1
|
Trojan A, Lone YC, Briceno I, Trojan J. Anti-Gene IGF-I Vaccines in Cancer Gene Therapy: A Review of a Case of Glioblastoma. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:1983-2002. [PMID: 38031775 DOI: 10.2174/0109298673237968231106095141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Vaccines for the deadliest brain tumor - glioblastoma (GBM) - are generally based on targeting growth factors or their receptors, often using antibodies. The vaccines described in the review were prepared to suppress the principal cancer growth factor - IGF-I, using anti-gene approaches either of antisense (AS) or of triple helix (TH) type. Our objective was to increase the median survival of patients treated with AS and TH cell vaccines. METHODOLOGY The cells were transfected in vitro by both constructed IGF-I AS and IGF-I TH expression episomal vectors; part of these cells was co-cultured with plant phytochemicals, modulating IGF-I expression. Both AS and TH approaches completely suppressed IGF-I expression and induced MHC-1 / B7 immunogenicity related to the IGF-I receptor signal. RESULTS This immunogenicity proved to be stronger in IGF-I TH than in IGF-I AS-prepared cell vaccines, especially in TH / phytochemical cells. The AS and TH vaccines generated an important TCD8+ and TCD8+CD11b- immune response in treated GBM patients and increased the median survival of patients up to 17-18 months, particularly using TH vaccines; in some cases, 2- and 3-year survival was reported. These clinical results were compared with those obtained in therapies targeting other growth factors. CONCLUSION The anti-gene IGF-I vaccines continue to be applied in current GBM personalized medicine. Technical improvements in the preparation of AS and TH vaccines to increase MHC-1 and B7 immunogenicity have, in parallel, allowed to increase in the median survival of patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annabelle Trojan
- INSERM UMR 1197, Cancer Center & University of Paris / Saclay, PO Box: 94802 Villejuif, France
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Cartagena, PO Box: 130014 Cartagena de Indias, Colombia
| | - Yu-Chun Lone
- INSERM UMR 1197, Cancer Center & University of Paris / Saclay, PO Box: 94802 Villejuif, France
- CEDEA / ICGT - Center of Oncological Diseases Diagnosis, PO Box: 110231 Bogota, Colombia
| | - Ignacio Briceno
- Faculty of Medicine, University of La Sabana, PO Box: 250008 Chia, Colombia
| | - Jerzy Trojan
- INSERM UMR 1197, Cancer Center & University of Paris / Saclay, PO Box: 94802 Villejuif, France
- CEDEA / ICGT - Center of Oncological Diseases Diagnosis, PO Box: 110231 Bogota, Colombia
- National Academy of Medicine - ANM, PO Box: 75272 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhou Q, Xiang J, Qiu N, Wang Y, Piao Y, Shao S, Tang J, Zhou Z, Shen Y. Tumor Abnormality-Oriented Nanomedicine Design. Chem Rev 2023; 123:10920-10989. [PMID: 37713432 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Anticancer nanomedicines have been proven effective in mitigating the side effects of chemotherapeutic drugs. However, challenges remain in augmenting their therapeutic efficacy. Nanomedicines responsive to the pathological abnormalities in the tumor microenvironment (TME) are expected to overcome the biological limitations of conventional nanomedicines, enhance the therapeutic efficacies, and further reduce the side effects. This Review aims to quantitate the various pathological abnormalities in the TME, which may serve as unique endogenous stimuli for the design of stimuli-responsive nanomedicines, and to provide a broad and objective perspective on the current understanding of stimuli-responsive nanomedicines for cancer treatment. We dissect the typical transport process and barriers of cancer drug delivery, highlight the key design principles of stimuli-responsive nanomedicines designed to tackle the series of barriers in the typical drug delivery process, and discuss the "all-into-one" and "one-for-all" strategies for integrating the needed properties for nanomedicines. Ultimately, we provide insight into the challenges and future perspectives toward the clinical translation of stimuli-responsive nanomedicines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quan Zhou
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Smart Biomaterials and Center for Bionanoengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Department of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiajia Xiang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Smart Biomaterials and Center for Bionanoengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Department of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Nasha Qiu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Smart Biomaterials and Center for Bionanoengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yechun Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ying Piao
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Smart Biomaterials and Center for Bionanoengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shiqun Shao
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Smart Biomaterials and Center for Bionanoengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jianbin Tang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Smart Biomaterials and Center for Bionanoengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhuxian Zhou
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Smart Biomaterials and Center for Bionanoengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Youqing Shen
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Smart Biomaterials and Center for Bionanoengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cleymaet R, Vermassen T, Coopman R, Vermeersch H, De Keukeleire S, Rottey S. The Therapeutic Landscape of Salivary Gland Malignancies-Where Are We Now? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314891. [PMID: 36499216 PMCID: PMC9740091 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Salivary gland malignancies (SGMs) account for less than 5% of new diagnoses in head and neck tumors. If feasible, surgery is the preferred treatment modality. Nevertheless, some malignancies have a tendency of recurrence, with possible distant metastasis. Alternative treatment strategies, such as primary radiation or chemotherapeutics, often present low response rates. As a result, there is an unmet need for novel therapeutic approaches. Nowadays, target-based therapies (e.g., small inhibitors and immunotherapy) are used by the medical oncologist for possible treatment of advanced SGMs. Based on recent published trials, some novel treatments may provide additional disease control for some patients. However, sample sizes are small, the general findings are unsatisfactory, and a lot of uncertainties remain to be elucidated. Nevertheless, research shows that patients do not benefit from blind administration of systemic treatments and therefore a more personalized approach is highly needed. The aim of this review paper is to summarize the most recent advances in the biological understanding and molecular pathways of salivary gland cancers, the association of these pathways with the current treatments used and their implications for more personalized targeted-based therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robbert Cleymaet
- Department of Oromaxillofacial and Plastic Surgery, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tijl Vermassen
- Department Medical Oncology, University Hospital Ghent, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Department Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-9-332-26-92
| | - Renaat Coopman
- Department of Oromaxillofacial and Plastic Surgery, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hubert Vermeersch
- Department of Oromaxillofacial and Plastic Surgery, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stijn De Keukeleire
- Department Internal Medicine, University Hospital Brussels, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sylvie Rottey
- Department Medical Oncology, University Hospital Ghent, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Department Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Drug Research Unit Ghent, University Hospital Ghent, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Crudden C, Shibano T, Song D, Dragomir MP, Cismas S, Serly J, Nedelcu D, Fuentes-Mattei E, Tica A, Calin GA, Girnita A, Girnita L. Inhibition of G Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 2 Promotes Unbiased Downregulation of IGF1 Receptor and Restrains Malignant Cell Growth. Cancer Res 2020; 81:501-514. [PMID: 33158816 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-1662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The ability of a receptor to preferentially activate only a subset of available downstream signal cascades is termed biased signaling. Although comprehensively recognized for the G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR), this process is scarcely explored downstream of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK), including the cancer-relevant insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF1R). Successful IGF1R targeting requires receptor downregulation, yet therapy-mediated removal from the cell surface activates cancer-protective β-arrestin-biased signaling (β-arr-BS). As these overlapping processes are initiated by the β-arr/IGF1R interaction and controlled by GPCR-kinases (GRK), we explored GRKs as potential anticancer therapeutic targets to disconnect IGF1R downregulation and β-arr-BS. Transgenic modulation demonstrated that GRK2 inhibition or GRK6 overexpression enhanced degradation of IGF1R, but both scenarios sustained IGF1-induced β-arr-BS. Pharmacologic inhibition of GRK2 by the clinically approved antidepressant, serotonin reuptake inhibitor paroxetine (PX), recapitulated the effects of GRK2 silencing with dose- and time-dependent IGF1R downregulation without associated β-arr-BS. In vivo, PX treatment caused substantial downregulation of IGF1R, suppressing the growth of Ewing's sarcoma xenografts. Functional studies reveal that PX exploits the antagonism between β-arrestin isoforms; in low ligand conditions, PX favored β-arrestin1/Mdm2-mediated ubiquitination/degradation of IGF1R, a scenario usually exclusive to ligand abundancy, making PX more effective than antibody-mediated IGF1R downregulation. This study provides the rationale, molecular mechanism, and validation of a clinically feasible concept for "system bias" targeting of the IGF1R to uncouple downregulation from signaling. Demonstrating system bias as an effective anticancer approach, our study reveals a novel strategy for the rational design or repurposing of therapeutics to selectively cross-target the IGF1R or other RTK. SIGNIFICANCE: This work provides insight into the molecular and biological roles of biased signaling downstream RTK and provides a novel "system bias" strategy to increase the efficacy of anti-IGF1R-targeted therapy in cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caitrin Crudden
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, BioClinicum, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Takashi Shibano
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, BioClinicum, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dawei Song
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, BioClinicum, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mihnea P Dragomir
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Sonia Cismas
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, BioClinicum, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Julianna Serly
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, BioClinicum, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniela Nedelcu
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, BioClinicum, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Enrique Fuentes-Mattei
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Andrei Tica
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
| | - George A Calin
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ada Girnita
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, BioClinicum, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Dermatology Department, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Leonard Girnita
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, BioClinicum, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Crudden C, Girnita L. The tale of a tail: The secret behind IGF-1R's oncogenic power. Sci Signal 2020; 13:13/633/eabb7887. [PMID: 32457114 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abb7887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The C-terminal tail of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) has long been appreciated to drive much of this receptor's oncogenic power. In this issue of Science Signaling, Rieger et al. have shown that Tyr1250 and Tyr1251 of IGF-1R are autophosphorylated in a cell adhesion-dependent manner, uncovering a previously unknown plasma membrane-Golgi trafficking route for IGF-1R in migratory cells, an integral part of the malignant phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caitrin Crudden
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, BioClinicum, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, 17164 Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Leonard Girnita
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, BioClinicum, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, 17164 Stockholm, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Crudden C, Song D, Cismas S, Trocmé E, Pasca S, Calin GA, Girnita A, Girnita L. Below the Surface: IGF-1R Therapeutic Targeting and Its Endocytic Journey. Cells 2019; 8:cells8101223. [PMID: 31600876 PMCID: PMC6829878 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ligand-activated plasma membrane receptors follow pathways of endocytosis through the endosomal sorting apparatus. Receptors cluster in clathrin-coated pits that bud inwards and enter the cell as clathrin-coated vesicles. These vesicles travel through the acidic endosome whereby receptors and ligands are sorted to be either recycled or degraded. The traditional paradigm postulated that the endocytosis role lay in signal termination through the removal of the receptor from the cell surface. It is now becoming clear that the internalization process governs more than receptor signal cessation and instead reigns over the entire spatial and temporal wiring of receptor signaling. Governing the localization, the post-translational modifications, and the scaffolding of receptors and downstream signal components established the endosomal platform as the master regulator of receptor function. Confinement of components within or between distinct organelles means that the endosome instructs the cell on how to interpret and translate the signal emanating from any given receptor complex into biological effects. This review explores this emerging paradigm with respect to the cancer-relevant insulin-like growth factor type 1 receptor (IGF-1R) and discusses how this perspective could inform future targeting strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caitrin Crudden
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cellular and Molecular Tumor Pathology, Karolinska Institute, and Karolinska University Hospital, 17164 Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Centre, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Dawei Song
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cellular and Molecular Tumor Pathology, Karolinska Institute, and Karolinska University Hospital, 17164 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Sonia Cismas
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cellular and Molecular Tumor Pathology, Karolinska Institute, and Karolinska University Hospital, 17164 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Eric Trocmé
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cellular and Molecular Tumor Pathology, Karolinska Institute, and Karolinska University Hospital, 17164 Stockholm, Sweden.
