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Zhao L, Hu S, Davila ML, Yang J, Lin YD, Albanese JM, Lo Y, Wang Y, Kennett MJ, Liu Q, Xiong N. Coordinated co-migration of CCR10 + antibody-producing B cells with helper T cells for colonic homeostatic regulation. Mucosal Immunol 2021; 14:420-430. [PMID: 32773769 PMCID: PMC7870723 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-020-0333-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In the intestine, IgA antibody-secreting B cells (IgA-ASCs) and helper T cells coordinate to maintain local homeostasis while their dysregulation could lead to development of intestinal inflammatory diseases. However, mechanisms underlying the coordinated localization and function of the B and T cells into the intestine, particularly the colon, are poorly understood. We herein report the first evidence that the gut-homing chemokine receptor CCR10+ IgA-ASCs form conjugates with helper T cells, preferentially regulatory T cells, at their differentiation sites of gut-associated lymphoid organs for their coordinated co-localization into the colon to promote local homeostasis. In CCR10-knockout mice, defective migration of IgA-ASCs also resulted in defective T-cell migration and homeostasis, and development of inflammatory symptoms in the colon. Antigen-specific interaction of CCR10+ IgA-ASCs and T cells is crucial for their homeostatic establishment in the colon. On the other hand, in IgA-knockout mice, preferential expansion of CCR10+ IgG1-ASCs with regulatory functions compensated for CCR10+ IgA-ASCs to help maintain colonic homeostasis. The preferential expansion of specific subclasses of CCR10+ IgG-ASCs with regulatory functions was also found in asymptomatic IgA-deficient patients. These findings suggest coordinated cell migration as a novel mechanism underlying localization and function of B and T cells in colonic homeostatic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luming Zhao
- Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, 115 Henning Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Shaomin Hu
- Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, 115 Henning Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA.,Department of Pathology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 111 East 210th Street, Bronx, NY 10467, USA,Current address: Department of Pathology, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | - Micha L. Davila
- Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, 115 Henning Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Jie Yang
- Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, 115 Henning Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA.,Current address: Precision for Medicine-Houston Site, 2575 West Bellfort, Suite 190, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Yang-Ding Lin
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Joseph M. Albanese
- Department of Pathology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 111 East 210th Street, Bronx, NY 10467, USA
| | - Yungtai Lo
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Yanhua Wang
- Department of Pathology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 111 East 210th Street, Bronx, NY 10467, USA
| | - Mary J. Kennett
- Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, 115 Henning Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Qiang Liu
- Department of Pathology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 111 East 210th Street, Bronx, NY 10467, USA
| | - Na Xiong
- Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, 115 Henning Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA,Department of Medicine-Division of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.,Correspondence to: Na Xiong, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229. ; Tel: 2104505362
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Kraemer WJ, Caldwell LK, Post EM, Beeler MK, Dickerson RM, Kennett MJ, Volek JS, Maresh CM, Hymer WC. Recovery using "float" from high intensity stress on growth hormone-like molecules in resistance trained men. Growth Horm IGF Res 2020; 55:101355. [PMID: 33032163 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2020.101355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of a novel "floatation-restricted environmental stimulation therapy" (floatation-REST) on growth hormone responses to an intense resistance exercise stress. DESIGN Nine resistance trained men (age: 23.4 ± 2.5 yrs.; height: 175.3 ± 5.4 cm; body mass: 85.3 ± 7.9 kg) completed a balanced, crossover-controlled study design with two identical exercise trials, differing only in post-exercise recovery intervention (i.e., control or floatation-REST). A two-week washout period was used between experimental conditions. Plasma lactate was measured pre-exercise, immediately post-exercise and after the 1 h. recovery interventions. Plasma iGH was measured pre-exercise, immediately-post exercise, and after the recovery intervention, as well as 24 h and 48 h after the exercise test. The bGH-L was measured only at pre-exercise and following each recovery intervention. RESULTS For both experimental conditions, a significant (P ≤ 0.05) increase in lactate concentrations were observed immediately post-exercise (~14 mmol • L-1) and remained slightly elevated after the recovery condition. The same pattern of responses was observed for iGH with no differences from resting values at 24 and 48 h of recovery. The bGH-L showed no exercise-induced changes following recovery with either treatment condition, however concentration values were dramatically lower than ever reported. CONCLUSION The use of floatation-REST therapy immediately following intense resistance exercise does not appear to influence anterior pituitary function in highly resistance trained men. However, the lower values of bGH suggest dramatically different molecular processing mechanisms at work in this highly trained population.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Kraemer
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States of America.
| | - Lydia K Caldwell
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States of America
| | - Emily M Post
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States of America
| | - Matthew K Beeler
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States of America
| | - Ryan M Dickerson
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States of America
| | - Mary J Kennett
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States of America
| | - Jeff S Volek
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States of America
| | - Carl M Maresh
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States of America
| | - Wesley C Hymer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States of America
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3
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Snyder LM, Arora J, Kennett MJ, Weaver V, Cantorna MT. Retinoid Signaling in Intestinal Epithelial Cells Is Essential for Early Survival From Gastrointestinal Infection. Front Immunol 2020; 11:559635. [PMID: 33117344 PMCID: PMC7578243 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.559635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin A deficiency (A–) increases morbidity and mortality to gastrointestinal (GI) infection. Blocking retinoid signaling (dominant negative retinoic acid receptor, dnRAR) in intestinal epithelial cells (IEC, IECdnRAR) had no effect on vitamin A absorption, the expression of tight junction proteins or the integrity of the barrier. Immune cells in the gut were present in normal frequencies in the IECdnRAR mice, with the exception of the T cell receptor (TCR)αβ+/CD8αα cells, which were significantly lower than in wildtype littermates. Challenging the IECdnRAR mice with dextran sodium sulfate to induce colitis or Citrobacter rodentium infection resulted in similar disease to wildtype littermates. Feeding mice vitamin A deficient diets reduced vitamin A status and the A– IECdnRAR mice developed more severe colitis and C. rodentium infection. In particular, retinoid signaling in the IEC was crucial for the A– host to survive early infection following C. rodentium. Treating A– mice with retinoic acid (RA) beginning on the day of infection protects most mice from early lethality. However, RA treatment of the A– IECdnRAR mice was ineffective for preventing lethality following C. rodentium infection. Retionid signaling in IEC is critical, especially when there are reduced levels of dietary vitamin A. IEC are direct targets of vitamin A for mounting early defense against infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay M Snyder
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States.,Center for Evolutionary & Theoretical Immunology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Juhi Arora
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Mary J Kennett
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Veronika Weaver
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Margherita T Cantorna
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
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4
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Hymer WC, Kennett MJ, Maji SK, Gosselink KL, McCall GE, Grindeland RE, Post EM, Kraemer WJ. Bioactive growth hormone in humans: Controversies, complexities and concepts. Growth Horm IGF Res 2020; 50:9-22. [PMID: 31809882 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2019.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To revisit a finding, first described in 1978, which documented existence of a pituitary growth factor that escaped detection by immunoassay, but which was active in the established rat tibia GH bioassay. METHODS We present a narrative review of the evolution of growth hormone complexity, and its bio-detectability, from a historical perspective. RESULTS In humans under the age of 60, physical training (i.e. aerobic endurance and resistance training) are stressors which preferentially stimulate release of bioactive GH (bGH) into the blood. Neuroanatomical studies indicate a) that nerve fibers directly innervate the human anterior pituitary and b) that hind limb muscle afferents, in both humans and rats, also modulate plasma bGH. In the pituitary gland itself, molecular variants of GH, somatotroph heterogeneity and cell plasticity all appear to play a role in regulation of this growth factor. CONCLUSION This review considers more recent findings on this often forgotten/neglected subject. Comparison testing of a) human plasma samples, b) sub-populations of separated rat pituitary somatotrophs or c) purified human pituitary peptides by GH bioassay vs immunoassay consistently yield conflicting results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley C Hymer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States of America
| | - Mary J Kennett
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States of America
| | - Samir K Maji
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 4000076, India
| | - Kristin L Gosselink
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, Burrell College of Osteopathic Medicine, Las Cruces, NM 88001, United States of America
| | - Gary E McCall
- Department of Exercise Science Exercise and Neuroscience Program, University of Puget Sound, Tacoma, WA 98416, United States of America
| | - Richard E Grindeland
- Life Science Division, NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States of America
| | - Emily M Post
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, United States of America
| | - William J Kraemer
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, United States of America.
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5
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Singh V, Yeoh BS, Chassaing B, Xiao X, Saha P, Aguilera Olvera R, Lapek JD, Zhang L, Wang WB, Hao S, Flythe MD, Gonzalez DJ, Cani PD, Conejo-Garcia JR, Xiong N, Kennett MJ, Joe B, Patterson AD, Gewirtz AT, Vijay-Kumar M. Dysregulated Microbial Fermentation of Soluble Fiber Induces Cholestatic Liver Cancer. Cell 2019; 175:679-694.e22. [PMID: 30340040 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 296] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Revised: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Dietary soluble fibers are fermented by gut bacteria into short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), which are considered broadly health-promoting. Accordingly, consumption of such fibers ameliorates metabolic syndrome. However, incorporating soluble fiber inulin, but not insoluble fiber, into a compositionally defined diet, induced icteric hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Such HCC was microbiota-dependent and observed in multiple strains of dysbiotic mice but not in germ-free nor antibiotics-treated mice. Furthermore, consumption of an inulin-enriched high-fat diet induced both dysbiosis and HCC in wild-type (WT) mice. Inulin-induced HCC progressed via early onset of cholestasis, hepatocyte death, followed by neutrophilic inflammation in liver. Pharmacologic inhibition of fermentation or depletion of fermenting bacteria markedly reduced intestinal SCFA and prevented HCC. Intervening with cholestyramine to prevent reabsorption of bile acids also conferred protection against such HCC. Thus, its benefits notwithstanding, enrichment of foods with fermentable fiber should be approached with great caution as it may increase risk of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Singh
- UT-Microbiome Consortium, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Beng San Yeoh
- Graduate Program in Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16802, USA
| | - Benoit Chassaing
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Xia Xiao
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16802, USA
| | - Piu Saha
- UT-Microbiome Consortium, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Rodrigo Aguilera Olvera
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16802, USA
| | - John D Lapek
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Limin Zhang
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16802, USA; CAS and State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei-Bei Wang
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16802, USA
| | - Sijie Hao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16802, USA
| | - Michael D Flythe
- USDA-Agriculture Research Service, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
| | - David J Gonzalez
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Patrice D Cani
- WELBIO (Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology), Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Na Xiong
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16802, USA
| | - Mary J Kennett
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16802, USA
| | - Bina Joe
- UT-Microbiome Consortium, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Andrew D Patterson
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16802, USA
| | - Andrew T Gewirtz
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Matam Vijay-Kumar
- UT-Microbiome Consortium, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA.
