ide Nasser
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education (MOE), School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wei
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education (MOE), School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, P.R. China
| | - Tianjiao Mao
- Department of Stomatogy, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, P.R. China
| | - Xintong Liu
- Bioprobe Application Research Unit, Chemical Biology Department, RIKEN-Max Planck Joint Research Division, RIkagaku KENkyusho/Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN) Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Xiaopan Zou
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education (MOE), School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, P.R. China
| | - Jiang Li
- Department of Stomatogy, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, P.R. China
| | - Xiaomeng Li
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education (MOE), School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, P.R. China
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11
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Hong CS, Kundishora AJ, Elsamadicy AA, Koo AB, McGuone D, Inzucchi SE, Omay SB, Erson-Omay EZ. Somatic NF1 mutations in pituitary adenomas: Report of two cases. Cancer Genet 2021; 256-257:26-30. [PMID: 33862521 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2021.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher S Hong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, 20 York Street, LCI8, New Haven, CT 06511, United States
| | - Adam J Kundishora
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, 20 York Street, LCI8, New Haven, CT 06511, United States
| | - Aladine A Elsamadicy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, 20 York Street, LCI8, New Haven, CT 06511, United States
| | - Andrew B Koo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, 20 York Street, LCI8, New Haven, CT 06511, United States
| | - Declan McGuone
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, United States
| | - Silvio E Inzucchi
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, United States
| | - Sacit Bulent Omay
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, 20 York Street, LCI8, New Haven, CT 06511, United States.
| | - E Zeynep Erson-Omay
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, 20 York Street, LCI8, New Haven, CT 06511, United States.
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12
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Monraz Gomez LC, Kondratova M, Sompairac N, Lonjou C, Ravel JM, Barillot E, Zinovyev A, Kuperstein I. Atlas of Cancer Signaling Network: A Resource of Multi-Scale Biological Maps to Study Disease Mechanisms. SYSTEMS MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-801238-3.11683-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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13
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Zhang Z, Liu Y, Luan Y, Zhu K, Hu B, Ma B, Chen L, Liu X, Lu H, Chen X, Liu Y, Zheng X. Activation of Type 4 Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Regulates Proliferation and Neuronal Differentiation in a Cultured Rat Retinal Progenitor Cell Through the Suppression of the cAMP/PTEN/AKT Pathway. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:141. [PMID: 32973444 PMCID: PMC7469868 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.00141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinal progenitor cells (RPCs) remain in the eye throughout life and can be characterized by their ability for self-renewal as well as their specialization into different cell types. A recent study has suggested that metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) participate in the processes of multiple types of stem cells. Therefore, clarifying the functions of different subtypes of mGluRs in RPCs may provide a novel treatment strategy for regulating the proliferation and differentiation of endogenous RPCs after retinal degeneration. In this study, we observed that mGluR4 was functionally expressed in RPCs, with an effect on cell viability and intracellular cAMP concentration. The activation of mGluR4 by VU0155041 (VU, mGluR4 positive allosteric selective modulator) reduced the number of BrdU+/Pax6+ double-positive cells and Cyclin D1 expression levels while increasing the number of neuron-specific class III beta-tubulin (Tuj1)- and Doublecortin (DCX)-positive cells. The knockdown of mGluR4 by target-specific siRNA abolished the effects of VU on RPC proliferation and neuronal differentiation. Further investigation demonstrated that mGluR4 activation inhibited AKT phosphorylation and up-regulated PTEN protein expression. Moreover, the VU0155041-induced inhibition of proliferation and enhancement of neuronal differentiation in RPCs were significantly hampered by Forskolin (adenylyl cyclase activator) and VO-OHpic trihydrate (PTEN inhibitor). In contrast, the effect of LY294002 (a highly selective Akt inhibitor) on proliferation and differentiation was similar to that of VU. These results indicate that mGluR4 activation can suppress proliferation and promote the neural differentiation of cultured rat RPCs through the cAMP/PTEN/AKT pathway. Our research lays the foundation for further pharmacological work exploring a novel potential therapy for several retinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Zhang
- Institute of Neurobiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Yingfei Liu
- Institute of Neurobiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan Luan
- Institute of Neurobiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Kun Zhu
- Institute of Neurobiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Baoqi Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bo Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xuan Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Haixia Lu
- Institute of Neurobiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Xinlin Chen
- Institute of Neurobiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Institute of Neurobiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zheng
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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14
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Xu EY, Vosburgh E, Wong C, Tang LH, Notterman DA. Genetic analysis of the cooperative tumorigenic effects of targeted deletions of tumor suppressors Rb1, Trp53, Men1, and Pten in neuroendocrine tumors in mice. Oncotarget 2020; 11:2718-2739. [PMID: 32733644 PMCID: PMC7367653 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic alterations of tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) are frequently observed to have cumulative or cooperative tumorigenic effects. We examined whether the TSGs Rb1, Trp53, Pten and Men1 have cooperative effects in suppressing neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) in mice. We generated pairwise homozygous deletions of these four genes in insulin II gene expressing cells using the Cre-LoxP system. By monitoring growth and examining the histopathology of the pituitary (Pit) and pancreas (Pan) in these mice, we demonstrated that pRB had the strongest cooperative function with PTEN in suppressing PitNETs and had strong cooperative function with Menin and TRP53, respectively, in suppressing PitNETs and PanNETs. TRP53 had weak cooperative function with PTEN in suppressing pituitary lesions. We also found that deletion of Pten singly led to prolactinomas in female mice, and deletion of Rb1 alone led to islet hyperplasia in pancreas. Collectively, our data indicated that pRB and PTEN pathways play significant roles in suppressing PitNETs, while the Menin-mediated pathway plays a significant role in suppressing PanNETs. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of these genes and pathways on NETs will help us understand the molecular mechanisms of neuroendocrine tumorigenesis and develop effective preclinical murine models for NET therapeutics to improve clinical outcomes in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Y Xu
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.,Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Evan Vosburgh
- Department of Medicine, Veterans Administration Hospital, West Haven, CT 06516, USA.,Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Chung Wong
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA.,Current address: Regeneron Inc., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Laura H Tang
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Daniel A Notterman
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
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15
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Wang H, Liu S, Kong F, Xiao F, Li Y, Wang H, Zhang S, Huang D, Wang L, Yang Y. Spred2 inhibits epithelial‑mesenchymal transition of colorectal cancer cells by impairing ERK signaling. Oncol Rep 2020; 44:174-184. [PMID: 32319644 PMCID: PMC7251656 DOI: 10.3892/or.2020.7586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Downregulation of the sprouty-related EVH1 domain protein 2 (Spred2) is closely associated with highly metastatic phenotypes in various tumors. However, the roles of Spred2 in the development and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC) are still largely unexplored. As anticipated, Spred2 expression was significantly downregulated in clinical tumor tissues. To restore Spred2 levels, Ad.Spred2, an adenoviral vector expressing Spred2, was transduced into CRC cells. It was revealed that Ad.Spred2 inhibited the proliferation and decreased the survival and migration of SW480 cells. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an essential event during tumor metastasis to distant sites. It was revealed that Ad.Spred2 markedly inhibited EMT by promoting F-actin reorganization, upregulating E-cadherin levels and reducing vimentin protein expression. Notably, extracellular-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling inhibition by PD98059 induced similar effects on EMT in CRC cells, indicating that Ad.Spred2 regulated EMT in CRC cells in an ERK-dependent manner. Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), a well-known inducer of EMT, increased E-cadherin expression, decreased vimentin expression and promoted migration in CRC cells. However, neither Ad.Spred2 nor PD98059 had an obvious effect on the expression of SMAD2/3 or SMAD4 in SW480 cells, indicating that Ad.Spred2 inhibited EMT in a SMAD-independent manner. Notably, Ad.Spred2 transduction downregulated SAMD2/3 and SMAD4 levels in HCT116 cells in an ERK-independent manner. It was speculated that Ad.Spred2 inhibited the EMT of HCT116 cells by both blocking ERK signaling and reducing SMAD signaling. It was concluded that Spred2 inhibited EMT in CRC cells by interfering with ERK signaling, with or without reduced SMAD signaling. Therefore, the introduction of the clinical application of Spred2 has great potential for development as a gene therapy approach for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, P.R. China