- St. Erik Eye Hospital, 11282 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Sylvya Pasca
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cellular and Molecular Tumor Pathology, Karolinska Institute, and Karolinska University Hospital, 17164 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - George A Calin
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Ada Girnita
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cellular and Molecular Tumor Pathology, Karolinska Institute, and Karolinska University Hospital, 17164 Stockholm, Sweden.
- Dermatology Department, Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Leonard Girnita
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cellular and Molecular Tumor Pathology, Karolinska Institute, and Karolinska University Hospital, 17164 Stockholm, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Pal A, Chiu HY, Taneja R. Genetics, epigenetics and redox homeostasis in rhabdomyosarcoma: Emerging targets and therapeutics. Redox Biol 2019; 25:101124. [PMID: 30709791 PMCID: PMC6859585 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common soft tissue sarcoma accounting for 5-8% of malignant tumours in children and adolescents. Children with high risk disease have poor prognosis. Anti-RMS therapies include surgery, radiation and combination chemotherapy. While these strategies improved survival rates, they have plateaued since 1990s as drugs that target differentiation and self-renewal of tumours cells have not been identified. Moreover, prevailing treatments are aggressive with drug resistance and metastasis causing failure of several treatment regimes. Significant advances have been made recently in understanding the genetic and epigenetic landscape in RMS. These studies have identified novel diagnostic and prognostic markers and opened new avenues for treatment. An important target identified in high throughput drug screening studies is reactive oxygen species (ROS). Indeed, many drugs in clinical trials for RMS impact tumour progression through ROS. In light of such emerging evidence, we discuss recent findings highlighting key pathways, epigenetic alterations and their impacts on ROS that form the basis of developing novel molecularly targeted therapies in RMS. Such targeted therapies in combination with conventional therapy could reduce adverse side effects in young survivors and lead to a decline in long-term morbidity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ananya Pal
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore
| | - Hsin Yao Chiu
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore
| | - Reshma Taneja
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Eich ML, Tregnago AC, Faraj SF, Palsgrove DN, Fujita K, Bezerra SM, Munari E, Sharma R, Chaux A, Netto GJ. Insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor expression in upper tract urothelial carcinoma. Virchows Arch 2019; 474:21-27. [PMID: 30338346 PMCID: PMC6730551 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-018-2468-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF1R) is a transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptor that plays a crucial role in cell proliferation, growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. IGF1R overexpression has been observed in several cancers, including invasive bladder carcinomas, as a potential prognostic factor. Given known biologic differences between upper and lower urinary tract urothelial carcinoma, we assessed the expression status and prognostic significance of IGF1R in upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC). Two tissue microarrays (TMAs) were built from 99 Japanese patients with non-metastatic UTUC submitted to radical nephroureterectomy between 1997 and 2011. TMAs were constructed with triplicate tumor and paired benign urothelium. Membranous IGF1R staining was evaluated using immunohistochemistry. Two scoring methods were applied (Her2-score and H-score). The highest score was assigned to each tumor. IGF1R positivity was defined as Her2-score ≥ 1+. Association with clinicopathologic parameters and outcome was assessed using hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) and adjusted P values. We found positive IGF1R expression in 70% of UTUC. Outcomes were as follows: tumor recurrence, 33%; tumor progression, 59%; overall mortality, 33%; and cancer-specific mortality, 30%. IGF1R was not associated with any clinicopathologic features. In addition, IGF1R expression was not associated with tumor recurrence (HR = 0.54, CI = 0.25-1.1, P = 0.11), tumor progression (HR = 1.6, CI = 0.8-3.1, P = 0.19), overall mortality (HR = 1.5, CI = 0.68-3.4, P = 0.31), or cancer-specific mortality (HR = 1.6, CI = 0.68-3.8, P = 0.27). Positive IGF1R expression was found in more than two thirds of UTUC. This finding provides a rationale to investigate IGF1R as a potential therapeutic target in UTUC. In contrast to bladder cancer, IGF1R expression in UTUC did not correlate with outcome, further pointing to biologic differences between UTUC and bladder cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Lisa Eich
- Department of Pathology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, WP Building, Suite P230 l 619 19th Street, South, Birmingham, AL, 35249-7331, USA
| | - Aline C Tregnago
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sheila F Faraj
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Doreen N Palsgrove
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Stephania M Bezerra
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Enrico Munari
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rajni Sharma
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - George J Netto
- Department of Pathology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, WP Building, Suite P230 l 619 19th Street, South, Birmingham, AL, 35249-7331, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Helgadottir H, Rocha Trocoli Drakensjö I, Girnita A. Personalized Medicine in Malignant Melanoma: Towards Patient Tailored Treatment. Front Oncol 2018; 8:202. [PMID: 29946532 PMCID: PMC6006716 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite enormous international efforts, skin melanoma is still a major clinical challenge. Melanoma takes a top place among the most common cancer types and it has one of the most rapidly increasing incidences in many countries around the world. Until recent years, there have been limited options for effective systemic treatment of disseminated melanoma. However, lately, we have experienced a rapid advancement in the understanding of the biology and molecular background of the disease. This has led to new molecular classifications and the development of more effective targeted therapies adapted to distinct melanoma subtypes. Not only are these treatments more effective but they can be rationally prescribed to the patients standing to benefit. As such, melanoma management has now become one of the most developed for personalized medicine. The aim of the present paper is to summarize the current knowledge on melanoma molecular classification, predictive markers, combination therapies, as well as emerging new treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hildur Helgadottir
- Skin Tumor Center, Theme Cancer, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Cancer Centrum Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Iara Rocha Trocoli Drakensjö
- Skin Tumor Center, Theme Cancer, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Cancer Centrum Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ada Girnita
- Skin Tumor Center, Theme Cancer, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Cancer Centrum Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Blurring Boundaries: Receptor Tyrosine Kinases as functional G Protein-Coupled Receptors. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 339:1-40. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
11
|
Szoka L, Karna E, Hlebowicz-Sarat K, Karaszewski J, Boryczka S, Palka JA. Acetylenic derivative of betulin induces apoptosis in endometrial adenocarcinoma cell line. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 95:429-436. [PMID: 28863383 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.08.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Since betulin (Bet) and its acetylenic derivative, 28-O-propynoylbetulin (proBet) were shown to induce apoptosis in several cancer cell lines, we studied the mechanism of this process in human endometrial adenocarcinoma cells (EA). Previous studies suggested that this group of compounds affect prolidase activity (proline releasing enzyme from imidodipeptides) and collagen biosynthesis (proline utilizing process) providing substrate (proline) for proline oxidase (POX) dependent apoptosis. Here we provide evidence that Bet and proBet exhibit prolidase-inducing activity in EA cell line. However, in contrast to Bet, proBet inhibited collagen biosynthesis, increased intracellular proline concentration and induced apoptosis in EA cells, as detected by caspase-3, and -9 expressions and annexin V staining. Although POX expression was not affected by both compounds, the process of apoptosis was accompanied by increase in cytoplasmic level of proline. The mechanism for proBet-induced prolidase activity was found at the level of β1 integrin signaling. The inhibition of collagen biosynthesis was due to up-regulation of NF-κB p65, an inhibitor of collagen type I gene transcription. Although Bet and proBet induced expression of pro-apoptotic p53 in EA cells, the effect of proBet on the processes was much stronger. In contrast to proBet, Bet strongly induced expression of pro-survival factors, HIF-1α and VEGF. The data suggest that massive production of proline by proBet-dependent activation of prolidase and inhibition of proline utilization for collagen biosynthesis may represent mechanism for POX-dependent apoptosis in EA cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Szoka
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2 D, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Ewa Karna
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2 D, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Kornelia Hlebowicz-Sarat
- Laboratory of Cosmetology, Medical University of Bialystok, Akademicka 3, 15-267 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Jacek Karaszewski
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Bialystok, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Stanisław Boryczka
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Medical University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Jerzy A Palka
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2 D, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Suleymanova N, Crudden C, Worrall C, Dricu A, Girnita A, Girnita L. Enhanced response of melanoma cells to MEK inhibitors following unbiased IGF-1R down-regulation. Oncotarget 2017; 8:82256-82267. [PMID: 29137261 PMCID: PMC5669887 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to its ability to compensate for signals lost following therapeutic MAPK-inhibition, insulin-like growth factor type 1 receptor (IGF-1R) co-targeting is a rational approach for melanoma treatment. However IGF-1R conformational changes associated with its inhibition can preferentially activate MAPK-pathway in a kinase-independent manner, through a process known as biased signaling. We explored the impact of biased IGF-1R signaling, on response to MAPK inhibition in a panel of skin melanoma cell lines with differing MAPK and p53 mutation statuses. Specific siRNA towards IGF-1R down-regulates the receptor and all its signaling in a balanced manner, whilst IGF-1R targeting by small molecule Nutlin-3 parallels receptor degradation with a transient biased pERK1/2 activity, with both strategies synergizing with MEK1/2 inhibition. On the other hand, IGF-1R down-regulation by a targeted antibody (Figitumumab) induces a biased receptor conformation, preserved even when the receptor is exposed to the balanced natural ligand IGF-1. This process sustains MAPK activity and competes with the MEK1/2 inhibition. Our results indicate that IGF-1R down-regulation offers an approach to increase the sensitivity of melanoma cells to MAPK inhibition, and highlights that controlling biased signaling could provide greater specificity and precision required for multi-hit therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naida Suleymanova
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Caitrin Crudden
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Claire Worrall
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anica Dricu
- Biochemistry Unit, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
| | - Ada Girnita
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Dermatology Department, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Leonard Girnita
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Overproduction of IGF-2 drives a subset of colorectal cancer cells, which specifically respond to an anti-IGF therapeutic antibody and combination therapies. Oncogene 2016; 36:797-806. [PMID: 27399333 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a heterogeneous disease with a broad spectrum of genetic and epigenetic changes. A comprehensive molecular characterization of CRC by The Cancer Genome Atlas Network detected the overexpression of the insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) gene, encoding a ligand for the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R), in a subset of CRC tumors. In this study, we investigated the oncogenic potential of IGF-2 in IGF2-overexpressing CRC models and the efficacy of MEDI-573, an IGF-1/2-neutralizing antibody. We found that a subset of CRC cell lines express high IGF-2 levels owing to an increased DNA copy number and hypermethylation in the H19 promoter of the IGF2 gene. MEDI-573 efficiently neutralized IGF-2 and induced apoptosis, which resulted in significant tumor growth inhibition in CRC mouse models that express high levels of IGF-2. These effects were specific to CRCs overexpressing IGF-2, as MEDI-573 did not affect the growth CRC cell lines with normal levels. Moreover, blockade of IGF-2 by MEDI-573 modulated other signaling pathways, suggesting combination therapies with inhibitors of these pathways. Indeed, in vivo efficacy was significantly enhanced when MEDI-573 was used in combination with trastuzumab, AZD2014 (dual mTORC1/2i), AZD5363 (AKTi) and selumetinib (AZD6244/ARRY-142886, MEK1/2i) or cetuximab. These results demonstrate that overexpressed IGF-2 is the major tumorigenic driver in a subset of CRCs and encourage testing of MEDI-573, alone and in combinations, in IGF2-overexpressing CRC patients.
