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Tisack A, Mohammad TF. Drug-Induced Pigmentation: A Review. Drugs 2024; 84:1071-1091. [PMID: 39085684 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-024-02062-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Drug-induced pigmentation (DIP) is estimated to account for 20% of all cases of acquired hyperpigmentation. Over 50 agents have been implicated, including antibiotics, antimalarials, antiretrovirals, antipsychotics, prostaglandin analogs, heavy metals, and chemotherapeutic agents. The skin, mucosal surfaces, nails, and hair can all be affected, with the color, distribution, onset, and duration of pigmentation varying between offending agents. Both a thorough physical examination and medication history are necessary to determine the offending agent. In terms of mechanism, DIP occurs most frequently through the accumulation of melanin within the dermis but also by drug accumulation, pigment synthesis, and iron deposition. Photoprotection, including applying a broad-spectrum sunscreen, wearing photoprotective clothing, and seeking shade, plays an important role in the prevention of exacerbation of DIP. Multiple lasers, including the picosecond alexandrite, Q-switched Nd:YAG, Q-switched alexandrite, and Q-switched ruby lasers, have been successful in obtaining clearance of DIP. In this review, we examine the unique characteristics of each of the inciting agents in terms of incidence, clinical presentation, time to onset and resolution, and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Tisack
- Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health, 3031 W Grand Blvd, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Tasneem F Mohammad
- Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health, 3031 W Grand Blvd, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.
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2
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Saeidnia M, Shadfar F, Sharifi S, Babashahi M, Ghaderi A, Shokri M. Skin complications during iron chelation therapy for beta-thalassemia: overview and treatment approach. Int J Hematol 2024; 120:271-277. [PMID: 39088188 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-024-03825-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Thalassemia is an inherited genetic disorder of hemoglobin that affects a large population worldwide, and it is estimated that between 50,000 and 60,000 infants with thalassemia are born each year. The most common treatment for thalassemia is blood transfusion, which leads to iron overload. This in itself is a serious clinical condition, and is commonly managed with iron chelation therapy. However, iron chelators can cause various skin complications, including hyperpigmentation, skin rash, itching, and photosensitivity. These skin side effects can impact patients' quality of life. Therefore, this article provides a comprehensive overview of skin complications caused by iron chelators, along with a proposed comprehensive approach to their management in patients with beta-thalassemia. Key strategies include patient education, regular skin assessment, sun protection measures, symptomatic relief with topical corticosteroids and antihistamines, and consideration of treatment modification if severe complications occur. Collaboration between hematologists and dermatologists, along with psychological support and regular follow-up, is an essential component of this multidisciplinary approach. By implementing these strategies, healthcare providers can optimize skin care for patients with beta-thalassemia treated with iron chelators and improve their quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadreza Saeidnia
- Department of Hematology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.
| | - Fariba Shadfar
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Shokoufeh Sharifi
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Mashallah Babashahi
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Abolhassan Ghaderi
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Mehdi Shokri
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
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Garg P, Mundhe AD, Jadhav A, Mishra N, Deo KS. Onychoscopic Analysis of Cyclophosphamide-Induced Polydactylic Bluish-Gray Discoloration in a Case of Pemphigus Foliaceus. Cureus 2024; 16:e57233. [PMID: 38686276 PMCID: PMC11056765 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.57233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Cyclophosphamide, an alkylating agent, has rarely been observed to cause a bluish discoloration of nails, an occurrence that is typically underreported. We describe the case of a middle-aged male undergoing dexamethasone-cyclophosphamide pulse therapy for pemphigus foliaceus, who exhibited bluish-gray discoloration of the nails. It is crucial to differentiate this presentation from other conditions such as nail apparatus melanoma (NAM), which may manifest in a slightly different manner. We also report the onychoscopic findings observed in this case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Garg
- Dermatology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Pune, IND
| | - Ashwini D Mundhe
- Dermatology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Pune, IND
| | - Avinash Jadhav
- Dermatology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Pune, IND
| | - Nishtha Mishra
- Dermatology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Pune, IND
| | - Kirti S Deo
- Dermatology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Pune, IND
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4