| | - Shuchen Liu
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, P.R. China
| | - Fanxuan Kong
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, P.R. China
| | - Fengjun Xiao
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, P.R. China
| | - Yuxiang Li
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, P.R. China
| | - Hua Wang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, P.R. China
| | - Shun Zhang
- Department of Experimental Medical Science and Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors of Zhejiang Province, HwaMei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315000, P.R. China
| | - Dandan Huang
- Department of Experimental Medical Science and Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors of Zhejiang Province, HwaMei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315000, P.R. China
| | - Lisheng Wang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, P.R. China
| | - Yuefeng Yang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, P.R. China
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16
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Lamb LS, Sim HW, McCormack AI. Exploring the Role of Novel Medical Therapies for Aggressive Pituitary Tumors: A Review of the Literature-"Are We There Yet?". Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12020308. [PMID: 32012988 PMCID: PMC7072681 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12020308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggressive pituitary tumors account for up to 10% of pituitary tumors and are characterized by resistance to medical treatment and multiple recurrences despite standard therapies, including surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. They are associated with increased morbidity and mortality, particularly pituitary carcinomas, which have mortality rates of up to 66% at 1 year after diagnosis. Novel targeted therapies under investigation include mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), tyrosine kinase, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors. More recently, immune checkpoint inhibitors have been proposed as a potential treatment option for pituitary tumors. An increased understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of aggressive pituitary tumors is required to identify potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets. This review discusses novel approaches to the management of aggressive pituitary tumors and the role of molecular profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia S. Lamb
- Department of Endocrinology, St Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia;
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia;
| | - Hao-Wen Sim
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia;
- St Vincent’s Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Ann I. McCormack
- Department of Endocrinology, St Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia;
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia;
- St Vincent’s Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-2-9295-8489
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17
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Vázquez-Borrego MC, Fuentes-Fayos AC, Herrera-Martínez AD, Venegas-Moreno E, L-López F, Fanciulli A, Moreno-Moreno P, Alhambra-Expósito MR, Barrera-Martín A, Dios E, Blanco-Acevedo C, Solivera J, Granata R, Kineman RD, Gahete MD, Soto-Moreno A, Gálvez-Moreno MA, Castaño JP, Luque RM. Statins Directly Regulate Pituitary Cell Function and Exert Antitumor Effects in Pituitary Tumors. Neuroendocrinology 2020; 110:1028-1041. [PMID: 31940630 DOI: 10.1159/000505923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs), the most abundant of all intracranial tumors, entail severe comorbidities. First-line therapy is transsphenoidal surgery, but subsequent pharmacological therapy is often required. Unfortunately, many patients are/become unresponsive to available drugs (somatostatin analogues [SSAs]/dopamine agonists), underscoring the need for new therapies. Statins are well-known drugs commonly prescribed to treat hyperlipidemia/cardiovascular diseases, but can convey additional beneficial effects, including antitumor actions. The direct effects of statins on normal human pituitary or PitNETs are poorly known. Thus, we aimed to explore the direct effects of statins, especially simvastatin, on key functional parameters in normal and tumoral pituitary cells, and to evaluate the combined effects of simvastatin with metformin (MF) or SSAs. METHODS Effects of statins in cell proliferation/viability, hormone secretion, and signaling pathways were evaluated in normal pituitary cells from a primate model (Papio anubis), tumor cells from corticotropinomas, somatotropinomas, nonfunctioning pituitary tumors, and PitNET cell-lines (AtT20/GH3-cells). RESULTS All statins decreased AtT20-cell proliferation, simvastatin showing stronger effects. Indeed, simvastatin reduced cell viability and/or hormone secretion in all PitNETs subtypes and cell-lines, and ACTH/GH/PRL/FSH/LH secretion (but not expression), in primate cell cultures, by modulating MAPK/PI3K/mTOR pathways and expression of key receptors (GH-releasing hormone-receptor/ghrelin-R/Kiss1-R) regulating pituitary function. Addition of MF or SSAs did not enhance simvastatin antitumor effects. CONCLUSION Our data reveal direct antitumor effects of simvastatin on PitNET-cells, paving the way to explore these compounds as a possible tool to treat PitNETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari C Vázquez-Borrego
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Cordoba, Spain
| | - Antonio C Fuentes-Fayos
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Cordoba, Spain
| | - Aura D Herrera-Martínez
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), Cordoba, Spain
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, IMIBIC, HURS, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Eva Venegas-Moreno
- Metabolism and Nutrition Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Fernando L-López
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Cordoba, Spain
| | - Alessandro Fanciulli
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin and Città Della Salute e Della Scienza Hopital, Turin, Italy
| | - Paloma Moreno-Moreno
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), Cordoba, Spain
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, IMIBIC, HURS, Cordoba, Spain
| | - María R Alhambra-Expósito
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), Cordoba, Spain
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, IMIBIC, HURS, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Ana Barrera-Martín
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), Cordoba, Spain
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, IMIBIC, HURS, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Elena Dios
- Metabolism and Nutrition Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Cristóbal Blanco-Acevedo
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), Cordoba, Spain
- Service of Neurosurgery, HURS, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Juan Solivera
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), Cordoba, Spain
- Service of Neurosurgery, HURS, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Riccarda Granata
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin and Città Della Salute e Della Scienza Hopital, Turin, Italy
| | - Rhonda D Kineman
- Division of Research and Developments, Department of Medicine, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Manuel D Gahete
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Cordoba, Spain
| | - Alfonso Soto-Moreno
- Metabolism and Nutrition Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - María A Gálvez-Moreno
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), Cordoba, Spain
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, IMIBIC, HURS, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Justo P Castaño
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Cordoba, Spain
| | - Raúl M Luque
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain,
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain,
- Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), Cordoba, Spain,
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Cordoba, Spain,
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18
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Lu M, Wang Y, Zhan X. The MAPK Pathway-Based Drug Therapeutic Targets in Pituitary Adenomas. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:330. [PMID: 31231308 PMCID: PMC6558377 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) include ERK, p38, and JNK MAPK subfamilies, which are crucial regulators of cellular physiology, cell pathology, and many diseases including cancers. For the MAPK signaling system in pituitary adenomas (PAs), the activation of ERK signaling is generally thought to promote cell proliferation and growth; whereas the activations of p38 and JNK signaling are generally thought to promote cell apoptosis. The role of MAPK in treatment of PAs is demonstrated through the effects of currently used medications such as somatostatin analogs such as SOM230 and OCT, dopamine agonists such as cabergoline and bromocriptine, and retinoic acid which inhibit the MAPK pathway. Further, there are potential novel therapies based on putative molecular targets of the MAPK pathway, including 18beta-glycyrrhetinic acid (GA), dopamine-somatostatin chimeric compound (BIM-23A760), ursolic acid (UA), fulvestrant, Raf kinase inhibitory protein (RKIP), epidermal growth factor pathway substrate number 8 (Eps8), transmembrane protein with EGF-like and two follistatin-like domains (TMEFF2), cold inducible RNA-binding protein (CIRP), miR-16, and mammaliansterile-20-like kinase (MST4). The combined use of ERK inhibitor (e.g., SOM230, OCT, or dopamine) plus p38 activator (e.g., cabergoline, bromocriptine, and fulvestrant) and/or JNK activator (e.g., UA), or the development of single drug (e.g., BIM-23A760) to target both ERK and p38 or JNK pathways, might produce better anti-tumor effects on PAs. This article reviews the advances in understanding the role of MAPK signaling in pituitary tumorigenesis, and the MAPK pathway-based potential therapeutic drugs for PAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaolong Lu
