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Santos RP, Tovar AM, Oliveira MR, Piquet AA, Capillé NV, Oliveira SN, Correia AH, Farias JN, Vilanova E, Mourão PA. Pharmacokinetic, Hemostatic, and Anticancer Properties of a Low-Anticoagulant Bovine Heparin. TH OPEN 2022; 6:e114-e123. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1745743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractHeparin is a centennial anticoagulant drug broadly employed for treatment and prophylaxis of thromboembolic conditions. Although unfractionated heparin (UFH) has already been shown to have remarkable pharmacological potential for treating a variety of diseases unrelated with thromboembolism, including cancer, atherosclerosis, inflammation, and virus infections, its high anticoagulant potency makes the doses necessary to exert non-hemostatic effects unsafe due to an elevated bleeding risk. Our group recently developed a new low-anticoagulant bovine heparin (LABH) bearing the same disaccharide building blocks of the UFH gold standard sourced from porcine mucosa (HPI) but with anticoagulant potency approximately 85% lower (approximately 25 and 180 Heparin International Units [IU]/mg). In the present work, we investigated the pharmacokinetics profile, bleeding potential, and anticancer properties of LABH administered subcutaneous into mice. LABH showed pharmacokinetics profile similar to HPI but different from the low-molecular weight heparin (LMWH) enoxaparin and diminished bleeding potential, even at high doses. Subcutaneous treatment with LABH delays the early progression of Lewis lung carcinoma, improves survival, and brings beneficial health outcomes to the mice, without the advent of adverse effects (hemorrhage/mortality) seen in the animals treated with HPI. These results demonstrate that LABH is a promising candidate for prospecting new therapeutic uses for UFH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto P. Santos
- Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho and Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Laboratório de Tecido Conjuntivo, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho and Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana M.F. Tovar
- Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho and Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Laboratório de Tecido Conjuntivo, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho and Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcos R. Oliveira
- Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho and Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Laboratório de Tecido Conjuntivo, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho and Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Adriana A. Piquet
- Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho and Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Laboratório de Tecido Conjuntivo, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho and Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Nina V. Capillé
- Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho and Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Laboratório de Tecido Conjuntivo, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho and Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Stephan N.M.C.G. Oliveira
- Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho and Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Laboratório de Tecido Conjuntivo, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho and Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana H. Correia
- Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Serviço de Anatomia Patológica, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - José N. Farias
- Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Laboratório Multidisciplinar de Pesquisa, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Vilanova
- Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho and Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Laboratório de Tecido Conjuntivo, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho and Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paulo A.S. Mourão
- Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho and Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Laboratório de Tecido Conjuntivo, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho and Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Martin JR, Auran RL, Duran MD, de Comas AM, Jacofsky DJ. Management of Primary Aggressive Tumors of the Knee. J Knee Surg 2022; 35:585-596. [PMID: 35181876 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1743221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Primary bone sarcomas and aggressive benign bone tumors are relatively rare. It is essential to recognize features that are concerning for these aggressive tumors based on a patient's history, physical exam, and radiographs. Physicians and other health care providers should have a high suspicion for these tumors and promptly refer these patients to orthopaedic oncologists. A multidisciplinary, team-based approach is required to obtain an accurate diagnosis and provide comprehensive care. This review discussed the appropriate work-up, biopsy principles, relevant peri-operative medical management, and surgical treatment options for patients with aggressive primary bone tumors around the knee. Primary bone sarcomas (osteosarcoma and chondrosarcoma) and aggressive benign bone tumors (giant cell tumor, chondroblastoma, and chondromyxoid fibroma) that have a predilection to the distal femur and proximal tibia are the focus of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Martin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Richard L Auran
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Michael D Duran
- The Center for Orthopedic Research and Eduction (CORE) Institute, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Amalia M de Comas
