1
|
Pharmacophore modeling, docking and molecular dynamics simulation for identification of novel human protein kinase C beta (PKCβ) inhibitors. Struct Chem 2022; 34:1157-1171. [PMID: 36248344 PMCID: PMC9553083 DOI: 10.1007/s11224-022-02075-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinase Cβ (PKCβ) is considered as an attractive molecular target for the treatment of COVID-19-related acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Several classes of inhibitors have been already identified. In this article, we developed and validated ligand-based PKCβ pharmacophore models based on the chemical structures of the known inhibitors. The most accurate pharmacophore model, which correctly predicted more than 70% active compounds of test set, included three aromatic pharmacophore features without vectors, one hydrogen bond acceptor pharmacophore feature, one hydrophobic pharmacophore feature and 158 excluded volumes. This pharmacophore model was used for virtual screening of compound collection in order to identify novel potent PKCβ inhibitors. Also, molecular docking of compound collection was performed and 28 compounds which were selected simultaneously by two approaches as top-scored were proposed for further biological research.
Collapse
|
2
|
Developmental protein kinase C hyper-activation results in microcephaly and behavioral abnormalities in zebrafish. Transl Psychiatry 2018; 8:232. [PMID: 30352990 PMCID: PMC6199330 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-018-0285-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Susceptible genetic polymorphisms and altered expression levels of protein kinase C (PKC)-encoding genes suggest overactivation of PKC in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) development. To delineate the pathological role of PKC, we pharmacologically stimulated its activity during the early development of zebrafish. Results demonstrated that PKC hyper-activation perturbs zebrafish development and induces a long-lasting head size deficit. The anatomical and cellular analysis revealed reduced neural precursor proliferation and newborn neuron formation. β-Catenin that is essential for brain growth is dramatically degraded. Stabilization of β-catenin by gsk3β inhibition partially restores the head size deficit. In addition, the neuropathogenic effect of developmental PKC hyper-activation was further supported by the alterations in the behavioral domain including motor abnormalities, heightened stress reactivity and impaired habituation learning. Taken together, by causally connecting early-life PKC hyper-activation to these neuropathological traits and the impaired neurogenesis, these results suggest that PKC could be a critical pathway in ASD pathogenesis.
Collapse
|
3
|
Haug MF, Gesemann M, Berger M, Neuhauss SCF. Phylogeny and distribution of protein kinase C variants in the zebrafish. J Comp Neurol 2018; 526:1097-1109. [DOI: 10.1002/cne.24395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marion F. Haug
- University of Zurich, Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Neuroscience Center Zurich and Center for Integrative Human Physiology; Zurich CH-8057 Switzerland
| | - Matthias Gesemann
- University of Zurich, Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Neuroscience Center Zurich and Center for Integrative Human Physiology; Zurich CH-8057 Switzerland
| | - Manuela Berger
- University of Zurich, Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Neuroscience Center Zurich and Center for Integrative Human Physiology; Zurich CH-8057 Switzerland
| | - Stephan C. F. Neuhauss
- University of Zurich, Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Neuroscience Center Zurich and Center for Integrative Human Physiology; Zurich CH-8057 Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
van Eis MJ, Evenou J, Schuler W, Zenke G, Vangrevelinghe E, Wagner J, von Matt P. Indolyl-naphthyl-maleimides as potent and selective inhibitors of protein kinase C-α/β. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:781-786. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
5
|
Botz B, Bölcskei K, Helyes Z. Challenges to develop novel anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 9. [PMID: 27576790 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory diseases and persistent pain of different origin represent common medical, social, and economic burden, and their pharmacotherapy is still an unresolved issue. Therefore, there is a great and urgent need to develop anti-inflammatory and analgesic agents with novel mechanisms of action, but it is a very challenging task. The main problem is the relatively large translational gap between the preclinical experimental data and the clinical results due to characteristics of the models, difficulties with the investigational techniques particularly for pain, as well as species differences in the mechanisms. We summarize here the current state-of-the-art medication and related ongoing strategies, and the novel targets with lead molecules under clinical development. The first members of the gold-standard categories, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, glucocorticoids, and opioids, were introduced decades ago, and since then very few drugs with novel mechanisms of action have been successfully taken to the clinics despite considerable development efforts. Several biologics targeting different key molecules have provided breakthrough in some autoimmune/inflammatory diseases, but they are expensive, only parenterally available, their long-term side effects often limit their administration, and they do not effectively reduce pain. Some kinase inhibitors and phosphodiesterase-4 blockers have recently been introduced as new directions. There are in fact some promising novel approaches at different clinical stages of drug development focusing on transient receptor potential vanilloid 1/ankyrin 1 channel antagonism, inhibition of voltage-gated sodium/calcium channels, several enzymes (kinases, semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidases, and matrix metalloproteinases), cytokines/chemokines, transcription factors, nerve growth factor, and modulation of several G protein-coupled receptors (cannabinoids, purinoceptors, and neuropeptides). WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2017, 9:e1427. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1427 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bálint Botz
