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Heidari L, Ghaderian SMH, Bastami M, Hosseini S, Alipour Parsa S, Heidari S, Jafari H, Sohrabifar N, Pirhoushiaran M. Reverse expression pattern of sirtuin-1 and histone deacetylase-9 in coronary artery disease. Arch Physiol Biochem 2023; 129:46-53. [PMID: 32758009 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2020.1797100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND SIRT1 and HDAC 9 genes are related to inflammation and may contribute to the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease (CAD). We aimed to evaluate the expression level, methylation profile and polymorphisms of these genes in CAD patients. METHODS In this study, 50 CAD patients and 50 healthy individuals were recruited. The expression level change was evaluated using the TaqMan Real-Time PCR method. The methylation of genes promoter and genotyping of polymorphisms were evaluated by the HRM. RESULTS The expression level of SIRT1 was reduced while the HDAC9 expression level showed a significant elevation (p < .001). The SIRT1 gene promoter was hypomethylated and the HDAC9 gene promoter was hypermethylated in CAD patients. Also, CG + GG genotype in SIRT1 and both genotypes in the HDAC9 gene were associated with expression change. CONCLUSIONS SIRT1 and HDAC9 genes, expression changes can be suggested as a potential biomarker for CAD detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laleh Heidari
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sayyed Mohammad Hossein Ghaderian
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Urogenital Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Milad Bastami
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shadi Hosseini
- Department of Medical Genetics Ward, Imam Khomeini, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Alipour Parsa
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahel Heidari
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Jafari
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Jondishapour University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Nasim Sohrabifar
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Pirhoushiaran
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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2
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Winkle AJ, Nassal DM, Shaheen R, Thomas E, Mohta S, Gratz D, Weinberg SH, Hund TJ. Emerging therapeutic targets for cardiac hypertrophy. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2022; 26:29-40. [PMID: 35076342 PMCID: PMC8885901 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2022.2031974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cardiac hypertrophy is associated with adverse outcomes across cardiovascular disease states. Despite strides over the last three decades in identifying molecular and cellular mechanisms driving hypertrophy, the link between pathophysiological stress stimuli and specific myocyte/heart growth profiles remains unclear. Moreover, the optimal strategy for preventing pathology in the setting of hypertrophy remains controversial. AREAS COVERED This review discusses molecular mechanisms underlying cardiac hypertrophy with a focus on factors driving the orientation of myocyte growth and the impact on heart function. We highlight recent work showing a novel role for the spectrin-based cytoskeleton, emphasizing regulation of myocyte dimensions but not hypertrophy per se. Finally, we consider opportunities for directing the orientation of myocyte growth in response to hypertrophic stimuli as an alternative therapeutic approach. Relevant publications on the topic were identified through Pubmed with open-ended search dates. EXPERT OPINION To define new therapeutic avenues, more precision is required when describing changes in myocyte and heart structure/function in response to hypertrophic stimuli. Recent developments in computational modeling of hypertrophic networks, in concert with more refined experimental approaches will catalyze translational discovery to advance the field and further our understanding of cardiac hypertrophy and its relationship with heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Winkle
- The Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia, The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, the Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Drew M Nassal
- The Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia, The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, the Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Rebecca Shaheen
- The Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia, The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, the Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Evelyn Thomas
- The Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia, The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, the Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Shivangi Mohta
- The Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia, The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, the Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Daniel Gratz
- The Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia, The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, the Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Seth H Weinberg
- The Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia, The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, the Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Thomas J Hund
- The Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia, The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, the Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, the Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Oncological therapies show a number of undesired adverse effects on the cardiovascular system. In particular, the side effects of recently established oncological therapies are incompletely understood and clinical data are lacking in the interpretation of novel cardiac complications. OBJECTIVE This article provides a short overview of the mechanisms of cardiac side effects of certain oncological therapies. MATERIAL AND METHODS The review is mainly based on data from preclinical studies. RESULTS Numerous toxic side effects have already been described and investigated in preclinical models. For certain groups of drugs (e.g. anthracyclines, tyrosine kinase inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitors) the underlying molecular mechanisms are still not fully understood. CONCLUSION An improved understanding of the molecular mechanism involved in cardiotoxicity might help improve the quality of clinical decisions. Additionally, it will provide new insights into the pathophysiology of cardiac diseases. The aim is to use the results of translational research and to clinically implement them in suitable cardio-oncology units.
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Affiliation(s)
- L H Lehmann
- Innere Medizin III, Abteilung für Kardiologie, Pneumologie und Angiologie, Sektion Kardio-Onkologie, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Deutschland. .,Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung (DZHK), Standort Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Deutschland. .,Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Deutschland.
| | - S Fröhling
- Abteilung für Translationale Medizinische Onkologie, Nationales Centrum für Tumorerkrankungen (NCT) Heidelberg und DKFZ, Heidelberg, Deutschland.,Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung (DKTK), Heidelberg, Deutschland
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4
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Xia C, Tao Y, Li M, Che T, Qu J. Protein acetylation and deacetylation: An important regulatory modification in gene transcription (Review). Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:2923-2940. [PMID: 32855658 PMCID: PMC7444376 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells primarily rely on proteins to perform the majority of their physiological functions, and the function of proteins is regulated by post-translational modifications (PTMs). The acetylation of proteins is a dynamic and highly specific PTM, which has an important influence on the functions of proteins, such as gene transcription and signal transduction. The acetylation of proteins is primarily dependent on lysine acetyltransferases and lysine deacetylases. In recent years, due to the widespread use of mass spectrometry and the emergence of new technologies, such as protein chips, studies on protein acetylation have been further developed. Compared with histone acetylation, acetylation of non-histone proteins has gradually become the focus of research due to its important regulatory mechanisms and wide range of applications. The discovery of specific protein acetylation sites using bioinformatic tools can greatly aid the understanding of the underlying mechanisms of protein acetylation involved in related physiological and pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Xia
- Department of Cell Biology, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
| | - Yu Tao
- Department of Cell Biology, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
| | - Mingshan Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
| | - Tuanjie Che
- Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Translational Medicine, Suzhou Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Science and Technology Town Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215153, P.R. China
| | - Jing Qu
- Department of Cell Biology, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
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5
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Romanick SS, Ferguson BS. The nonepigenetic role for small molecule histone deacetylase inhibitors in the regulation of cardiac function. Future Med Chem 2019; 11:1345-1356. [PMID: 31161804 PMCID: PMC6714070 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2018-0311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Eight million US adults are projected to suffer from heart failure (HF) by 2030. Of concern, 5-year mortality rates following HF diagnosis approximate 40%. Small molecule histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors have demonstrated efficacy for the treatment and reversal of HF. Historically, HDACs were studied as regulators of nucleosomal histones, in which lysine deacetylation on histone tails changed DNA-histone protein electrostatic interactions, leading to chromatin condensation and changes in gene expression. However, recent proteomics studies have demonstrated that approximately 4500 proteins can be acetylated in various tissues; the function of most of these remains unknown. This Review will focus on the nonepigenetic role for lysine acetylation in the heart, with a focus on nonepigenetic actions for HDAC inhibitors on cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha S Romanick
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, NV 89557, USA
- Department of Nutrition, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, NV 89557, USA
- COBRE Molecular and Cellular Signal Transduction in the Cardiovascular System, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Bradley S Ferguson
- Department of Nutrition, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, NV 89557, USA
- COBRE Molecular and Cellular Signal Transduction in the Cardiovascular System, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, NV 89557, USA
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6
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Lithium interacts with cardiac remodeling: the fundamental value in the pharmacotherapy of bipolar disorder. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2019; 88:208-214. [PMID: 30053574 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Patients with bipolar disorder (BD) have an increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality during the course of their illness. For over half a century, lithium has been the gold-standard medication used to treat the mood burdens of BD. In addition, lithium possesses several biological effects that may modulate cardiovascular risk in patients with BD. In this review, we update the current knowledge of cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the possible cardiac actions of lithium. The mechanistic insights suggest that lithium at therapeutic levels potentially exerts cardioprotective effects on ischemic hearts by modulating structural and electrical remodeling. The possible cardioprotective actions of lithium may involve an extensive range of signaling pathways, including the Wnt/glycogen synthase kinase-3β, phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B, phosphoinositide/protein kinase C, and mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase cascades. Accordingly, understanding the cardioprotective effects of lithium may lead to the development of a potential strategy for reducing cardiovascular morbidity in patients with BD.