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Structural Biology and Drug Design, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Anticancer Drugs, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ya Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Structural Biology and Drug Design, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Anticancer Drugs, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xianquan Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Structural Biology and Drug Design, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Anticancer Drugs, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Li H, Guan K, Li X, Ma Y, Zhou S. MFG-E8 induced differences in proteomic profiles in mouse C2C12 cells and its effect on PI3K/Akt and ERK signal pathways. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 124:681-688. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.11.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Hu J, Yin H, Li B, Yang H. Identification of Transcriptional Metabolic Dysregulation in Subtypes of Pituitary Adenoma by Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2019; 12:2441-2451. [PMID: 31819570 PMCID: PMC6885545 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s226056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pituitary adenoma (PA) is a prevalent intracranial tumor. Metabolites differ between pituitary tumor and healthy tissues or among different tumor subtypes. However, the transcriptional changes in metabolic enzymes, which are usually seemed as targets for metabolic therapy, remain unidentified. METHODS Using microarray data for 160 samples from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, across the four most common tumor subtypes, we present the integrated identification of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between tumors and controls. RESULTS Subtype-specific DEGs revealed 1081 prolactin tumor-specific DEGs, 437 nonfunctioning tumor-specific DEGs, and 217 common DEGs among the four subtypes. Functional enrichment showed that a lot of biological functions related to metabolism had changed. Twenty-one prolactin and twenty-three nonfunctioning tumor-specific metabolic-related DEGs are mainly involved in fatty acid and nucleotide metabolism, redox reaction, and gluconeogenesis. Eighteen metabolic-related DEGs enriched in the metabolism of xenobiotics by the cytochrome P450 pathway, sulfur metabolism, retinoid metabolism, and glucose homeostasis were abnormal in all subtypes of PA. CONCLUSION Based on a comprehensive bioinformatics analysis of the available PA-related transcriptomics data, we identified specific DEGs related to metabolism, and some of them might be new attractive therapeutic targets. Especially, PDK4 and PCK1 might be new attractive biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jintao Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, The Army Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huachun Yin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, The Army Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Li
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Bo Li; Hui Yang Email ;
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, The Army Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
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21
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Pivonello C, Patalano R, Solari D, Auriemma RS, Frio F, Vitulli F, Grasso LFS, Di Cera M, De Martino MC, Cavallo LM, Cappabianca P, Colao A, Pivonello R. Effect of combined treatment with a pan-PI3K inhibitor or an isoform-specific PI3K inhibitor and everolimus on cell proliferation in GH-secreting pituitary tumour in an experimental setting. Endocrine 2018; 62:663-680. [PMID: 30066286 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-018-1677-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway activation is common in GH-secreting pituitary tumours, and a target for treatment with mTOR inhibitors, including everolimus (EVE). The current study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of two PI3K inhibitors (PI3Ki), NVP-BKM120 and NVP-BYL719, alone and in combination with EVE in rat GH-secreting pituitary tumour cell line (GH3) and human GH-secreting pituitary tumour cell cultures. METHODS In GH3 cell line and in six GH-secreting tumour cell cultures, the effects of PI3Ki and EVE, as single agents and in combination, were tested on cell viability and colony survival, by MTT and clonogenic assay, respectively, whereas western blot was performed to evaluate the underlying intracellular signalling pathways. RESULTS PI3Ki and EVE showed a dose-dependent inhibition of cell viability in GH3 cell line, with PI3Ki displaying a synergistic effect when combined with EVE. PI3Ki and EVE inhibited colony survival in GH3 cell line with no further improvement in combination. In GH-secreting pituitary tumour cell cultures PI3Ki are effective in inhibiting cell viability increasing the slight and non significant inhibition induced by EVE as single agent, generally showing a synergistic effect. Despite in both GH3 cell line and GH-secreting pituitary tumour cell cultures combination of PI3Ki enhanced EVE effect, the study of intracellular signalling pathways revealed a different regulation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR and MAPK between the two models. CONCLUSIONS The results of the current study demonstrated that PI3Ki, especially in combination with EVE, are effective in inhibiting cell proliferation, therefore representing a promising therapeutic tool for the treatment of aggressive GH-secreting pituitary tumours, not responsive to standard medical therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Pivonello
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Naples, Italy.
| | - Roberta Patalano
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Naples, Italy
| | - Domenico Solari
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Divisione di Neurochirurgia, Scienze Riproduttive e Odontostomatologiche, Naples, Italy
| | - Renata S Auriemma
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Naples, Italy
| | - Federico Frio
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Divisione di Neurochirurgia, Scienze Riproduttive e Odontostomatologiche, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Vitulli
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Divisione di Neurochirurgia, Scienze Riproduttive e Odontostomatologiche, Naples, Italy
| | - Ludovica F S Grasso
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Naples, Italy
| | - Marialuisa Di Cera
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Luigi M Cavallo
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Divisione di Neurochirurgia, Scienze Riproduttive e Odontostomatologiche, Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Cappabianca
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Divisione di Neurochirurgia, Scienze Riproduttive e Odontostomatologiche, Naples, Italy
| | - Annamaria Colao
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosario Pivonello
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Naples, Italy
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Roof AK, Trudeau T, Gutierrez-Hartmann A. Pituitary somatolactotropes evade an oncogenic response to Ras. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 476:165-172. [PMID: 29753028 PMCID: PMC6120793 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Distinct cell types have been shown to respond to activated Ras signaling in a cell-specific manner. In contrast to its pro-tumorigenic role in some human epithelial cancers, oncogenic Ras triggers differentiation of pheochromocytoma cells and medullary thyroid carcinoma cells. Furthermore, we have previously demonstrated that in pituitary somatolactotropes, activated Ras promotes differentiation and is not sufficient to drive tumorigenesis. These findings demonstrate that lactotrope cells have the ability to evade the tumorigenic fate that is often associated with persistent activation of Ras/ERK signaling, and suggest that there may be differential expression of inhibitory signaling molecules or negative cell cycle regulators that act as a brake to prevent the tumorigenic effects of sustained Ras signaling. Here we aim to gain further insight into the mechanisms that allow GH4T2 cells to evade an oncogenic response to Ras. We show that Ral, but likely not menin, plays a key role in directing Ras-mediated differentiation of somatolactotropes, which may allow these cells to escape the tumorigenic fate that is often associated with activated Ras signaling. We also show that dominant negative Ras expression results in reduced GH4T2 cell proliferation and transformation, but does not influence differentiation. Taken together, the data presented here begin to shed light on the mechanisms by which pituitary somatolactotropes evade an oncogenic response to persistently activated Ras signaling and suggest that the architecture of the Ras signaling cascade in some endocrine cell types may be distinct from that of cells that respond to Ras in an oncogenic manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allyson K Roof
- Program in Integrated Physiology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - Tammy Trudeau
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States; Departments of Medicine and of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - Arthur Gutierrez-Hartmann
- Program in Integrated Physiology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States; Departments of Medicine and of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States.