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Kata Bölcskei
- János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Helyes
- János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,MTA-PTE NAP B Chronic Pain Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Boudreault PL, Mattler JK, Wender PA. Studies on the regio- and diastereo-selective epoxidation of daphnanes and tiglianes. Tetrahedron Lett 2015; 56:3423-3427. [PMID: 26034334 PMCID: PMC4449265 DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.01.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Daphnanes and tiglianes are diterpenes with a shared tricyclic 5-7-6 ring system. Many members exhibit significant biological activities often associated with protein kinase C signaling. Many of these natural products (~100) have a C6-C7 α-epoxide whose influence on biological activity is little studied. Using the more readily available phorbol ester PDBu as a test substrate, we report an efficient, and potentially general, α-epoxidation method based on a vanadium-catalyzed asymmetric epoxidation with bishydroxamic acid (BHA) ligands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Luc Boudreault
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5080, USA
| | - Jennifer K. Mattler
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5080, USA
| | - Paul A. Wender
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5080, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Moilanen E. Two faces of inflammation: an immunopharmacological view. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2014; 114:2-6. [PMID: 24286361 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is a protective response intended to eliminate pathogens and other offending agents which have potential to cause cell injury, as well as malignant and necrotic cells. However, if the inflammatory response is dysregulated or inappropriately focused, it has considerable potential to cause harm and can lead to development of inflammatory diseases such as allergic and autoimmune diseases. Despite the recent success in cytokine-targeted therapies, for example by the use of specific biological drugs, there are still considerable unmet needs in the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Further, recent discoveries in many diseases in addition to the classical inflammatory diseases have revealed inflammation to be a major factor participating in the underlying pathophysiological processes, either through activation of inflammatory cells or through triggering of inflammatory signalling mechanisms in the tissue cells. Examples of such diseases and conditions are many cardiovascular, metabolic and degenerative diseases, as well as cancer, obesity and pain. This brings the immunopharmacological approach into a new perspective in the drug development in very wide therapeutic areas. Immunopharmacology investigates mechanisms of inflammation and potential molecules and targets to treat inflammatory diseases. The current issue of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology focuses on some of the novel inflammatory mechanisms with potential in anti-inflammatory drug development, including kinase pathways, TRP ion channels, eicosanoid system, obesity-related adipokines, autoantibodies against citrullinated proteins, eosinophils, platelets and pathways connecting nervous and immune systems. The MiniReviews are based on lectures given at the symposium "Novel Drugs and Drug Targets to Treat Inflammation" in Ylläs, Finland, in March 2013.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eeva Moilanen
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, University of Tampere School of Medicine and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Vella LJ, Andrews MC, Behren A, Cebon J, Woods K. Immune consequences of kinase inhibitors in development, undergoing clinical trials and in current use in melanoma treatment. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2014; 10:1107-23. [PMID: 24939732 DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.2014.929943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Metastatic malignant melanoma is a frequently fatal cancer. In recent years substantial therapeutic progress has occurred with the development of targeted kinase inhibitors and immunotherapeutics. Targeted therapies often result in rapid clinical benefit however responses are seldom durable. Immune therapies can result in durable disease control but responses may not be immediate. Optimal cancer therapy requires both rapid and durable cancer control and this can likely best be achieved by combining targeted therapies with immunotherapeutics. To achieve this, a detailed understanding of the immune consequences of the various kinase inhibitors, in development, clinical trial and currently used to treat melanoma is required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura J Vella
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Melbourne-Austin Branch, Cancer Immuno-biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
Protein kinase C (PKC) is a family of phospholipid-dependent serine/threonine kinases, which can be further classified into three PKC isozymes subfamilies: conventional or classic, novel or nonclassic, and atypical. PKC isozymes are known to be involved in cell proliferation, survival, invasion, migration, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and drug resistance. Because of their key roles in cell signaling, PKC isozymes also have the potential to be promising therapeutic targets for several diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, immune and inflammatory diseases, neurological diseases, metabolic disorders, and multiple types of cancer. This review primarily focuses on the activation, mechanism, and function of PKC isozymes during cancer development and progression.