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7
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HDAC inhibitor valproic acid protects heart function through Foxm1 pathway after acute myocardial infarction. EBioMedicine 2018; 39:83-94. [PMID: 30552062 PMCID: PMC6354709 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epigenetic histone acetylation is a major event controlling cell functions, such as metabolism, differentiation and repair. Here, we aim to determine whether Valproic acid (VPA), a FDA approved inhibitor of histone deacetylation for bipolar disease, could protect heart against myocardial infarction (MI) injury and elucidate key molecular pathways. Methods VPA was administrated to MI rats at different time points, onset and after MI injury. Echocardiography, histology, serum biology assays, and gene expression, inhibition, and over-expression were performed to characterize the systolic function, infarct size, gene and signaling pathways. Findings VPA treatment reduced the infarct size by ~50% and preserved the systolic function of heart after acute MI in rats. Even 60 min after infarction, VPA treatment significantly decreased infarct size. Furthermore, long-term treatment of VPA markedly improved myocardial performance. VPA regulated gene expression essential for cell survival and anti-inflammatory response. Consequently, oxidative stress and cell death were notably reduced after VPA treatment. Moreover, Foxm1 was identified as a potential key target of VPA. Overexpression of Foxm1 provided similar heart protective effect to VPA treatment. Particularly, both VPA treatment and Foxm1 over-expression repressed inflammatory response after MI for heart protection. In contrast, inhibition of Foxm1 activity abolished the cardiac protective effect of VPA. VPA mediated CM protection through Foxm1 upregulation was also identified in a human ESC derived CM hypoxia/reperfusion system. Interpretation VPA treatments significantly reduce cardiac damage after MI and the cardioprotective effect of VPA is likely mediated via Foxm1 pathway. Fund This work was mainly supported by 1R01HL109054.
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8
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Evans LW, Ferguson BS. Food Bioactive HDAC Inhibitors in the Epigenetic Regulation of Heart Failure. Nutrients 2018; 10:E1120. [PMID: 30126190 PMCID: PMC6115944 DOI: 10.3390/nu10081120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 5.7 million U.S. adults have been diagnosed with heart failure (HF). More concerning is that one in nine U.S. deaths included HF as a contributing cause. Current HF drugs (e.g., β-blockers, ACEi) target intracellular signaling cascades downstream of cell surface receptors to prevent cardiac pump dysfunction. However, these drugs fail to target other redundant intracellular signaling pathways and, therefore, limit drug efficacy. As such, it has been postulated that compounds designed to target shared downstream mediators of these signaling pathways would be more efficacious for the treatment of HF. Histone deacetylation has been linked as a key pathogenetic element for the development of HF. Lysine residues undergo diverse and reversible post-translational modifications that include acetylation and have historically been studied as epigenetic modifiers of histone tails within chromatin that provide an important mechanism for regulating gene expression. Of recent, bioactive compounds within our diet have been linked to the regulation of gene expression, in part, through regulation of the epi-genome. It has been reported that food bioactives regulate histone acetylation via direct regulation of writer (histone acetyl transferases, HATs) and eraser (histone deacetylases, HDACs) proteins. Therefore, bioactive food compounds offer unique therapeutic strategies as epigenetic modifiers of heart failure. This review will highlight food bio-actives as modifiers of histone deacetylase activity in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levi W Evans
- Department of Agriculture, Nutrition, & Veterinary Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA.
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA.
- Environmental Science & Health, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA.
| | - Bradley S Ferguson
- Department of Agriculture, Nutrition, & Veterinary Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA.
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA.