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23
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Petiti JP, Sosa LDV, Picech F, Moyano Crespo GD, Arevalo Rojas JZ, Pérez PA, Guido CB, Leimgruber C, Sabatino ME, García P, Bengio V, Papalini FR, Estario P, Berhard C, Villarreal M, Gutiérrez S, De Paul AL, Mukdsi JH, Torres AI. Trastuzumab inhibits pituitary tumor cell growth modulating the TGFB/SMAD2/3 pathway. Endocr Relat Cancer 2018; 25:837-852. [PMID: 29875136 DOI: 10.1530/erc-18-0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In pituitary adenomas, early recurrences and resistance to conventional pharmacotherapies are common, but the mechanisms involved are still not understood. The high expression of epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) signal observed in human pituitary adenomas, together with the low levels of the antimitogenic transforming growth factor beta receptor 2 (TBR2), encouraged us to evaluate the effect of the specific HER2 inhibition with trastuzumab on experimental pituitary tumor cell growth and its effect on the antiproliferative response to TGFB1. Trastuzumab decreased the pituitary tumor growth as well as the expression of ERK1/2 and the cell cycle regulators CCND1 and CDK4. The HER2/ERK1/2 pathway is an attractive therapeutic target, but its intricate relations with other signaling modulators still need to be unraveled. Thus, we investigated possible cross-talk with TGFB signaling, which has not yet been studied in pituitary tumors. In tumoral GH3 cells, co-incubation with trastuzumab and TGFB1 significantly decreased cell proliferation, an effect accompanied by a reduction in ERK1/2 phosphorylation, an increase of SMAD2/3 activation. In addition, through immunoprecipitation assays, a diminution of SMAD2/3-ERK1/2 and an increase SMAD2/3-TGFBR1 interactions were observed when cells were co-incubated with trastuzumab and TGFB1. These findings indicate that blocking HER2 by trastuzumab inhibited pituitary tumor growth and modulated HER2/ERK1/2 signaling and consequently the anti-mitogenic TGFB1/TBRs/SMADs cascade. The imbalance between HER2 and TGFBRs expression observed in human adenomas and the response to trastuzumab on experimental tumor growth may make the HER2/ERK1/2 pathway an attractive target for future pituitary adenoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pablo Petiti
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA)Centro de Microscopía Electrónica-Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Liliana Del Valle Sosa
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA)Centro de Microscopía Electrónica-Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Florencia Picech
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA)Centro de Microscopía Electrónica-Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Deisi Moyano Crespo
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA)Centro de Microscopía Electrónica-Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Jean Zander Arevalo Rojas
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA)Centro de Microscopía Electrónica-Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Pablo Anibal Pérez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA)Centro de Microscopía Electrónica-Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Carolina Beatriz Guido
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA)Centro de Microscopía Electrónica-Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Carolina Leimgruber
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA)Centro de Microscopía Electrónica-Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María Eugenia Sabatino
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA)Centro de Microscopía Electrónica-Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Pedro García
- Instituto de RadioterapiaFundación Marie Curie, Córdoba, Argentina
| | | | | | - Paula Estario
- Servicio de EndocrinologíaHospital Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Celina Berhard
- Servicio de PatologíaClínica Reina Fabiola, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Marcos Villarreal
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Físico-Química de Córdoba (INFIQC)Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Silvina Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA)Centro de Microscopía Electrónica-Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ana Lucía De Paul
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA)Centro de Microscopía Electrónica-Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Jorge Humberto Mukdsi
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA)Centro de Microscopía Electrónica-Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Alicia Inés Torres
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA)Centro de Microscopía Electrónica-Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
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Zhang Z, Liu Y, Wang K, Zhu K, Zheng X, Wang L, Luan Y, Wang X, Lu H, Wu K, Chen X, He D, Liu Y. Activation of type 4 metabotropic glutamate receptor promotes cell apoptosis and inhibits proliferation in bladder cancer. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:2741-2755. [PMID: 30145816 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Zhang
- Institute of NeurobiologyXi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center Xi’an Shaanxi China
| | - Yingfei Liu
- Institute of NeurobiologyXi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center Xi’an Shaanxi China
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of UrologyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an Shaanxi China
| | - Kun Zhu
- Institute of NeurobiologyXi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center Xi’an Shaanxi China
| | - Xiaoyan Zheng
- Institute of NeurobiologyXi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center Xi’an Shaanxi China
| | - Li Wang
- Institute of NeurobiologyXi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center Xi’an Shaanxi China
| | - Yan Luan
- Institute of NeurobiologyXi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center Xi’an Shaanxi China
| | - Xinyang Wang
- Department of UrologyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an Shaanxi China
| | - Haixia Lu
- Institute of NeurobiologyXi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center Xi’an Shaanxi China
| | - Kaijie Wu
- Department of UrologyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an Shaanxi China
| | - Xinlin Chen
- Institute of NeurobiologyXi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center Xi’an Shaanxi China
| | - Dalin He
- Department of UrologyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an Shaanxi China
| | - Yong Liu
- Institute of NeurobiologyXi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center Xi’an Shaanxi China
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25
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Wu GJ, Pen J, Huang Y, An S, Liu Y, Yang Y, Hao Q, Guo XX, Xu TR. KAP1 inhibits the Raf-MEK-ERK pathway to promote tumorigenesis in A549 lung cancer cells. Mol Carcinog 2018; 57:1396-1407. [PMID: 29917268 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant activation of the Raf-MEK-ERK pathway has frequently been associated with various cancers, especially lung cancer. However, the key regulators of this pathway are largely unknown. Using functional proteomics screening, we found that KAP1 interacts with c-Raf. Knocking out KAP1 decreased c-Raf phosphorylation at serine 259 and increased its phosphorylation at serine 338, which activated MEK and ERK. We detected higher KAP1 expression in lung cancer tissues than in normal peri-tumoral tissues. KAP1 knockdown arrested A549 lung cancer cells in the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle and attenuated cell growth, metastasis, the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis, stemness, and colony formation. Furthermore, knocking out KAP1 remarkably increased the susceptibility of A549 cells to the anti-cancer drug 5-Fluorouracil, which correlated with increasing ERK phosphorylation. In vivo xenograft experiments suggested that KAP1 deficiency significantly decreases the tumorigenicity of A549 cells. Taken together, our findings indicate that KAP1 acts as a key module in the c-Raf-interactome complex and regulates lung cancer development through the Raf-MEK-ERK pathway. Therefore, KAP1 may represent a potential diagnosis biomarker and new treatment target for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Jin Wu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jun Pen
- The First People's Hospital of Yunnan, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Su An
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Qian Hao
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiao-Xi Guo
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Tian-Rui Xu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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Monraz Gomez LC, Kondratova M, Ravel JM, Barillot E, Zinovyev A, Kuperstein I. Application of Atlas of Cancer Signalling Network in preclinical studies. Brief Bioinform 2018; 20:701-716. [DOI: 10.1093/bib/bby031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- L Cristobal Monraz Gomez
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, F-75005 Paris, France, INSERM, U900, F-75005 Paris, France and MINES ParisTech, PSL Research University, CBIO-Centre for Computational Biology, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Maria Kondratova
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, F-75005 Paris, France, INSERM, U900, F-75005 Paris, France and MINES ParisTech, PSL Research University, CBIO-Centre for Computational Biology, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Marie Ravel
- Genetic Laboratory, Nancy's Regional University Hospital, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy and INSERM UMR 954, Lorraine University, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy
| | - Emmanuel Barillot
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, F-75005 Paris, France, INSERM, U900, F-75005 Paris, France and MINES ParisTech, PSL Research University, CBIO-Centre for Computational Biology, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Andrei Zinovyev
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, F-75005 Paris, France, INSERM, U900, F-75005 Paris, France and MINES ParisTech, PSL Research University, CBIO-Centre for Computational Biology, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Inna Kuperstein
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, F-75005 Paris, France, INSERM, U900, F-75005 Paris, France and MINES ParisTech, PSL Research University, CBIO-Centre for Computational Biology, F-75006 Paris, France
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27
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Roof AK, Gutierrez-Hartmann A. Consider the context: Ras/ERK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling outcomes are pituitary cell type-specific. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 463:87-96. [PMID: 28445712 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Conserved signaling pathways are critical regulators of pituitary homeostasis and, when dysregulated, contribute to adenoma formation. Pituitary adenomas are typically benign and rarely progress to malignant cancer. Pituitary and other neuroendocrine cell types often display non-proliferative responses to ERK and PI3K, in contrast to non-endocrine cell types which typically proliferate in response to ERK and PI3K activation. These differences likely contribute to the infrequent progression to malignancy in many endocrine tumors. In this review, we highlight the Ras/ERK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways in each pituitary cell type, as well as in other endocrine tissues. Furthermore, we provide evidence that a balance of ERK and PI3K signaling is required to maintain pituitary homeostasis. It is unlikely that one sole oncogene will be identified as being responsible for sporadic pituitary adenoma formation. This review emphasizes the necessity to consider endocrine cell-specific contexts and the interplay of signaling pathways to define the mechanisms underlying pituitary tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allyson K Roof
- Program in Integrated Physiology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - Arthur Gutierrez-Hartmann
- Program in Integrated Physiology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States; Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States.