Collapse
|
10
|
Saha T, Maitra R, Chattopadhyay SK. A unified approach to the important protein kinase inhibitor balanol and a proposed analogue. Beilstein J Org Chem 2013; 9:2910-5. [PMID: 24454570 PMCID: PMC3896276 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.9.327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A common approach to the important protein kinase inhibitor (−)-balanol and an azepine-ring-modified balanol derivative has been developed using an efficient fragment coupling protocol which proceeded in good overall yield.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tapan Saha
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kalyani, Kalyani - 741235, West Bengal, India
| | - Ratnava Maitra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kalyani, Kalyani - 741235, West Bengal, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Leppänen T, Tuominen RK, Moilanen E. Protein kinase C and its inhibitors in the regulation of inflammation: inducible nitric oxide synthase as an example. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2013; 114:37-43. [PMID: 24107256 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Protein kinase C (PKC) is a family of ten isoenzymes that play a crucial role in cellular signal transduction. Studies with PKC knockout animals have revealed that many of the isoenzymes are involved in cell growth, proliferation and differentiation. Several PKC isoenzymes have also been shown to be important mediators in inflammation and immunity, particularly in lymphocyte responses. However, less is known about the role of PKC in the regulation of the expression of inflammatory genes. In inflammatory processes, nitric oxide is primarily produced by inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in inflammatory cells, such as macrophages. In innate immunity, nitric oxide functions as an effector molecule towards the infectious organisms. Increased levels of nitric oxide are also produced by inflammatory and tissue cells in inflammatory diseases, such as asthma and arthritis. In this MiniReview, the role of PKC isoenzymes in the pathogenesis and as a potential drug target in inflammation will be discussed presenting iNOS as an example of an inflammatory gene regulated by the pleiotropic PKC signalling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiina Leppänen
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, University of Tampere School of Medicine and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Tremmel DM, Resad S, Little CJ, Wesley CS. Notch and PKC are involved in formation of the lateral region of the dorso-ventral axis in Drosophila embryos. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67789. [PMID: 23861806 PMCID: PMC3701627 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The Notch gene encodes an evolutionarily conserved cell surface receptor that generates regulatory signals based on interactions between neighboring cells. In Drosophila embryos it is normally expressed at a low level due to strong negative regulation. When this negative regulation is abrogated neurogenesis in the ventral region is suppressed, the development of lateral epidermis is severely disrupted, and the dorsal aminoserosa is expanded. Of these phenotypes only the anti-neurogenic phenotype could be linked to excess canonical Notch signaling. The other phenotypes were linked to high levels of Notch protein expression at the surface of cells in the lateral regions indicating that a non-canonical Notch signaling activity normally functions in these regions. Results of our studies reported here provide evidence. They show that Notch activities are inextricably linked to that of Pkc98E, the homolog of mammalian PKCδ. Notch and Pkc98E up-regulate the levels of the phosphorylated form of IκBCactus, a negative regulator of Toll signaling, and Mothers against dpp (MAD), an effector of Dpp signaling. Our data suggest that in the lateral regions of the Drosophila embryos Notch activity, in conjunction with Pkc98E activity, is used to form the slopes of the opposing gradients of Toll and Dpp signaling that specify cell fates along the dorso-ventral axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M. Tremmel
- Departments of Genetics and Medical Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Sedat Resad
- Departments of Genetics and Medical Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Christopher J. Little
- Departments of Genetics and Medical Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Cedric S. Wesley
- Departments of Genetics and Medical Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Huemer HP, Geiger M, Posch W, Krumböck N, Fresser F, Wilflingseder D, Uberall F. Protein kinase C overexpression does not enhance immune-stimulatory surface markers of vaccinia-infected dendritic cells and DC cell lines. Immunol Invest 2013; 42:164-77. [PMID: 23323525 PMCID: PMC9491103 DOI: 10.3109/08820139.2012.750340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