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6
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Snyder LM, McDaniel KL, Tian Y, Wei CH, Kennett MJ, Patterson AD, Ross AC, Cantorna MT. Retinoic Acid Mediated Clearance of Citrobacter rodentium in Vitamin A Deficient Mice Requires CD11b+ and T Cells. Front Immunol 2019; 9:3090. [PMID: 30671060 PMCID: PMC6331472 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.03090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin A deficiency affects over 250 million preschool-age children worldwide and is associated with increased childhood mortality and risk of developing enteric infections. Vitamin A deficient (A-) mice developed chronic Citrobacter rodentium infection. A single oral dose of retinoic acid (RA) at d7 post-infection was sufficient to induce clearance of the pathogen in A- mice. RA treatment of A- mice induced il17 expression in the colon. In A- mice, colonic IL-17 was primarily produced by CD11b+ cells; however, in A+ mice, the major source of colonic IL-17 was CD4+ T cells. To determine the cellular targets of vitamin A required for host resistance to C. rodentium, mice that express a dominant negative (dn) retinoic acid receptor (RAR) in T cells (T-dnRAR) or macrophage/neutrophils (LysM-dnRAR) were used. T-dnRAR mice had T cells that produced a robust intestinal IL-17 response and for 40% of the mice was enough to clear the infection. The remainder of the T-dnRAR mice developed a chronic infection. A- LysM-dnRAR mice developed early lethal infections with surviving mice becoming chronically infected. RA treatment of A- LysM-dnRAR mice was ineffective for inducing colonic IL-17 or clearing C. rodentium. Retinoid signaling is required in T cells and CD11b+ cells for complete elimination of enteric pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay M Snyder
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Kaitlin L McDaniel
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Yuan Tian
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States.,CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Cheng-Hsin Wei
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Mary J Kennett
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Andrew D Patterson
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - A Catharine Ross
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Margherita T Cantorna
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
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7
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Liao C, Hardison RC, Kennett MJ, Carlson BA, Paulson RF, Prabhu KS. Selenoproteins regulate stress erythroid progenitors and spleen microenvironment during stress erythropoiesis. Blood 2018; 131:2568-2580. [PMID: 29615406 PMCID: PMC5992864 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-08-800607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Micronutrient selenium (Se) plays a key role in redox regulation through its incorporation into selenoproteins as the 21st amino acid selenocysteine (Sec). Because Se deficiency appears to be a cofactor in the anemia associated with chronic inflammatory diseases, we reasoned that selenoproteins may contribute to erythropoietic recovery from anemia, referred to as stress erythropoiesis. Here, we report that loss of selenoproteins through Se deficiency or by mutation of the Sec tRNA (tRNA[Sec]) gene (Trsp) severely impairs stress erythropoiesis at 2 stages. Early stress erythroid progenitors failed to expand and properly differentiate into burst-forming unit-erythroid cells , whereas late-stage erythroid progenitors exhibited a maturation defect that affected the transition of proerythroblasts to basophilic erythroblasts. These defects were, in part, a result of the loss of selenoprotein W (SelenoW), whose expression was reduced at both transcript and protein levels in Se-deficient erythroblasts. Mutation of SelenoW in the bone marrow cells significantly decreased the expansion of stress burst-forming unit-erythroid cell colonies, which recapitulated the phenotypes induced by Se deficiency or mutation of Trsp Similarly, mutation of SelenoW in murine erythroblast (G1E) cell line led to defects in terminal differentiation. In addition to the erythroid defects, the spleens of Se-deficient mice contained fewer red pulp macrophages and exhibited impaired development of erythroblastic island macrophages, which make up the niche supporting erythroblast development. Taken together, these data reveal a critical role of selenoproteins in the expansion and development of stress erythroid progenitors, as well as the erythroid niche during acute anemia recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liao
- Pathobiology Program
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, and
| | - Ross C Hardison
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA; and
| | | | - Bradley A Carlson
- Molecular Biology of Selenium Section, Mouse Genetics Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Robert F Paulson
- Pathobiology Program
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, and
| | - K Sandeep Prabhu
- Pathobiology Program
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, and
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8
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Werner JR, Murray WB, Kennett MJ, Jenkins DM, Liszka E, Hughes EL. Effects of Human Electro-Muscular Incapacitation (HEMI) Devices on Cardiovascular Changes in Anesthetized Swine as Measured by Transesophageal Echocardiography (TEE). J Forensic Sci 2018; 64:446-453. [PMID: 29758093 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.13814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The abundance of, and reliance upon, human electro-muscular incapacitation (HEMI) devices, especially in law enforcement, has generated scrutiny and examination of these technologies. The purpose of this study was to examine cardiovascular effects resulting from typical (5 sec) and longer activation (20 sec) HEMI applications studying myocardial function and peripheral vascular system using a combination of invasive cardiovascular catheters and transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). Six healthy swine (Sus scrofa) 3-5 months in age and weighing between 60 and 86 kg were anesthetized and exposed to the TASER Model X26 waveform while transesophageal echocardiography was performed. Stroke volume was shown to statistically decrease during HEMI application indicating an increase in systemic vascular resistance, but HEMI application did not result in myocardial dysfunction ("cardiac stunning").
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob R Werner
- Animal Resource Program, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
| | - W Bosseau Murray
- The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine at Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA
| | - Mary J Kennett
- Animal Resource Program, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
| | - David M Jenkins
- Applied Research Lab, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA
| | - Edward Liszka
- The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine at Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA
| | - Edward L Hughes
- Applied Research Lab, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA
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Bora SA, Kennett MJ, Smith PB, Patterson AD, Cantorna MT. The Gut Microbiota Regulates Endocrine Vitamin D Metabolism through Fibroblast Growth Factor 23. Front Immunol 2018; 9:408. [PMID: 29599772 PMCID: PMC5863497 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine the effect of the microbiota on vitamin D metabolism, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D(25D), 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (24,25D), and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25D) were measured in germ-free (GF) mice before and after conventionalization (CN). GF mice had low levels of 25D, 24,25D, and 1,25D and were hypocalcemic. CN of the GF mice with microbiota, for 2 weeks recovered 25D, 24,25D, and 1,25D levels. Females had more 25D and 24,25D than males both as GF mice and after CN. Introducing a limited number of commensals (eight commensals) increased 25D and 24,25D to the same extent as CN. Monocolonization with the enteric pathogen Citrobacter rodentium increased 25D and 24,25D, but the values only increased after 4 weeks of C. rodentium colonization when inflammation resolved. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 23 was extremely high in GF mice. CN resulted in an increase in TNF-α expression in the colon 2 days after CN that coincided with a reduction in FGF23 by 3 days that eventually normalized 25D, 24,25D, 1,25D at 1-week post-CN and reinstated calcium homeostasis. Neutralization of FGF23 in GF mice raised 1,25D, without CN, demonstrating that the high FGF23 levels were responsible for the low calcium and 1,25D in GF mice. The microbiota induce inflammation in the GF mice that inhibits FGF23 to eventually reinstate homeostasis that includes increased 25D, 24,25D, and 1,25D levels. The microbiota through FGF23 regulates vitamin D metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A Bora
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States.,The Huck Institutes of Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Mary J Kennett
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Philip B Smith
- The Huck Institutes of Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States.,Eberly College of Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Andrew D Patterson
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States.,The Huck Institutes of Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States.,Eberly College of Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Margherita T Cantorna
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States.,The Huck Institutes of Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
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10
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Bora SA, Kennett MJ, Smith PB, Patterson AD, Cantorna MT. Regulation of vitamin D metabolism following disruption of the microbiota using broad spectrum antibiotics. J Nutr Biochem 2018; 56:65-73. [PMID: 29459310 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D, 25hydroxyvitamin D (25D), and 24,25dihydroxyvitamin D (24,25D) were measured before and after broad spectrum antibiotic (Abx) treatment for 2 wks. Abx treatments increased 25D and 24,25D levels suggesting that the microbiota or Abx were altering vitamin D metabolism. Increased 25D, but not 24,25D, following Abx treatments were found to be dependent on toll like receptor signaling. Conversely, the effects of Abx on 24,25D levels required that the vitamin D receptor (VDR) be expressed in tissues outside of the hematopoietic system (kidney) and not the immune system. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF)23 increased following Abx treatment and the effect of Abx treatment on FGF23 (like the effect on 24,25D) was not present in VDR knockout (KO) mice. The Abx mediated increase in 24,25D was due to changes to the endocrine regulation of vitamin D metabolism. Conversely, 25D levels went up with Abx treatment of the VDR KO mice. Host sensing of microbial signals regulates the levels of 25D in the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A Bora
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Mary J Kennett
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Philip B Smith
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; Eberly College of Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Andrew D Patterson
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Margherita T Cantorna
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
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11
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James KD, Kennett MJ, Lambert JD. Potential role of the mitochondria as a target for the hepatotoxic effects of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate in mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 111:302-309. [PMID: 29175576 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Green tea and (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) have been studied for their obesity-related health effects. Many green tea extract (GTE)-based dietary supplements are commercially-available. Although green tea beverage has a long history of safe use, a growing number of case-reports have linked GTE-based supplements to incidents of hepatotoxicity. Animal studies support the hepatotoxic potential of GTE and EGCG, but the mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we examined the hepatotoxic effects of EGCG in C57BL/6J mice and evaluated changes in hepatic antioxidant response and mitochondria structure and function. Intragastric dosing with EGCG (500 - 750 mg/kg) once daily for 3 d caused hepatic inflammation, necrosis, and hemorrhage. Hepatotoxicity was associated with increased oxidative stress and decreased superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase levels. Real-time PCR and transmission electron microscopy showed decreased hepatic mitochondria copy number in EGCG-treated mice. The mRNA levels of marker genes of respiratory complex I and III, sirtuin 3, forkhead box O3a, and peroxisome-EGCG-treated mice. Sirtuin 3 protein levels were also decreased by EGCG. Our data indicate the mitochondria may be a target for EGCG, and that inhibition of mitochondria function/antioxidant response may be important for the hepatotoxicity of bolus EGCG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karma D James
- Department of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States
| | - Mary J Kennett
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States
| | - Joshua D Lambert
- Department of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States; Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States.