Collapse
|
14
|
Ball MW, Bezerra SM, Chaux A, Faraj SF, Gonzalez-Roibon N, Munari E, Sharma R, Bivalacqua TJ, Netto GJ, Burnett AL. Overexpression of Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 Receptor Is Associated With Penile Cancer Progression. Urology 2016; 92:51-6. [PMID: 26905033 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2016.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF1R) expression in penile cancer and its association with oncologic outcomes. METHODS Tissue microarrays were constructed from 53 patients treated at our institution. Expression of IGF1R was evaluated using a Her2-like scoring system. Overexpression was defined as 1+ or greater membranous staining. Association of IGF1R expression with pathologic features was assessed with comparative statistics, and association with local recurrence, progression to nodal or distance metastases, or death was assessed with Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox proportional hazard regression models. RESULTS Overall, IGF1R overexpression was seen in 33 (62%) cases. With a median follow-up of 27.8 months, IGF1R overexpression was associated with inferior progression-free survival (PFS) (P = .003). In a multivariable model controlling for grade, T stage, perineural invasion, and lymphovascular invasion, IGF1R expression was independently associated with disease progression (hazard ratio 2.3, 95% confidence interval 1.1-5.1, P = .03. Comparing patients without IGF1R overexpression to those with overexpression, 5-year PFS was 94.1% vs 45.8%. CONCLUSION IGF1R overexpression was associated with inferior PFS in penile cancer. Drugs that target IGF1R and downstream messengers may have a therapeutic benefit in patients that exhibit IGF1R overexpression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark W Ball
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute & Department of Urology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
| | - Stephania M Bezerra
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Alcides Chaux
- Norte University, Office of Scientific Research, Asunción, Paraguay
| | - Sheila F Faraj
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Nilda Gonzalez-Roibon
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Enrico Munari
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Rajni Sharma
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Trinity J Bivalacqua
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute & Department of Urology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - George J Netto
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute & Department of Urology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Arthur L Burnett
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute & Department of Urology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite improvements in treatment, survival rates of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) are stagnant. The existing chemotherapeutic agents are non-selective and associated with toxicities. Combinations of the only the US FDA-approved epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeted agent, cetuximab, with chemotherapy or radiation improves overall survival. However, the response rates to cetuximab are modest. Thus, there is an urgent need for new agents that can be safely integrated into current treatment regimens to improve outcome. AREAS COVERED Current EGFR-targeted drugs under clinical development include mAbs and tyrosine kinase inhibitors. The modest efficacy of these drugs implicates intrinsic or acquired resistance. Novel molecular agents inhibiting alternative targets to overcome anti-EGFR resistance in HNSCC are under investigation. Gene therapy and immunotherapy are also promising strategies to improve efficacy and reduce toxicity. EXPERT OPINION To date, only six drugs have been FDA-approved for the treatment of head and neck cancer. Cetuximab is the only approved molecular targeting agent for HNSCC and despite ubiquitous expression of EGFR in HNSCC tumors, clinical responses are limited. Genetic and epigenetic characterization of HNSCC tumors, coupled with improved preclinical models, should facilitate the development of more effective drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yihui Wen
- Sun Yat-Sen University and The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Department of Otolaryngology, Guangzhou, Guangzhou, PR China
- Sun Yat-Sen University and Otolaryngology Institute of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangzhou, PR China
- University of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Otolaryngology, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jennifer R Grandis
- University of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Otolaryngology, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- University of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Eye and Ear Institute, 200 Lothrop St., Suite 500, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- University of California, Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, San Francisco, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Szoka L, Karna E, Nazaruk J, Palka JA. Prolidase-dependent mechanism of (Z)-8,9-epoxyheptadeca-1,11,14-triene-induced inhibition of collagen biosynthesis in cultured human skin fibroblasts. Nat Prod Res 2015; 30:665-71. [PMID: 25982243 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2015.1038535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The effects of polyolefinic compound from roots of Cirsium palustre, (Z)-8,9-epoxyheptadeca-1,11,14-triene (EHT) on collagen biosynthesis, prolidase activity, expression of insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-IR), β1 integrin, MAP kinases (pERK1/2), the transcription factors such as nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) were evaluated in human dermal fibroblasts treated with micromolar concentrations (40-200 μM) for 24 h. It was found that EHT-dependent inhibition of collagen biosynthesis was accompanied by parallel inhibition in prolidase activity. Since IGF-I is the most potent regulator of both processes and prolidase is regulated by β1 integrin signalling, the effect of EHT on IGF-IR and β1 integrin receptor expressions were evaluated. Exposure of the cells to EHT contributed to distinct increase in IGF-IR and slight increase in β1 integrin receptor expressions. It was accompanied by decrease in expression of pERK1/2, HIF-1α and NF-κB. EHT-dependent inhibition of collagen biosynthesis results from inhibition of prolidase activity, the enzyme involved in collagen biosynthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Szoka
- a Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Medical University of Bialystok , Mickiewicza 2d Street, 15-222 Bialystok , Poland
| | - Ewa Karna
- a Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Medical University of Bialystok , Mickiewicza 2d Street, 15-222 Bialystok , Poland
| | - Jolanta Nazaruk
- b Department of Pharmacognosy , Medical University of Bialystok , Mickiewicza 2a Street, 15-222 Bialystok , Poland
| | - Jerzy A Palka
- a Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Medical University of Bialystok , Mickiewicza 2d Street, 15-222 Bialystok , Poland
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Koh YW, Yoon DH, Suh C, Cha HJ, Huh J. Insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor is associated with better prognosis in classical Hodgkin's lymphoma: Correlation with MET expression. Int J Exp Pathol 2015; 96:232-9. [PMID: 25916750 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the prognostic significance of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) expression alone and in relation to the expression of the MET- receptor and the MET-homologous receptor RON, in classical Hodgkin's lymphoma (cHL). Tumour samples from patients with cHL (n = 202; median age 37.5 years) were analysed retrospectively for IGF-R1, MET or RON expression by immunohistochemistry using tissue microarrays. The median follow-up time was 3.7 years (range, 0.1-20 years). Twenty-nine patients (14.3%) expressed IGF-1R protein in Hodgkin/Reed-Sternberg (HRS) cells, which was associated with a better overall survival (OS) (P = 0.036). IGF-1R expression was closely associated with MET receptor expression and low level of lactate dehydrogenase. In patients with cHL receiving doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine and dacarbazine, those expressing IGF-1R showed a trend towards better OS and event-free survival than IGF-1R-negative patients (P = 0.129 and P = 0.115 respectively), but statistical significance was not reached. This study suggests that IGF-1R expression could be associated with better clinical outcome in cHL but is significantly associated with the expression of MET receptor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young Wha Koh
- Department of Pathology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Dok Hyun Yoon
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Cheolwon Suh
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hee Jeong Cha
- Department of Pathology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Jooryung Huh
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Crudden C, Ilic M, Suleymanova N, Worrall C, Girnita A, Girnita L. The dichotomy of the Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor: RTK and GPCR: friend or foe for cancer treatment? Growth Horm IGF Res 2015; 25:2-12. [PMID: 25466906 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2014.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The prime position of the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R), at the head of the principle mitogenic and anti-apoptotic signalling cascades, along with the resilience to transformation of IGF-1R deficient cells fuelled great excitement for its anti-cancer targeting. Yet its potential has not been fulfilled, as clinical trial results fell far short of expectations. Advancements in understanding of other receptors' function have now begun to shed light on this incongruity, with the now apparent parallels highlighting the immaturity of our understanding of IGF-1R biology, with the model used for drug development now recognised as having been too simplistic. Gathering together the many advancements of the field of IGF-1R research over the past decade, alongside those in the GPCR field, advocates for a major paradigm shift in our appreciation of the subtle workings of this receptor. This review will emphasise the updating of the IGF-1R's classification from an RTK, to an RTK/GPCR functional hybrid, which integrates both canonical kinase signalling with many functions characteristic of a GPCR. Recognition of the shortcomings of IGF-1R inhibitor drug development programs and the models used not only allows us to reignite the initial interest in the IGF-1R as an anti-cancer therapeutic target, but also points to the possibility of biased ligand therapeutics, which together may hold a very powerful key to unlocking the true potential of IGF-1R modulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caitrin Crudden
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marina Ilic
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Naida Suleymanova
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Claire Worrall
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ada Girnita
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden; Dermatology Department, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Leonard Girnita