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona.,The Center for Orthopedic Research and Eduction (CORE) Institute, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - David J Jacofsky
- The Center for Orthopedic Research and Eduction (CORE) Institute, Phoenix, Arizona
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Santos R, Tovar AM, Oliveira M, Piquet AA, Capille NVM, Oliveira SNM, Correia A, Farias J, Vilanova E, Mourão PA. Pharmacokinetic, hemostatic and anticancer properties of a low-anticoagulant bovine heparin. TH OPEN 2022. [PMID: 35707626 PMCID: PMC9135479 DOI: 10.1055/a-1750-1300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Heparin is a centennial anticoagulant drug broadly employed for treatment and prophylaxis of thromboembolic conditions. Although unfractionated heparin (UFH) has already been shown to have remarkable pharmacological potential for treating a variety of diseases unrelated with thromboembolism, including cancer, atherosclerosis, inflammation, and virus infections, its high anticoagulant potency makes the doses necessary to exert non-hemostatic effects unsafe due to an elevated bleeding risk. Our group recently developed a new low-anticoagulant bovine heparin (LABH) bearing the same disaccharide building blocks of the UFH gold standard sourced from porcine mucosa (HPI) but with anticoagulant potency approximately 85% lower (approximately 25 and 180 Heparin International Units [IU]/mg). In the present work, we investigated the pharmacokinetics profile, bleeding potential, and anticancer properties of LABH administered subcutaneous into mice. LABH showed pharmacokinetics profile similar to HPI but different from the low-molecular weight heparin (LMWH) enoxaparin and diminished bleeding potential, even at high doses. Subcutaneous treatment with LABH delays the early progression of Lewis lung carcinoma, improves survival, and brings beneficial health outcomes to the mice, without the advent of adverse effects (hemorrhage/mortality) seen in the animals treated with HPI. These results demonstrate that LABH is a promising candidate for prospecting new therapeutic uses for UFH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Santos
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana M.F. Tovar
- Instituto de Bioquimica Médica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcos Oliveira
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Adriana A. Piquet
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Nina VM Capille
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Correia
- HUCFF, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - José Farias
- HUCFF, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Vilanova
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paulo A.S. Mourão
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Sahebally SM, Healy D, Walsh SR. Aspirin in the primary prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism in surgical patients. Surgeon 2015; 13:348-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.surge.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Da Pozzo E, Barsotti MC, Bendinelli S, Martelli A, Calderone V, Balbarini A, Martini C, Di Stefano R. Differential effects of fondaparinux and bemiparin on angiogenic and vasculogenesis-like processes. Thromb Res 2012; 130:e113-22. [PMID: 22497885 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2012.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2012] [Revised: 02/14/2012] [Accepted: 03/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Conventional therapy for venous thromboembolism or acute coronary syndrome involves the administration of glycoanticoagulants (heparins) or oligosaccharides (fondaparinux). We evaluated the effects of such drugs on angiogenesis and vasculogenesis-like models. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human umbilical vein endothelial cells or human endothelial progenitor cells were treated with bemiparin, fondaparinux or unfractionated heparin, at concentrations reflecting the doses used in clinical practice. After 24h, cell viability, proliferation, tubule formation and angiogenic molecular mechanisms, such as activation of the serine/threonine kinase AKT, were assessed. In vivo angiogenesis was studied using a Matrigel sponge assay in mice. RESULTS Bemiparin gave a significant decrease of in vitro angiogenesis as shown by the reduction of endothelial cell tubule network, while both fondaparinux and unfractionated heparin did not show any significant effect. In assays of Matrigel sponge invasion in mice, unfractionated heparin was able to stimulate angiogenesis and, conversely, bemiparin inhibited angiogenesis. Furthermore, both bemiparin and fondaparinux caused a significant reduction in an in vitro vasculogenesis-like model, as demonstrated by the decrease of tubule network after co-seeding of endothelial progenitor cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells. In addition, unfractionated heparin but not bemiparin was able to increase AKT phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS In in vitro experiments, bemiparin was the only drug to show an anti-angiogenic and vasculogenic-like effect, unfractionated heparin showed only a trend to increase in angiogenesis assay and fondaparinux affected only the vasculogenesis-like model. Notably, the in vivo experiments corroborated these data. Such results are important for the choice of a patient-tailored therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Da Pozzo
- Department of Psychiatry, Neurobiology, Pharmacology and Biotechnology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