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Awal G, Singh G. Dermatological adverse events of cancer chemotherapy: An observational clinicoepidemiological study from a tertiary care center. INDIAN JOURNAL OF DRUGS IN DERMATOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/ijdd.ijdd_36_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Ceglio WQGW, Rebeis MM, Santana MF, Miyashiro D, Cury-Martins J, Sanches JA. Cutaneous adverse events to systemic antineoplastic therapies: a retrospective study in a public oncologic hospital. An Bras Dermatol 2021; 97:14-21. [PMID: 34844792 PMCID: PMC8799855 DOI: 10.1016/j.abd.2021.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mucocutaneous adverse events are common during anticancer treatment, with variable consequences for the patient and their therapeutic regimen. Objective To evaluate the most common adverse events, as well as the drugs associated with their appearance and the consequences for cancer treatment. Methods A retrospective study was carried out through the analysis of patients treated at the Clinical Dermatology Unit of a public oncologic hospital. Results A total of 138 patients with 200 adverse events were evaluated. The most commonly identified adverse events were nail and periungual changes (20%), papulopustular eruptions (13%), acneiform eruptions (12%), hand-foot syndrome (6.5%), hand-foot skin reaction (6%), and xerosis (6%). The most frequently associated antineoplastic treatment groups were classical chemotherapy (46.2%), target therapy (32.3%), and other non-antineoplastic drugs used in neoplasia protocols (16.5%). Of the total number of patients, 17.4% had their treatment suspended or changed due to a dermatological adverse event. Study limitations Retrospective study and analysis of patients who were referred for specialized dermatological examination only, not allowing the assessment of the actual incidence of adverse events. Conclusion A wide variety of dermatological manifestations are secondary to antineoplastic treatment with several different drugs resulting, not rarely, in the interruption or modification of therapeutic regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marina Mattos Rebeis
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcela Ferreira Santana
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Denis Miyashiro
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Jade Cury-Martins
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - José Antônio Sanches
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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McKay MJ, Foster R. Radiation recall reactions: An oncologic enigma. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2021; 168:103527. [PMID: 34808375 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2021.103527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation recall reactions (RRR) are uncommon but are a well-known phenomenon to oncologists. Tissue damage in a prior irradiation portal is 'recalled' after the administration of a drug, historically cytotoxics, or more recently, targeted or immunotherapeutic agents. Even COVID-19 vaccines are a reported cause. RRR are enigmatic in that their cause is unknown, but they generally have the histopathological and clinical features of acute or chronic inflammation. They can occur in a variety of tissues, the commonest being skin, which accounts for two-thirds of reported cases. They are generally relatively mild and self-limiting once the trigger drug is stopped, although severe cases with tissue necrosis have occurred. Rechallenge with drug does not necessarily cause reactivation of the reaction. Symptomatic treatment with steroids and antihistamines are usually effective, but their impact on the clinical course is unclear. Various hypotheses have been proposed as to the mechanism of RRR; a non-immune fixed drug reaction-like condition, dysregulated release of reactive oxygen species, abnormalities of tissue vasculature and impaired DNA repair. All could lead to a characteristic inflammatory microenvironment, resulting in dysfunction of tissue stem cells, keratinocyte necrosis and dermal abnormalities. Alternatively or in addition, low levels of inflammatory tissue cytokines induced by previous irradiation might be further upregulated by drug exposure. Most information in this review refers to data derived from cutaneous RRR, since they are the most common form reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J McKay
- Northern Cancer Service, North West Cancer Centre, Burnie, Tasmania, 7320, Australia; The University of Tasmania, Rural Clinical School, North West Regional Hospital, Burnie, Tasmania, 7320, Australia.
| | - Richard Foster
- Northern Cancer Service, North West Cancer Centre, Burnie, Tasmania, 7320, Australia
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Charng J, Attia MS, Arunachalam S, Lam WS, Creaney J, Muruganandan S, Read C, Millward M, Spiro J, Chakera A, Lee YCG, Nowak AK, Chen FK. Increased interdigitation zone visibility on optical coherence tomography following systemic fibroblast growth factor receptor 1-3 tyrosine kinase inhibitor anticancer therapy. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2021; 49:579-590. [PMID: 33934469 DOI: 10.1111/ceo.13940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To describe ocular adverse events and retinal changes during fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) inhibitor (AZD4547) anticancer therapy. METHODS This is a sub-study examining ocular adverse effects from AZD4547 therapy (single-centre, open-label, single arm phase II clinical trial). Comprehensive ocular examinations were performed 3 weekly in 24 patients. Macular optical coherence tomography (OCT) scan (300 × 250 ) was obtained at each visit and OCT parameters [central 1 mm retinal thickness (CRT) and total macular volume in central 6 mm] extracted. OCT scans were subdivided into outer (ELM to RPE) and inner (ELM to ILM) layers to compare outer and inner retinal changes. RESULTS In 24 patients, AZD4547 was associated with eyelash elongation (n = 5, 21%) and punctate corneal erosion (n = 2, 8%). One patient developed clinically significant posterior capsular opacification during the study. OCT data were available in 23 patients, retinal changes ranged from an asymptomatic increased visibility of the interdigitation zone (IDZ) (n = 10, 43%) to multilobular subretinal fluid pockets (n = 5, 22%), which was associated with mild visual acuity loss. In a subset of patients (n = 9) with pre-AZD4547 dosing OCT baseline, CRT increased by mean (SD) of 9 (4) μm in those with IDZ change only compared with 64 (38) μm in those with other retinal changes. Retinal changes tended to be bilateral, self-limiting and improved over time without medical intervention. CONCLUSIONS The ocular signs and symptoms did not result in dose cessation. Posteriorly, FGFR inhibition leads to outer retinal changes ranging from increased visibility of IDZ to distinct, multiple fluid pockets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Charng