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28
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Li J, Li C, Wang J, Song G, Zhao Z, Wang H, Wang W, Li H, Li Z, Miao Y, Li G, Zhang Y. Genome-wide analysis of differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs in primary gonadotrophin adenomas by RNA-seq. Oncotarget 2018; 8:4585-4606. [PMID: 27992366 PMCID: PMC5354857 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have received increased research interest owing to their participation via distinct mechanisms in the biological processes of nonfunctional pituitary adenomas. However, changes in the expression of lncRNAs in gonadotrophin adenoma, which is the most common nonfunctional pituitary adenomas, have not yet been reported. In this study, we performed a genome-wide analysis of lncRNAs and mRNAs obtained from gonadotrophin adenoma patients’ samples and normal pituitary tissues using RNA-seq. The differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs were identified using fold-change filtering. We identified 839 lncRNAs and 1015 mRNAs as differentially expressed. Gene Ontology analysis indicated that the biological functions of differentially expressed mRNAs were related to transcription regulator activity and basic metabolic processes. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis was performed to identify 64 canonical pathways that were significantly enriched in the tumor samples. Furthermore, to investigate the potential regulatory roles of the differentially expressed lncRNAs on the mRNAs, we constructed general co-expression networks for 100 coding and 577 non-coding genes that showed significantly correlated expression patterns in tumor cohort. In particular, we built a special sub-network of co-expression involving 186 lncRNAs interacting with 15 key coding genes of the mTOR pathway, which might promote the pathogenesis of gonadotrophin tumor. This is the first study to explore the patterns of genome-wide lncRNAs expression and co-expression with mRNAs, which might contribute to the molecular pathogenesis of gonadotrophin adenoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiye Li
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Tiantan Xili, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Chuzhong Li
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders Brain Tumor Center, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianpeng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Guidong Song
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Tiantan Xili, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Zhao
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Tiantan Xili, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Haoyuan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hailong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Navy General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenye Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yazhou Miao
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Tiantan Xili, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Guilin Li
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Tiantan Xili, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Yazhuo Zhang
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders Brain Tumor Center, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Angelousi A, Dimitriadis GK, Zografos G, Nölting S, Kaltsas G, Grossman A. Molecular targeted therapies in adrenal, pituitary and parathyroid malignancies. Endocr Relat Cancer 2017; 24:R239-R259. [PMID: 28400402 DOI: 10.1530/erc-16-0542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tumourigenesis is a relatively common event in endocrine tissues. Currently, specific guidelines have been developed for common malignant endocrine tumours, which also incorporate advances in molecular targeted therapies (MTT), as in thyroid cancer and in gastrointestinal neuroendocrine malignancies. However, there is little information regarding the role and efficacy of MTT in the relatively rare malignant endocrine tumours mainly involving the adrenal medulla, adrenal cortex, pituitary, and parathyroid glands. Due to the rarity of these tumours and the lack of prospective studies, current guidelines are mostly based on retrospective data derived from surgical, locoregional and ablative therapies, and studies with systemic chemotherapy. In addition, in many of these malignancies the prognosis remains poor with individual patients responding differently to currently available treatments, necessitating the development of new personalised therapeutic strategies. Recently, major advances in the molecular understanding of endocrine tumours based on genomic, epigenomic, and transcriptome analysis have emerged, resulting in new insights into their pathogenesis and molecular pathology. This in turn has led to the use of novel MTTs in increasing numbers of patients. In this review, we aim to present currently existing and evolving data using MTT in the treatment of adrenal, pituitary and malignant parathyroid tumours, and explore the current utility and effectiveness of such therapies and their future evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Angelousi
- Department of PathophysiologySector of Endocrinology, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios K Dimitriadis
- Division of Translational and Experimental MedicineUniversity of Warwick Medical School, Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Coventry, UK
| | - Georgios Zografos
- Third Department of SurgeryAthens General Hospital "Georgios Gennimatas", Athens, Greece
| | - Svenja Nölting
- Department of Internal Medicine IICampus Grosshadern, University-Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Gregory Kaltsas
- Department of PathophysiologySector of Endocrinology, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Division of Translational and Experimental MedicineUniversity of Warwick Medical School, Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Coventry, UK
- Department of EndocrinologyOxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ashley Grossman
- Department of EndocrinologyOxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Sabatino ME, Petiti JP, Sosa LDV, Pérez PA, Gutiérrez S, Leimgruber C, Latini A, Torres AI, De Paul AL. Evidence of cellular senescence during the development of estrogen-induced pituitary tumors. Endocr Relat Cancer 2015; 22:299-317. [PMID: 25792544 DOI: 10.1530/erc-14-0333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Although pituitary adenomas represent 25% of intracranial tumors, they are usually benign, with the mechanisms by which these tumors usually avoid an invasive profile and metastatic growth development still remaining unclear. In this context, cellular senescence might constitute a plausible explanation for the benign nature of pituitary adenomas. In this study, we investigated the emergence of cellular senescence as a growth control mechanism during the progression of estrogen-induced pituitary tumors. The quantification of Ki67-immunopositive cells in the pituitaries of estrogenized male rats after 10, 20, 40, and 60 days revealed that the mitogenic potential rate was not sustained for the whole period analyzed and successively decreased after 10 days of estrogen exposure. In addition, the expression of cellular senescence features, such as the progressive rise in the enzymatic senescence-associated b-galactosidase (SA-b-gal) activity, IL6, IL1b, and TGFb expression, was observed throughout pituitary tumor development. Furthermore, tumoral pituitary cells also displayed nuclear pATM expression, indicating activated DNA damage signaling, with a significant increase in p21 expression also being detected. The associations among DNA damage signaling activation, SA-b-gal expression, and p21 may provide a reliable combination of senescence-associated markers for in vivo pituitary senescence detection. These results suggest a role for this cellular process in the regulation of pituitary cell growth. Thus, cellular senescence should be conceived as a contributing component to the benign nature of pituitary adenomas, thereby influencing the capability of the pituitary gland to avoid unregulated cell proliferation.