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12
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Hubbard TD, Murray IA, Nichols RG, Cassel K, Podolsky M, Kuzu G, Tian Y, Smith P, Kennett MJ, Patterson AD, Perdew GH. Dietary Broccoli Impacts Microbial Community Structure and Attenuates Chemically Induced Colitis in Mice in an Ah receptor dependent manner. J Funct Foods 2017; 37:685-698. [PMID: 29242716 PMCID: PMC5726276 DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Consumption of broccoli mediates numerous chemo-protective benefits through the intake of phytochemicals, some of which modulate aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) activity. Whether AHR activation is a critical aspect of the therapeutic potential of dietary broccoli is not known. Here we administered isocaloric diets, with or without supplementation of whole broccoli (15% w/w), to congenic mice expressing the high-affinity Ahrb/b or low-affinity Ahrd/d alleles, for 24 days and examined the effects on AHR activity, intestinal microbial community structure, inflammatory status, and response to chemically induced colitis. Cecal microbial community structure and metabolic potential were segregated according to host dietary and AHR status. Dietary broccoli associated with heightened intestinal AHR activity, decreased microbial abundance of the family Erysipelotrichaceae, and attenuation of colitis. In summary, broccoli consumption elicited an enhanced response in ligand-sensitive Ahrb/b mice, demonstrating that in part the beneficial aspects of dietary broccoli upon intestinal health are associated with heightened AHR activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Troy D. Hubbard
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences and The Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Iain A. Murray
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences and The Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Robert G. Nichols
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences and The Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Kaitlyn Cassel
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences and The Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Michael Podolsky
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences and The Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Guray Kuzu
- Center for Eukaryotic Gene Regulation, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Yuan Tian
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences and The Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Phillip Smith
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Mary J. Kennett
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences and The Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Andrew D. Patterson
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences and The Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Gary H. Perdew
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences and The Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
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13
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Kraemer WJ, Kennett MJ, Mastro AM, McCarter RJ, Rogers CJ, DuPont WH, Flanagan SD, Turbitt WJ, Fragala MS, Post EM, Hymer WC. Bioactive growth hormone in older men and women: It's relationship to immune markers and healthspan. Growth Horm IGF Res 2017; 34:45-54. [PMID: 28551577 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The consequences of age-related decline in the somatotropic axis of humans are complex and remain largely unresolved. We tested the hypothesis that hGH measurements of plasma by bioassay vs immunoassay from samples obtained from free-living, elderly individuals would reveal a dichotomy in GH activities that are correlated with the functional status of the donors, i.e. their healthspan. DESIGN Forty-one men and women of advanced age (men: N=16, age, 80.5±6.5years; height, 173.1±6.9cm; body mass, 81.8±13.0kg) and (women: N=25, age, 80.7±7.2years; height, 157.7±6.0cm; body mass, 68.8±17kg), were recruited for a cross-sectional study. Participants filled out PROMIS (Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services) scales, undertook physical performance tests and had fasted blood samples obtained at rest for measurement of hormonal and immunology biomarkers. RESULTS When measured by the well-established rat tibial line GH bioassay, one half of the plasma samples (n=20) contained bioassayable GH (bGH), but the other half (n=21) failed to mount increases in tibial plate width above saline injected controls. This difference did not correlate with the age, sex or physical functionality of the plasma donor. It also did not correlate with hGH concentrations measured by immunoassay. In those cases in which bGH was detected, various hierarchical regression models predicted that GHRH, c-peptide, VEGF, NPY, IL-4 and T-regulatory lymphocytes were associated with the difference and predicted bGH. CONCLUSION Results from this study suggest that the actions of bGH at the cellular level may be modified by other factors and that this may explain the lack of correlations observed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Kraemer
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States.
| | - Mary J Kennett
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States
| | - Andrea M Mastro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States
| | - Roger J McCarter
- Department of Behavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States
| | - Connie J Rogers
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States
| | - William H DuPont
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Shawn D Flanagan
- Neuromuscular Research Laboratory/Warrior Human Performance Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15203, United States
| | - William J Turbitt
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States
| | | | - Emily M Post
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Wesley C Hymer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States
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14
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SAHA PIU, Chassaing B, Yeoh BS, Viennois E, Xiao X, Singh V, Kennett MJ, VIJAY-KUMAR MATAM. Ectopic expression of innate immune protein Lipocalin-2 in probiotic Lactococcus lactis protects against environmental and gut inflammatory stressors. The Journal of Immunology 2017. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.198.supp.218.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Overexpression of lipocalin-2 (Lcn2), an acute phase protein, has been demonstrated to enhance cellular resistance to oxidative stress in various mammalian cell lines, in addition to mediating anti-bacterial effects by sequestering bacterial siderophores (iron chelators). To investigate whether Lcn2 could be exploited to augment the stability and efficacy of probiotic bacteria, we have engineered the recombinant Lactococcus lactis (MG1363) that expresses the murine Lcn2 (LactisLcn2) and the empty plasmid (LactisCon). The expression of Lcn2 did not impair the growth of LactisLcn2, especially since L. lactis do not require iron for its growth. In contrast, the L. Lactis-derived Lcn2 was effective in mitigating the bioactivity of enterobactin (E. coli-derived siderophore) and inhibited the growth of E. coli in vitro. The sequestration of iron in LactisLcn2 could, in part, explain its ability to inhibit the iron-dependent growth of E. coli. Moreover, the Lcn2 expression also augments the capacity of LactisLcn2 to withstand various environmental stressors in vitro, including extreme pH, toxicity of bile salts, H2O2-, and myeloperoxidase-mediated bacterial killing. When administered into mice with DSS-induced acute colitis, LactisLcn2 was observed to survive better in the inflamed gut and provide superior mucoprotection against intestinal inflammation when compared with LactisCon. Overall, our findings suggest that Lcn2 expression can be exploited to augment the iron-scavenging capability and survivability of probiotic bacteria against adverse conditions, which could further enhance their efficacy to treat inflammatory bowel diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- PIU SAHA
- 1Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University
| | - Benoit Chassaing
- 2Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University
| | - Beng San Yeoh
- 1Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University
| | - Emilie Viennois
- 2Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University
| | - Xia Xiao
- 1Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University
| | - Vishal Singh
- 1Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University
| | - Mary J Kennett
- 3Departments of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University
| | - MATAM VIJAY-KUMAR
- 1Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University
- 4Department of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University Medical Center, Hershey
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15
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Yeoh BS, Saha P, Singh V, Xiao X, Ying Y, Vanamala JK, Kennett MJ, Harvatine KJ, Joe B, Vijay-Kumar M. Deficiency of stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 aggravates colitogenic potential of adoptively transferred effector T cells. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2016; 311:G713-G723. [PMID: 27609767 PMCID: PMC5142196 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00174.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1) is a lipogenic enzyme involved in the de novo biosynthesis of oleate (C18:1, n9), a major fatty acid in the phospholipids of lipid bilayers of cell membranes. Accordingly, Scd1KO mice display substantially reduced oleate in cell membranes. An altered SCD1 level was observed during intestinal inflammation; however, its role in modulating inflammatory bowel disease remains elusive. Herein, we investigated the colitogenic capacity of Scd1KO effector T cells by employing the adoptive T-cell transfer colitis model. Splenic effector T cells (CD4+CD25-) from age- and sex-matched wild-type (WT) and Scd1KO mice were isolated by FACS and intraperitoneally administered to Rag1KO mice, which were monitored for the development of colitis. At day 60 postcell transfer, Rag1KO mice that received Scd1KO CD4+CD25- T cells displayed accelerated and exacerbated colitis than mice receiving WT CD4+CD25- T cells. Intriguingly, Scd1KO CD4+CD25- T cells display augmented inflammatory cytokine profile and cellular membrane fluidity with a concomitant increase in proinflammatory saturated fatty acids, which we postulate to potentially underlie their augmented colitogenic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beng San Yeoh
- 1Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania;
| | - Piu Saha
- 1Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania;
| | - Vishal Singh
- 1Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania;
| | - Xia Xiao
- 1Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania;
| | - Yun Ying
- 2Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania;
| | - Jairam K. Vanamala
- 3Department of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania;
| | - Mary J. Kennett
- 4Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania;
| | - Kevin J. Harvatine
- 2Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania;
| | - Bina Joe
- 5Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio; and
| | - Matam Vijay-Kumar
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania; .,Department of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania
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16
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Yu S, Allen JN, Dey A, Zhang L, Balandaram G, Kennett MJ, Xia M, Xiong N, Peters JM, Patterson A, Hankey-Giblin PA. The Ron Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Regulates Macrophage Heterogeneity and Plays a Protective Role in Diet-Induced Obesity, Atherosclerosis, and Hepatosteatosis. J I 2016; 197:256-65. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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17
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Yeoh BS, Olvera RA, Singh V, Xiao X, Kennett MJ, Joe B, Lambert JD, Vijay-Kumar M. Innate immune protein lipocalin-2 and iron mitigate EGCG-mediated inhibition of myeloperoxidase. The Journal of Immunology 2016. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.196.supp.207.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Green tea (Camellia sinensis, Theaceae) contains a plethora of antioxidant polyphenols that may promote health. Amongst these polyphenols, the (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is extensively studied for its potential therapeutic properties in models of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), although its molecular mechanism is not completely understood. Here, we demonstrate that EGCG can inhibit the activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO; a pro-oxidant neutrophil enzyme associated with IBD flares) in a dose-dependent manner in vitro. By using spectral analysis, we show that EGCG prevents the MPO-catalyzed reaction by reverting the reactive peroxidase heme back to its native inactive ferric state. Oral administration of EGCG to dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitic mice significantly reduced the colonic MPO activity and alleviated pro-inflammatory mediators associated with gut inflammation, confirming that our findings extend to in vivo conditions as well. In light of previous reports that EGCG can complex with innate immune protein lipocalin-2 and iron, we next tested whether these factors can affect the bioactivity of EGCG. Intriguingly, the presence of lipocalin-2 or iron significantly mitigate the ability of EGCG to inhibit MPO in vitro. Further, the efficacy of EGCG against DSS-induced gut inflammation is diminished when orally co-administered with iron. These findings indicate that EGCG-mediated inhibition of MPO could be one of the mechanisms by which EGCG exerts its mucoprotective effects. However, counter-regulatory factors such as host lipocalin-2 and dietary iron could explain why EGCG does not ameliorate gut inflammation in some IBD patients.