One of the shortcomings of vaccinia virus (VACV) as immunization vector is the down-regulation of HLA and costimulatory molecules in antigen presenting cells. To overcome this problem we investigated the use of protein kinase C (PKC) as immune stimulatory agent. Thus several classical and atypical PKCs were inserted into wild-type or attenuated VACV using recombination into the hemagglutinin gene and the expression driven by the VACV 7,5K-IE gene promoter. Recombinant constructs expressing PKC-alpha, -beta, -theta as well as wild-type, constitutive active or dominant negative PKC-zeta constructs were generated. Additional constructs expressing PKB/Akt1 and ICAM-1 were used for comparison. Immature and mature peripheral blood derived-dendritic cells (DC) as well as lymphoid cell lines capable of obtaining a DC-like phenotype upon mitogen stimulation were infected. Disappointingly, VACV-driven PKC overexpression did not significantly enhance expression of various activation markers or costimulatory molecules tested. Neither CD86 nor HLA-DR expression was upregulated and also no influence on the maturation of DC, as measured by DC-SIGN and CD83, was observed. However, VACV did not interfere with LPS induced up-regulation of CD83 and did not lead to substantial apoptosis of infected DC within the first 24 hours.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hartwig P Huemer
- Department of Hygiene, Microbiology & Social Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
Protein kinase C (PKC) has been a tantalizing target for drug discovery ever since it was first identified as the receptor for the tumour promoter phorbol ester in 1982. Although initial therapeutic efforts focused on cancer, additional indications--including diabetic complications, heart failure, myocardial infarction, pain and bipolar disorder--were targeted as researchers developed a better understanding of the roles of eight conventional and novel PKC isozymes in health and disease. Unfortunately, both academic and pharmaceutical efforts have yet to result in the approval of a single new drug that specifically targets PKC. Why does PKC remain an elusive drug target? This Review provides a short account of some of the efforts, challenges and opportunities in developing PKC modulators to address unmet clinical needs.
Collapse
|
15
|
Leppänen T, Korhonen R, Laavola M, Nieminen R, Tuominen RK, Moilanen E. Down-regulation of protein kinase Cδ inhibits inducible nitric oxide synthase expression through IRF1. PLoS One 2013; 8:e52741. [PMID: 23326354 PMCID: PMC3541401 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2012] [Accepted: 11/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In inflammation, pro-inflammatory cytokines and bacterial products induce the production of high amounts of NO by inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in inflammatory and tissue cells. NO is an effector molecule in innate immunity, and it also has regulatory and pro-inflammatory/destructive effects in the inflammatory process. Protein kinase Cδ (PKCδ) is an important signaling protein regulating B lymphocyte functions, but less is known about its effects in innate immunity and inflammatory gene expression. In the present study we investigated the role of PKCδ in the regulation of iNOS expression in inflammatory conditions. NO production and iNOS expression were induced by LPS or a combination of cytokines IFNγ, IL-1β, and TNFα. Down-regulation of PKCδ by siRNA and inhibition of PKCδ by rottlerin suppressed NO production and iNOS expression in activated macrophages and fibroblasts. PKCδ directed siRNA and inhibition of PKCδ by rottlerin suppressed also the expression of transcription factor IRF1, possibly through inhibition of STAT1 activation. Accordingly, down-regulation of IRF1 by siRNA reduced iNOS expression in response to inflammatory stimuli. In addition, inhibition of PKCδ showed anti-inflammatory effects in carrageenan induced paw inflammation in mice as did iNOS inhibitor L-NIL. These results suggest that inhibitors of PKCδ have anti-inflammatory effects in disease states complicated by enhanced NO production through iNOS pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiina Leppänen
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, University of Tampere School of Medicine and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Riku Korhonen
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, University of Tampere School of Medicine and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mirka Laavola
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, University of Tampere School of Medicine and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Riina Nieminen
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, University of Tampere School of Medicine and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Raimo K. Tuominen
- The Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Helsinki Faculty of Pharmacy, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eeva Moilanen