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9
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Bing OHL. Hypothesis: role for ammonia neutralization in the prevention and reversal of heart failure. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018; 314:H1049-H1052. [PMID: 29547022 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00003.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia plays a central role in the life and death of all living organisms and has been studied for over 100 yr. Ammonia is necessary for growth and development, but it is toxic in excess, and, as a result, differing methods of ammonia neutralization have evolved. After physiological and pathological stress to the heart, tissue ammonia levels rise. Local ammonia neutralization may be inadequate, and excess ammonia may exert its toxic effects. Phenylbutyrate (PBA), which is Federal Drug Administration approved for the treatment of elevated blood ammonia in urea cycle disorders, provides an accessory pathway for ammonia excretion. Recently, PBA has also been found to prevent specific cardiomyopathies. The central theme presents the hypothesis that stress to the myocardium from a variety of environmental sources causes injury, cell death, necrosis, and ammonia production. Ammonia, if not neutralized, exerts downstream toxic effects. Here, data are presented showing that neutralization with PBA alone and PBA combined with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition prevent and reverse pathophysiology associated with specific cardiomyopathies. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Ammonia produced after myocardial injury is hypothesized to be an upstream stress contributing to the pathophysiology of heart failure, effects that may be attenuated by a documented ammonia-reducing treatment. Reversal of heart failure can be achieved using an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor combined with an ammonia-reducing treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar H L Bing
- Boston Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Boston, Massachusetts
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10
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Chen D, Chen F, Xu Y, Zhang Y, Li Z, Zhang H, Pan T, Su Y, Wan M, Wang X, Ye J. AKT2 deficiency induces retardation of myocyte development through EndoG-MEF2A signaling in mouse heart. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 493:1410-1417. [PMID: 28965945 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.09.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinase B2 (AKT2) is implicated in diverse process of cardiomyocyte signaling including survival and metabolism. However, the role of AKT2 in myocardium development and the signaling pathway is rarely understood. Therefore, we sought to determine the effect of AKT2 deletion on heart development and its downstream targets. By using experimental animal models and neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs), we observed that AKT2 deficiency induces retardation of heart development and increased systemic blood pressure (BP) without affecting cardiac function. Further investigation suggested that deficiency of AKT2 in myocardium results in diminished MEF2A abundance, which induced decreased size of cardiomyocytes. We additionally confirmed that EndoG, which is also regulated by AKT2, is a suppressor of MEF2A in myocardium. Finally, our results proved that AKT2 deficiency impairs the response to β-adrenergic stimuli that normally causes hypertrophy in cardiomyocytes by downregulating MEF2A expression. Our data are the first to show the important role of AKT2 in determining the size of myocardium, its deficiency causes retardation of cardiomyocyte development. We also proved a novel pathway of heart development involving EndoG and MEF2A regulated by AKT2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Fan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Yitao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210006, China; Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0RE, UK
| | - Yubin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Zhe Li
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, China; Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Han Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Tianshu Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Yuheng Su
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Miyang Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Xiaochuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Junmei Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210006, China.
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Manivasagam S, Velusamy T, Sowndharajan B, Chandrasekar N, Dhanusu S, Vellaichamy E. Valporic acid enhances the Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) mediated anti-hypertrophic activity by modulating the Npr1 gene transcription in H9c2 cells in vitro. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 813:94-104. [PMID: 28743391 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The present study was aimed to determine whether stimulating Npr1 gene activity using Valporic acid (VA), a small short chain fatty acid molecule can enhance ANP mediated anti-hypertrophic activity in isoproterenol (ISO) - treated H9c2 cells in vitro. H9c2 cells were treated with ISO (10-5 M) and co-treated with VA (10-5 M) in the presence and absence of ANP (10-8M), for 48h. ATRA (10-5 M) was used as a positive inducer of Npr1 gene transcription. The mRNA expression of Npr1 and PKG-I genes, proto-oncogenes (c-fos, c-jun and c-myc) and hypertrophic markers (ANP, BNP, α-sk and β-MyHC), genes were determined by quantitative PCR (qPCR). The protein profiling of NPR-A, PKG-I and cGMP were evaluated by Western blot, immunofluorescence and ELISA respectively. A marked reduction in the level of expression of Npr1 (3- fold) and PKG-I (2.5-fold) genes and increased expression of proto-oncogenes (p< 0.001, respectively) and hypertrophic marker genes (p<0.001, respectively) were noticed in the ISO-treated H9c2 cells as compared with control cells. In contrast, the VA treated cells showed maximal Npr1 gene expression (3.5-fold) as compared with ATRA treated cells (2 fold), which is well correlated with the intracellular cGMP levels (80% vs 60%) and reduced (2.5-fold) HDAC -1&-2 mRNA expression. Furthermore, VA or ATRA treatment effectively reversed the ISO-induced altered expression of Npr1 and PKG-I genes, proto-oncogenes, and hypertrophic markers genes. Interestingly, the results of the present study suggest that ANP mediated anti-hypertrophic activity was enhanced with either VA (p<0.001) or ATRA (p<0.01) co-treatment. Together, we conclude that VA in combination with ANP can be a novel therapeutical approach for the treatment and management of left ventricular cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tamilselvi Velusamy
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus,Chennai 600025, India
| | - Boopathi Sowndharajan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus,Chennai 600025, India
| | - Navvi Chandrasekar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus,Chennai 600025, India
| | - Suresh Dhanusu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus,Chennai 600025, India
| | - Elangovan Vellaichamy
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus,Chennai 600025, India.
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Early transcriptional alteration of histone deacetylases in a murine model of doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180571. [PMID: 28662206 PMCID: PMC5491252 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin is a potent chemotherapeutic agent that is widely-used to treat a variety of cancers but causes acute and chronic cardiac injury, severely limiting its use. Clinically, the acute side effects of doxorubicin are mostly manageable, whereas the delayed consequences can lead to life-threatening heart failure, even decades after cancer treatment. The cardiotoxicity of doxorubicin is subject to a critical cumulative dose and so dosage limitation is considered to be the best way to reduce these effects. Hence, a number of studies have defined a "safe dose" of the drug, both in animal models and clinical settings, with the aim of avoiding long-term cardiac effects. Here we show that a dose generally considered as safe in a mouse model can induce harmful changes in the myocardium, as early as 2 weeks after infusion. The adverse changes include the development of fibrotic lesions, disarray of cardiomyocytes and a major transcription dysregulation. Importantly, low-dose doxorubicin caused specific changes in the transcriptional profile of several histone deacetylases (HDACs) which are epigenetic regulators of cardiac remodelling. This suggests that cardioprotective therapies, aimed at modulating HDACs during doxorubicin treatment, deserve further exploration.