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Patel AR, Crist MK, Nemitz J, Mayerson JL. Aspirin and compression devices versus low-molecular-weight heparin and PCD for VTE prophylaxis in orthopedic oncology patients. J Surg Oncol 2010; 102:276-81. [DOI: 10.1002/jso.21603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Bility MT, Devlin-Durante MK, Blazanin N, Glick AB, Ward JM, Kang BH, Kennett MJ, Gonzalez FJ, Peters JM. Ligand activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor beta/delta (PPAR beta/delta) inhibits chemically induced skin tumorigenesis. Carcinogenesis 2008; 29:2406-14. [PMID: 18799709 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgn219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)beta/delta-null mice exhibit enhanced tumorigenesis in a two-stage chemical carcinogenesis model as compared with wild-type mice. Previous work showed that ligand activation of PPARbeta/delta induces terminal differentiation and inhibits proliferation of primary keratinocytes, and this effect does not occur in the absence of PPARbeta/delta expression. In the present studies, the effect of ligand activation of PPARbeta/delta on skin tumorigenesis was examined using both in vivo and ex vivo skin carcinogenesis models. Inhibition of chemically induced skin tumorigenesis was observed in wild-type mice administered GW0742, and this effect was likely the result of ligand-induced terminal differentiation and inhibition of replicative DNA synthesis. These effects were not found in similarly treated PPARbeta/delta-null mice. Ligand activation of PPARbeta/delta also inhibited cell proliferation and induced terminal differentiation in initiated/neoplastic keratinocyte cell lines representing different stages of skin carcinogenesis. These studies suggest that topical administration of PPARbeta/delta ligands may be useful as both a chemopreventive and/or a chemotherapeutic approach to inhibit skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moses T Bility
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences and the Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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Role of peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor beta/delta (PPARbeta/delta) in gastrointestinal tract function and disease. Clin Sci (Lond) 2008; 115:107-27. [PMID: 18616431 DOI: 10.1042/cs20080022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PPARbeta/delta (peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor beta/delta) is one of three PPARs in the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily that are collectively involved in the control of lipid homoeostasis among other functions. PPARbeta/delta not only acts as a ligand-activated transcription factor, but also affects signal transduction by interacting with other transcription factors such as NF-kappaB (nuclear factor kappaB). Constitutive expression of PPARbeta/delta in the gastrointestinal tract is very high compared with other tissues and its potential physiological roles in this tissue include homoeostatic regulation of intestinal cell proliferation/differentiation and modulation of inflammation associated with inflammatory bowel disease and colon cancer. Analysis of mouse epithelial cells in the intestine and colon has clearly demonstrated that ligand activation of PPARbeta/delta induces terminal differentiation. The PPARbeta/delta target genes mediating this effect are currently unknown. Emerging evidence suggests that PPARbeta/delta can suppress inflammatory bowel disease through PPARbeta/delta-dependent and ligand-independent down-regulation of inflammatory signalling. However, the role of PPARbeta/delta in colon carcinogenesis remains controversial, as conflicting evidence suggests that ligand activation of PPARbeta/delta can either potentiate or attenuate this disease. In the present review, we summarize the role of PPARbeta/delta in gastrointestinal physiology and disease with an emphasis on findings in experimental models using both high-affinity ligands and null-mouse models.
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Harris EN, Weigel JA, Weigel PH. The human hyaluronan receptor for endocytosis (HARE/Stabilin-2) is a systemic clearance receptor for heparin. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:17341-50. [PMID: 18434317 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m710360200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The hyaluronic acid receptor for endocytosis (HARE; also designated Stabilin-2) mediates systemic clearance of hyaluronan and chondroitin sulfates from the vascular and lymphatic circulations. The internalized glycosaminoglycans are degraded in lysosomes, thus completing their normal turnover process. Sinusoidal endothelial cells of human liver, lymph node, and spleen express two HARE isoforms of 315 and 190 kDa. Here we report that the 190- and 315-kDa HARE isoforms, expressed stably either in Flp-In 293 cell lines or as soluble ectodomains, specifically bind heparin (Hep). The K(d) for Hep binding to purified 190- and 315-kDa HARE ectodomains was 17.2 +/- 4.9 and 23.4 +/- 5.3 nm, respectively. Cells expressing HARE readily and specifically internalized (125)I-streptavidin-biotin-Hep complexes, which was inhibited >70% by hyperosmolar conditions, confirming that uptake is mediated by the clathrin-coated pit pathway. Internalization of Hep occurred for many hours with an estimated HARE recycling time of approximately 12 min. Internalized fluorescent streptavidin-biotin-Hep was present in a typical endocytic vesicular pattern and was delivered to lysosomes. We conclude that HARE in the sinusoidal endothelial cells of lymph nodes and liver likely mediates the efficient systemic clearance of Hep and many different Hep-binding protein complexes from the lymphatic and vascular circulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward N Harris
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and The Oklahoma Center for Medical Glycobiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73190, USA
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