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Miao J, Bao Y, Ye J, Shao H, Qian K, Qin A. Transcriptional Profiling of Host Gene Expression in Chicken Embryo Fibroblasts Infected with Reticuloendotheliosis Virus Strain HA1101. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126992. [PMID: 25973612 PMCID: PMC4431687 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV), a member of the Gammaretrovirus genus in the Retroviridae family, causes an immunosuppressive, oncogenic and runting-stunting syndrome in multiple avian hosts. To better understand the host interactions at the transcriptional level, microarray data analysis was performed in chicken embryo fibroblast cells at 1, 3, 5, and 7 days after infection with REV. This study identified 1,785 differentially expressed genes that were classified into several functional groups including signal transduction, immune response, biological adhesion and endocytosis. Significant differences were mainly observed in the expression of genes involved in the immune response, especially during the later post-infection time points. These results revealed that differentially expressed genes IL6, STAT1, MyD88, TLRs, NF-κB, IRF-7, and ISGs play important roles in the pathogenicity of REV infection. Our study is the first to use microarray analysis to investigate REV, and these findings provide insights into the underlying mechanisms of the host antiviral response and the molecular basis of viral pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Miao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yanqing Bao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jianqiang Ye
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hongxia Shao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Kun Qian
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Aijian Qin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- * E-mail:
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CMTM3 inhibits cell growth and migration and predicts favorable survival in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:7849-58. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3504-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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Lee M, Wiedemann T, Gross C, Leinhäuser I, Roncaroli F, Braren R, Pellegata NS. Targeting PI3K/mTOR Signaling Displays Potent Antitumor Efficacy against Nonfunctioning Pituitary Adenomas. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 21:3204-15. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-0288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Mühl B, Hägele J, Tasdogan A, Loula P, Schuh K, Bundschu K. SPREDs (Sprouty related proteins with EVH1 domain) promote self-renewal and inhibit mesodermal differentiation in murine embryonic stem cells. Dev Dyn 2015; 244:591-606. [PMID: 25690936 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 01/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pluripotency, self-renewal, and differentiation are special features of embryonic stem (ES) cells, thereby providing valuable perspectives in regenerative medicine. Developmental processes require a fine-tuned organization, mainly regulated by the well-known JAK/STAT, PI3K/AKT, and ERK/MAPK pathways. SPREDs (Sprouty related proteins with EVH1 domain) were discovered as inhibitors of the ERK/MAPK signaling pathway, whereas nothing was known about their functions in ES cells and during early differentiation, so far. RESULTS We generated SPRED1 and SPRED2 overexpressing and SPRED2 knockout murine ES cells to analyze the functions of SPRED proteins in ES cells and during early differentiation. Overexpression of SPREDs increases significantly the self-renewal and clonogenicity of murine ES cells, whereas lack of SPRED2 reduces proliferation and increases apoptosis. During early differentiation in embryoid bodies, SPREDs promote the pluripotent state and inhibit differentiation whereby mesodermal differentiation into cardiomyocytes is considerably delayed and inhibited. LIF- and growth factor-stimulation revealed that SPREDs inhibit ERK/MAPK activation in murine ES cells. However, no effects were detectable on LIF-induced activation of the JAK/STAT3, or PI3K/AKT signaling pathway by SPRED proteins. CONCLUSIONS We show that SPREDs promote self-renewal and inhibit mesodermal differentiation of murine ES cells by selective suppression of the ERK/MAPK signaling pathway in pluripotent cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastian Mühl
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany; Laboratory for Human Genetics, Martinsried, Germany
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Kuperstein I, Grieco L, Cohen DPA, Thieffry D, Zinovyev A, Barillot E. The shortest path is not the one you know: application of biological network resources in precision oncology research. Mutagenesis 2015; 30:191-204. [DOI: 10.1093/mutage/geu078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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36
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Petiti JP, Sosa LDV, Sabatino ME, Vaca AM, Gutiérrez S, De Paul AL, Torres AI. Involvement of MEK/ERK1/2 and PI3K/Akt pathways in the refractory behavior of GH3B6 pituitary tumor cells to the inhibitory effect of TGFβ1. Endocrinology 2015; 156:534-47. [PMID: 25393149 DOI: 10.1210/en.2014-1070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Pituitary tumor cells have a poor response to the growth inhibitory effect of TGFβ1, possibly resulting from the cross talk of TGFβ/Smads signal with other signaling pathways, an undescribed mechanism in these tumoral cells. To address this hypothesis, we investigated whether the mitogen-activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MEK)/ERK1/2 and phosphoinositide-3 kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) pathways were able to regulate the antimitogenic effect of TGFβ1 on GH3B6 cells. TGFβ1 treatment decreased the cell proliferation and induced an activation of mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2/3 (Smad2/3), effects that were potentiated by MEK and PI3K inhibitors, thus indicating the existence of a cross talk between TGFβ1/Smad with the MEK/ERK1/2 or PI3K/Akt pathways. In addition, through immunoprecipitation assays, a direct interaction was observed between Smad2/3-ERK1/2 and Smad2/3-Akt, which decreased when the GH3B6 cells were incubated with TGFβ1 in the presence of MEK or PI3K inhibitors, thereby suggesting that the ERK1/2- and Akt-activated states were involved. These Smad2/3-ERK1/2 and Smad2/3-Akt associations were also confirmed by confocal and transmission electron microscopy. These findings indicate that the TGFβ1-antimitogenic effect in GH3B6 cells was attenuated by the MEK/ERK1/2 and PI3K/Akt pathways via modulating Smad2/3 phosphorylation. This molecular mechanism could explain in part the refractory behavior of pituitary tumor cells to the inhibitory effect of TGFβ1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pablo Petiti
- Centro de Microscopía Electrónica, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas and Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, 5000-Córdoba, Argentina
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Labeur M, Wölfel B, Stalla J, Stalla GK. TMEFF2 is an endogenous inhibitor of the CRH signal transduction pathway. J Mol Endocrinol 2015; 54:51-63. [PMID: 25573902 DOI: 10.1530/jme-14-0225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
TMEFF2 is a transmembrane protein with unknown function, containing an altered epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like motif, two follistatin-like domains, and a cytosolic tail with a putative G-protein-activating motif. TMEFF2 is predominantly expressed in brain and prostate and has been implicated in cell signaling, neuronal cell survival, and tumor suppression. We found that expression of TMEFF2 in pituitary corticotrope cells inhibits the effects of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) on the production of intracellular cAMP, and CREB, and transcription of Pomc. Regulation of the activity of CRH by TMEFF2 requires neither the cytoplasmic tail nor the EGF domain, while deletion of the follistatin modules abolishes the inhibitory function of TMEFF2. Moreover, a soluble secreted protein containing the complete extracellular domain is sufficient for inhibition of CRH signaling. TMEFF2-induced inhibition depends on serum components. Furthermore, TMEFF2 regulates the non-canonical activin/BMP4 signaling, PI3K, and Ras/ERK1/2 pathways. Thus, TMEFF2 inhibits the CRH signaling pathway and the PI3K/AKT and Ras/ERK1/2 pathways, contributing to a significant inhibition of transcription of Pomc. We found that expression of TMEFF2 in human Cushing's adenoma is reduced when compared with normal human pituitary, which may indicate that TMEFF2 acts as a tumor suppressor in these adenomas. Furthermore, the overexpression of TMEFF2 decreased proliferation of corticotrope cells. Our results indicate a potential therapeutic use of TMEFF2 or factors that stimulate the activity of TMEFF2 for the treatment of corticotrope tumors in order to reduce their secretion of ACTH and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Labeur
- Department of NeuroendocrinologyMax Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - Barbara Wölfel
- Department of NeuroendocrinologyMax Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - Johanna Stalla
- Department of NeuroendocrinologyMax Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - Günter K Stalla
- Department of NeuroendocrinologyMax Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany
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Booth AK, Gutierrez-Hartmann A. Signaling pathways regulating pituitary lactotrope homeostasis and tumorigenesis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 846:37-59. [PMID: 25472533 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-12114-7_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of the signaling pathways that govern lactotrope biology contributes to tumorigenesis of prolactin (PRL)-secreting adenomas, or prolactinomas, leading to a state of pathological hyperprolactinemia. Prolactinomas cause hypogonadism, infertility, osteoporosis, and tumor mass effects, and are the most common type of neuroendocrine tumor. In this review, we highlight signaling pathways involved in lactotrope development, homeostasis, and physiology of pregnancy, as well as implications for signaling pathways in pathophysiology of prolactinoma. We also review mutations found in human prolactinoma and briefly discuss animal models that are useful in studying pituitary adenoma, many of which emphasize the fact that alterations in signaling pathways are common in prolactinomas. Although individual mutations have been proposed as possible driving forces for prolactinoma tumorigenesis in humans, no single mutation has been clinically identified as a causative factor for the majority of prolactinomas. A better understanding of lactotrope-specific responses to intracellular signaling pathways is needed to explain the mechanism of tumorigenesis in prolactinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allyson K Booth