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, University of Tampere School of Medicine and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Polyphenol derivatives - potential regulators of neutrophil activity. Interdiscip Toxicol 2012; 5:65-70. [PMID: 23118589 PMCID: PMC3485655 DOI: 10.2478/v10102-012-0011-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2012] [Revised: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 05/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The study provides new information on the effect of natural polyphenols (derivatives of stilbene - resveratrol, pterostilbene, pinosylvin and piceatannol and derivatives of ferulic acid - curcumin, N-feruloylserotonin) on the activity of human neutrophils in influencing oxidative burst. All the polyphenols tested were found to reduce markedly the production of reactive oxygen species released by human neutrophils on extra-and intracellular levels as well as in cell free system. Moreover, pinosylvin, curcumin, N-feruloylserotonin and resveratrol decreased protein kinase C activity involved in neutrophil signalling and reactive oxygen species production. Our results suggest that due to their anti-neutrophil activity, the polyphenols tested might be attractive candidates in therapeutic development.
Collapse
|
17
|
Ji L, Chauhan A, Chauhan V. Reduced activity of protein kinase C in the frontal cortex of subjects with regressive autism: relationship with developmental abnormalities. Int J Biol Sci 2012; 8:1075-84. [PMID: 22949890 PMCID: PMC3432855 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.4742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2012] [Accepted: 08/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder with unknown etiology. In some cases, typically developing children regress into clinical symptoms of autism, a condition known as regressive autism. Protein kinases are essential for G-protein-coupled receptor-mediated signal transduction, and are involved in neuronal functions, gene expression, memory, and cell differentiation. Recently, we reported decreased activity of protein kinase A (PKA) in the frontal cortex of subjects with regressive autism. In the present study, we analyzed the activity of protein kinase C (PKC) in the cerebellum and different regions of cerebral cortex from subjects with regressive autism, autistic subjects without clinical history of regression, and age-matched control subjects. In the frontal cortex of subjects with regressive autism, PKC activity was significantly decreased by 57.1% as compared to age-matched control subjects (p = 0.0085), and by 65.8% as compared to non-regressed autistic subjects (p = 0.0048). PKC activity was unaffected in the temporal, parietal and occipital cortices, and in the cerebellum in both autism groups, i.e., regressive and non-regressed autism as compared to control subjects. These results suggest brain region-specific alteration of PKC activity in the frontal cortex of subjects with regressive autism. Further studies showed a negative correlation between PKC activity and restrictive, repetitive and stereotyped pattern of behavior (r= -0.084, p = 0.0363) in autistic individuals, suggesting involvement of PKC in behavioral abnormalities in autism. These findings suggest that regression in autism may be attributed, in part, to alterations in G-protein-coupled receptor-mediated signal transduction involving PKA and PKC in the frontal cortex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lina Ji
- NYS Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, 1050 Forest Hill Road, Staten Island, New York 10314, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
van Eis MJ, Evenou JP, Floersheim P, Gaul C, Cowan-Jacob SW, Monovich L, Rummel G, Schuler W, Stark W, Strauss A, von Matt A, Vangrevelinghe E, Wagner J, Soldermann N. 2,6-Naphthyridines as potent and selective inhibitors of the novel protein kinase C isozymes. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:7367-72. [PMID: 22078216 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2011] [Revised: 10/05/2011] [Accepted: 10/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The present study describes a novel series of ATP-competitive PKC inhibitors based on the 2,6-naphthyridine template. Example compounds potently inhibit the novel Protein Kinase C (PKC) isotypes δ, ε, η, θ (in particular PKCε/η, and display a 10-100-fold selectivity over the classical PKC isotypes. The prototype compound 11 was found to inhibit PKCθ-dependent pathways in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, a-CD3/a-CD28-induced lymphocyte proliferation could be effectively blocked in 10% rat whole blood. In mice, 11 dose-dependently inhibited Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B-triggered IL-2 serum levels after oral dosing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maurice J van Eis