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science (Incorporating Lions Eye Institute), The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Mary S Attia
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science (Incorporating Lions Eye Institute), The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Sukanya Arunachalam
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science (Incorporating Lions Eye Institute), The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Wei-Sen Lam
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jenette Creaney
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, University of Western Australia, QEII Medical Centre, Western Australia, Australia.,Institute for Respiratory Health, Harry Perkins Building, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Sanjeevan Muruganandan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Northern Health, Epping, Victoria, Australia.,School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Catherine Read
- Institute for Respiratory Health, Harry Perkins Building, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Michael Millward
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,Medical School, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jon Spiro
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Aron Chakera
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.,Renal Unit, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Y C Gary Lee
- Institute for Respiratory Health, Harry Perkins Building, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,Medical School, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Anna K Nowak
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, University of Western Australia, QEII Medical Centre, Western Australia, Australia.,Institute for Respiratory Health, Harry Perkins Building, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,Medical School, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Fred K Chen
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science (Incorporating Lions Eye Institute), The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Perth Hospital, Wellington Square, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Department of Ophthalmology, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
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8
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Kaul S, Kaffenberger BH, Choi JN, Kwatra SG. Cutaneous Adverse Reactions of Anticancer Agents. Dermatol Clin 2019; 37:555-568. [DOI: 10.1016/j.det.2019.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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9
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Simeonovski V, Breshkovska H, Duma S, Dohcheva-Karajovanov I, Damevska K, Nikolovska S. Hydroxyurea Associated Cutaneous Lesions: A Case Report. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2018; 6:1458-1461. [PMID: 30159077 PMCID: PMC6108816 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2018.320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hydroxyurea (HU) is an antimetabolite agent that interferes with the S-phase of cellular replication and inhibits DNA synthesis, with little or no effect on RNA or protein synthesis. It is used in the treatment of many myeloproliferative disorders (MD) and is particularly a first line treatment drug for intermediate to high-risk essential thrombocythemia. Although safe and very well tolerated by the patients suffering from MD, there have been numerous reports of a broad palette of cutaneous side effects associated with prolonged intake of the medication. These may include classical symptoms such as xerosis, diffuse hyperpigmentation, brown-nail discolouration, stomatitis and scaling of the face, hands, and feet or more serious side effects such as actinic keratosis lesions, leg ulcers and multiple skin carcinomas. CASE REPORT We report a case of a 52-year-old man, on long-term therapy with HU for essential thrombocytosis, with several concurrent skin lesions. Despite the perennial use of HU, the cutaneous changes were neglected. The local dermatological examination revealed oval perimalleolar ulcer on the right leg, with dimensions 6 x 4 cm, clearly demarcated from the surroundings with regular margins, periulcerous erythema, with very deep and highly fibrinous bed of the ulcer, positive for bacterial infection. The ulcer was treated with topical wound therapy with alginate and parenteral antibiotics. The extended dermatological screening also showed two nummular lesions in the right brachial region, presenting as erythematous papules with sharp margins from the surrounding skin, gritty desquamation and dotted hyperpigmentations inside the lesion. Further dermoscopy and biopsy investigations confirmed a diagnosis of basal cell carcinoma. Nasal actinic keratosis was also noted. The patient was advised for discontinuing or substituting the HU therapy. CONCLUSION We present this case to draw attention to the various cutaneous side effects that occur with perennial HU use and suggest an obligatory reference to a dermatological consult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor Simeonovski
- Faculty of Medicine, Ss Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Hristina Breshkovska
- University Clinic for Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ss Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Silvija Duma
- University Clinic for Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Ss Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Ivana Dohcheva-Karajovanov
- University Clinic for Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Ss Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Katerina Damevska
- University Clinic for Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Ss Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Suzana Nikolovska
- University Clinic for Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Ss Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