- Program in Reproductive Sciences and Integrated Physiology, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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Voskas D, Ling LS, Woodgett JR. Signals controlling un-differentiated states in embryonic stem and cancer cells: role of the phosphatidylinositol 3' kinase pathway. J Cell Physiol 2014; 229:1312-22. [PMID: 24604594 PMCID: PMC4258093 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The capacity of embryonic stem (ES) cells to differentiate into cell lineages comprising the three germ layers makes them powerful tools for studying mammalian early embryonic development in vitro. The human body consists of approximately 210 different somatic cell types, the majority of which have limited proliferative capacity. However, both stem cells and cancer cells bypass this replicative barrier and undergo symmetric division indefinitely when cultured under defined conditions. Several signal transduction pathways play important roles in regulating stem cell development, and aberrant expression of components of these pathways is linked to cancer. Among signaling systems, the critical role of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) coupled to the Jak/STAT3 (signal transduction and activation of transcription-3) pathway in maintaining stem cell self-renewal has been extensively reviewed. This pathway additionally plays multiple roles in tumorigenesis. Likewise, the phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (PKB/Akt) pathway has been determined to play an important role in both stem cell maintenance and tumor development. This pathway is often induced in cancer with frequent mutational activation of the catalytic subunit of PI3K or loss of a primary PI3K antagonist, phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN). This review focusses on roles of the PI3K signal transduction pathway components, with emphasis on functions in stem cell maintenance and cancer. Since the PI3K pathway impinges on and collaborates with other signaling pathways in regulating stem cell development and/or cancer, aspects of the canonical Wnt, Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and TGF-β signaling pathways are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Voskas
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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40
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Zhang X, Xu W, Su J, Chu M, Jin H, Li G, Tan C, Wang X, Wang C. The prosurvival role of autophagy in resveratrol-induced cytotoxicity in GH3 cells. Int J Mol Med 2014; 33:987-93. [PMID: 24534837 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.1660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In a previous study, we reported that resveratrol exerts antitumor effects through the estrogen receptor in prolactinoma. The autophagy/lysosomal degradation pathway plays an important role in damage control and energy efficiency. In this study, we investigated the involvement of autophagy and the related signaling pathways in resveratrol-induced apoptosis of GH3 cells. We demonstrate that resveratrol inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner in GH3 cells. The cleavage of PARP was also observed, and the activation of caspase-3 and caspase-8 was detected. Consistent with this finding, the inhibition of caspase activation effectively attenuated resveratrol-induced cell apoptosis. In addition, the decreased level of Bcl-2 was also observed. The induction of autophagy was confirmed by the detection of the formation of autophagic vacuoles, and the increase in microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3)-II and beclin-1 levels, two hallmarks of autophagy. Pre-treatment with bafilomycin A1 or 3-methyladenine, inhibitors of autophagy, enhanced the resveratrol-mediated caspase activation and cell death. Moreover, resveratrol induced the activation of ERK1/2, as well as the downregulation of Akt and mTOR phosphorylation. Taken together, these findings indicate that resveratrol induces caspase-dependent apoptosis and decreases Bcl-2 levels. In addition, resveratrol-induced autophagy is regulated by the PI3K/Akt/mTOR and ERK1/2 pathways. Furthermore, the inhibition of autophagy increases the cytotoxicity of resveratrol to GH3 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuexin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Wanhai Xu
- Department of Urology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Jun Su
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Ming Chu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Hua Jin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Guofu Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Chunlei Tan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
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Barbieri F, Thellung S, Würth R, Gatto F, Corsaro A, Villa V, Nizzari M, Albertelli M, Ferone D, Florio T. Emerging Targets in Pituitary Adenomas: Role of the CXCL12/CXCR4-R7 System. Int J Endocrinol 2014; 2014:753524. [PMID: 25484899 PMCID: PMC4248486 DOI: 10.1155/2014/753524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokines are chemotactic regulators of immune surveillance in physiological and pathological conditions such as inflammation, infection, and cancer. Several chemokines and cognate receptors are constitutively expressed in the central nervous system, not only in glial and endothelial cells but also in neurons, controlling neurogenesis, neurite outgrowth, and axonal guidance during development. In particular, the chemokine CXCL12 and its receptors, CXCR4 and CXCR7, form a functional network that controls plasticity in different brain areas, influencing neurotransmission, neuromodulation, and cell migration, and the dysregulation of this chemokinergic axis is involved in several neurodegenerative, neuroinflammatory, and malignant diseases. CXCR4 primarily mediates the transduction of proliferative signals, while CXCR7 seems to be mainly responsible for scavenging CXCL12. Importantly, the multiple intracellular signalling generated by CXCL12 interaction with its receptors influences hypothalamic modulation of neuroendocrine functions, although a direct modulation of pituitary functioning via autocrine/paracrine mechanisms was also reported. Both CXCL12 and CXCR4 are constitutively overexpressed in pituitary adenomas and their signalling induces cell survival and proliferation, as well as hormonal hypersecretion. In this review we focus on the physiological and pathological functions of immune-related cyto- and chemokines, mainly focusing on the CXCL12/CXCR4-7 axis, and their role in pituitary tumorigenesis. Accordingly, we discuss the potential targeting of CXCR4 as novel pharmacological approach for pituitary adenomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Barbieri
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 2-16132 Genova, Italy
- *Federica Barbieri:
| | - Stefano Thellung
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 2-16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Roberto Würth
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 2-16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Federico Gatto
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 2-16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Alessandro Corsaro
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 2-16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Valentina Villa
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 2-16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Mario Nizzari
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 2-16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Manuela Albertelli
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 2-16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Diego Ferone
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 2-16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Tullio Florio
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 2-16132 Genova, Italy
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Grieco L, Calzone L, Bernard-Pierrot I, Radvanyi F, Kahn-Perlès B, Thieffry D. Integrative modelling of the influence of MAPK network on cancer cell fate decision. PLoS Comput Biol 2013; 9:e1003286. [PMID: 24250280 PMCID: PMC3821540 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) network consists of tightly interconnected signalling pathways involved in diverse cellular processes, such as cell cycle, survival, apoptosis and differentiation. Although several studies reported the involvement of these signalling cascades in cancer deregulations, the precise mechanisms underlying their influence on the balance between cell proliferation and cell death (cell fate decision) in pathological circumstances remain elusive. Based on an extensive analysis of published data, we have built a comprehensive and generic reaction map for the MAPK signalling network, using CellDesigner software. In order to explore the MAPK responses to different stimuli and better understand their contributions to cell fate decision, we have considered the most crucial components and interactions and encoded them into a logical model, using the software GINsim. Our logical model analysis particularly focuses on urinary bladder cancer, where MAPK network deregulations have often been associated with specific phenotypes. To cope with the combinatorial explosion of the number of states, we have applied novel algorithms for model reduction and for the compression of state transition graphs, both implemented into the software GINsim. The results of systematic simulations for different signal combinations and network perturbations were found globally coherent with published data. In silico experiments further enabled us to delineate the roles of specific components, cross-talks and regulatory feedbacks in cell fate decision. Finally, tentative proliferative or anti-proliferative mechanisms can be connected with established bladder cancer deregulations, namely Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) over-expression and Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 3 (FGFR3) activating mutations. Depending on environmental conditions, strongly intertwined cellular signalling pathways are activated, involving activation/inactivation of proteins and genes in response to external and/or internal stimuli. Alterations of some components of these pathways can lead to wrong cell behaviours. For instance, cancer-related deregulations lead to high proliferation of malignant cells enabling sustained tumour growth. Understanding the precise mechanisms underlying these pathways is necessary to delineate efficient therapeutical approaches for each specific tumour type. We particularly focused on the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) signalling network, whose involvement in cancer is well established, although the precise conditions leading to its positive or negative influence on cell proliferation are still poorly understood. We tackled this problem by first collecting sparse published biological information into a comprehensive map describing the MAPK network in terms of stylised chemical reactions. This information source was then used to build a dynamical Boolean model recapitulating network responses to characteristic stimuli observed in selected bladder cancers. Systematic model simulations further allowed us to link specific network components and interactions with proliferative/anti-proliferative cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Grieco
- Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
- TAGC – Inserm U1090, Marseille, France
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Paris, France