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13
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Perspectivas moleculares en cardiopatía hipertrófica: abordaje epigenético desde la modificación de la cromatina. REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE CARDIOLOGÍA 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rccar.2016.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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14
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Lkhagva B, Kao YH, Chen YC, Chao TF, Chen SA, Chen YJ. Targeting histone deacetylases: A novel therapeutic strategy for atrial fibrillation. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 781:250-7. [PMID: 27089819 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common cardiac arrhythmia associated with high mortality and morbidity. Current treatments of AF have limited efficacy and considerable side effects. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) play critical roles in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases and contribute to the genesis of AF. Therefore, HDAC inhibition may prove a novel therapeutic strategy for AF through upstream therapy and modifications of AF electrical and structural remodeling. In this review, we provide an update of the knowledge of the effects of HDACs and HDAC inhibitors on AF, and dissect potential underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baigalmaa Lkhagva
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsun Kao
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Education and Research, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Chang Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tze-Fan Chao
- Division of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ann Chen
- Division of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jen Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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15
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Fatima N, Cohen DC, Sukumar G, Sissung TM, Schooley JF, Haigney MC, Claycomb WC, Cox RT, Dalgard CL, Bates SE, Flagg TP. Histone deacetylase inhibitors modulate KATP subunit transcription in HL-1 cardiomyocytes through effects on cholesterol homeostasis. Front Pharmacol 2015; 6:168. [PMID: 26321954 PMCID: PMC4534802 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDIs) are under investigation for the treatment of a number of human health problems. HDIs have proven therapeutic value in refractory cases of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Electrocardiographic ST segment morphological changes associated with HDIs were observed during development. Because ST segment morphology is typically linked to changes in ATP sensitive potassium (KATP) channel activity, we tested the hypothesis that HDIs affect cardiac KATP channel subunit expression. Two different HDIs, romidepsin and trichostatin A, caused ~20-fold increase in SUR2 (Abcc9) subunit mRNA expression in HL-1 cardiomyocytes. The effect was specific for the SUR2 subunit as neither compound causes a marked change in SUR1 (Abcc8) expression. Moreover, the effect was cell specific as neither HDI markedly altered KATP subunit expression in MIN6 pancreatic β-cells. We observe significant enrichment of the H3K9Ac histone mark specifically at the SUR2 promoter consistent with the conclusion that chromatin remodeling at this locus plays a role in increasing SUR2 gene expression. Unexpectedly, however, we also discovered that HDI-dependent depletion of cellular cholesterol is required for the observed effects on SUR2 expression. Taken together, the data in the present study demonstrate that KATP subunit expression can be epigenetically regulated in cardiomyocytes, defines a role for cholesterol homeostasis in mediating epigenetic regulation and suggests a potential molecular basis for the cardiac effects of the HDIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naheed Fatima
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, F. Edward Hebert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Devin C Cohen
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, F. Edward Hebert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gauthaman Sukumar
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, F. Edward Hebert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tristan M Sissung
- Developmental Therapeutic Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - James F Schooley
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, F. Edward Hebert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mark C Haigney
- Department of Medicine, F. Edward Hebert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - William C Claycomb
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, LSU Health Sciences Center New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Rachel T Cox
- Department of Biochemistry, F. Edward Hebert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Clifton L Dalgard
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, F. Edward Hebert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Susan E Bates
- Developmental Therapeutic Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Thomas P Flagg
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, F. Edward Hebert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences Bethesda, MD, USA
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16
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Ferguson BS, McKinsey TA. Non-sirtuin histone deacetylases in the control of cardiac aging. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2015; 83:14-20. [PMID: 25791169 PMCID: PMC4459895 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2014] [Revised: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) catalyze the removal of acetyl-groups from lysine residues within nucelosomal histone tails and thousands of non-histone proteins. The 18 mammalian HDACs are grouped into four classes. Classes I, II and IV HDACs employ zinc as a co-factor for catalytic activity, while class III HDACs (also known as sirtuins) require NAD+ for enzymatic function. Small molecule inhibitors of zinc-dependent HDACs are efficacious in multiple pre-clinical models of pressure overload and ischemic cardiomyopathy, reducing pathological hypertrophy and fibrosis, and improving contractile function. Emerging data have revealed numerous mechanisms by which HDAC inhibitors benefit the heart, including suppression of oxidative stress and inflammation, inhibition of MAP kinase signaling, and enhancement of cardiac protein aggregate clearance and autophagic flux. Here, we summarize recent findings with zinc-dependent HDACs and HDAC inhibitors in the heart, focusing on newly described functions for distinct HDAC isoforms (e.g. HDAC2, HDAC3 and HDAC6). Potential for pharmacological HDAC inhibition as a means of treating age-related cardiac dysfunction is also discussed. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: CV Aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley S Ferguson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado, Denver, 12700 E. 19th Ave Aurora, CO 80045-0508, USA
| | - Timothy A McKinsey
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado, Denver, 12700 E. 19th Ave Aurora, CO 80045-0508, USA.
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17
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele G Schiattarella
- From Departments of Internal Medicine (Cardiology) (G.G.S., J.A.H.) and Molecular Biology (J.A.H.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Joseph A Hill
- From Departments of Internal Medicine (Cardiology) (G.G.S., J.A.H.) and Molecular Biology (J.A.H.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX.
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18
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Xie M, Kong Y, Tan W, May H, Battiprolu PK, Pedrozo Z, Wang ZV, Morales C, Luo X, Cho G, Jiang N, Jessen ME, Warner JJ, Lavandero S, Gillette TG, Turer AT, Hill JA. Histone deacetylase inhibition blunts ischemia/reperfusion injury by inducing cardiomyocyte autophagy. Circulation 2014; 129:1139-51. [PMID: 24396039 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.113.002416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reperfusion accounts for a substantial fraction of the myocardial injury occurring with ischemic heart disease. Yet, no standard therapies are available targeting reperfusion injury. Here, we tested the hypothesis that suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), a histone deacetylase inhibitor approved for cancer treatment by the US Food and Drug Administration, will blunt reperfusion injury. METHODS AND RESULTS Twenty-one rabbits were randomly assigned to 3 groups: (1) vehicle control, (2) SAHA pretreatment (1 day before and at surgery), and (3) SAHA treatment at the time of reperfusion only. Each arm was subjected to ischemia/reperfusion surgery (30 minutes coronary ligation, 24 hours reperfusion). In addition, cultured neonatal and adult rat ventricular cardiomyocytes were subjected to simulated ischemia/reperfusion to probe mechanism. SAHA reduced infarct size and partially rescued systolic function when administered either before surgery (pretreatment) or solely at the time of reperfusion. SAHA plasma concentrations were similar to those achieved in patients with cancer. In the infarct border zone, SAHA increased autophagic flux, assayed in both rabbit myocardium and in mice harboring an RFP-GFP-LC3 transgene. In cultured myocytes subjected to simulated ischemia/reperfusion, SAHA pretreatment reduced cell death by 40%. This reduction in cell death correlated with increased autophagic activity in SAHA-treated cells. RNAi-mediated knockdown of ATG7 and ATG5, essential autophagy proteins, abolished SAHA's cardioprotective effects. CONCLUSIONS The US Food and Drug Administration-approved anticancer histone deacetylase inhibitor, SAHA, reduces myocardial infarct size in a large animal model, even when delivered in the clinically relevant context of reperfusion. The cardioprotective effects of SAHA during ischemia/reperfusion occur, at least in part, through the induction of autophagic flux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Xie
- Departments of Internal Medicine (Cardiology) (M.X., Y.K., W.Y., H.M., P.K.B., Z.P., Z.V.W., C.M., X.L., G.C., N.J., J.J.W., S.L., T.G.G., A.T.T., J.A.H.), Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery (M.E.J.), Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS) & Centro Estudios Moleculares de la Celula, Facultad Ciencias Quimicas y Farmaceuticas & Facultad Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile (S.L.); and the Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.A.H.)