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Forum 1, Novartis Campus, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Triantafyllou A, Bikineyeva A, Dikalova A, Nazarewicz R, Lerakis S, Dikalov S. Anti-inflammatory activity of Chios mastic gum is associated with inhibition of TNF-alpha induced oxidative stress. Nutr J 2011; 10:64. [PMID: 21645369 PMCID: PMC3127998 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2891-10-64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2010] [Accepted: 06/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gum of Chios mastic (Pistacia lentiscus var. chia) is a natural antimicrobial agent that has found extensive use in pharmaceutical products and as a nutritional supplement. The molecular mechanisms of its anti-inflammatory activity, however, are not clear. In this work, the potential role of antioxidant activity of Chios mastic gum has been evaluated. Methods Scavenging of superoxide radical was investigated by electron spin resonance and spin trapping technique using EMPO spin trap in xanthine oxidase system. Superoxide production in endothelial and smooth muscle cells stimulated with TNF-α or angiotensin II and treated with vehicle (DMSO) or mastic gum (0.1-10 μg/ml) was measured by DHE and HPLC. Cellular H2O2 was measured by Amplex Red. Inhibition of protein kinase C (PKC) with mastic gum was determined by the decrease of purified PKC activity, by inhibition of PKC activity in cellular homogenate and by attenuation of superoxide production in cells treated with PKC activator phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). Results Spin trapping study did not show significant scavenging of superoxide by mastic gum itself. However, mastic gum inhibited cellular production of superoxide and H2O2 in dose dependent manner in TNF-α treated rat aortic smooth muscle cells but did not affect unstimulated cells. TNF-α significantly increased the cellular superoxide production by NADPH oxidase, while mastic gum completely abolished this stimulation. Mastic gum inhibited the activity of purified PKC, decreased PKC activity in cell homogenate, and attenuated superoxide production in cells stimulated with PKC activator PMA and PKC-dependent angiotensin II in endothelial cells. Conclusion We suggest that mastic gum inhibits PKC which attenuates production of superoxide and H2O2 by NADPH oxidases. This antioxidant property may have direct implication to the anti-inflammatory activity of the Chios mastic gum.
Collapse
|
20
|
A cell-death-defying factor, anamorsin mediates cell growth through inactivation of PKC and p38MAPK. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 405:303-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2011] [Accepted: 01/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
21
|
Leppänen T, Jalonen U, Korhonen R, Tuominen RK, Moilanen E. Inhibition of protein kinase Cdelta reduces tristetraprolin expression by destabilizing its mRNA in activated macrophages. Eur J Pharmacol 2009; 628:220-5. [PMID: 19925787 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2009.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2009] [Revised: 10/22/2009] [Accepted: 11/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Tristetraprolin (TTP) binds to AU-rich elements within the mRNAs of several inflammatory genes and causes destabilization of the target mRNAs. The protein kinase C (PKC) pathway represents a major signalling system in inflammation and PKCdelta is one of the key isoenzymes in the regulation of inflammatory processes. In the present study, we investigated the role of PKCdelta in the regulation of the expression of tristetraprolin in activated macrophages by using the PKCdelta inhibitor, rottlerin, and by downregulating PKCdelta expression by using PKCdelta siRNA. TTP protein and mRNA expression were measured by Western blotting and quantitative RT-PCR, respectively. TTP and TNFalpha mRNA decays were studied by the actinomycin D assay. In addition, we measured nuclear translocation of transcription factors believed to be important for TTP transcription, i.e. NF-kappaB, AP-2, SP1 and EGR1. Downregulation of PKCdelta by siRNA decreased significantly TTP expression in activated macrophages. Rottlerin also decreased TTP expression in wild type cells but not in cells in which PKCdelta had been downregulated by siRNA. Rottlerin decreased TTP mRNA half-life as measured by actinomycin D assay but it did not affect the nuclear translocation of transcription factors NF-kappaB, Sp1, AP-2 or EGR1 (which have been shown to be involved in TTP transcription). In addition, rottlerin reduced the decay of TNFalpha mRNA, which is an important target of TTP. The results suggest that PKCdelta up-regulates the expression of TTP by stabilizing its mRNA which may serve as a feed-back loop to regulate the inflammatory response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiina Leppänen
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, University of Tampere Medical School and Research Unit, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zhang T, Edwards NY, Bonizzoni M, Anslyn EV. The Use of Differential Receptors to Pattern Peptide Phosphorylation. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:11976-84. [DOI: 10.1021/ja9041675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tianzhi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, and Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State Worthington Scranton, Dunmore, Pennsylvania 18512