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Szoka L, Karna E, Palka J. The mechanism of oxythiamine-induced collagen biosynthesis in cultured fibroblasts. Mol Cell Biochem 2015; 403:51-60. [PMID: 25626895 PMCID: PMC4383821 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-015-2336-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The oxythiamine (OXY) is antivitamin of thiamine. The finding that OXY increases the cytoplasmic concentration of pyruvate, known to enhance collagen biosynthesis, led us to investigate the mechanism of this antivitamin action on collagen biosynthesis in cultured human skin fibroblasts. Confluent fibroblasts were treated with micromolar concentrations (30–1,000 µM) of OXY for 24 and 48 h. It was found that OXY-dependent increase in collagen biosynthesis was accompanied by parallel increase in prolidase activity and level, compared to untreated cells. Since phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) is known as an inhibitor of prolidase—the enzyme that plays important role in collagen biosynthesis, the mechanism of pyruvate interconversion was considered as a regulatory switch in collagen biosynthesis. In fact, 3-MPA, specific inhibitor of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), contributed to up-regulation of prolidase activity, suggesting that down-regulation of PEP formation is an underlying mechanism. Since collagen biosynthesis and prolidase activity are regulated by signal induced by activated α2β1 integrin receptor as well as insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF-IR), the expression of these receptors was measured by Western immunoblot analysis. The exposure of the cells to OXY contributed to decrease in IGF-IR, α2β1 integrin receptor, pERK1/2, and NF-κB p65 expressions. It was accompanied by increase in total ERK1/2 expression and induction of phosphorylation of Akt protein. The data suggest that OXY-dependent increase of collagen biosynthesis in cultured human skin fibroblasts results from activation of prolidase activity and level, induction in pAkt expression and down-regulation of pERK1/2 and NF-κB p65, the known inhibitor of collagen gene expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Szoka
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2 D, 15-222, Bialystok, Poland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Tye H, Guertler U, Hofmann MH, Mayer M, Pal S, Rast G, Sanderson MP, Schaaf O, Treu M, Zahn SK. Discovery of novel amino-pyrimidine inhibitors of the insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1R) and insulin receptor (INSR) kinases; parallel optimization of cell potency and hERG inhibition. MEDCHEMCOMM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5md00097a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Modulating hERG activity of IGF1R/INSR inhibitors by tuning log D and use of homology modelling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Moriz Mayer
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG
- Austria
| | | | - Georg Rast
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG
- Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Bendell JC, Jones SF, Hart L, Spigel DR, Lane CM, Earwood C, Infante JR, Barton J, Burris HA. A phase Ib study of linsitinib (OSI-906), a dual inhibitor of IGF-1R and IR tyrosine kinase, in combination with everolimus as treatment for patients with refractory metastatic colorectal cancer. Invest New Drugs 2014; 33:187-93. [PMID: 25335932 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-014-0177-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of the combination of linsitinib (OSI-906), a dual inhibitor of IGFR and IR tyrosine kinase activity, and everolimus as treatment for patients with refractory metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). METHODS Eligible adult patients with refractory mCRC, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0 or 1, and adequate end-organ function received escalating doses of OSI-906 and everolimus in a 3 + 3 design. Treatment continued until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity, with response evaluations every 8 weeks. RESULTS Eighteen patients with metastatic CRC were treated. There were no dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) in the first dose level (DL, OSI-906 50 mg BID; everolimus 5 mg QD). At DL2 (OSI-906 100 mg BID; everolimus 10 mg QD, n =6), three patients had DLTs considered related to everolimus (grade 3 mucositis, 2; grade 3 thrombocytopenia, 1). An amendment introduced DL2a (OSI-906 100 mg BID; everolimus 5 mg QD, n =5); DLTs were seen in two patients (one patient each: grade 3 thrombocytopenia with bleeding; inability to receive 75 % of doses due to neutropenia/thrombocytopenia). DL1 was the MTD; a total of 7 patients were treated at this dose. Common adverse events across all DLs included grade 1/2 fatigue (50 %) and anorexia (50 %). There were no objective responses to treatment; median time of study treatment was 7.6 weeks (range: 3.9-53 weeks). CONCLUSIONS The MTD of OSI-906 and everolimus was 50 mg BID and 5 mg QD, respectively. No indications of clinical activity were observed in refractory mCRC patients.
Collapse
|
22
|
Stanilov NS, Karakolev IA, Deliysky TS, Jovchev JP, Stanilova SA. Association of insulin-like growth factor-I receptor polymorphism with colorectal cancer development. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:8099-106. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3708-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
23
|
Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 Receptor Overexpression Is Associated With Outcome in Invasive Urothelial Carcinoma of Urinary Bladder: A Retrospective Study of Patients Treated Using Radical Cystectomy. Urology 2014; 83:1444.e1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2014.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Revised: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
24
|
Schenone S, Radi M, Musumeci F, Brullo C, Botta M. Biologically Driven Synthesis of Pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines As Protein Kinase Inhibitors: An Old Scaffold As a New Tool for Medicinal Chemistry and Chemical Biology Studies. Chem Rev 2014; 114:7189-238. [DOI: 10.1021/cr400270z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Schenone
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Genova Viale Benedetto
XV, 3, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Marco Radi
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Parma Viale delle
Scienze, 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Francesca Musumeci
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Genova Viale Benedetto
XV, 3, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Chiara Brullo
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Genova Viale Benedetto
XV, 3, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Maurizio Botta
- Dipartimento
di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena Via Aldo Moro, 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Sbarro
Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology,
College of Science and Technology, Temple University, BioLife Science
Building, Suite 333, 1900 N 12th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Liang Z, Diepstra A, Xu C, van Imhoff G, Plattel W, Van Den Berg A, Visser L. Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor is a prognostic factor in classical Hodgkin lymphoma. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87474. [PMID: 24489919 PMCID: PMC3905016 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction between the tumor cells in classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) and the microenvironment includes aberrant activity of receptor tyrosine kinases. In this study we evaluated the expression, functionality and prognostic significance of Insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) in cHL. IGF-1R was overexpressed in 55% (44/80) of cHL patients. Phosphorylated IGF-1R was detectable in a minority of the IGF-1R positive tumor cells. The overall survival (OS, 98%) and 5-year progression-free survival (PFS, 93%) was significantly higher in IGF-1R positive cHL patients compared to IGF-1R negative patients (OS 83%, p = .029 and PFS 77%, p = .047, respectively). Three cHL cell lines showed expression of IGF-1R, with strong staining especially in the mitotic cells and expression of IGF-1. IGF-1 treatment had a prominent effect on the cell growth of L428 and L1236 cells and resulted in an increased phosphorylation of IGF1R, Akt and ERK. Inhibition of IGF-1R with cyclolignan picropodophyllin (PPP) decreased cell growth and induced a G2/M cell cycle arrest in all three cell lines. Moreover, a decrease in pCcd2 and an increase in CyclinB1 levels were observed which is consistent with the G2/M cell cycle arrest. In conclusion, IGF-1R expression in HRS cells predicts a favorable outcome, despite the oncogenic effect of IGF-1R in cHL cell lines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Liang
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Department of Otolaryngology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Arjan Diepstra
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Chuanhui Xu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Gustaaf van Imhoff
- Department of Hematology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Wouter Plattel
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Anke Van Den Berg
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Lydia Visser
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
von Mehren M, Britten CD, Pieslor P, Saville W, Vassos A, Harris S, Galluppi GR, Darif M, Wainberg ZA, Cohen RB, Leong S. A phase 1, open-label, dose-escalation study of BIIB022 (anti-IGF-1R monoclonal antibody) in subjects with relapsed or refractory solid tumors. Invest New Drugs 2014; 32:518-25. [PMID: 24458261 PMCID: PMC4045341 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-014-0064-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The IGF-1R signaling pathway has been implicated in multiple cancers as important for cell survival, proliferation, invasion and metastasis. BIIB022 is a non-glycosylated human IgG4 monoclonal antibody (mAb) with specificity for IGF-1R. Unlike other anti-IGF1R antibodies, BIIB022 has no effector functions. Additionally, inhibition is via an allosteric rather than competitive mechanism, which further differentiates this antibody from others. We sought to determine the safety and tolerability of BIIB022 and determine the pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) profile of this antibody. Methods A multi-institutional phase I study evaluated the safety of escalating doses of BIIB022 given IV q3wk until progression or unacceptable toxicity in patients with advanced solid tumors. Five sequential BIIB022 dose cohorts were evaluated using a standard 3 + 3 dose-escalation design (1.5, 5. 10, 20, 30 mg/kg); 10 additional patients were treated at the recommended phase 2 dose. Results 34 patients were treated. Toxicities were manageable and mostly low grade; grade 3–4 hyperglycemia was not observed. No RECIST responses were observed, although three patients had metabolic responses associated with prolonged stable disease. The PK of BIIB022 was nearly linear in the dose range from 10 to 30 mg/kg, with some nonlinearity at lower doses (1.5–5.0 mg/kg), likely due to target-mediated drug disposition of BIIB022 at low serum concentrations. PD analyses showed decrease in IGF-1R levels on leucocytes, with stable serum values of IGF-1 and IGF-2. Conclusions BIIB022 can be safely given at 30 mg/kg IV every 3 weeks with preliminary evidence of biological activity in selected patients.