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19
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Lavandero S, Troncoso R, Rothermel BA, Martinet W, Sadoshima J, Hill JA. Cardiovascular autophagy: concepts, controversies, and perspectives. Autophagy 2013; 9:1455-66. [PMID: 23959233 DOI: 10.4161/auto.25969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite recent scientific and technological advances, cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Autophagy, an evolutionarily ancient response to cellular stress, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a wide range of heart pathologies. However, the precise role of autophagy in these contexts remains obscure owing to its multifarious actions. Here, we review recently derived insights regarding the role of autophagy in multiple manifestations of cardiac plasticity and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Lavandero
- Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell; Faculty of Chemical & Pharmaceutical Sciences/ Faculty of Medicine; University of Chile; Santiago, Chile; Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology Division); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; Dallas, TX USA
| | - Rodrigo Troncoso
- Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell; Faculty of Chemical & Pharmaceutical Sciences/ Faculty of Medicine; University of Chile; Santiago, Chile
| | - Beverly A Rothermel
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology Division); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; Dallas, TX USA; Department of Molecular Biology; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; Dallas, TX USA
| | - Wim Martinet
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology; University of Antwerp; Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Junichi Sadoshima
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine; Rutgers New Jersey Medical School; Newark, NJ USA
| | - Joseph A Hill
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology Division); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; Dallas, TX USA; Department of Molecular Biology; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; Dallas, TX USA
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20
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Kalin JH, Bergman JA. Development and therapeutic implications of selective histone deacetylase 6 inhibitors. J Med Chem 2013; 56:6297-313. [PMID: 23627282 DOI: 10.1021/jm4001659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This Perspective provides an in depth look at the numerous disease states in which histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) has been implicated. The physiological pathways, protein-protein interactions, and non-histone substrates relating to different pathological conditions are discussed with regard to HDAC6. Furthermore, the compounds and methods used to modulate HDAC6 activity are profiled. The latter half of this Perspective analyzes reported HDAC6 selective inhibitors in terms of structure, potency, and selectivity over the other HDAC isoforms with the intent of providing a comprehensive overview of the molecular tools available. Potential obstacles and future directions of HDAC6 research are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay H Kalin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States.
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21
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Licciardi PV, Kwa FAA, Ververis K, Di Costanzo N, Balcerczyk A, Tang ML, El-Osta A, Karagiannis TC. Influence of natural and synthetic histone deacetylase inhibitors on chromatin. Antioxid Redox Signal 2012; 17:340-54. [PMID: 22229817 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2011.4480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs) have emerged as a new class of anticancer therapeutics. The hydroxamic acid, suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (Vorinostat, Zolinza™), and the cyclic peptide, depsipeptide (Romidepsin, Istodax™), were approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma in 2006 and 2009, respectively. At least 15 HDACIs are currently undergoing clinical trials either alone or in combination with other therapeutic modalities for the treatment of numerous hematological and solid malignancies. RECENT ADVANCES The potential utility of HDACIs has been extended to nononcologic applications, including autoimmune disorders, inflammation, diseases of the central nervous system, and malaria. CRITICAL ISSUES Given the promise of HDACIs, there is growing interest in the potential of dietary compounds that possess HDAC inhibition activity. This review is focused on the identification of and recent findings with HDACIs from dietary, medicinal plant, and microbial sources. We discuss the mechanisms of action and clinical potential of natural HDACIs. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Apart from identification of further HDACI compounds from dietary sources, further research will be aimed at understanding the effects on gene regulation on lifetime exposure to these compounds. Another important issue that requires clarification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul V Licciardi
- Allergy and Immune Disorders, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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22
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Napoli C, Casamassimi A, Crudele V, Infante T, Abbondanza C. Kidney and heart interactions during cardiorenal syndrome: a molecular and clinical pathogenic framework. Future Cardiol 2012; 7:485-97. [PMID: 21797745 DOI: 10.2217/fca.11.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The heart and kidney are physiologically interconnected. Cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) is a pathological disorder where acute or chronic dysfunction in one organ may induce dysfunction in the other one. Although classical studies have proposed a role for hypertension, dyslipidemia and endothelial dysfunction, CRS should be considered as a complex molecular interplay of neurohumoral pathway activation including the sympathetic nervous system, the renin angiotensin aldosterone axis, the endothelin system and the arginine vasopressin system. This activation may induce vascular inflammation, oxidative stress, accelerated atherosclerosis, cardiac hypertrophy and both myocardial and intrarenal fibrosis with progression of CRS treatment. More recently, epigenetics has opened new pathogenic molecular routes for CRS. This will lead to a more rapid development of novel, safe and effective clinical therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Napoli
- Dipartimento di Patologia Generale, Centro di Eccellenza sulle Malattie Cardiovascolari, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Seconda Università di Napoli, Via Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Napoli, Italy.
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23
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this article is to provide an overview of the classical histone deacetylase (HDAC) enzymes and HDAC inhibitors. The discussion is focused on the potential anti-asthmatic effects of this group of compounds. METHODS Medline was used with the search terms, "asthma and HDAC," "asthma and Trichostatin A," "asthma and valproic acid," "allergic airways disease and HDAC," "allergic airways disease and Trichostatin A," and "allergic airways disease and valproic acid." Manuscripts from the past decade were accessed. Historical literature dating from the 1960s was accessed for the use of anti-epileptics in the treatment of asthma. RESULTS Preliminary clinical trials with anti-epileptic drugs including the well-known HDAC inhibitor, valproic acid, have shown long-lasting anti-asthmatic effects providing the basis for the evaluation of this class of compounds in asthma. Studies using the prototypical HDAC inhibitor, Trichostatin A, in well-established murine models of allergic airways disease have also indicated beneficial effects. CONCLUSION Although the precise mechanisms are still controversial, inhibition of airway hyperresponsiveness and agonist-induced contraction as well as anti-inflammatory effects have been described for HDAC inhibitors in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon G Royce
- Allergy and Immune Disorders, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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24
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Watson PMD, Riccio A. Nitric oxide and histone deacetylases: A new relationship between old molecules. Commun Integr Biol 2011; 2:11-3. [PMID: 19704855 DOI: 10.4161/cib.2.1.7301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2008] [Accepted: 10/30/2008] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are enzymes that catalyze the removal of acetyl groups from a range of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins. Recently, we described a novel route to neurotrophin-dependent gene activation in neurons, which requires the S-nitrosylation of nuclear HDAC2 by the gaseous molecule nitric oxide (NO).1 We have further investigated the NO-dependent regulation of HDACs in neurons. Using a fluorogenic deacetylation assay, we show that NO decreases the enzymatic activity of a subgroup of neuronal HDACs in vitro and that this inhibition is not due to damaging modifications such as oxidation or tyrosine nitration. The neuronal HDACs whose catalytic activity is inhibited by NO are entirely those that are localized in the cytoplasm. These observations support and extend the concept that nitric oxide is a key regulator of HDAC function in mammalian neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Marc D Watson
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular and Cell Biology; and Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology; University College London; London UK
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25
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Nemchenko A, Chiong M, Turer A, Lavandero S, Hill JA. Autophagy as a therapeutic target in cardiovascular disease. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2011; 51:584-93. [PMID: 21723289 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2011.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2011] [Revised: 05/25/2011] [Accepted: 06/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The epidemic of heart failure continues apace, and development of novel therapies with clinical efficacy has lagged. Now, important insights into the molecular circuitry of cardiovascular autophagy have raised the prospect that this cellular pathway of protein quality control may be a target of clinical relevance. Whereas basal levels of autophagy are required for cell survival, excessive levels - or perhaps distinct forms of autophagic flux - contribute to disease pathogenesis. Our challenge will be to distinguish mechanisms that drive adaptive versus maladaptive autophagy and to manipulate those pathways for therapeutic gain. Recent evidence suggests this may be possible. Here, we review the fundamental biology of autophagy and its role in a variety of forms of cardiovascular disease. We discuss ways in which this evolutionarily conserved catabolic mechanism can be manipulated, discuss studies presently underway in heart disease, and provide our perspective on where this exciting field may lead in the future. This article is part of a special issue entitled ''Key Signaling Molecules in Hypertrophy and Heart Failure.''