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18
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Yeoh BS, Aguilera Olvera R, Singh V, Xiao X, Kennett MJ, Joe B, Lambert JD, Vijay-Kumar M. Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate Inhibition of Myeloperoxidase and Its Counter-Regulation by Dietary Iron and Lipocalin 2 in Murine Model of Gut Inflammation. Am J Pathol 2016; 186:912-26. [PMID: 26968114 PMCID: PMC5848242 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Green tea-derived polyphenol (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) has been extensively studied for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties in models of inflammatory bowel disease, yet the underlying molecular mechanism is not completely understood. Herein, we demonstrate that EGCG can potently inhibit the proinflammatory enzyme myeloperoxidase in vitro in a dose-dependent manner over a range of physiologic temperatures and pH values. The ability of EGCG to mediate its inhibitory activity is counter-regulated by the presence of iron and lipocalin 2. Spectral analysis indicated that EGCG prevents the peroxidase-catalyzed reaction by reverting the reactive peroxidase heme (compound I:oxoiron) back to its native inactive ferric state, possibly via the exchange of electrons. Further, administration of EGCG to dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitic mice significantly reduced the colonic myeloperoxidase activity and alleviated proinflammatory mediators associated with gut inflammation. However, the efficacy of EGCG against gut inflammation is diminished when orally coadministered with iron. These findings indicate that the ability of EGCG to inhibit myeloperoxidase activity is one of the mechanisms by which it exerts mucoprotective effects and that counter-regulatory factors such as dietary iron and luminal lipocalin 2 should be taken into consideration for optimizing clinical management strategies for inflammatory bowel disease with the use of EGCG treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beng San Yeoh
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Rodrigo Aguilera Olvera
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Vishal Singh
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Xia Xiao
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Mary J Kennett
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Bina Joe
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Joshua D Lambert
- Department of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Matam Vijay-Kumar
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania; Department of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania.
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19
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Moreau MR, Wijetunge DSS, Bailey ML, Gongati SR, Goodfield LL, Hewage EMKK, Kennett MJ, Fedorchuk C, Ivanov YV, Linder JE, Jayarao BM, Kariyawasam S. Growth in Egg Yolk Enhances Salmonella Enteritidis Colonization and Virulence in a Mouse Model of Human Colitis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150258. [PMID: 26939126 PMCID: PMC4777358 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) is one of the most common causes of bacterial food-borne illnesses in the world. Despite the SE's ability to colonize and infect a wide-range of host, the most common source of infection continues to be the consumption of contaminated shell eggs and egg-based products. To date, the role of the source of SE infection has not been studied as it relates to SE pathogenesis and resulting disease. Using a streptomycin-treated mouse model of human colitis, this study examined the virulence of SE grown in egg yolk and Luria Bertani (LB) broth, and mouse feces collected from mice experimentally infected with SEE1 (SEE1 passed through mice). Primary observations revealed that the mice infected with SE grown in egg yolk displayed greater illness and disease markers than those infected with SE passed through mice or grown in LB broth. Furthermore, the SE grown in egg yolk achieved higher rates of colonization in the mouse intestines and extra-intestinal organs of infected mice than the SE from LB broth or mouse feces. Our results here indicate that the source of SE infection may contribute to the overall pathogenesis of SE in a second host. These results also suggest that reservoir-pathogen dynamics may be critical for SE's ability to establish colonization and priming for virulence potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R. Moreau
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
| | - Dona Saumya S. Wijetunge
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
| | - Megan L. Bailey
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
| | - Sudharsan R. Gongati
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
| | - Laura L. Goodfield
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
| | | | - Mary J. Kennett
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
- Animal Resource Program, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
| | - Christine Fedorchuk
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
| | - Yury V. Ivanov
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
| | - Jessica E. Linder
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
| | - Bhushan M. Jayarao
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
- Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
| | - Subhashinie Kariyawasam
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
- Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
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20
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Finch ER, Kudva AK, Quickel MD, Goodfield LL, Kennett MJ, Whelan J, Paulson RF, Prabhu KS. Chemopreventive Effects of Dietary Eicosapentaenoic Acid Supplementation in Experimental Myeloid Leukemia. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2015; 8:989-99. [PMID: 26290393 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-15-0050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Current therapies for treatment of myeloid leukemia do not eliminate leukemia stem cells (LSC), leading to disease relapse. In this study, we supplemented mice with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5), a polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acid, at pharmacologic levels, to examine whether the endogenous metabolite, cyclopentenone prostaglandin delta-12 PGJ3 (Δ(12)-PGJ3), was effective in targeting LSCs in experimental leukemia. EPA supplementation for 8 weeks resulted in enhanced endogenous production of Δ(12)-PGJ3 that was blocked by indomethacin, a cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor. Using a murine model of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) induced by bone marrow transplantation of BCR-ABL-expressing hematopoietic stem cells, mice supplemented with EPA showed a decrease in the LSC population, and reduced splenomegaly and leukocytosis, when compared with mice on an oleic acid diet. Supplementation of CML mice carrying the T315I mutation (in BCR-ABL) with EPA resulted in a similar effect. Indomethacin blocked the EPA effect and increased the severity of BCR-ABL-induced CML and decreased apoptosis. Δ(12)-PGJ3 rescued indomethacin-treated BCR-ABL mice and decreased LSCs. Inhibition of hematopoietic-prostaglandin D synthase (H-PGDS) by HQL-79 in EPA-supplemented CML mice also blocked the effect of EPA. In addition, EPA supplementation was effective in a murine model of acute myeloid leukemia. EPA-supplemented mice exhibited a decrease in leukemia burden and a decrease in the LSC colony-forming unit (LSC-CFU). The decrease in LSCs was confirmed through serial transplantation assays in all disease models. The results support a chemopreventive role for EPA in myeloid leukemia, which is dependent on the ability to efficiently convert EPA to endogenous COX-derived prostanoids, including Δ(12)-PGJ3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily R Finch
- Immunology and Infectious Diseases Graduate Program, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania. Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease and Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Avinash K Kudva
- Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease and Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael D Quickel
- Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease and Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Laura L Goodfield
- Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease and Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Mary J Kennett
- Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease and Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Jay Whelan
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennesee
| | - Robert F Paulson
- Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease and Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania.
| | - K Sandeep Prabhu
- Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease and Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania.