Collapse
|
27
|
Mahadevan D, Sutton GR, Arteta-Bulos R, Bowden CJ, Miller PJE, Swart RE, Walker MS, Haluska P, Munster PN, Marshall J, Hamid O, Kurzrock R. Phase 1b study of safety, tolerability and efficacy of R1507, a monoclonal antibody to IGF-1R in combination with multiple standard oncology regimens in patients with advanced solid malignancies. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2014; 73:467-73. [PMID: 24390424 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-013-2372-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND R1507 is a human IgG1 Mab that binds to the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) and inhibits IGF-1- or IGF-2-mediated anchorage-independent growth of malignant cells. A phase 1b study evaluated the safety, tolerability and efficacy of R1507 in combination with multiple standard oncology regimens. METHODS R1507 (3, 5, 9, 10 and 16 mg/kg IV, Q2 W or Q3 W) was added to six treatment regimens: gemcitabine + erlotinib (GE); paclitaxel + bevacizumab (PB); carboplatin + etoposide (CE); mFOLFOX6 + bevacizumab (FB); capecitabine + trastuzumab (CT); and sorafenib (S). If tolerable, R1507 dose was escalated utilizing a 3 + 3 + 6 and a 3 + 9 design. RESULTS A total of 104 patients enrolled into regimens 1-6: 93 % were non-recent diagnoses. Eighteen withdrew for safety [one death, 17 adverse events (AEs)]. A total of 1,337 AEs any grade, across regimens and doses were nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. A total of 123 had grade ≥3 AEs (n = 28 dose level 1; n = 95 dose level 1) and in 60 patients were myelosuppression, fatigue and mucosal inflammation. ORR (PR plus SD) of evaluable patients across six regimens was 36 % with five PRs: regimens PB (non-small cell lung cancer, nasopharyngeal cancer), CE (melanoma), FB (colon cancer) and S (GIST). The GIST pt (>4 prior therapies) had a PR for 3 years. Three patients (breast cancer, melanoma and adenoid cystic carcinoma) were on study for >1 year; 76 % of patients had SD or better for 4 months. CONCLUSIONS R1507 added to six standard oncology regimens was well tolerated with an ORR of 36 %.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daruka Mahadevan
- The University of Tennessee/West Clinic, 100 North Humphreys Blvd., Memphis, TN, 38120, USA,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Singla P, Luxami V, Paul K. Benzimidazole-biologically attractive scaffold for protein kinase inhibitors. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra46304d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
|
29
|
Downregulation of IGFBP2 is associated with resistance to IGF1R therapy in rhabdomyosarcoma. Oncogene 2013; 33:5697-705. [PMID: 24292683 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Revised: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Agents targeting the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF1R) are in clinical development, but, despite some initial success of single agents in sarcoma, response rates are low with brief durations. Thus, it is important to identify markers predictive of response, to understand mechanisms of resistance, and to explore combination therapies. In this study, we found that, although associated with PAX3-FKHR translocation, increased IGF1R level is an independent prognostic marker for worse overall survival, particularly in patients with PAX3-FKHR-positive rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS). IGF1R antibody-resistant RMS cells were generated using an in vivo model. Expression analysis indicated that IGFBP2 is both the most affected gene in the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling pathway and the most significantly downregulated gene in the resistant lines, indicating that there is a strong selection to repress IGFBP2 expression in tumor cells resistant to IGF1R antibody. IGFBP2 is inhibitory to IGF1R phosphorylation and its signaling. Similar to antibodies to IGF1/2 or IGF2, the addition of exogenous IGFBP2 potentiates the activity of IGF1R antibody against the RMS cells, and it reverses the resistance to IGF1R antibody. In contrast to IGF1R, lower expression of IGFBP2 is associated with poorer overall survival, consistent with its inhibitory activity found in this study. Finally, blocking downstream Protein kinase B (AKT) activation with Phosphatidylinositide 3-kinases (PI3K)- or mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-specific inhibitors significantly sensitized the resistant cells to the IGF1R antibody. These findings show that constitutive IGFBP2 downregulation may represent a novel mechanism for acquired resistance to IGF1R therapeutic antibody in vivo and suggest various drug combinations to enhance antibody activity and to overcome resistance.
Collapse
|
30
|
Something old, something new and something borrowed: emerging paradigm of insulin-like growth factor type 1 receptor (IGF-1R) signaling regulation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2013; 71:2403-27. [PMID: 24276851 PMCID: PMC4055838 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1514-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2013] [Revised: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor type 1 receptor (IGF-1R) plays a key role in the development and progression of cancer; however, therapeutics targeting it have had disappointing results in the clinic. As a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK), IGF-1R is traditionally described as an ON/OFF system, with ligand stabilizing the ON state and exclusive kinase-dependent signaling activation. Newly added to the traditional model, ubiquitin-mediated receptor downregulation and degradation was originally described as a response to ligand/receptor interaction and thus inseparable from kinase signaling activation. Yet, the classical model has proven over-simplified and insufficient to explain experimental evidence accumulated over the last decade, including kinase-independent signaling, unbalanced signaling, or dissociation between signaling and receptor downregulation. Based on the recent findings that IGF-1R “borrows” components of G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling, including β-arrestins and G-protein-related kinases, we discuss the emerging paradigm for the IGF-1R as a functional RTK/GPCR hybrid, which integrates the kinase signaling with the IGF-1R canonical GPCR characteristics. The contradictions to the classical IGF-1R signaling concept as well as the design of anti-IGF-1R therapeutics treatment are considered in the light of this paradigm shift and we advocate recognition of IGF-1R as a valid target for cancer treatment.
Collapse
|
31
|
Fernandez MC, Martin A, Venara M, Calcagno MDL, Sansó G, Quintana S, Chemes HE, Barontini M, Pennisi PA. Overexpression of the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) is associated with malignancy in familial pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2013; 79:623-30. [PMID: 23506534 DOI: 10.1111/cen.12205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Revised: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (pheo/pgl) are neuroendocrine tumours derived from chromaffin cells. Although mostly benign, up to 26% of pheo/pgl will undergo malignant transformation. Reliable histological signs to differentiate benign pheo/pgl from malignant tumours are currently lacking. Increased IGF-1R expression has been shown during progression to metastatic phenotypes of several types of cancer. OBJECTIVE To analyse the distribution and expression of the IGF-1R in pheo/pgl of different genetic origin and degree of malignancy. MEASUREMENTS We studied the expression of the IGF-1R protein by immunohistochemistry, in 40 primary tumours from patients with pheo/pgl from different genetic aetiology (11 of 29 metastatic/nonmetastatic diseases). RESULTS We found a strong association between increased expression of IGF-1R and malignant behaviour regardless of the age at diagnosis and the genetic aetiology. IGF-1R labelling was mostly weak in primary tumours from patients with nonmetastatic pheo/pgl. Conversely, intense IGF-1R labelling was predominant in cases of pheo/pgl with confirmed metastatic disease. The risk of metastases was 11·7 times higher if tumour IGF-1R labelling was intense independently of age at diagnosis. The probability of remaining free of metastases was higher in patients with pheo/pgl scored weak for IGF-1R at 60 months and more than twofold higher at 120 months of follow-up than in patients with intense IGF-1R labelling in their primary tumours. CONCLUSIONS Our results strongly suggest that IGF-1R is associated with malignancy in familial pheo/pgl and that IGF-1R expression in the primary tumour might be a useful tool to detect those patients harbouring pheo/pgl who have an increased risk of metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Celia Fernandez
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas, CEDIE-CONICET. Hospital de Niños Dr. R. Gutierrez, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Szoka L, Karna E, Palka JA. UVC inhibits collagen biosynthesis through up-regulation of NF-κB p65 signaling in cultured fibroblasts. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2013; 129:143-8. [PMID: 24231379 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2013.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Revised: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The effects of UVC on collagen biosynthesis, prolidase activity, expression of α₂β₁ integrin, IGF-I receptor, FAK, MAP-kinases (ERK1 and ERK2) and the transcription factor NF-κB p65 were evaluated in human dermal fibroblasts. Confluent fibroblasts were treated with UVC light at a rates of 30 and 60 J/m(2). It was found that UVC-dependent decrease in collagen biosynthesis was not accompanied by parallel decrease in prolidase activity and expression. Since insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-IR) and α₂β₁ integrin signaling are the most potent regulators of collagen biosynthesis, the effect of UVC on IGF-IR and α₂β₁ integrin receptor expressions were evaluated. It was found that the exposure of the cells to UVC contributed to decrease in α₂β₁ integrin receptor and FAK expression and to an increase in IGF-IR and pERK1, pERK2 expressions. It was accompanied by an increase in the expression of NF-κB p65, the known inhibitor of collagen gene expression. The data suggest that UVC-dependent decrease of collagen biosynthesis in cultured human skin fibroblasts results from decrease in α₂β₁ integrin receptor signaling and activation of NF-κB p65, that is responsible for down-regulation of collagen gene expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Szoka
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2 D, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Schmitz S, Ang KK, Vermorken J, Haddad R, Suarez C, Wolf GT, Hamoir M, Machiels JP. Targeted therapies for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: current knowledge and future directions. Cancer Treat Rev 2013; 40:390-404. [PMID: 24176789 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2013.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2013] [Revised: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Despite progress in the therapeutic management of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN), the mortality rate of patients presenting with advanced disease remains high. One approach to improve treatment efficacy is to add novel molecular targeted agents to the classical treatment regimens. Monoclonal antibodies targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) have shown clinical benefits in palliative and curative settings. However, only a minority of patients presenting with recurrent or metastatic (R/M) SCCHN have meaningful tumor regression with these agents and virtually all who do develop acquired tumor resistance after a few months of treatment. For these reasons, other inhibitors of EGFR or molecules that interfere with known molecular pathways activated in SCCHN are of considerable interest, either as single agents or in combination with other treatment modalities. In this review, we discuss the different molecular therapeutic approaches explored in SCCHN. We also briefly outline new trial designs that could be used to accelerate the investigation of emerging therapeutic agents in this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Schmitz
- Cancer Center, Department of Medical Oncology and Head and Neck Surgery, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc and Institut de Recherche Clinique et Expérimentale (Pole MIRO), Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 10, 1200 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Kie Kian Ang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Jan Vermorken
- Antwerp University Hospital, Department of Medical Oncology, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650 Edegem, Belgium.
| | - Robert Haddad
- Department of Medical Oncology, Head and Neck Oncology Program, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Carlos Suarez
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias Oviedo, Celestino Villamil SN, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.