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Affiliation(s)
- Andriy Nemchenko
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75235, USA
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26
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Eom GH, Cho YK, Ko JH, Shin S, Choe N, Kim Y, Joung H, Kim HS, Nam KI, Kee HJ, Kook H. Casein Kinase-2α1 Induces Hypertrophic Response by Phosphorylation of Histone Deacetylase 2 S394 and its Activation in the Heart. Circulation 2011; 123:2392-403. [DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.110.003665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gwang Hyeon Eom
- From the Medical Research Center for Gene Regulation (G.H.E., J.-H.K., S.S., N.C., Y.K., H.J., H.J.K., H.K.), Departments of Pharmacology (G.H.E., J.-H.K., N.C., Y.K., H.J., H.K.), Forensic Medicine (H.-S.K.), and Anatomy (K.-I.N.), Chonnam National University Medical School; and Department of Pediatrics (Y.K.C.) and Heart Research Center (H.J.K., H.K.), Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Young Kuk Cho
- From the Medical Research Center for Gene Regulation (G.H.E., J.-H.K., S.S., N.C., Y.K., H.J., H.J.K., H.K.), Departments of Pharmacology (G.H.E., J.-H.K., N.C., Y.K., H.J., H.K.), Forensic Medicine (H.-S.K.), and Anatomy (K.-I.N.), Chonnam National University Medical School; and Department of Pediatrics (Y.K.C.) and Heart Research Center (H.J.K., H.K.), Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Hyeon Ko
- From the Medical Research Center for Gene Regulation (G.H.E., J.-H.K., S.S., N.C., Y.K., H.J., H.J.K., H.K.), Departments of Pharmacology (G.H.E., J.-H.K., N.C., Y.K., H.J., H.K.), Forensic Medicine (H.-S.K.), and Anatomy (K.-I.N.), Chonnam National University Medical School; and Department of Pediatrics (Y.K.C.) and Heart Research Center (H.J.K., H.K.), Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Sera Shin
- From the Medical Research Center for Gene Regulation (G.H.E., J.-H.K., S.S., N.C., Y.K., H.J., H.J.K., H.K.), Departments of Pharmacology (G.H.E., J.-H.K., N.C., Y.K., H.J., H.K.), Forensic Medicine (H.-S.K.), and Anatomy (K.-I.N.), Chonnam National University Medical School; and Department of Pediatrics (Y.K.C.) and Heart Research Center (H.J.K., H.K.), Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Nakwon Choe
- From the Medical Research Center for Gene Regulation (G.H.E., J.-H.K., S.S., N.C., Y.K., H.J., H.J.K., H.K.), Departments of Pharmacology (G.H.E., J.-H.K., N.C., Y.K., H.J., H.K.), Forensic Medicine (H.-S.K.), and Anatomy (K.-I.N.), Chonnam National University Medical School; and Department of Pediatrics (Y.K.C.) and Heart Research Center (H.J.K., H.K.), Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Yoojung Kim
- From the Medical Research Center for Gene Regulation (G.H.E., J.-H.K., S.S., N.C., Y.K., H.J., H.J.K., H.K.), Departments of Pharmacology (G.H.E., J.-H.K., N.C., Y.K., H.J., H.K.), Forensic Medicine (H.-S.K.), and Anatomy (K.-I.N.), Chonnam National University Medical School; and Department of Pediatrics (Y.K.C.) and Heart Research Center (H.J.K., H.K.), Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Hosouk Joung
- From the Medical Research Center for Gene Regulation (G.H.E., J.-H.K., S.S., N.C., Y.K., H.J., H.J.K., H.K.), Departments of Pharmacology (G.H.E., J.-H.K., N.C., Y.K., H.J., H.K.), Forensic Medicine (H.-S.K.), and Anatomy (K.-I.N.), Chonnam National University Medical School; and Department of Pediatrics (Y.K.C.) and Heart Research Center (H.J.K., H.K.), Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Hyung-Seok Kim
- From the Medical Research Center for Gene Regulation (G.H.E., J.-H.K., S.S., N.C., Y.K., H.J., H.J.K., H.K.), Departments of Pharmacology (G.H.E., J.-H.K., N.C., Y.K., H.J., H.K.), Forensic Medicine (H.-S.K.), and Anatomy (K.-I.N.), Chonnam National University Medical School; and Department of Pediatrics (Y.K.C.) and Heart Research Center (H.J.K., H.K.), Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Kwang-Il Nam
- From the Medical Research Center for Gene Regulation (G.H.E., J.-H.K., S.S., N.C., Y.K., H.J., H.J.K., H.K.), Departments of Pharmacology (G.H.E., J.-H.K., N.C., Y.K., H.J., H.K.), Forensic Medicine (H.-S.K.), and Anatomy (K.-I.N.), Chonnam National University Medical School; and Department of Pediatrics (Y.K.C.) and Heart Research Center (H.J.K., H.K.), Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Hae Jin Kee
- From the Medical Research Center for Gene Regulation (G.H.E., J.-H.K., S.S., N.C., Y.K., H.J., H.J.K., H.K.), Departments of Pharmacology (G.H.E., J.-H.K., N.C., Y.K., H.J., H.K.), Forensic Medicine (H.-S.K.), and Anatomy (K.-I.N.), Chonnam National University Medical School; and Department of Pediatrics (Y.K.C.) and Heart Research Center (H.J.K., H.K.), Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Hyun Kook
- From the Medical Research Center for Gene Regulation (G.H.E., J.-H.K., S.S., N.C., Y.K., H.J., H.J.K., H.K.), Departments of Pharmacology (G.H.E., J.-H.K., N.C., Y.K., H.J., H.K.), Forensic Medicine (H.-S.K.), and Anatomy (K.-I.N.), Chonnam National University Medical School; and Department of Pediatrics (Y.K.C.) and Heart Research Center (H.J.K., H.K.), Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea
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Tapping the brake on cardiac growth-endogenous repressors of hypertrophic signaling. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2011; 51:156-67. [PMID: 21586293 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2011.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2011] [Revised: 04/26/2011] [Accepted: 04/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy is considered an early hallmark during the clinical course of heart failure and an important risk factor for cardiac morbidity and mortality. Although hypertrophy of individual cardiomyocytes in response to pathological stimuli has traditionally been considered as an adaptive response required to sustain cardiac output, accumulating evidence from studies in patients and animal models suggests that in most instances hypertrophy of the heart also harbors maladaptive aspects. Major strides have been made in our understanding of the pathways that convey pro-hypertrophic signals from the outside of the cell to the nucleus. In recent years it also has become increasingly evident that the heart possesses a variety of endogenous feedback mechanisms to counterbalance this growth response. These repressive mechanisms are of particular interest since they may provide valuable therapeutic options. In this review we summarize currently known endogenous repressors of pathological cardiac growth as they have been studied by gene targeting in mice. Many of the repressors that function in signal transduction appear to regulate calcineurin (e.g. PICOT, calsarcin, RCAN) and JNK signaling (e.g. CDC42, MKP-1) and some will be described in greater detail in this review. In addition, we will focus on factors such as Kruppel-like factors (KLF4, KLF15 and KLF10) and histone deacetylases (HDACs), which constitute a relevant group of nuclear proteins that repress transcription of the hypertrophic gene program in cardiomyocytes.