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DSGOST regulates resistance via activation of autophagy in gastric cancer. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:649. [PMID: 29844404 PMCID: PMC5974125 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0658-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Danggui-Sayuk-Ga-Osuyu-Saenggang-Tang (DSGOST in Korean, Danggui-Sini-Jia-Wuzhuyu-Shengian-Tang in Chinese, and Tokishigyakukagoshuyushokyoto (TJ-38) in Japanese), a well-known traditional Korean/Chinese/Japanese medicine, has long been used to treat vascular diseases such as Raynaud’s phenomenon (RP). However, anticancer effect of DSGOST remains elusive. In this study, we checked if DSGOST has an anticancer effect against gastric cancer cells, and investigated the mechanisms underlying DSGOST resistance. Moreover, DSGOST regulates chemoresistance in cisplatin-treated gastric cancer cells. Interestingly, DSGOST treatment induced the accumulation of GFP-LC3 puncta and increased the level of autophagy markers, such as LC3-II, ATG5, and Beclin-1, indicating activated autophagy. Furthermore, DSGOST could activate epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and exosomes via induction of autophagy. DSGOST in combination with TGFβ also induced autophagy and EMT. However, autophagy inhibition induces DSGOST-mediated cell death in gastric cancer cells. In addition, autophagy inhibition blocks the activation of DSGOST-mediated EMT markers including N-cadherin, Snail, Slug, vimentin, β-catenin, p-Smad2, and p-Smad3. Taken together, these findings indicated that prosurvival autophagy was one of the mechanisms involved in the resistance of gastric cancer to DSGOST. Targeting the inhibition of autophagy could be an effective therapeutic approach to overcome resistance to DSGOST in gastric cancer.
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Medina-O’Donnell M, Rivas F, Reyes-Zurita FJ, Martinez A, Lupiañez JA, Parra A. Diamine and PEGylated-diamine conjugates of triterpenic acids as potential anticancer agents. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 148:325-336. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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12
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Masson Regnault M, Gadaud N, Boulinguez S, Tournier E, Lamant L, Gladieff L, Roche H, Guenounou S, Recher C, Sibaud V. Chemotherapy-Related Reticulate Hyperpigmentation: A Case Series and Review of the Literature. Dermatology 2015; 231:312-8. [PMID: 26422424 DOI: 10.1159/000439047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inherited or acquired reticulate hyperpigmentation represents a heterogeneous group of infrequent dermatological conditions. The development of reticulate hyperpigmentation has so far been rarely reported to be associated with chemotherapeutic agents, including fluorouracil, bleomycin or a combination of cytarabine and idarubicin. CASE REPORTS We describe 5 cases of chemotherapy-related reticulate hyperpigmentation in patients treated with different chemotherapeutic regimens, in particular paclitaxel or cytarabine. The lesions were similar in all cases, with reticulate and/or linear hyperpigmented streaks, which were mainly located to the back and buttocks. Histology showed increased melanogenesis, which suggests a direct toxic effect of chemotherapy on melanocytes. Reflectance confocal microscopy was performed in 2 patients showing a similar pattern, with an increased amount of melanin in basal keratinocytes. These features have been compared with the available data through a literature review. CONCLUSION Reticulate hyperpigmentation is an underestimated but characteristic complication of chemotherapy. Neither specific management nor discontinuation of the chemotherapeutic regimen is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Masson Regnault
- Department of Dermatology, Institut Claudius Regaud, Institut Universitaire du Cancer, Toulouse Oncopole, Toulouse, France
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Cozzani E, Iurlo A, Merlo G, Cattaneo D, Burlando M, Pierri I, Gugliotta L, Parodi A. Essential Thrombocythemia: The Dermatologic Point of View. CLINICAL LYMPHOMA MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA 2015; 15:739-47. [PMID: 26432058 DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2015.08.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Essential thrombocythemia (ET) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by an increase in blood platelets and dominated by a predisposition to vascular events. Cutaneous manifestations can complicate its course. itching has been the most common symptom reported; however, the percentage has ranged from 3% to 46%, depending on the survey. Erythromelalgia is found in 6% of cases, and livedo reticularis, minor bleeding, acrocyanosis, and Raynaud's phenomenon are rare manifestations. It is important to recognize and treat these events, because they can affect patients' quality of life and could worsen the prognosis. In addition to skin involvement as a possible sign of ET, the treatment of ET can be associated with cutaneous complications. Hydroxycarbamide, interferon-alfa, and anagrelide can induce different skin lesions. Hydroxycarbamide has been associated with major complications, including painful leg ulcers and actinic keratoses. Minor events include alopecia and hyperpigmentation. Xerosis, pruritus, and photosensitivity are some of the complications reported by patients treated with interferon-alfa. Anagrelide has proved to be associated with fewer dermatologic effects, only detected in single cases. Knowledge of the ET cutaneous manifestations, together with the clinical examination findings, can result in an earlier diagnosis and the start of effective treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Cozzani
- Di. S. Sal. Section of Dermatology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, San Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Iurlo
- Oncohematology Division, Oncohematology Unit of the Elderly, IRCCS Ca' Granda Maggiore Policlinico Hospital Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Merlo
- Di. S. Sal. Section of Dermatology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, San Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy
| | - Daniele Cattaneo
- Oncohematology Division, IRCCS Ca' Granda Maggiore Policlinico Hospital Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - Martina Burlando