| | - Gregory T Wolf
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Marc Hamoir
- Cancer Center, Department of Medical Oncology and Head and Neck Surgery, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc and Institut de Recherche Clinique et Expérimentale (Pole MIRO), Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 10, 1200 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Jean-Pascal Machiels
- Cancer Center, Department of Medical Oncology and Head and Neck Surgery, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc and Institut de Recherche Clinique et Expérimentale (Pole MIRO), Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 10, 1200 Brussels, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Liu YJ, Qiang W, Shi J, Lv SQ, Ji MJ, Shi BY. Expression and significance of IGF-1 and IGF-1R in thyroid nodules. Endocrine 2013; 44:158-64. [PMID: 23288662 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-012-9864-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 12/14/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
There are limitations in the diagnosis of thyroid nodules, especially follicular lesions, and their pathogenesis remains unclear. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) has been implicated in tumor cell apoptosis, transformation, invasion, and metastasis; however, its role in thyroid nodules is undetermined. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between expression of IGF-1 and thyroid nodule, and evaluate the role of IGF-1 in differential diagnosis and pathogenetic function of benign and malignant thyroid nodules. Sixty-two paraffin-embedded thyroid tissues from patients with thyroid nodules were selected, including 18 follicular adenomas (FA), 17 nodular goiters, 13 papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTC), 2 follicular thyroid carcinomas, and 12 normal controls. IGF-1 and IGF-1R protein and mRNA expression was detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR), respectively. Grouping comparisons were employed among the above groups based on the clinical and pathological subtypes. IGF-1 and IGF-1R expression was significantly higher in FA, nodular goiters, and PTC than that in the controls (all P < 0.01). Similarly, IGF-1 mRNA expression was also significantly higher in FA (P < 0.05), nodular goiters (P < 0.01), and PTC (P < 0.01) compared with the controls. IGF-1R mRNA expression was also significantly higher in FA, nodular goiters, and PTC (all P < 0.01) compared with the controls. Compared with FA and nodular goiters, PTC showed significantly higher IGF-1 and IGF-1R protein (P < 0.01, P < 0.05, respectively) and mRNA expression (P < 0.01, P < 0.05, respectively). IGF-1 probably plays an important role in the genesis and development of certain solid cold thyroid nodules, including PTC, nodular goiters, and FA. Detection of IGF-1 and IGF-1R expression in thyroid tissues by IHC or qRT-PCR is hard to distinguish malignant from benign lesions.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma, Follicular/diagnosis
- Adenocarcinoma, Follicular/genetics
- Adenocarcinoma, Follicular/metabolism
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Carcinoma/diagnosis
- Carcinoma/genetics
- Carcinoma/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Papillary
- Female
- Gene Expression
- Goiter, Nodular/diagnosis
- Goiter, Nodular/genetics
- Goiter, Nodular/metabolism
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/genetics
- Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/metabolism
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Prognosis
- Receptor, IGF Type 1/genetics
- Receptor, IGF Type 1/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Thyroid Cancer, Papillary
- Thyroid Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Thyroid Neoplasms/genetics
- Thyroid Neoplasms/metabolism
- Thyroid Nodule/diagnosis
- Thyroid Nodule/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Jian Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Baserga R. The decline and fall of the IGF-I receptor. J Cell Physiol 2013; 228:675-9. [PMID: 22926508 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Accepted: 08/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This review examines the effect of targeting the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-IR) in human cancers. The results are disappointing. The causes for the failure are discussed, as well as the possible use of the IGF-IR as a secondary target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renato Baserga
- Department of Cancer Biology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
The mechanism of hydralazine-induced collagen biosynthesis in cultured fibroblasts. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2013; 386:303-9. [PMID: 23344524 PMCID: PMC3597333 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-013-0836-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The finding that hydralazine (HYD) affects collagen metabolism led us to investigate the mechanism of its action on collagen biosynthesis, prolidase expression and activity, expression of α2β1 integrin, insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF-IR), focal adhesion kinase (FAK), mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases (ERK1, ERK2), and transcription factors hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and nuclear factor-κB p65 (NF-κB p65) in human dermal fibroblasts. Confluent fibroblasts were treated with micromolar concentrations (50–500 μM) of HYD for 24 h. HYD had no influence on cell viability. It was found that HYD-dependent increase in collagen biosynthesis was accompanied by a parallel increase in prolidase activity and expression, HIF-1α expression, and decrease in DNA biosynthesis, compared to untreated cells. Since collagen biosynthesis and prolidase activity are regulated by a signal induced by activated α2β1 integrin receptor as well as IGF-IR, the expression of these receptors was measured by Western immunoblot analysis. The exposure of the cells to HYD contributed to the increase in IGF-IR expression without any effect on α2β1 integrin receptor and FAK expressions. It was accompanied by a decrease in expression of MAP kinases and NF-κB p65, the known inhibitor of collagen gene expression. The data suggest that the HYD-dependent increase of collagen biosynthesis in cultured human skin fibroblasts results from activation of IGF-IR expression and prolidase activity and downregulation of NF-κB p65.
Collapse
|
37
|
β-Arrestin-biased agonism as the central mechanism of action for insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor-targeting antibodies in Ewing's sarcoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012. [PMID: 23188799 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1216348110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Owing to its essential role in cancer, insulin-like growth factor type 1 receptor (IGF-1R)-targeted therapy is an exciting approach for cancer treatment. However, when translated into clinical trials, IGF-1R-specific antibodies did not fulfill expectations. Despite promising clinical responses in Ewing's sarcoma (ES) phase I/II trials, phase III trials were discouraging, requiring bedside-to-bench translation and functional reevaluation of the drugs. The anti-IGF-1R antibody figitumumab (CP-751,871; CP) was designed as an antagonist to prevent ligand-receptor interaction but, as with all anti-IGF-1R antibodies, it induces agonist-like receptor down-regulation. We explored this paradox in a panel of ES cell lines and found their sensitivity to CP was unaffected by presence of IGF-1, countering a ligand blocking mechanism. CP induced IGF-1R/β-arrestin1 association with dual functional outcome: receptor ubiquitination and degradation and decrease in cell viability and β-arrestin1-dependent ERK signaling activation. Controlled β-arrestin1 suppression initially enhanced CP resistance. This effect was mitigated on further β-arrestin1 decrease, due to loss of CP-induced ERK activation. Confirming this, the ERK1/2 inhibitor U0126 increased sensitivity to CP. Combined, these results reveal the mechanism of CP-induced receptor down-regulation and characteristics that functionally qualify a prototypical antagonist as an IGF-1R-biased agonist: β-arrestin1 recruitment to IGF-1R as the underlying mechanism for ERK signaling activation and receptor down-regulation. We further confirmed the consequences of β-arrestin1 regulation on cell sensitivity to CP and demonstrated a therapeutic strategy to enhance response. Defining and suppressing such biased signaling represents a practical therapeutic strategy to enhance response to anti-IGF-1R therapies.
Collapse
|
38
|
Awasthi N, Zhang C, Ruan W, Schwarz MA, Schwarz RE. BMS-754807, a small-molecule inhibitor of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor/insulin receptor, enhances gemcitabine response in pancreatic cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2012; 11:2644-53. [PMID: 23047891 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-12-0447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Gemcitabine has limited clinical benefits in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling proteins are frequently overexpressed in PDAC. The therapeutic potential of BMS-754807, a small-molecule inhibitor of IGF-type 1 receptor (IGF-1R) and insulin receptor (IR), and gemcitabine was evaluated in experimental PDAC. Cell proliferation and protein expression were measured by WST-1 assay and immunoblotting. Tumor growth and survival studies were conducted in murine xenografts. PDAC cells expressed phospho-IGF-1R protein. BMS-754807 and gemcitabine inhibited cell proliferation of PDAC cells; the combination of BMS-754807 with gemcitabine had additive effects. Addition of BMS-754807 decreased gemcitabine IC₅₀ from 9.7 μmol/L to 75 nmol/L for AsPC-1, from 3 μmol/L to 70 nmol/L for Panc-1, from 72 to 16 nmol/L for MIA PaCa-2, and from 28 to 16 nmol/L for BxPC-3 cells. BMS-754807 caused a decrease in phospho-IGF-1R and phospho-AKT proteins in AsPC-1 and Panc-1 cells. BMS-754807 and gemcitabine caused an increase in PARP-1 and caspase-3 cleavage. Net tumor growth inhibition in BMS-754807, gemcitabine, and BMS-754807+gemcitabine groups was 59%, 35%, and 94% as compared with controls. Effects of therapy on intratumoral proliferation and apoptosis corresponded with tumor growth inhibition data. BMS-754807 also caused a decrease in phospho-IGF-1R and phospho-AKT in tumor tissue lysates. Median animal survival (controls: 21 days) with BMS-754807 was 27 days (P = 0.03), with gemcitabine 28 days (P = 0.05), and in the BMS-754807+gemcitabine combination group, 41 days (P = 0.007). The strong antitumor activity of BMS-754807 in experimental PDAC supports the potential of BMS-754807-induced mechanisms for clinical PDAC therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niranjan Awasthi
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Schmitz S, Kaminsky-Forrett MC, Henry S, Zanetta S, Geoffrois L, Bompas E, Moxhon A, Mignion L, Guigay J, Knoops L, Hamoir M, Machiels JP. Phase II study of figitumumab in patients with recurrent and/or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: clinical activity and molecular response (GORTEC 2008-02). Ann Oncol 2012; 23:2153-2161. [PMID: 22234739 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdr574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preclinical studies suggest that insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) blockage could be a promising therapeutic target in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). Therefore, we investigated the efficacy and toxicity of figitumumab, an anti-IGF-1R monoclonal antibody, in palliative SCCHN. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with palliative SCCHN progressing after platinum-based therapy were treated with figitumumab i.v. 20 mg/kg, every 3 weeks. The primary end point was the disease control rate at 6-8 weeks after treatment initiation. Tumor biopsies and plasma samples were collected before and after figitumumab administration to monitor the molecular response. RESULTS Seventeen patients were included. Only two patients achieved stable disease at 6-8 weeks. Median overall survival and progression-free survival were 63 and 52 days, respectively. The main grade 3-4 adverse event was hyperglycemia (41%). Translational research showed that figitumumab downregulated IGF-1R at the surface of tumor cells with activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway, as shown by the upregulation of p-EGFR in tumor cells (P=0.016), and an increase in the plasma level of tumor growth factor-alpha (P=0.006). CONCLUSION Figitumumab monotherapy has no clinically significant activity in unselected palliative SCCHN.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Antibodies, Monoclonal
- Biopsy
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/blood
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Head and Neck Neoplasms/blood
- Head and Neck Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Head and Neck Neoplasms/genetics
- Head and Neck Neoplasms/pathology
- Humans
- Immunoglobulins, Intravenous/adverse effects
- Immunoglobulins, Intravenous/immunology
- Immunoglobulins, Intravenous/therapeutic use
- Receptor, IGF Type 1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, IGF Type 1/immunology
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Schmitz
- Cancer Center; Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital St-Luc, Catholic University Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital St-Luc, Catholic University Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - S Henry
- Department of Medical Oncology, Catholic University Louvain, Mont-Godinne and St-Elisabeth, Namur, Belgium
| | - S Zanetta
- Department of Medical Oncology, Center G-F Leclerc, Dijon
| | - L Geoffrois
- Department of Medical Oncology, Center Alexis Vautrin, Nancy, France
| | - E Bompas
- Department of Medical Oncology, Center René Gauducheau, Nantes
| | - A Moxhon
- Cancer Center; Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital St-Luc, Catholic University Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - L Mignion