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Lemon DD, Horn TR, Cavasin MA, Jeong MY, Haubold KW, Long CS, Irwin DC, McCune SA, Chung E, Leinwand LA, McKinsey TA. Cardiac HDAC6 catalytic activity is induced in response to chronic hypertension. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2011; 51:41-50. [PMID: 21539845 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2011.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2010] [Revised: 04/12/2011] [Accepted: 04/14/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Small molecule histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors block adverse cardiac remodeling in animal models of heart failure. The efficacious compounds target class I, class IIb and, to a lesser extent, class IIa HDACs. It is hypothesized that a selective inhibitor of a specific HDAC class (or an isoform within that class) will provide a favorable therapeutic window for the treatment of heart failure, although the optimal selectivity profile for such a compound remains unknown. Genetic studies have suggested that class I HDACs promote pathological cardiac remodeling, while class IIa HDACs are protective. In contrast, nothing is known about the function or regulation of class IIb HDACs in the heart. We developed assays to quantify catalytic activity of distinct HDAC classes in left and right ventricular cardiac tissue from animal models of hypertensive heart disease. Class I and IIa HDAC activity was elevated in some but not all diseased tissues. In contrast, catalytic activity of the class IIb HDAC, HDAC6, was consistently increased in stressed myocardium, but not in a model of physiologic hypertrophy. HDAC6 catalytic activity was also induced by diverse extracellular stimuli in cultured cardiac myocytes and fibroblasts. These findings suggest an unforeseen role for HDAC6 in the heart, and highlight the need for pre-clinical evaluation of HDAC6-selective inhibitors to determine whether this HDAC isoform is pathological or protective in the setting of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas D Lemon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
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Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors attenuate cardiac hypertrophy by suppressing autophagy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108:4123-8. [PMID: 21367693 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1015081108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 314] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) regulate cardiac plasticity; however, their molecular targets are unknown. As autophagy contributes to pathological cardiac remodeling, we hypothesized that HDAC inhibitors target autophagy. The prototypical HDAC inhibitor (HDACi), trichostatin A (TSA), attenuated both load- and agonist-induced hypertrophic growth and abolished the associated activation of autophagy. Phenylephrine (PE)-triggered hypertrophy and autophagy in cultured cardiomyocytes were each blocked by a panel of structurally distinct HDAC inhibitors. RNAi-mediated knockdown of either Atg5 or Beclin 1, two essential autophagy effectors, was similarly capable of suppressing ligand-induced autophagy and myocyte growth. RNAi experiments uncovered the class I isoforms HDAC1 and HDAC2 as required for the autophagic response. To test the functional requirement of autophagic activation, we studied mice that overexpress Beclin 1 in cardiomyocytes. In these animals with a fourfold amplified autophagic response to TAC, TSA abolished TAC-induced increases in autophagy and blunted load-induced hypertrophy. Finally, we subjected animals with preexisting hypertrophy to HDACi, finding that ventricular mass reverted to near-normal levels and ventricular function normalized completely. Together, these data implicate autophagy as an obligatory element in pathological cardiac remodeling and point to HDAC1/2 as required effectors. Also, these data reveal autophagy as a previously unknown target of HDAC inhibitor therapy.