- Di. S. Sal. Section of Dermatology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, San Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy
| | - Ivana Pierri
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy
| | - Luigi Gugliotta
- Institute of Hematology "L. e A. Seragnoli", S. Orsola Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Aurora Parodi
- Di. S. Sal. Section of Dermatology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, San Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy
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Zhang Y, Ding J, Sun D, Sun H, Zhuang X, Chang F, Wang J, Chen X. Thermogel-mediated sustained drug delivery for in situ malignancy chemotherapy. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2015; 49:262-268. [PMID: 25686948 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Revised: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In the past few decades, the in situ sustained drug delivery platforms present fascinating potential in sentinel chemotherapy of various solid tumors. In this work, doxorubicin (DOX), a model antitumor drug, was loaded into the thermogel of poly(lactide-co-glycolide)-block-poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(lactide-co-glycolide). The moderate mechanical property of DOX-loaded hydrogel was confirmed by rheological test. In vitro degradation revealed the good biodegradability of thermogel. The DOX-loaded hydrogel exhibited the sustained release profiles up to 30days without and even with elastase. The improved in vivo tumor inhibition and reduced side-effects were observed in the DOX-incorporated hydrogel group compared with those in free DOX group. The excellent in vivo results were further confirmed by the histopathological evaluation or terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling assay. The thermogel with great prospect may be used as an ideal controlled drug delivery platform for the designated and long-term antitumor chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, PR China; Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, PR China
| | - Jianxun Ding
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, PR China.
| | - Diankui Sun
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, PR China
| | - Hai Sun
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, PR China
| | - Xiuli Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, PR China
| | - Fei Chang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, PR China.
| | - Jincheng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, PR China.
| | - Xuesi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, PR China
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15
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Effectiveness of combinations of Ayurvedic drugs in alleviating drug toxicity and improving quality of life of cancer patients treated with chemotherapy. Support Care Cancer 2014; 22:3007-15. [DOI: 10.1007/s00520-014-2294-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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16
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Tai LH, Tanese de Souza C, Sahi S, Zhang J, Alkayyal AA, Ananth AA, Auer RAC. A mouse tumor model of surgical stress to explore the mechanisms of postoperative immunosuppression and evaluate novel perioperative immunotherapies. J Vis Exp 2014. [PMID: 24686980 DOI: 10.3791/51253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Surgical resection is an essential treatment for most cancer patients, but surgery induces dysfunction in the immune system and this has been linked to the development of metastatic disease in animal models and in cancer patients. Preclinical work from our group and others has demonstrated a profound suppression of innate immune function, specifically NK cells in the postoperative period and this plays a major role in the enhanced development of metastases following surgery. Relatively few animal studies and clinical trials have focused on characterizing and reversing the detrimental effects of cancer surgery. Using a rigorous animal model of spontaneously metastasizing tumors and surgical stress, the enhancement of cancer surgery on the development of lung metastases was demonstrated. In this model, 4T1 breast cancer cells are implanted in the mouse mammary fat pad. At day 14 post tumor implantation, a complete resection of the primary mammary tumor is performed in all animals. A subset of animals receives additional surgical stress in the form of an abdominal nephrectomy. At day 28, lung tumor nodules are quantified. When immunotherapy was given immediately preoperatively, a profound activation of immune cells which prevented the development of metastases following surgery was detected. While the 4T1 breast tumor surgery model allows for the simulation of the effects of abdominal surgical stress on tumor metastases, its applicability to other tumor types needs to be tested. The current challenge is to identify safe and promising immunotherapies in preclinical mouse models and to translate them into viable perioperative therapies to be given to cancer surgery patients to prevent the recurrence of metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee-Hwa Tai
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute
| | | | - Shalini Sahi
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute
| | - Jiqing Zhang
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa; Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University
| | - Almohanad A Alkayyal
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa; Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, University of Tabuk
| | - Abhirami Anu Ananth
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa
| | - Rebecca A C Auer
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; Department of Surgery, Ottawa General Hospital;
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17