- Cancer Center; Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital St-Luc, Catholic University Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - J Guigay
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy Institut, Villejuif, France
| | - L Knoops
- Cancer Center; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research; Department of Hematology, University Hospital St-Luc, Catholic University Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - M Hamoir
- Cancer Center; Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital St-Luc, Catholic University Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - J-P Machiels
- Cancer Center; Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital St-Luc, Catholic University Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital St-Luc, Catholic University Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Bellucci R, Nguyen HN, Martin A, Heinrichs S, Schinzel AC, Hahn WC, Ritz J. Tyrosine kinase pathways modulate tumor susceptibility to natural killer cells. J Clin Invest 2012; 122:2369-83. [PMID: 22684105 PMCID: PMC3386806 DOI: 10.1172/jci58457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2011] [Accepted: 05/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are primary effectors of innate immunity directed against transformed tumor cells. In response, tumor cells have developed mechanisms to evade NK cell-mediated lysis through molecular mechanisms that are not well understood. In the present study, we used a lentiviral shRNA library targeting more than 1,000 human genes to identify 83 genes that promote target cell resistance to human NK cell-mediated killing. Many of the genes identified in this genetic screen belong to common signaling pathways; however, none of them have previously been known to modulate susceptibility of human tumor cells to immunologic destruction. Gene silencing of two members of the JAK family (JAK1 and JAK2) increased the susceptibility of a variety of tumor cell types to NK-mediated lysis and induced increased secretion of IFN-γ by NK cells. Treatment of tumor cells with JAK inhibitors also increased susceptibility to NK cell activity. These findings may have important clinical implications and suggest that small molecule inhibitors of tyrosine kinases being developed as therapeutic antitumor agents may also have significant immunologic effects in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Bellucci
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (DFCI), Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Department of Medicine, Brigham and Woman’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Department of Pediatric Oncology,
Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, and
Cancer Vaccine Center, DFCI, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hong-Nam Nguyen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (DFCI), Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Department of Medicine, Brigham and Woman’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Department of Pediatric Oncology,
Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, and
Cancer Vaccine Center, DFCI, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Allison Martin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (DFCI), Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Department of Medicine, Brigham and Woman’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Department of Pediatric Oncology,
Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, and
Cancer Vaccine Center, DFCI, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stefan Heinrichs
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (DFCI), Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Department of Medicine, Brigham and Woman’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Department of Pediatric Oncology,
Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, and
Cancer Vaccine Center, DFCI, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anna C. Schinzel
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (DFCI), Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Department of Medicine, Brigham and Woman’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Department of Pediatric Oncology,
Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, and
Cancer Vaccine Center, DFCI, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - William C. Hahn
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (DFCI), Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Department of Medicine, Brigham and Woman’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Department of Pediatric Oncology,
Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, and
Cancer Vaccine Center, DFCI, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jerome Ritz
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (DFCI), Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Department of Medicine, Brigham and Woman’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Department of Pediatric Oncology,
Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, and
Cancer Vaccine Center, DFCI, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Asmane I, Watkin E, Alberti L, Duc A, Marec-Berard P, Ray-Coquard I, Cassier P, Decouvelaere AV, Ranchère D, Kurtz JE, Bergerat JP, Blay JY. Insulin-like growth factor type 1 receptor (IGF-1R) exclusive nuclear staining: a predictive biomarker for IGF-1R monoclonal antibody (Ab) therapy in sarcomas. Eur J Cancer 2012; 48:3027-35. [PMID: 22682017 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2012.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2012] [Revised: 05/01/2012] [Accepted: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
AIMS A minority of patients with advanced sarcoma achieve prolonged progression free survival (PFS) with insulin growth factor type 1 receptor (IGF-1R) monoclonal antibody (Ab) therapy. A biomarker identifying those patients beforehand would be useful to select patients for the development of these agents. METHODS This single centre series includes patients with unresectable or metastatic soft tissue sarcomas (STS), Ewing sarcoma (ES) and osteosarcoma treated with IGF-1R Ab (R1507, IMC-A12, SCH 717454 and CP-751.871) in the Centre Léon Bérard. Tumour samples were analysed by immunohistochemistry for expression of IGF-1R, insulin-like growth factor binding protein type 3 (IGFBP-3), Ki67, epidermal growth factor receptor (HER1) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). Predictive factors for PFS and overall survival (OS) were investigated. RESULTS All tumour samples had a positive IGF-1R immunostaining on 60% to 100% of tumour cells. IGFBP-3 immunostaining was observed in 12 (75%) samples with 5% to 100% of positive cells. IGF-1R immunostaining was nuclear (n=9, 56%), cytoplasmic (n=4, 25%), or nuclear +cytoplasmic (n=3, 19%). Neither IGFBP-3 expression, nor Ki67 was correlated to PFS. HER2 and HER1 staining were positive in 0 and 2 samples respectively (both primary resistant to IGF-1R Ab therapy). Exclusive intra-nuclear immunoreactivity for IGF-1R was significantly associated with a better PFS (p=0.01) and OS (p=0.007). CONCLUSION Exclusive nuclear localisation of IGF-1R is an easily testable biomarker associated with a better PFS and OS for patients treated with IGF-1R Ab therapy. Nuclear localisation of IGF-1R in tumour cells might be a hallmark of pathway activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irène Asmane
- CHU Strasbourg, 1, Avenue Molière, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Kim JG, Kang MJ, Yoon YK, Kim HP, Park J, Song SH, Han SW, Park JW, Kang GH, Kang KW, Oh DY, Im SA, Bang YJ, Yi EC, Kim TY. Heterodimerization of glycosylated insulin-like growth factor-1 receptors and insulin receptors in cancer cells sensitive to anti-IGF1R antibody. PLoS One 2012; 7:e33322. [PMID: 22438913 PMCID: PMC3306383 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2011] [Accepted: 02/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identification of predictive biomarkers is essential for the successful development of targeted therapy. Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) has been examined as a potential therapeutic target for various cancers. However, recent clinical trials showed that anti-IGF1R antibody and chemotherapy are not effective for treating lung cancer. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In order to define biomarkers for predicting successful IGF1R targeted therapy, we evaluated the anti-proliferation effect of figitumumab (CP-751,871), a humanized anti-IGF1R antibody, against nine gastric and eight hepatocellular cancer cell lines. Out of 17 cancer cell lines, figitumumab effectively inhibited the growth of three cell lines (SNU719, HepG2, and SNU368), decreased p-AKT and p-STAT3 levels, and induced G 1 arrest in a dose-dependent manner. Interestingly, these cells showed co-overexpression and altered mobility of the IGF1R and insulin receptor (IR). Immunoprecipitaion (IP) assays and ELISA confirmed the presence of IGF1R/IR heterodimeric receptors in figitumumab-sensitive cells. Treatment with figitumumab led to the dissociation of IGF1-dependent heterodimeric receptors and inhibited tumor growth with decreased levels of heterodimeric receptors in a mouse xenograft model. We next found that both IGF1R and IR were N-linked glyosylated in figitumumab-sensitive cells. In particular, mass spectrometry showed that IGF1R had N-linked glycans at N913 in three figitumumab-sensitive cell lines. We observed that an absence of N-linked glycosylation at N913 led to a lack of membranous localization of IGF1R and figitumumab insensitivity. CONCLUSION AND SIGNIFICANCE The data suggest that the level of N-linked glycosylated IGF1R/IR heterodimeric receptor is highly associated with sensitivity to anti-IGF1R antibody in cancer cells.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Base Sequence
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/therapy
- Cell Division
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Dimerization
- Female
- G1 Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints
- Gene Knockdown Techniques
- Glycosylation
- Hep G2 Cells
- Humans
- Immunoglobulins, Intravenous
- Liver Neoplasms/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms/pathology
- Liver Neoplasms/therapy
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Protein Structure, Quaternary
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- Receptor, IGF Type 1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, IGF Type 1/chemistry
- Receptor, IGF Type 1/genetics
- Receptor, IGF Type 1/metabolism
- Receptor, Insulin/chemistry
- Receptor, Insulin/metabolism
- STAT3 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Stomach Neoplasms/metabolism
- Stomach Neoplasms/pathology
- Stomach Neoplasms/therapy
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Gyu Kim
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Min Jueng Kang
- WCU Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Science, Graduated School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young-Kwang Yoon
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hwang-Phill Kim
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jinah Park
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Song
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sae-Won Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong-Wan Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Gyeong Hoon Kang
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Keon Wook Kang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Do Youn Oh
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seock-Ah Im
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yung-Jue Bang
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- WCU Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Science, Graduated School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eugene C. Yi
- WCU Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Science, Graduated School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tae-You Kim
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- WCU Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Science, Graduated School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Fokina AA, Meschaninova MI, Durfort T, Venyaminova AG, François JC. Targeting insulin-like growth factor I with 10-23 DNAzymes: 2'-O-methyl modifications in the catalytic core enhance mRNA cleavage. Biochemistry 2012; 51:2181-91. [PMID: 22352843 DOI: 10.1021/bi201532q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and its cognate receptor (IGF-1R) contribute to normal cell function and to tumorigenesis. The role of IGF-I signaling in tumor growth has been demonstrated in vivo using nucleic acid-based strategies. Here, we designed the first 10-23 DNAzymes directed against IGF-I mRNA. Unlike antisense approaches and RNA interference that require protein catalysis, DNAzymes catalyze protein-free RNA cleavage. We identified target sequences and measured catalytic properties of differently designed DNAzymes on short synthetic RNA targets and on in vitro transcribed IGF-I mRNA. The most efficient cleavers were then transfected into cells, and their inhibitory effect was analyzed using reporter gene assays. We found that increasing the size of DNAzyme flanking sequences and modifications of the termini with 2'-O-methyl residues improved cleavage rates of target RNAs. Modification of the catalytic loop with six 2'-O-methyl ribonucleotides at nonessential positions increased or decreased catalytic efficiency depending on the mRNA target site. In cells, DNAzymes with 2'-O-methyl-modified catalytic cores and flanking sequences were able to inhibit reporter gene activity because of specific recognition and cleavage of IGF-I mRNA sequences. Mutant DNAzymes with inactive catalytic cores were unable to block reporter gene expression, demonstrating that the RNA cleaving ability of 10-23 DNAzymes contributed to inhibitory mechanisms. Our results show that nuclease-resistant 2'-O-methyl-modified DNAzymes with high catalytic efficiencies are useful for inhibiting IGF-I gene function in cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alesya A Fokina