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Massare J, Berry JM, Luo X, Rob F, Johnstone JL, Shelton JM, Bassel-Duby R, Hill JA, Naseem RH. Diminished cardiac fibrosis in heart failure is associated with altered ventricular arrhythmia phenotype. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2011; 21:1031-7. [PMID: 20233273 DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-8167.2010.01736.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We sought to define the role of interstitial fibrosis in the proarrhythmic phenotype of failing ventricular myocardium. BACKGROUND Multiple cellular events that occur during pathological remodeling of the failing ventricle are implicated in the genesis of ventricular tachycardia (VT), including interstitial fibrosis. Recent studies suggest that ventricular fibrosis is reversible, and current anti-remodeling therapies attenuate ventricular fibrosis. However, the role of interstitial fibrosis in the proarrhythmic phenotype of failing ventricular myocardium is currently not well defined. METHODS Class II histone deacetylases (HDACs) have been implicated in promoting collagen biosynthesis. As these enzymes are inhibited by protein kinase D1 (PKD1), we studied mice with cardiomyocyte-specific transgenic over-expression of a constitutively active mutant of PKD1 (caPKD). caPKD mice were compared with animals in which cardiomyopathy was induced by severe thoracic aortic banding (sTAB). Hearts were analyzed by echocardiographic and electrocardiographic means. Interstitial fibrosis was assessed by histology and quantified biochemically. Ventricular arrhythmias were induced by closed-chest, intracardiac pacing. RESULTS Similar degrees of hypertrophic growth, systolic dysfunction and mortality were observed in the two models. In sTAB mice, robust ventricular fibrosis was readily detected, but myocardial collagen content was significantly reduced in caPKD mice. As expected, VT was readily inducible by programmed stimulation in sTAB mice and VT was less inducible in caPKD mice. Surprisingly, episodes of VT manifested longer cycle lengths and longer duration in caPKD mice. CONCLUSION Attenuated ventricular fibrosis is associated with reduced VT inducibility, increased VT duration, and significantly longer arrhythmia cycle length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Massare
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-8573, USA
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Kee HJ, Kook H. Roles and targets of class I and IIa histone deacetylases in cardiac hypertrophy. J Biomed Biotechnol 2011; 2011:928326. [PMID: 21151616 PMCID: PMC2997602 DOI: 10.1155/2011/928326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2010] [Accepted: 10/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy occurs in association with heart diseases and ultimately results in cardiac dysfunction and heart failure. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are post-translational modifying enzymes that can deacetylate histones and non-histone proteins. Research with HDAC inhibitors has provided evidence that the class I HDACs are pro-hypertrophic. Among the class I HDACs, HDAC2 is activated by hypertrophic stresses in association with the induction of heat shock protein 70. Activated HDAC2 triggers hypertrophy by inhibiting the signal cascades of either Krüppel like factor 4 (KLF4) or inositol polyphosphate-5-phosphatase f (Inpp5f). Thus, modulators of HDAC2 enzymes, such as selective HDAC inhibitors, are considered to be an important target for heart diseases, especially for preventing cardiac hypertrophy. In contrast, class IIa HDACs have been shown to repress cardiac hypertrophy by inhibiting cardiac-specific transcription factors such as myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2), GATA4, and NFAT in the heart. Studies of class IIa HDACs have shown that the underlying mechanism is regulated by nucleo-cytoplasm shuttling in response to a variety of stress signals. In this review, we focus on the class I and IIa HDACs that play critical roles in mediating cardiac hypertrophy and discuss the non-histone targets of HDACs in heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae Jin Kee
- 1Medical Research Center for Gene Regulation, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-746, Republic of Korea
- 2Heart Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju 501-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Kook
- 1Medical Research Center for Gene Regulation, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-746, Republic of Korea
- 2Heart Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju 501-757, Republic of Korea
- *Hyun Kook:
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Kou CYC, Lau SLY, Au KW, Leung PY, Chim SSC, Fung KP, Waye MMY, Tsui SKW. Epigenetic regulation of neonatal cardiomyocytes differentiation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 400:278-83. [PMID: 20735989 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.08.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2010] [Accepted: 08/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between DNA methylation, histone modifications and terminal differentiation in cardiomyocytes was investigated in this study. The upregulation of methylation-related proteins, including DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) 1, methyl-CpG binding domain proteins 1, 2 and 3, and the increase in global methylation during rat neonatal heart development were observed. Moreover, an increase in DNA synthesis and a delay in differentiation were found in 5-azacytidine (5-azaC)-treated cardiomyocytes. Increase in acetylation of H3-K9, H4-K5, H4-K8 and methylation of H3-K4 suggested a more accessible chromatin structure in 5-azaC-treated cells. Furthermore, methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 was found to be upregulated in differentiated cardiomyocytes. Overexpression of this protein resulted in an increase of global methylation levels. Therefore, we suggest that a hypermethylated genome and a more compact chromatin structure are formed during terminal differentiation of cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecy Ying-Chuck Kou
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Colussi C, Illi B, Rosati J, Spallotta F, Farsetti A, Grasselli A, Mai A, Capogrossi MC, Gaetano C. Histone deacetylase inhibitors: keeping momentum for neuromuscular and cardiovascular diseases treatment. Pharmacol Res 2010; 62:3-10. [PMID: 20227503 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2010.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2009] [Revised: 02/26/2010] [Accepted: 02/27/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are enzymes with a pleiotropic range of intracellular localizations and actions. They are principally involved in the withdrawal of acetyl-groups from a large number of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins including nuclear core histones as well as cytoskeletal proteins and metabolically relevant enzymes. Initial findings indicated that HDAC inhibitors (DIs) could be successfully applied in a variety of cancer treatment protocols as a consequence of their anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic properties. Recent observations, however, enlightened the important therapeutic effects of DIs in experimental animal models for arthritis, neurodegenerative and neuromuscular disorders, heart ischemia, cardiac hypertrophy, heart failure and arrhythmias. A small number of clinical trials are now open or planned for the near future to verify the therapeutic properties of DIs in non-cancer-related diseases. This review summarizes some of the most important observations and concepts aroused by the most recent experimental application of DIs to neuromuscular and cardiac diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Colussi
- Laboratorio di Biologia Vascolare e Medicina Rigenerativa, Istituto Cardiologico Monzino, Milan, Italy
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Gaikwad AB, Sayyed SG, Lichtnekert J, Tikoo K, Anders HJ. Renal failure increases cardiac histone h3 acetylation, dimethylation, and phosphorylation and the induction of cardiomyopathy-related genes in type 2 diabetes. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2010; 176:1079-83. [PMID: 20075197 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2010.090528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The combination of diabetes and renal failure is associated with accelerated cardiomyopathy, but the molecular mechanisms of how renal failure drives diabetic heart disease remain elusive. We speculated that the metabolic abnormalities of renal failure will affect the epigenetic control of cardiac gene transcription and sought to determine the histone H3 modification pattern in hearts of type 2 diabetic mice with several degrees of renal dysfunction. We studied the histone H3 modifications and gene expression in the heart of 6-month-old nondiabetic mice and type 2 diabetic db/db mice that underwent either sham surgery or uninephrectomy at 6 weeks of age, which accelerates glomerulosclerosis in db/db mice via glomerular hyperfiltration. Western blotting of hearts from uninephrectomized db/db mice with glomerulosclerosis, albuminuria, and reduced glomerular filtration rate revealed increased acetylation (K23 and 9), phosphorylation (Ser 10), dimethylation (K4), and reduced dimethylation of (K9) of cardiac histone H3 as compared with db/db mice with normal renal function or nondiabetic wild-type mice. This pattern suggests alterations in chromatin structure that favor gene transcription. In fact, hearts from uninephrectomized db/db mice revealed increased mRNA expression of multiple cardiomyopathy-related genes together with cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. These data suggest that renal failure alters cardiac histone H3 epigenetics, which foster cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Bhanudas Gaikwad
- Department of Nephrology, Medizinische Poliklinik, University of Munich, Munchen, Germany
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Bonfils C, Walkinshaw DR, Besterman JM, Yang XJ, Li Z. Pharmacological inhibition of histone deacetylases for the treatment of cancer, neurodegenerative disorders and inflammatory diseases. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2008; 3:1041-65. [DOI: 10.1517/17460441.3.9.1041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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