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Tai LH, Zhang J, Scott KJ, de Souza CT, Alkayyal AA, Ananth AA, Sahi S, Adair RA, Mahmoud AB, Sad S, Bell JC, Makrigiannis AP, Melcher AA, Auer RC. Perioperative influenza vaccination reduces postoperative metastatic disease by reversing surgery-induced dysfunction in natural killer cells. Clin Cancer Res 2013; 19:5104-15. [PMID: 23881927 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-0246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Surgical removal of solid primary tumors is an essential component of cancer treatment. Surgery-induced dysfunction in natural killer (NK) cells has been linked to the development of metastases in animal models and patients with cancer. We investigated the activation of NK cells using influenza vaccine in the perioperative period to eradicate micrometastatic disease. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Both the B16lacZ and 4T1 tumor models in immunocompetent mice were used to assess the in vivo efficacy of perioperative influenza vaccine administration. In healthy human donors and cancer surgery patients, we assessed NK cell function pre- and post-influenza vaccination using both in vivo and ex vivo assays. RESULTS Using the TLR3 agonist poly(I:C), we showed as proof-of-principle that perioperative administration of a nonspecific innate immune stimulant can inhibit surgery-induced dysfunction in NK cells and attenuate metastases. Next, we assessed a panel of prophylactic vaccines for NK cell activation and determined that inactivated influenza vaccine was the best candidate for perioperative administration. Perioperative influenza vaccine significantly reduced tumor metastases and improved NK cytotoxicity in preclinical tumor models. Significantly, IFNα is the main cytokine mediator for the therapeutic effect of influenza vaccination. In human studies, influenza vaccine significantly enhanced NK cell activity in healthy human donors and cancer surgery patients. CONCLUSION These results provide the preclinical rationale to pursue future clinical trials of perioperative NK cell activation, using vaccination in cancer surgery patients. Research into perioperative immune therapy is warranted to prevent immune dysfunction following surgery and eradicate metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee-Hwa Tai
- Authors' Affiliations: Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, and Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada; Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong, China; Targeted & Biological Therapies Group, Leeds Institute of Cancer Studies and Pathology, Leeds, United Kingdom; Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, University of Tabuk, Tabuk; and College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia
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18
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Krause W. Drug-induced hperpigemntation: a systematic review. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2013; 11:644-51. [PMID: 23650908 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.12042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acquired hyperpigmentation of the skin is sometimes interpreted as an adverse effect of drugs. Systematic studies are rare in the literature; predominantly case reports have been published. The present review provides evaluates the evidence for a causal relation. METHODS The reports on a relationship between hyperpigmentation and drugs from 1970 until June 2012 found in MEDLINE and EMBASE were rated according to the SIGN grading system for clinical studies. In this system, the grade of evidence of each report is rated. The highest grade of evidence for each drug is cited. RESULTS 306 publications were included. They were predominantly case reports; only a small number of case series was available. Only very few case-control-studies and randomized controlled trials (RCT) were found. For the majority of drugs, there was a low level of evidence for a causal relationship in drug-induced hyperpigmentation. A causal relationship is likely only for prostaglandins, minocycline, phenothiazine, nicotine, and antimalarial drugs. CONCLUSIONS There is little evidence for drug-induced hyperpigmentation. A causal relationship appears liklely only for a limited number of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Krause
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital Gießen and Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
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19
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Sibaud V, Fricain JC, Baran R, Robert C. Anomalies pigmentaires induites par les traitements anticancéreux. Première partie : les chimiothérapies. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2013; 140:183-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annder.2012.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2012] [Revised: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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20
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Tai LH, de Souza CT, Bélanger S, Ly L, Alkayyal AA, Zhang J, Rintoul JL, Ananth AA, Lam T, Breitbach CJ, Falls TJ, Kirn DH, Bell JC, Makrigiannis AP, Auer RA. Preventing postoperative metastatic disease by inhibiting surgery-induced dysfunction in natural killer cells. Cancer Res 2012; 73:97-107. [PMID: 23090117 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-1993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cell clearance of tumor cell emboli following surgery is thought to be vital in preventing postoperative metastases. Using a mouse model of surgical stress, we transferred surgically stressed NK cells into NK-deficient mice and observed enhanced lung metastases in tumor-bearing mice as compared with mice that received untreated NK cells. These results establish that NK cells play a crucial role in mediating tumor clearance following surgery. Surgery markedly reduced NK cell total numbers in the spleen and affected NK cell migration. Ex vivo and in vivo tumor cell killing by NK cells were significantly reduced in surgically stressed mice. Furthermore, secreted tissue signals and myeloid-derived suppressor cell populations were altered in surgically stressed mice. Significantly, perioperative administration of oncolytic parapoxvirus ovis (ORFV) and vaccinia virus can reverse NK cell suppression, which correlates with a reduction in the postoperative formation of metastases. In human studies, postoperative cancer surgery patients had reduced NK cell cytotoxicity, and we show for the first time that oncolytic vaccinia virus markedly increases NK cell activity in patients with cancer. These data provide direct in vivo evidence that surgical stress impairs global NK cell function. Perioperative therapies aimed at enhancing NK cell function will reduce metastatic recurrence and improve survival in surgical cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee-Hwa Tai