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Kaushal N, Kudva AK, Patterson AD, Chiaro C, Kennett MJ, Desai D, Amin S, Carlson BA, Cantorna MT, Prabhu KS. Crucial role of macrophage selenoproteins in experimental colitis. J Immunol 2014; 193:3683-92. [PMID: 25187657 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1400347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is a hallmark of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that involves macrophages. Given the inverse link between selenium (Se) status and IBD-induced inflammation, our objective was to demonstrate that selenoproteins in macrophages were essential to suppress proinflammatory mediators, in part, by the modulation of arachidonic acid metabolism. Acute colitis was induced using 4% dextran sodium sulfate in wild-type mice maintained on Se-deficient (<0.01 ppm Se), Se-adequate (0.08 ppm; sodium selenite), and two supraphysiological levels in the form of Se-supplemented (0.4 ppm; sodium selenite) and high Se (1.0 ppm; sodium selenite) diets. Selenocysteinyl transfer RNA knockout mice (Trsp(fl/fl)LysM(Cre)) were used to examine the role of selenoproteins in macrophages on disease progression and severity using histopathological evaluation, expression of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory genes, and modulation of PG metabolites in urine and plasma. Whereas Se-deficient and Se-adequate mice showed increased colitis and exhibited poor survival, Se supplementation at 0.4 and 1.0 ppm increased survival of mice and decreased colitis-associated inflammation with an upregulation of expression of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory genes. Metabolomic profiling of urine suggested increased oxidation of PGE2 at supraphysiological levels of Se that also correlated well with Se-dependent upregulation of 15-hydroxy-PG dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) in macrophages. Pharmacological inhibition of 15-PGDH, lack of selenoprotein expression in macrophages, and depletion of infiltrating macrophages indicated that macrophage-specific selenoproteins and upregulation of 15-PGDH expression were key for Se-dependent anti-inflammatory and proresolving effects. Selenoproteins in macrophages protect mice from dextran sodium sulfate-colitis by enhancing 15-PGDH-dependent oxidation of PGE2 to alleviate inflammation, suggesting a therapeutic role for Se in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Kaushal
- Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease and Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Avinash K Kudva
- Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease and Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Andrew D Patterson
- Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease and Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Christopher Chiaro
- Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease and Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Mary J Kennett
- Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease and Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Dhimant Desai
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033; and
| | - Shantu Amin
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033; and
| | - Bradley A Carlson
- Molecular Biology of Selenium Section, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Margherita T Cantorna
- Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease and Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - K Sandeep Prabhu
- Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease and Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802;
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Gandhi UH, Kaushal N, Hegde S, Finch ER, Kudva AK, Kennett MJ, Jordan CT, Paulson RF, Prabhu KS. Selenium suppresses leukemia through the action of endogenous eicosanoids. Cancer Res 2014; 74:3890-901. [PMID: 24872387 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-3694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Eradicating cancer stem-like cells (CSC) may be essential to fully eradicate cancer. Metabolic changes in CSC could hold a key to their targeting. Here, we report that the dietary micronutrient selenium can trigger apoptosis of CSC derived from chronic or acute myelogenous leukemias when administered at supraphysiologic but nontoxic doses. In leukemia CSC, selenium treatment activated ATM-p53-dependent apoptosis accompanied by increased intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species. Importantly, the same treatment did not trigger apoptosis in hematopoietic stem cells. Serial transplantation studies with BCR-ABL-expressing CSC revealed that the selenium status in mice was a key determinant of CSC survival. Selenium action relied upon the endogenous production of the cyclooxygenase-derived prostaglandins Δ(12)-PGJ2 and 15d-PGJ2. Accordingly, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and NADPH oxidase inhibitors abrogated the ability of selenium to trigger apoptosis in leukemia CSC. Our results reveal how selenium-dependent modulation of arachidonic acid metabolism can be directed to trigger apoptosis of primary human and murine CSC in leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ujjawal H Gandhi
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease and Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Naveen Kaushal
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease and Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Shailaja Hegde
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease and Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Emily R Finch
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease and Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Avinash K Kudva
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease and Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Mary J Kennett
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease and Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Craig T Jordan
- Division of Hematology, Hematologic Malignancies, and Stem Cell Transplantation, University of Colorado, Anshutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Robert F Paulson
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease and Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania; and
| | - K Sandeep Prabhu
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease and Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania; and
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Kudva AK, Kaushal N, Mohinta S, Kennett MJ, August A, Paulson RF, Prabhu KS. Evaluation of the stability, bioavailability, and hypersensitivity of the omega-3 derived anti-leukemic prostaglandin: Δ(12)-prostaglandin J3. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80622. [PMID: 24312486 PMCID: PMC3846793 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated the ability of an eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)-derived endogenous cyclopentenone prostaglandin (CyPG) metabolite, Δ12-PGJ3, to selectively target leukemic stem cells, but not the normal hematopoietic stems cells, in in vitro and in vivo models of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). Here we evaluated the stability, bioavailability, and hypersensitivity of Δ12-PGJ3. The stability of Δ12-PGJ3 was evaluated under simulated conditions using artificial gastric and intestinal juice. The bioavailability of Δ12-PGJ3 in systemic circulation was demonstrated upon intraperitoneal injection into mice by LC-MS/MS. Δ12-PGJ3 being a downstream metabolite of PGD3 was tested in vitro using primary mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs) and in vivo mouse models for airway hypersensitivity. ZK118182, a synthetic PG analog with potent PGD2 receptor (DP)-agonist activity and a drug candidate in current clinical trials, was used for toxicological comparison. Δ12-PGJ3 was relatively more stable in simulated gastric juice than in simulated intestinal juice that followed first-order kinetics of degradation. Intraperitoneal injection into mice revealed that Δ12-PGJ3 was bioavailable and well absorbed into systemic circulation with a Cmax of 263 µg/L at 12 h. Treatment of BMMCs with ZK118182 for 12 h resulted in increased production of histamine, while Δ12-PGJ3 did not induce degranulation in BMMCs nor increase histamine. In addition, in vivo testing for hypersensitivity in mice showed that ZK118182 induces higher airways hyperresponsiveness when compared Δ12-PGJ3 and/or PBS control. Based on the stability studies, our data indicates that intraperitoneal route of administration of Δ12-PGJ3 was favorable than oral administration to achieve effective pharmacological levels in the plasma against leukemia. Δ12-PGJ3 failed to increase histamine and IL-4 in BMMCs, which is in agreement with reduced airway hyperresponsiveness in mice. In summary, our studies suggest Δ12-PGJ3 to be a promising bioactive metabolite for further evaluation as a potential drug candidate for treating CML.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/adverse effects
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacokinetics
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Biological Availability
- Bone Marrow Cells/metabolism
- Bone Marrow Cells/pathology
- Cells, Cultured
- Drug Hypersensitivity/metabolism
- Drug Hypersensitivity/pathology
- Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor/methods
- Fatty Acids, Omega-3/adverse effects
- Fatty Acids, Omega-3/pharmacokinetics
- Fatty Acids, Omega-3/pharmacology
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Mast Cells/metabolism
- Mast Cells/pathology
- Mice
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology
- Prostaglandins/adverse effects
- Prostaglandins/pharmacokinetics
- Prostaglandins/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash K. Kudva
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Naveen Kaushal
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Sonia Mohinta
- The Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Mary J. Kennett
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Avery August
- The Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Robert F. Paulson
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - K. Sandeep Prabhu
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Restori KH, Kennett MJ, Ross AC. Immunization with pneumococcal polysaccharide serotype 3 and lipopolysaccharide modulates lung and liver inflammation during a virulent Streptococcus pneumoniae infection in mice. Clin Vaccine Immunol 2013; 20:639-50. [PMID: 23389932 PMCID: PMC3647752 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00593-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Accepted: 01/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Vaccination reduces morbidity and mortality from pneumonia, but its effect on the tissue-level response to infection is still poorly understood. We evaluated pneumonia disease progression, acute-phase response, and lung gene expression profiles in mice inoculated intranasally with virulent Gram-positive Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 3 (ST 3) with and without prior immunization with pneumococcal polysaccharide ST 3 (PPS3) or after coimmunization with PPS3 and a low dose of lipopolysaccharide (PPS3+LPS). Pneumonia severity was assessed in the acute phase at 5, 12, 24 and 48 h postinoculation (p.i.) and in the resolution phase at 7 days p.i. Primary PPS3-specific antibody production was upregulated, and IgM binding to pneumococci increased in PPS3-immunized mice. Immunizations with PPS3 or PPS3+LPS decreased bacterial recovery in the lung and blood at 24 and 48 h and increased survival. Microarray analysis of whole-lung RNA revealed significant changes in the acute-phase protein serum amyloid A (SAA) levels between noninfected and infected mice, and these changes were attenuated by immunization. SAA transcripts were higher in the liver and lungs of infected controls, and SAA protein was elevated in serum but decreased in PPS3-immunized mice. Thus, during a virulent pneumonia infection, prior immunization with PPS3 in an IgM-dependent manner as well as immunization with PPS3+LPS attenuated pneumonia severity and promoted resolution of infection, concomitant with significant regulation of cytokine gene expression levels in the lungs and acute-phase proteins in the lungs, liver, and serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine H. Restori
- Graduate Program in Immunology and Infectious Disease, The Huck Institute of Life Sciences
| | | | - A. Catharine Ross
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
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25
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Jenkins DM, Murray WB, Kennett MJ, Hughes EL, Werner JR. The Effects of Continuous Application of the TASER X26 Waveform onSus scrofa,. J Forensic Sci 2013; 58:684-92. [DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.12070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2011] [Revised: 03/05/2012] [Accepted: 03/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David M. Jenkins
- Penn State Applied Research Laboratory; PO Box 30; State College; PA; 16804
| | - W. Bosseau Murray
- Penn State Hershey Medical Center; 500 University Drive; Hershey; PA; 17033
| | - Mary J. Kennett
- Penn State Animal Resource Program, 101 Centralized Biological Laboratory; University Park; PA; 16802
| | - Edward L. Hughes
- Penn State Applied Research Laboratory; PO Box 30; State College; PA; 16804
| | - Jacob R. Werner
- Penn State Animal Resource Program, 101 Centralized Biological Laboratory; University Park; PA; 16802
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Grove KA, Sae-tan S, Kennett MJ, Lambert JD. (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate inhibits pancreatic lipase and reduces body weight gain in high fat-fed obese mice. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2012; 20:2311-3. [PMID: 21633405 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2011.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Tea (Camellia sinensis, Theaceae) has been shown to have obesity preventive effects in laboratory studies. We hypothesized that dietary epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) could reverse metabolic syndrome in high fat-fed obese C57bl/6J mice, and that these effects were related to inhibition of pancreatic lipase (PL). Following treatment with 0.32% EGCG for 6 weeks, a 44% decrease in body weight (BW) gain in high fat-fed, obese mice (P < 0.01) was observed compared to controls. EGCG treatment increased fecal lipid content by 29.4% (P < 0.05) compared to high fat-fed control, whereas in vitro, EGCG dose-dependently inhibited PL (IC(50) = 7.5 µmol/l) in a noncompetitive manner with respect to substrate concentration. (-)-Epicatechin-3-gallate exhibited similar inhibitory activity, whereas the nonester-containing (-)-epigallocatechin did not. In conclusion, EGCG supplementation reduced final BW and BW gain in obese mice, and some of these effects may be due to inhibition of PL by EGCG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly A Grove
- Department of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
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27
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Sharda DR, Miller-Lee JL, Kanski GM, Hunter JC, Lang CH, Kennett MJ, Korzick DH. Comparison of the agar block and Lieber-DeCarli diets to study chronic alcohol consumption in an aging model of Fischer 344 female rats. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2012; 66:257-63. [PMID: 22951285 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2012.08.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Revised: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Post-menopausal women have a greater risk of developing alcoholic complications compared to age-matched men. Unfortunately, animal models of chronic ethanol consumption with estrogen deficiency are lacking. Here, we characterize the ability of the agar block and Lieber-DeCarli models of chronic ethanol consumption to produce elevated blood alcohol content (BAC) and liver pathology in the F344 postmenopausal animal model of aging. METHODS Adult (3 mo) and aged (18 mo) F344 ovary-intact or ovariectomized rats were administered ethanol for 14-20 weeks as follows: diet 1, standard chow access, 10% ethanol in drinking water, and 40% ethanol in agar blocks; diet 2, diet 1 plus low phytoestrogen chow (known to affect ethanol metabolism) for the final 4 weeks; diet 3, Lieber-DeCarli all liquid diet with 36% kcal ethanol. Control animals were matched isocalorically with dextrin. RESULTS For the agar block diet, average BAC was 13±4 mg/dL across groups. BAC was unaffected by reducing dietary phytoestrogen content (12±4 mg/dL), which is known to interfere with ethanol metabolism. Liver pathology was unaffected by the agar block diet. In contrast, the Lieber-DeCarli diet resulted in BAC of 45±5 mg/dL in conjunction with more severe hepatopathology.223 DISCUSSION We conclude that the Lieber-DeCarli diet produces greater BAC and hepatopathology to study the effects of chronic ethanol administration in the F344 postmenopausal rodent model of aging when compared to an ethanol agar block diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Sharda
- Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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Werner JR, Jenkins DM, Murray WB, Hughes EL, Bienus DA, Kennett MJ. Human Electromuscular Incapacitation Devices Characterization: A Comparative Study on Stress and the Physiological Effects on Swine. J Strength Cond Res 2012; 26:804-10. [PMID: 22173626 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0b013e31824432fb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob R Werner
- Animal Resource Program, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA.