- INSERM, U565, Acides nucléiques: dynamique, ciblage et fonctions biologiques, 75005 Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Liu L, Norman MH, Lee M, Xi N, Siegmund A, Boezio AA, Booker S, Choquette D, D'Angelo ND, Germain J, Yang K, Yang Y, Zhang Y, Bellon SF, Whittington DA, Harmange JC, Dominguez C, Kim TS, Dussault I. Structure-based design of novel class II c-Met inhibitors: 2. SAR and kinase selectivity profiles of the pyrazolone series. J Med Chem 2012; 55:1868-97. [PMID: 22320327 DOI: 10.1021/jm201331s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
As part of our effort toward developing an effective therapeutic agent for c-Met-dependent tumors, a pyrazolone-based class II c-Met inhibitor, N-(4-((6,7-dimethoxyquinolin-4-yl)oxy)-3-fluorophenyl)-1,5-dimethyl-3-oxo-2-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide (1), was identified. Knowledge of the binding mode of this molecule in both c-Met and VEGFR-2 proteins led to a novel strategy for designing more selective analogues of 1. Along with detailed SAR information, we demonstrate that the low kinase selectivity associated with class II c-Met inhibitors can be improved significantly. This work resulted in the discovery of potent c-Met inhibitors with improved selectivity profiles over VEGFR-2 and IGF-1R that could serve as useful tools to probe the relationship between kinase selectivity and in vivo efficacy in tumor xenograft models. Compound 59e (AMG 458) was ultimately advanced into preclinical safety studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Longbin Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Kim WY, Prudkin L, Feng L, Kim ES, Hennessy B, Lee JS, Lee JJ, Glisson B, Lippman SM, Wistuba II, Hong WK, Lee HY. Epidermal growth factor receptor and K-Ras mutations and resistance of lung cancer to insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Cancer 2012; 118:3993-4003. [PMID: 22359227 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.26656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2011] [Revised: 09/02/2011] [Accepted: 09/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have responded poorly to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). The authors investigated the involvement of insulinlike growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) signaling in primary resistance to EGFR TKIs and the molecular determinants of resistance to IGF-1R TKIs. METHODS Phosphorylated IGF-1R/insulin receptor (pIGF-1R/IR) was immunohistochemically evaluated in an NSCLC tissue microarray. The authors analyzed the antitumor effects of an IGF-1R TKI (PQIP or OSI-906), either alone or in combination with a small-molecular inhibitor (PD98059 or U0126) or with siRNA targeting K-Ras or mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase (MEK), in vitro and in vivo in NSCLC cells with variable histologic features and EGFR or K-Ras mutations. RESULTS pIGF-1R/IR expression in NSCLC specimens was associated with a history of tobacco smoking, squamous cell carcinoma histology, mutant K-Ras, and wild-type (WT) EGFR, all of which have been strongly associated with poor response to EGFR TKIs. IGF-1R TKIs exhibited significant antitumor activity in NSCLC cells with WT EGFR and WT K-Ras but not in those with mutations in these genes. Introduction of mutant K-Ras attenuated the effects of IGF-1R TKIs on NSCLC cells expressing WT K-Ras. Conversely, inactivation of MEK restored sensitivity to IGF-TKIs in cells carrying mutant K-Ras. CONCLUSIONS The mutation status of both EGFR and K-Ras could be a predictive marker of response to IGF-1R TKIs. Also, MEK antagonism can abrogate primary resistance of NSCLC cells to IGF-1R TKIs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Woo-Young Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Methodology for Anti-Gene Anti-IGF-I Therapy of Malignant Tumours. CHEMOTHERAPY RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2012; 2012:721873. [PMID: 22400112 PMCID: PMC3287029 DOI: 10.1155/2012/721873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2011] [Revised: 10/25/2011] [Accepted: 10/31/2011] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to establish the criteria for methodology of cellular “anti-IGF-I” therapy of malignant tumours and particularly for glioblastoma multiforme. The treatment of primary glioblastoma patients using surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy was followed by subcutaneous injection of autologous cancer cells transfected by IGF-I antisense/triple helix expression vectors. The prepared cell “vaccines” should it be in the case of glioblastomas or other tumours, have shown a change of phenotype, the absence of IGF-I protein, and expression of MHC-I and B7. The peripheral blood lymphocytes, PBL cells, removed after each of two successive vaccinations, have demonstrated for all the types of tumour tested an increasing level of CD8+ and CD8+28+ molecules and a switch from CD8+11b+ to CD8+11. All cancer patients were supervised for up to 19 months, the period corresponding to minimum survival of glioblastoma patients. The obtained results have permitted to specify the common criteria for “anti-IGF-I” strategy: characteristics sine qua non of injected “vaccines” (cloned cells IGF-I(−) and MHC-I(+)) and of PBL cells (CD8+ increased level).
Collapse
|
47
|
Kalachand R, Hennessy BT, Markman M. Molecular targeted therapy in ovarian cancer: what is on the horizon? Drugs 2012; 71:947-67. [PMID: 21668036 DOI: 10.2165/11591740-000000000-00000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, empirical optimization of cytotoxic chemotherapy combinations and surgical debulking procedures have improved outcomes and survival in epithelial ovarian cancer. Yet, this disease remains the fifth leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the US, as cure rates seem to have reached a plateau at approximately 20% with conventional chemotherapy. Novel high-throughput genomic and proteomic analyses have improved the molecular understanding of ovarian carcinogenesis, thereby providing a vast array of new potential drug targets with complex signalling interactions. In order to yield the most significant impact on disease outcome, it is necessary to carefully select, and subsequently target, the driving molecular pathway(s) within a tumour or tumour subtype, which are most likely to correspond to high-frequency mutations and genomic aberrations. The identification of biomarkers predictive of response to targeted therapy is essential to avoid poor responses to potentially useful drugs in unselected trial populations. With some promising, albeit early, phase III data on the angiogenesis inhibitor bevacizumab, exciting new opportunities lie ahead with the ultimate goal of personalizing therapies to individual tumour profiles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roshni Kalachand
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Tognon CE, Sorensen PHB. Targeting the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) signaling pathway for cancer therapy. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2012; 16:33-48. [PMID: 22239439 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2011.638626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The IGF system controls growth, differentiation, and development at the cellular, organ and organismal levels. IGF1 receptor (IGF1R) signaling is dysregulated in many cancers. Numerous clinical trials are currently assessing therapies that inhibit either growth factor binding or IGF1R itself. Therapeutic benefit, often in the form of stable disease, has been reported for many different cancer types. AREAS COVERED Canonical IGF signaling and non-canonical pathways involved in carcinogenesis. Three recent insights into IGF1R signaling, namely hybrid receptor formation with insulin receptor (INSR), insulin receptor substrate 1 nuclear translocation, and evidence for IGF1R/INSR as dependence receptors. Different approaches to targeting IGF1R and mechanisms of acquired resistance. Possible mechanisms by which IGF1R signaling supports carcinogenesis and specific examples in different human tumors. EXPERT OPINION Pre-clinical data justifies IGF1R as a target and early clinical trials have shown modest efficacy in selected tumor types. Future work will focus upon assessing the usefulness or disadvantages of simultaneously targeting the IGF1R and INSR, biomarker development to identify potentially responsive patients, and the use of IGF1R inhibitors in combination therapies or as an adjunct to conventional chemotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina E Tognon
- British Columbia Cancer Research Centre , Department of Molecular Oncology, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Durfort T, Tkach M, Meschaninova MI, Rivas MA, Elizalde PV, Venyaminova AG, Schillaci R, François JC. Small interfering RNA targeted to IGF-IR delays tumor growth and induces proinflammatory cytokines in a mouse breast cancer model. PLoS One 2012; 7:e29213. [PMID: 22235273 PMCID: PMC3250415 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2011] [Accepted: 11/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and its type I receptor (IGF-IR) play significant roles in tumorigenesis and in immune response. Here, we wanted to know whether an RNA interference approach targeted to IGF-IR could be used for specific antitumor immunostimulation in a breast cancer model. For that, we evaluated short interfering RNA (siRNAs) for inhibition of in vivo tumor growth and immunological stimulation in immunocompetent mice. We designed 2′-O-methyl-modified siRNAs to inhibit expression of IGF-IR in two murine breast cancer cell lines (EMT6, C4HD). Cell transfection of IGF-IR siRNAs decreased proliferation, diminished phosphorylation of downstream signaling pathway proteins, AKT and ERK, and caused a G0/G1 cell cycle block. The IGF-IR silencing also induced secretion of two proinflammatory cytokines, TNF- α and IFN-γ. When we transfected C4HD cells with siRNAs targeting IGF-IR, mammary tumor growth was strongly delayed in syngenic mice. Histology of developing tumors in mice grafted with IGF-IR siRNA treated C4HD cells revealed a low mitotic index, and infiltration of lymphocytes and polymorphonuclear neutrophils, suggesting activation of an antitumor immune response. When we used C4HD cells treated with siRNA as an immunogen, we observed an increase in delayed-type hypersensitivity and the presence of cytotoxic splenocytes against wild-type C4HD cells, indicative of evolving immune response. Our findings show that silencing IGF-IR using synthetic siRNA bearing 2′-O-methyl nucleotides may offer a new clinical approach for treatment of mammary tumors expressing IGF-IR. Interestingly, our work also suggests that crosstalk between IGF-I axis and antitumor immune response can mobilize proinflammatory cytokines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiphanie Durfort
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U565, Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche, Scientifique, UMR 7196; Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Mercedes Tkach
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariya I. Meschaninova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine - Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB-RAS), Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Martín A. Rivas
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Patricia V. Elizalde
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alya G. Venyaminova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine - Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB-RAS), Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Roxana Schillaci
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jean-Christophe François
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U565, Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche, Scientifique, UMR 7196; Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Scotlandi K, Belfiore A. Targeting the Insulin-Like Growth Factor (IGF) System Is Not as Simple as Just Targeting the Type 1 IGF Receptor. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2012:599-604. [PMID: 24451803 DOI: 10.14694/edbook_am.2012.32.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Increased signaling of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system via alterations in expression levels of its components has been demonstrated in various tumor types. Numerous experimental studies have supported the involvement of the IGF system signaling axis in tumor initiation and progression. These studies, combined with data that link alterations in the levels of circulating IGFs with cancer risk and prognosis, have focused on the IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) as a therapeutic target for patients with cancer. As a consequence, most therapeutic strategies have been designed to specifically inhibit IGF-1R but have for the most part ignored the insulin receptor (IR), based on concerns that targeting IR would lead to unacceptable toxicity both because of its role in physiologic metabolism and because we frequently try to oversimplify biologic complexity whenever we are urged to find practical, friendly solutions for clinical practice. Although this is an understandable and necessary starting point in the complex and long-lasting processes that leads to translational biology, the crude reality of the results obtained from phase I and II studies suggest a need for researchers to be humble and go back to the drawing board. Cancer research has substantially neglected the role of IR, and it remains unclear whether and to what extent avoiding the inhibition of IR has compromised the efficacy of anti-IGF-1R therapy. Clarifying its role might also help us take advantage of older drugs that could offer new perspectives in cancer care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katia Scotlandi
- From the CRS Development of Biomolecular Therapies, Experimental Oncology Lab, Orthopaedic Rizzoli Institute, Bologna, Italy; Department of Endocrinology, Department of Health University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Antonino Belfiore
- From the CRS Development of Biomolecular Therapies, Experimental Oncology Lab, Orthopaedic Rizzoli Institute, Bologna, Italy; Department of Endocrinology, Department of Health University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| |
Collapse
|