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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21
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22
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Cardoza-Torres MA, Liy-Wong C, Welsh O, Gómez-Flores M, Ocampo-Candiani J, González-Llano O, Gómez-Almaguer D. Skin manifestations associated with chemotherapy in children with hematologic malignancies. Pediatr Dermatol 2012; 29:264-9. [PMID: 22044286 DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1470.2011.01573.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy used in the treatment of malignancies produces multiple mucocutaneous adverse reactions that may be clinically challenging. These mucocutaneous reactions are common and sometimes not diagnosed. The objective of this study was to determine the clinical patterns of the mucocutaneous manifestations during and after chemotherapy in children with a hematologic malignancy and to determine whether nutritional status influences the clinical presentation. We recruited patients aged 6 months to 16 years diagnosed with leukemia and lymphoma from a pediatric hematology outpatient clinic between November 2008 and May 2010. The patients were divided into two groups: Group 1, recently diagnosed patients, included in the study before receiving chemotherapy, and Group 2, patients in surveillance who had not had chemotherapy for at least 3 months. A dermatologic examination was performed, and biopsy and mycological and bacteriological tests were conducted if necessary, with 6 months of follow-up. We evaluated 89 patients and included 65 in the study: 40 boys and 25 girls with an average age of 8.3 years. All patients had skin lesions at some time during their baseline assessment or follow-up. The manifestations found were anagen effluvium, xerosis, and acral hyperpigmentation. To our knowledge, this is the first comparative study of skin manifestations associated with chemotherapy in a Mexican pediatric population. The mucocutaneous manifestations associated with chemotherapy are important causes of morbidity. All of the children in our study had skin lesions on assessment. We did not find an association between skin manifestations and nutritional status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myrna Alejandra Cardoza-Torres
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitario Dr. Jose E. Gonzalez, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Mexico
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23
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Ipilimumab, a promising immunotherapy with increased overall survival in metastatic melanoma? Dermatol Res Pract 2011; 2012:182157. [PMID: 22046181 PMCID: PMC3199197 DOI: 10.1155/2012/182157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2011] [Accepted: 08/23/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma (MM) is one of the most aggressive skin cancer. The therapeutic options remain limited for advanced MM, and those directed to the neoplastic cells have not brought major survival advantage so far. Immunotherapy is another targeted option. Ipilimumab, a monoclonal antibody directed to CTLA-4 present on cytotoxic T cells boosts immunity, particularly its anti-MM activity. Under treatment, the overall survival of patients with MM metastases is moderately but significantly increased. The immuno-related adverse effects may be severe and life threatening.
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Serrano-Falcón C, Pugnaire MAF, del Mar Serrano-Falcón M, Morales MG, Serrano-Ortega S. Correspondence. Int J Dermatol 2011; 50:1435-1437. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2010.04517.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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25
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The emergence of supportive oncodermatology: The study of dermatologic adverse events to cancer therapies. J Am Acad Dermatol 2011; 65:624-635. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2010.06.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2010] [Revised: 06/28/2010] [Accepted: 06/30/2010] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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26
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Hu G, Liu P, Feng J, Jin Y. Transplantation with bone marrow stromal cells promotes wound healing under chemotherapy through altering phenotypes. Int J Biol Sci 2011; 7:912-26. [PMID: 21850201 PMCID: PMC3157266 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.7.912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2011] [Accepted: 07/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell transplantation is a promising strategy for delayed wound healing caused by chemotherapy. However, the fate of stem cells under chemotherapy has not been fully elucidated. Herein we characterized human fetal bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSCs) during wound healing in mice treated with cyclophosphamide (CTX). The isolated hBMSCs expressed the phenotype of CD11blow/CD14low/CD34low/CD45low/CD29high/CD44high/CD90high/CD105high/CD146high/STRO-1low. Following in vitro exposure to CTX, hBMSCs showed decreased cell growth in a dose- and time-dependent manner, accompanied by increased expressions of collagen-I/III, and CD31. After transplantation, wounds closed as early as 8 days and were positive for α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), implicating the enhanced re-epithelialization and wound contraction. Moreover, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and CD31 showed co-localization with α-SMA, suggesting the differentiation of hBMSCs into epithelial cells and myofibroblasts/fibroblasts. Taken together, our results indicate hBMSCs can accelerate wound healing under chemotherapy through altering their phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Hu
- Department of Dermatology, Second Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, China.