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Thomas GA, Kraemer WJ, Kennett MJ, Comstock BA, Maresh CM, Denegar CR, Volek JS, Hymer WC. Immunoreactive and bioactive growth hormone responses to resistance exercise in men who are lean or obese. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2011; 111:465-72. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00157.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been suggested that obese individuals have a blunted growth hormone (GH) response to spontaneous and stimulated GH secretion. The present study was designed to examine the effects of a high-volume, whole body acute resistance exercise (RE) protocol on immunoreactive GH (iGH), bioactive GH (bGH), and GH-binding protein (GHBP) in sedentary lean and obese men. Nine obese (mean ± SD: 20.8 ± 2.1 yr old, 177.0 ± 4.1 cm height, 108.7 ± 15.9 kg body mass, 37.6 ± 5.29% body fat) and nine lean (20.1 ± 2.1 yr old, 177.8 ± 8.7 cm height, 71.7 ± 5.8 kg body mass, 14.7 ± 3.54% body fat) men completed an acute RE protocol (6 exercises, 3 sets of 10 repetitions at 85–95% of 10 repetitions maximum with 120- and 90-s rest periods), and blood samples were collected before, at the midpoint, and immediately after exercise and during recovery (+50, +70, and +110). In contrast to prior studies, which examined acute responses to cardiovascular exercise protocols, groups did not differ in iGH response to the exercise stimulus. However, bGH concentrations overall were significantly lower in the obese than the lean participants ( P < 0.001). Additionally, obese individuals had significantly higher GHBP concentrations ( P < 0.001). Results suggest that obese and lean sedentary men performing a high-volume, whole body acute RE protocol demonstrate similar increases in iGH. Blunted bGH and elevated GHBP concentrations are indicative of altered GH activity associated with obesity. Prior research findings of blunted iGH response may be attributable to RE protocols not equated on relative intensity or volume. These results underscore the complexity of pituitary biology and its related mechanisms and may have implications for exercise prescription in the treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwendolyn A. Thomas
- School of Nursing, Yale University, New Haven
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology,
| | - William J. Kraemer
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology,
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut; and
| | - Mary J. Kennett
- Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Carl M. Maresh
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology,
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut; and
| | | | - Jeff S. Volek
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology,
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30
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen M Heiderstadt
- Animal Resource Program, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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31
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Zhu B, Bai R, Kennett MJ, Kang BH, Gonzalez FJ, Peters JM. Chemoprevention of chemically induced skin tumorigenesis by ligand activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-beta/delta and inhibition of cyclooxygenase 2. Mol Cancer Ther 2011; 9:3267-77. [PMID: 21159610 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-10-0820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Ligand activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-β/δ (PPARβ/δ) and inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) activity by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) can both attenuate skin tumorigenesis. The present study examined the hypothesis that combining ligand activation of PPARβ/δ with inhibition of COX2 activity will increase the efficacy of chemoprevention of chemically induced skin tumorigenesis over that observed with either approach alone. To test this hypothesis, wild-type and Pparβ/δ-null mice were initiated with 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA), topically treated with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate to promote tumorigenesis, and then immediately treated with topical application of the PPARβ/δ ligand GW0742, dietary administration of the COX2 inhibitor nimesulide, or both GW0742 and nimesulide. Ligand activation of PPARβ/δ with GW0742 caused a PPARβ/δ-dependent delay in the onset of tumor formation. Nimesulide also delayed the onset of tumor formation and caused inhibition of tumor multiplicity (46%) in wild-type mice but not in Pparβ/δ-null mice. Combining ligand activation of PPARβ/δ with dietary nimesulide resulted in a further decrease of tumor multiplicity (58%) in wild-type mice but not in Pparβ/δ-null mice. Biochemical and molecular analysis of skin and tumor samples show that these effects were due to the modulation of terminal differentiation, attenuation of inflammatory signaling, and induction of apoptosis through both PPARβ/δ-dependent and PPARβ/δ-independent mechanisms. Increased levels and activity of PPARβ/δ by nimesulide were also observed. These studies support the hypothesis that combining ligand activation of PPARβ/δ with inhibition of COX2 activity increases the efficacy of preventing chemically induced skin tumorigenesis as compared with either approach alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bokai Zhu
- Department of Veterinary Science and The Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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Sae-Tan S, Grove KA, Kennett MJ, Lambert JD. (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate increases the expression of genes related to fat oxidation in the skeletal muscle of high fat-fed mice. Food Funct 2011; 2:111-6. [PMID: 21779555 DOI: 10.1039/c0fo00155d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
(-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the major polyphenol in green tea, has been shown to prevent the development of obesity in rodent models. Here, we examined the effect of EGCG on markers of fat oxidation in high fat-fed C57bl/6J mice. High fat-fed mice treated with 0.32% dietary EGCG for 16 weeks had reduced body weight gain and final body weight (19.2% and 9.4%, respectively) compared to high fat-fed controls. EGCG-treatment decreased fasting blood glucose, plasma insulin, and insulin resistance by 18.5%, 25.3%, and 33.9%, respectively. EGCG treatment also reduced markers of obesity-related fatty liver disease in high fat-fed mice. Gene expression analysis of skeletal muscle showed that EGCG increased mRNA levels of nuclear respiratory factor (nrf)1, medium chain acyl coA decarboxylase (mcad), uncoupling protein (ucp)3, and peroxisome proliferator responsive element (ppar)α by 1.4-1.9-fold compared to high fat-fed controls. These genes are all related to mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation. In addition, EGCG increased fecal excretion of lipids in high fat-fed mice. In summary, it appears that EGCG modulates body weight gain in high fat-fed mice both by increasing the expression of genes related fat oxidation in the skeletal muscle and by modulating fat absorption from the diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudathip Sae-Tan
- Department of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University, 332 Food Science Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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Mordasky Markell L, Pérez-Lorenzo R, Masiuk KE, Kennett MJ, Glick AB. Use of a TGFbeta type I receptor inhibitor in mouse skin carcinogenesis reveals a dual role for TGFbeta signaling in tumor promotion and progression. Carcinogenesis 2010; 31:2127-35. [PMID: 20852150 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgq191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacological inhibitors of the transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) type I receptor (ALK5) have shown promise in blocking growth of xenotransplanted cancer cell lines but the effect on a multistage cancer model is not known. To test this, we treated mouse skin with SB431542 (SB), a well-characterized ALK5 inhibitor, during a two-stage skin carcinogenesis assay. Topical SB significantly reduced the total number, incidence and size of papillomas compared with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) promotion alone, and this was linked to increased epidermal apoptosis, decreased proliferation and decreased cutaneous inflammation during promotion. In contrast, the frequency of conversion to squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) was 2-fold higher in papillomas treated with SB. Although there was no difference in tumor cell proliferation in early premalignant lesions, those that formed after SB treatment exhibited reduced squamous differentiation and an altered inflammatory microenvironment similar to SCC. In an inducible epidermal RAS transgenic model, treatment with SB enhanced proliferation and cutaneous inflammation in skin but decreased expression of keratin 1 and increased expression of simple epithelial keratin 18, markers of premalignant progression. In agreement with increased frequency of progression in the multistage model, SB treatment resulted in increased tumor formation with a more malignant phenotype following long-term RAS induction. In contrast to the current paradigm for TGFβ in carcinogenesis, these results demonstrate that cutaneous TGFβ signaling enables promotion of benign tumors but suppresses premalignant progression through context-dependent regulation of epidermal homeostasis and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Mordasky Markell
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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Li P, Li M, Lindberg MR, Kennett MJ, Xiong N, Wang Y. PAD4 is essential for antibacterial innate immunity mediated by neutrophil extracellular traps. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 207:1853-62. [PMID: 20733033 PMCID: PMC2931169 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20100239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 963] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils trap and kill bacteria by forming highly decondensed chromatin structures, termed neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). We previously reported that histone hypercitrullination catalyzed by peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) correlates with chromatin decondensation during NET formation. However, the role of PAD4 in NET-mediated bacterial trapping and killing has not been tested. Here, we use PAD4 knockout mice to show that PAD4 is essential for NET-mediated antibacterial function. Unlike PAD4+/+ neutrophils, PAD4−/− neutrophils cannot form NETs after stimulation with chemokines or incubation with bacteria, and are deficient in bacterial killing by NETs. In a mouse infectious disease model of necrotizing fasciitis, PAD4−/− mice are more susceptible to bacterial infection than PAD4+/+ mice due to a lack of NET formation. Moreover, we found that citrullination decreased the bacterial killing activity of histones and nucleosomes, which suggests that PAD4 mainly plays a role in chromatin decondensation to form NETs instead of increasing histone-mediated bacterial killing. Our results define a role for histone hypercitrullination in innate immunity during bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingxin Li
- Center for Eukaryotic Gene Regulation, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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35