| | - Nicola Y. Edwards
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, and Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State Worthington Scranton, Dunmore, Pennsylvania 18512
| | - Marco Bonizzoni
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, and Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State Worthington Scranton, Dunmore, Pennsylvania 18512
| | - Eric V. Anslyn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, and Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State Worthington Scranton, Dunmore, Pennsylvania 18512
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Meier M, Menne J, Haller H. Targeting the protein kinase C family in the diabetic kidney: lessons from analysis of mutant mice. Diabetologia 2009; 52:765-75. [PMID: 19238353 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-009-1278-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2008] [Accepted: 01/07/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The protein kinase C (PKC) superfamily comprises proteins that are activated in response to various pathogenic stimuli in the diabetic state. Hyperglycaemia is the predominant stimulus that induces the activation of distinct PKC isoforms within a cell, each mediating specific functions, probably through differential subcellular localisation. The contribution of individual PKC isoforms can be directly addressed in vivo using innovative PKC-isoform-specific knockout (KO) mouse models, which are providing key insights into the physiological function of PKC isoform diversity in the development of diabetic nephropathy. Such studies can be a valuable complementary approach to more commonly used pharmacological analyses using agents such as ruboxistaurin mesylate (Arxxant, LY333531), which is claimed to specifically inhibit the PKC-beta-isoform. As expected given the multiple and specific properties of the isoforms in vitro, deletion of different PKC isoform signalling pathways leads to distinct phenotypes in mice. Notably, KOs of the individual PKCs assigned specific non-redundant biological functions to each isoform, which were not compensated for by the others. Thus, PKC isoform specificity and cellular diversity seem to be responsible for the divergent outcomes leading to albuminuria and/or renal fibrosis according to studies on the streptozotocin-induced mouse model of diabetes. This review discusses the role of individual PKC isoforms in diabetic nephropathy and their potential therapeutic implications. Defining and targeting mediators of increased intracellular activation in the diabetic microvasculature will have important clinical and therapeutic benefits and help in the design of novel effective therapies in the near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Meier
- Department of Nephrology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Jiang L, Wei XF, Yi DH, Xu P, Liu H, Chang Q, Yang SM, Li ZF, Gao HB, Hao GJ. Synergistic effects of cyclic strain and Th1-like cytokines on tenascin-C production by rheumatic aortic valve interstitial cells. Clin Exp Immunol 2009; 155:216-23. [PMID: 19040616 PMCID: PMC2675252 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2008.03747.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/08/2008] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tenascin-C (TN-C) is a key component of extracellular matrix (ECM) and its expression process is poorly understood during rheumatic heart valvular disease (RHVD). In this study, we found that interferon (IFN)-gamma, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and TN-C concentrations in patients with RHVD were significantly higher than in normal controls. More IFN-gamma receptors and TNF receptors were found being expressed on rheumatic aortic valves interstitial cells than on non-rheumatic ones and their expression was patients' sera dependent. Antibodies neutralizing IFN-gamma or TNF-alpha could attenuate patients' sera-induced TN-C transcription by isolated rheumatic aortic valves interstitial cells. By application with different protein kinase inhibitors, we found that combined with cyclic strain, TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma induced TN-C transcription through the RhoA/ROCK signalling pathway. At the same time, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase was involved in TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma induced TN-C transcription. TNF-alpha also increased TN-C mRNA level by additional PKC and ERK 1/2 activation. Our finding revealed a new insight into ECM remodelling during RHVD pathogenesis and new mechanisms involved in the clinical anti-IFN-gamma and anti-TNF-alpha therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Jiang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|