- UMR 8197 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris, France
- Inserm 1024, Paris, France
- Institut Curie, Paris, France
- * E-mail: (LG); (DT)
| | - Laurence Calzone
- Institut Curie, Paris, France
- Inserm U900, Paris, France
- Ecole des Mines ParisTech, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Bernard-Pierrot
- Institut Curie, Paris, France
- UMR 144 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris, France
| | - François Radvanyi
- Institut Curie, Paris, France
- UMR 144 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris, France
| | | | - Denis Thieffry
- TAGC – Inserm U1090, Marseille, France
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Paris, France
- UMR 8197 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris, France
- Inserm 1024, Paris, France
- INRIA Paris-Rocquencourt, Rocquencourt, France
- * E-mail: (LG); (DT)
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Murthy SRK, Dupart E, Al-Sweel N, Chen A, Cawley NX, Loh YP. Carboxypeptidase E promotes cancer cell survival, but inhibits migration and invasion. Cancer Lett 2013; 341:204-13. [PMID: 23941827 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Revised: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Carboxypeptidase E (CPE), a prohormone processing enzyme is highly expressed and secreted from (neuro)endocrine tumors and gliomas, and has been implicated in cancer progression by promoting tumor growth. Our study demonstrates that secreted or exogenously applied CPE promotes survival of pheochromocytoma (PC12) and hepatocellular carcinoma (MHCC97H) cells under nutrient starvation and hypoxic conditions, but had no effect on their proliferation. CPE also reduced migration and invasion of fibrosarcoma (HT1080) cells. We show that CPE treatment mediates survival of MHCC97H cells during metabolic stress by up-regulating the expression of anti-apoptotic protein BCL-2, and other pro-survival genes, via activation of the ERK1/2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saravana R K Murthy
- Section on Cellular Neurobiology, Program on Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD 20892. USA
| | - Evan Dupart
- Section on Cellular Neurobiology, Program on Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD 20892. USA
| | - Najla Al-Sweel
- Section on Cellular Neurobiology, Program on Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD 20892. USA
| | - Alexander Chen
- Section on Cellular Neurobiology, Program on Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD 20892. USA
| | - Niamh X Cawley
- Section on Cellular Neurobiology, Program on Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD 20892. USA
| | - Y Peng Loh
- Section on Cellular Neurobiology, Program on Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD 20892. USA
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Radl D, De Mei C, Chen E, Lee H, Borrelli E. Each individual isoform of the dopamine D2 receptor protects from lactotroph hyperplasia. Mol Endocrinol 2013; 27:953-65. [PMID: 23608643 DOI: 10.1210/me.2013-1008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopamine acting through D2 receptors (D2Rs) controls lactotroph proliferation and prolactin (PRL) levels. Ablation of this receptor in mice results in lactotroph hyperplasia and prolactinomas in aged females. Alternative splicing of the Drd2 gene generates 2 independent isoforms, a long (D2L) and a short (D2S) isoform, which are present in all D2R-expressing cells. Here, we addressed the role of D2L and D2S on lactotroph physiology through the generation and analysis of D2S-null mice and their comparison with D2L-null animals. These mice represent a valuable tool with which to investigate dopamine-dependent isoform-specific signaling in the pituitary gland. We sought to assess the existence of a more prominent role of D2L or D2S in controlling PRL expression and lactotroph hyperplasia. Importantly, we found that D2L and D2S are specifically linked to independent transduction pathways in the pituitary. D2L-mediated signaling inhibits the AKT/protein kinase B kinase activity whereas D2S, in contrast, is required for the activation of the ERK 1/2 pathway. Under normal conditions, presence of only 1 of the 2 D2R isoforms in vivo prevents hyperprolactinemia, formation of lactotroph's hyperplasia, and tumorigenesis that is observed when both isoforms are deleted as in D2R-/- mice. However, the protective function of the single D2R isoforms is overridden when single isoform-knockout mice are challenged by chronic estrogen treatments as they show increased PRL production and lactotroph hyperplasia. Our study indicates that signaling from each of the D2R isoforms is sufficient to maintain lactotroph homeostasis in physiologic conditions; however, signaling from both is necessary in conditions simulating pathologic states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Radl
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale INSERM/UCI U904, France
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Dai C, Zhang B, Liu X, Ma S, Yang Y, Yao Y, Feng M, Bao X, Li G, Wang J, Guo K, Ma W, Xing B, Lian W, Xiao J, Cai F, Zhang H, Wang R. Inhibition of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway enhances temozolomide-induced cytotoxicity in pituitary adenoma cell lines in vitro and xenografted pituitary adenoma in female nude mice. Endocrinology 2013; 154:1247-59. [PMID: 23384836 DOI: 10.1210/en.2012-1908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Invasive pituitary adenomas (PAs) are often refractory to standard therapy and salvage treatment with temozolomide (TMZ). Hyperactivation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway contributes to chemotherapy resistance in many cancers. XL765, a novel dual-PI3K/mTOR inhibitor, has recently shown its efficacy as a monotherapy and in combination with conventional therapeutics in many cancers. The hyperactive PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway frequently occurs in invasive PAs. In this study, we investigated whether XL765 sensitizes PA cells to TMZ in vitro and in vivo. Experiments were carried out to evaluate the effect of XL765 and TMZ alone or in combination on cell proliferation and apoptosis of PA cell lines (αT3-1, GH3, and MMQ) in vitro as well as the tumor growth and serum GH and prolactin secretions in a GH3 xenograft tumor model of female nude mice. XL765 and TMZ synergistically inhibited the growth of PA cell lines and induced apoptosis. Combination of XL765 and TMZ synergistically inhibited tumor growth, decreased serum GH and prolactin levels, and reduced the sacrifice rate of GH3 xenograft tumor models without increased systemic side effects. In addition, XL765 in combination with TMZ dramatically decreased phosphorylation of AKT and mTOR as well as the expression of Bcl-2. The increased expression of cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase and Bcl-2-associated X protein along with elevated caspase-3/7 activity were also observed in the combination group. Therefore, dual inhibitors of PI3K and mTOR may enhance alkylating agent-mediated cytotoxicity and provide a novel regimen in the treatment of invasive PAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congxin Dai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, China
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Targeting Raf/MEK/ERK pathway in pituitary adenomas. Eur J Cancer 2012; 48:389-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2011.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2011] [Revised: 10/01/2011] [Accepted: 11/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Cuny T, Gerard C, Saveanu A, Barlier A, Enjalbert A. Physiopathology of somatolactotroph cells: from transduction mechanisms to cotargeting therapy. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2011; 1220:60-70. [PMID: 21388404 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05924.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In pituitary somatolactotroph cells, G protein-coupled receptors and receptor tyrosine kinases binding their specific ligands trigger an enzymatic cascade that converges to MAP kinase activation in the subcellular compartment. Different signaling pathways, such as AC/cAMP/PKA and PI3K/Akt pathways, interact with MAP kinase to regulate key physiological functions, such as hormonal secretion and cell proliferation. Abnormalities affecting these signaling pathways have been identified as preponderant factors of pituitary tumorigenesis. In addition to trans-sphenoidal surgery, somatostatin analogs are used to control hormonal hypersecretion in GH-secreting adenomas. However, a subset of these tumors remains uncontrolled with these treatFments, calling for new therapeutic approaches. In these cases, novel multivalent somatostatin analogs or new somatostatin-dopamine chimeric molecules could be of interest. Another attractive therapeutic approach may be to use one or several inhibitors acting downstream in the signaling pathway, such as mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor. Cotargeting therapy and gene therapy are promising tools for these problematic pituitary tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Cuny
- Research Center of Neurobiology and Neurophysiology of Marseille, CRN2M, UMR 6231 CNRS, University of Mediterranée, Institut Fédératif Jean Roche, Marseille, France.
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Cakir M, Grossman A. The molecular pathogenesis and management of bronchial carcinoids. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2011; 15:457-91. [DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2011.555403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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The PI3K-Akt pathway regulates calpain 6 expression, proliferation, and apoptosis. Cell Signal 2011; 23:827-36. [PMID: 21255642 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2011.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2010] [Revised: 12/08/2010] [Accepted: 01/10/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The calpains are a family of cysteine proteases involved in some biological processes whose activities are highly dependent on Ca(2+). Calpain 6 (CAPN6), one member of the family, is unique in that it lacks the active-site cysteine residues for protease activity. According to the data that CAPN6 was up-regulated in the Akt transformed mouse embryonic fibroblast cells by cDNA chip, the mechanisms underlying elevated CAPN6 expression by PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and its biological functions were studied. The results showed that CAPN6 was down-regulated on transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels by the PI3K inhibitor or Akt deletion. CAPN6 protein was stabilized by PI3K-GSK-3β pathway. Deleted CAPN6 promoters activity were assessed by dual-luciferase reporter system, and the founding indicated that -93/+200 DNA fragment was the core promoter of it. Transcription factor binding sites in the CAPN6 promoter were mutated and the results showed that AP1, Oct-1, and FoxD3 were the critical transcription factors in regulation of CAPN6 expression. In addition, CAPN6 promoted cancer cell proliferation and inhibited its apoptosis. The finding demonstrates that CAPN6 is regulated by the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and provides evidence that it may be a therapeutic target of cancer.
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