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Wolfe DN, Karanikas AT, Hester SE, Kennett MJ, Harvill ET. IL-10 induction by Bordetella parapertussis limits a protective IFN-gamma response. J Immunol 2009; 184:1392-400. [PMID: 20042578 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0803045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Bordetella parapertussis causes the prolonged coughing illness known as pertussis or whooping cough, persisting for weeks within the respiratory tracts of infected hosts but inducing a very poor T cell response relative to that induced by Bordetella pertussis, the more common cause of pertussis. In this study, we examine the contributions of cytokines involved in the clearance of B. parapertussis and immunomodulation that delays effective clearance. The slow elimination of this pathogen from the respiratory tracts of mice coincides with the gradual accumulation of CD4(+) T cells in the lungs and B. parapertussis-responsive IFN-gamma-producing cells in the spleen. IFN-gamma-deficient mice were defective in the accumulation of leukocytes in lungs and in clearance of B. parapertussis from the lungs. In vitro B. parapertussis-stimulated macrophages produced IL-10, which inhibited the generation of the IFN-gamma response that is required for protection in vivo. As compared with wild-type mice, IL-10-deficient mice produced significantly higher levels of IFN-gamma, had higher numbers of leukocytes accumulated in the lungs, and cleared B. parapertussis more rapidly. Together, these data indicate that B. parapertussis induces the production of IL-10, which facilitates its persistence within infected hosts by limiting a protective IFN-gamma response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel N Wolfe
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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Lambert JD, Kennett MJ, Sang S, Reuhl KR, Ju J, Yang CS. Hepatotoxicity of high oral dose (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate in mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2009; 48:409-16. [PMID: 19883714 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2009.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 274] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2009] [Revised: 10/08/2009] [Accepted: 10/25/2009] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The tea polyphenol (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) has been studied for chronic disease preventive effects, and is marketed as part of many dietary supplements. However, case-reports have associated the use of green tea-based supplements with liver toxicity. We studied the hepatotoxic effects of high dose EGCG in male CF-1 mice. A single dose of EGCG (1500 mg/kg, i.g.) increased plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) by 138-fold and reduced survival by 85%. Once-daily dosing with EGCG increased hepatotoxic response. Plasma ALT levels were increased 184-fold following two once-daily doses of 750 mg/kg, i.g. EGCG. Moderate to severe hepatic necrosis was observed following treatment with EGCG. EGCG hepatotoxicity was associated with oxidative stress including increased hepatic lipid peroxidation (5-fold increase), plasma 8-isoprostane (9.5-fold increase) and increased hepatic metallothionein and gamma-histone 2AX protein expression. EGCG also increased plasma interleukin-6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1. Our results indicate that higher bolus doses of EGCG are hepatotoxic to mice. Further studies on the dose-dependent hepatotoxic effects of EGCG and the underlying mechanisms are important given the increasing use of green tea dietary supplements, which may deliver much higher plasma and tissue concentrations of EGCG than tea beverages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D Lambert
- Department of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University, 332 Food Science Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
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37
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Nindl BC, Pierce JR, Durkot MJ, Tuckow AP, Kennett MJ, Nieves JW, Cosman F, Alemany JA, Hymer WC. Relationship between growth hormone in vivo bioactivity, the insulin-like growth factor-I system and bone mineral density in young, physically fit men and women. Growth Horm IGF Res 2008; 18:439-445. [PMID: 18482854 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2008.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2007] [Revised: 03/27/2008] [Accepted: 03/31/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Bone mineral density (BMD) is influenced by growth factors, such as growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I). The in vivo bioassay for GH (bioGH) provides a more physiologically relevant measurement than an in vitro immunoassay, since bioGH is quantified on a biological outcome. OBJECTIVE To determine if bioGH and components of the IGF-I system were associated with BMD in age-matched men (M; n=41, 19.1+/-0.2 year, 70+/-3 kg, 163+/-25 cm) and women (W; n=39, 18.6+/-0.3 year, 66+/-3 kg, 141+/-15 cm). DESIGN Blood was analyzed for growth-related hormones [bioGH, immunoreactive growth hormone (iGH), IGF-I and associated binding proteins], and BMD was measured by pDXA, pQCT, and central DXA (spine, hip). For the bioGH assay, hypophysectomizied female Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with a s.c. bolus of either a GH standard or unknown (each subject's plasma) in four daily injections. The tibia was then examined for epiphyseal growth plate width from which bioGH concentrations were extrapolated. RESULTS M had greater (P<0.05) calcaneal BMD when measured by pDXA (M: 1.27+/-0.02; W: 1.14+/-0.02 g/cm2), while pQCT-assessed BMD at the tibia was not different (M: 777+/-16; W: 799+/-16 g/cm2). bioGH was similar between M (5388+/-800 microg/L) and W (4282+/-643 microg/L) and was not correlated with BMD. The only BMD-related biomarkers in women were acid-labile subunit (ALS; r=0.40) and IGFBP-3 (r=0.42) with DXA-measured spine and femoral neck BMD, and ALS (r=0.47) with pQCT-assessed tibial BMD and cortical thickness, respectively. CONCLUSION Although bioGH was not associated with BMD, IGF-I and associated binding proteins (IGFBP-3 and ALS) emerged as correlates in W only.
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Affiliation(s)
- B C Nindl
- Military Performance Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Kansas Street, Building 42, Natick, MA 01760-5007, USA
| | - J R Pierce
- Military Performance Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Kansas Street, Building 42, Natick, MA 01760-5007, USA
| | - M J Durkot
- Military Performance Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Kansas Street, Building 42, Natick, MA 01760-5007, USA
| | - A P Tuckow
- Military Performance Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Kansas Street, Building 42, Natick, MA 01760-5007, USA
| | - M J Kennett
- Central Biological Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 01830, USA
| | - J W Nieves
- Clinical Research and Regional Bone Centers, Helen Hayes Hospital, West Haverstraw, NY, USA
| | - F Cosman
- Clinical Research and Regional Bone Centers, Helen Hayes Hospital, West Haverstraw, NY, USA
| | - J A Alemany
- Military Performance Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Kansas Street, Building 42, Natick, MA 01760-5007, USA
| | - W C Hymer
- Central Biological Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 01830, USA
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Bility MT, Devlin-Durante MK, Blazanin N, Glick AB, Ward JM, Kang BH, Kennett MJ, Gonzalez FJ, Peters JM. Ligand activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor beta/delta (PPAR beta/delta) inhibits chemically induced skin tumorigenesis. Carcinogenesis 2008; 29:2406-14. [PMID: 18799709 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgn219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)beta/delta-null mice exhibit enhanced tumorigenesis in a two-stage chemical carcinogenesis model as compared with wild-type mice. Previous work showed that ligand activation of PPARbeta/delta induces terminal differentiation and inhibits proliferation of primary keratinocytes, and this effect does not occur in the absence of PPARbeta/delta expression. In the present studies, the effect of ligand activation of PPARbeta/delta on skin tumorigenesis was examined using both in vivo and ex vivo skin carcinogenesis models. Inhibition of chemically induced skin tumorigenesis was observed in wild-type mice administered GW0742, and this effect was likely the result of ligand-induced terminal differentiation and inhibition of replicative DNA synthesis. These effects were not found in similarly treated PPARbeta/delta-null mice. Ligand activation of PPARbeta/delta also inhibited cell proliferation and induced terminal differentiation in initiated/neoplastic keratinocyte cell lines representing different stages of skin carcinogenesis. These studies suggest that topical administration of PPARbeta/delta ligands may be useful as both a chemopreventive and/or a chemotherapeutic approach to inhibit skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moses T Bility
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences and the Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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Shan W, Palkar PS, Murray IA, McDevitt EI, Kennett MJ, Kang BH, Isom HC, Perdew GH, Gonzalez FJ, Peters JM. Ligand activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor beta/delta (PPARbeta/delta) attenuates carbon tetrachloride hepatotoxicity by downregulating proinflammatory gene expression. Toxicol Sci 2008; 105:418-28. [PMID: 18622026 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfn142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) beta/delta-null mice exhibit exacerbated hepatotoxicity in response to administration of carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)). To determine whether ligand activation of the receptor protects against chemical toxicity in the liver, wild-type and PPARbeta/delta-null mice were administered CCl(4) with or without coadministration of the highly specific PPARbeta/delta ligand GW0742. Biomarkers of liver toxicity, including serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and hepatic tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha mRNA, were significantly higher in CCl(4)-treated PPARbeta/delta-null mice compared to wild-type mice. Hepatic expression of TNF-like weak inducer of apoptosis receptor (TWEAKr) and S100 calcium-binding protein A6 (S100A6/calcyclin), genes involved in nuclear factor kappa B signaling, was higher in the CCl(4)-treated PPARbeta/delta-null mice compared to wild-type mice. GW0742 treatment resulted in reduced serum ALT concentration and lower expression of CCl(4)-induced TNF-alpha, S100A6, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP1), and TWEAKr in wild-type mice, and these effects were not observed in PPARbeta/delta-null mice. Expression of TNF-alpha was higher in PPARbeta/delta-null primary hepatocytes in response to interleukin-1beta treatment compared to wild-type hepatocytes, but GW0742 did not significantly modulate TNF-alpha expression in hepatocytes from either genotype. While PPARbeta/delta-null hepatic stellate exhibited higher rates of proliferation compared to wild-type cells, GW0742 did not affect alpha-smooth muscle actin expression in these cells. Combined, these findings demonstrate that ligand activation of PPARbeta/delta protects against chemically induced hepatotoxicity by downregulating expression of proinflammatory genes. Hepatocytes and hepatic stellate cells do not appear to directly mediate the inhibitory effects of ligand activation of PPARbeta/delta in liver, suggesting the involvement of paracrine and autocrine events mediated by hepatic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Shan