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27
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The suggestion of a risk stratification system for febrile neutropenia in patients with hematologic disease. Leuk Res 2010; 34:294-300. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2009.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2009] [Revised: 08/03/2009] [Accepted: 08/17/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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28
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Abstract
Facial and neck pigmentations are significant cosmetic problems. They are common in middle-aged women, related to endogenous (hormones) and exogenous factors (cosmetics, perfumes, sun exposure), and often represent paramount causes of emotional distress. Although melasma is the most common cause of facial pigmentation, there are many other forms including drug-induced and postinflammatory hyperpigmentation. We review pathogenesis, clinical and histopathological data, effect on quality of life, and treatment options in facial hyperpigmentation disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Rigopoulos
- Department of Dermatology, A. Sygros Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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29
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Fluhr JW, Miteva M, Primavera G, Ziemer M, Elsner P, Berardesca E. Functional Assessment of a Skin Care System in Patients on Chemotherapy. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2007; 20:253-9. [PMID: 17587889 DOI: 10.1159/000104423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2006] [Accepted: 04/27/2007] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy frequently experience skin problems such as xerosis. The aim of this study was to verify whether a concomitant treatment with an acidic washing and an acidic emollient (both pH 5.5) can significantly improve the quality of the skin in such patients. METHODS 30 adult patients on chemotherapy experiencing dry and sensitive skin were included in a controlled, monocentric, 3-week treatment trial. One forearm served as a test site, the other one remained untreated. Noninvasive biophysical measurements were performed at baseline, on days 7, 14 and 21, along with clinical evaluation of the skin symptoms. RESULTS After a 3-week treatment, a significant increase in stratum corneum hydration was recorded in the treated site (p < 0.001). Reduced transepidermal water loss values, consistent with a restored barrier function, were obtained (p < 0.001). Casual sebum levels as measured by sebumetry showed a significant increase (p < 0.03). All skin symptoms investigated revealed a considerable improvement over 3 weeks. CONCLUSION Controlled and regular use of a skin care system, especially an acidic one, improved skin physiology in patients undergoing chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Fluhr
- Skin Physiology Laboratory, Friedrich-Schiller University, Jena, Germany.
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Abstract
The clinical course of polycythemia vera (PV) is marked by a high incidence of thrombotic complications; fibrotic and leukemic disease transformations are additional causes of morbidity and mortality. Major predictors of vascular events are increasing age and previous thrombosis; leukocytosis and high JAK2 V617F allele burden are currently being investigated for additional prognostic value in this regard. Myelosuppressive drugs can reduce the rate of thrombosis, but there is concern that their use raises the risk of transformation into acute leukemia. To tackle this dilemma, a risk-oriented management strategy is recommended. Low-risk patients should be treated with phlebotomy and low-dose aspirin. Cytotoxic therapy is indicated in high-risk patients, and the drug of choice is hydroxyurea because of its efficacy in preventing thrombosis and low leukemogenicity. Interferon-alpha should be reserved for selected categories of patients due to high cost and toxicity. The demonstration of JAK2 V617F mutation in the vast majority of PV patients opens the avenue for the development of promising new molecularly targeted drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Finazzi
- Department of Hematology, Ospedali Riuniti di Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan E Lai
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review common cutaneous effects and dermatologic or cutaneous toxicities related to the administration of chemotherapy. These range from mostly cosmetic, such as hyperpigmentation or alopecia, to dose-limiting toxicities such as palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia or hand-foot syndrome. DATA SOURCES Current research, published literature, and internet resources. CONCLUSION Assessment and grading of associated toxicities of therapy is an integral part of caring for this patient population. Early intervention may reduce toxicities associated with therapies for this patient population IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE As more patients receive chemotherapy, dermatologic effects are becoming more common. Oncology nurses must be skilled in managing these side effects.
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Kluger N, Bessis D, Guillot B. Chronic cutaneous lupus flare induced by systemic 5-fluorouracil. J DERMATOL TREAT 2006; 17:51-3. [PMID: 16467025 DOI: 10.1080/09546630500475591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
5-Fluorouracil is an antineoplastic antimetabolite responsible for a variety of cutaneous reactions. We report a case of chronic cutaneous lupus flare related to systemic 5-fluorouracil administration for breast cancer in a patient with documented history of chronic cutaneous lupus.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kluger
- Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Saint Eloi, Montpellier, France
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