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences and The Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Huck Institute of Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
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40
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Shan W, Nicol CJ, Ito S, Bility MT, Kennett MJ, Ward JM, Gonzalez FJ, Peters JM. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-beta/delta protects against chemically induced liver toxicity in mice. Hepatology 2008; 47:225-35. [PMID: 18038451 DOI: 10.1002/hep.21925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Potential functional roles for the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-beta/delta (PPARbeta/delta) in skeletal muscle fatty acid catabolism and epithelial carcinogenesis have recently been described. Whereas PPARbeta/delta is expressed in liver, its function in this tissue is less clear. To determine the role of PPARbeta/delta in chemically induced liver toxicity, wild-type and PPARbeta/delta-null mice were treated with azoxymethane (AOM) and markers of liver toxicity examined. Bile duct hyperplasia, regenerative hyperplasia, and increased serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were found in AOM-treated PPARbeta/delta-null mice, and these effects were not observed in similarly treated wild-type mice. Exacerbated carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)) hepatoxicity was also observed in PPARbeta/delta-null as compared with wild-type mice. No differences in messenger RNAs (mRNAs) encoding cytochrome2E1 required for the metabolic activation of AOM and CCl(4) were observed between wild-type or PPARbeta/delta-null mice in response to CCl(4). Significant differences in the expression of genes reflecting enhanced nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) activity were noted in PPARbeta/delta-null mice. CONCLUSION Results from these studies show that PPARbeta/delta is protective against liver toxicity induced by AOM and CCl(4), suggesting that this receptor is hepatoprotective against environmental chemicals that are metabolized in this tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Shan
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences and The Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Huck Institute of Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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41
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Hollingshead HE, Morimura K, Adachi M, Kennett MJ, Billin AN, Willson TM, Gonzalez FJ, Peters JM. PPARbeta/delta protects against experimental colitis through a ligand-independent mechanism. Dig Dis Sci 2007; 52:2912-9. [PMID: 17404849 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-006-9644-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2006] [Accepted: 10/09/2006] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) beta/delta and gamma have overlapping roles in the negative regulation of inflammatory response genes. Ligand activation of PPARgamma protects against experimental colitis in mice. PPARbeta/delta can negatively regulate inflammation and is highly expressed in the epithelial cells of the colon, therefore PPARbeta/delta may also have a role in experimental colitis. In these studies, colitis was induced by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) treatment in wild-type and PPARbeta/delta-null mice, with and without the PPARbeta/delta specific ligand GW0742. PPARbeta/delta-null mice exhibited increased sensitivity to DSS-induced colitis, as shown by marked differences in body weight loss, colon length, colonic morphology, myeloperoxidase activity and increased expression of mRNAs encoding the inflammatory markers interferon gamma, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin-6 compared to similarly treated wild-type mice. Interestingly, these differences were not affected by ligand activation of PPARbeta/delta in either genotype. These studies demonstrate that PPARbeta/delta expression in the colonic epithelium inhibits inflammation and protects against DSS-induced colitis through a ligand-independent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly E Hollingshead
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences , The Pennsylvania State University, 312 Life Sciences Building, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
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42
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Tompkins SM, Lin Y, Leser GP, Kramer KA, Haas DL, Howerth EW, Xu J, Kennett MJ, Durbin RK, Durbin JE, Tripp R, Lamb RA, He B. Recombinant parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5) expressing the influenza A virus hemagglutinin provides immunity in mice to influenza A virus challenge. Virology 2007; 362:139-50. [PMID: 17254623 PMCID: PMC1995462 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2006.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2006] [Revised: 10/23/2006] [Accepted: 12/03/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Parainfluenza virus type 5 (PIV5), formerly known as simian virus 5 (SV5), is a non-segmented negative strand RNA virus that offers several advantages as a vaccine vector. PIV5 infects many cell types causing little cytopathic effect, it replicates in the cytoplasm of infected cells, and does not have a DNA phase in its life cycle thus avoiding the possibility of introducing foreign genes into the host DNA genome. Importantly, PIV5 can infect humans but it is not associated with any known human illness. PIV5 grows well in tissue culture cells, including Vero cells, which have been approved for vaccine production, and the virus can be obtained easily from the media. To test the feasibility of using PIV5 as a live vaccine vector, the hemagglutinin (HA) gene from influenza A virus strain A/Udorn/72 (H3N2) was inserted into the PIV5 genome as an extra gene between the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) gene and the large (L) polymerase gene. Recombinant PIV5 containing the HA gene of Udorn (rPIV5-H3) was recovered and it replicated similarly to wild type PIV5, both in vitro and in vivo. The HA protein expressed by rPIV5-H3-infected cells was incorporated into the virions and addition of the HA gene did not increase virus virulence in mice. The efficacy of rPIV5-H3 as a live vaccine was examined in 6-week-old BALB/c mice. The results show that a single dose inoculation provides broad and considerable immunity against influenza A virus infection.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- Body Weight
- Cattle
- Cell Line
- Cells, Cultured
- Chlorocebus aethiops
- Disease Models, Animal
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/genetics
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/immunology
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin G/blood
- Immunoglobulin M/blood
- Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza A virus/genetics
- Influenza A virus/immunology
- Influenza Vaccines/genetics
- Influenza Vaccines/immunology
- Lung/pathology
- Lung/virology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/pathology
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/prevention & control
- Parainfluenza Virus 5/genetics
- Parainfluenza Virus 5/immunology
- Vaccines, Synthetic/genetics
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Mark Tompkins
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
| | - Yuan Lin
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
| | - George P. Leser
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Cellular Biology, Evanston, IL
| | - Kari A. Kramer
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
| | - Debra L. Haas
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
| | - Elizabeth W. Howerth
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
| | - Mary J. Kennett
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
| | | | - Joan E. Durbin
- Children's Hospital, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Ralph Tripp
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
| | - Robert A. Lamb
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Cellular Biology, Evanston, IL
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL
| | - Biao He
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
- Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
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43
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Nindl BC, Durkot MJ, Pierce JR, Tuckow AP, Kennett MJ, Nieves JW, Alemany JA, Cosman F, Hymer WC. Relationship Between Bioassayable Growth Hormone, The Insulin‐Like Growth Factor‐I System and Bone Mineral Density in Men and Women. FASEB J 2007. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.21.6.a1421-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bradley C Nindl
- MPDU.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental MedicineNatickMA01760
| | - M J Durkot
- MPDU.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental MedicineNatickMA01760
| | - J R Pierce
- MPDU.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental MedicineNatickMA01760
| | - A P Tuckow
- MPDU.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental MedicineNatickMA01760
| | - M J Kennett
- Clinical Research and Regional Bone CentersHelen Hayes HospitalWest HaverstrawNY10993
| | - J W Nieves
- Clinical Research and Regional Bone CentersHelen Hayes HospitalWest HaverstrawNY10993
| | - J A Alemany
- MPDU.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental MedicineNatickMA01760
| | - F Cosman
- Clinical Research and Regional Bone CentersHelen Hayes HospitalWest HaverstrawNY10993
| | - W C Hymer
- Central Biological LaboratoryThe Pennsylvania State UniversityState CollegePA16802
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44
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Pilione MR, Agosto LM, Kennett MJ, Harvill ET. CD11b is required for the resolution of inflammation induced by Bordetella bronchiseptica respiratory infection. Cell Microbiol 2006; 8:758-68. [PMID: 16611225 DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-5822.2005.00663.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
CD11b is a cell surface receptor that contributes to many cellular processes which are involved in the generation of a protective immune response against pathogenic organisms. In this work, the natural host-pathogen model of murine Bordetella bronchiseptica infection was used to explore the role of CD11b in respiratory immunity. Following intranasal inoculation, CD11b-/- mice rapidly succumb to B. bronchiseptica respiratory infection, highlighting the prominent role of CD11b in the generation of a protective immune response in this model. CD11b appears to be required for both the control of bacterial numbers and the regulation of cellular responses in the lungs. An increased accumulation of neutrophils in the lungs of CD11b-/- mice as compared with wild-type mice suggests that CD11b contributes to the regulation of cellular responses to respiratory infection. This accumulation may be explained by a decrease in apoptosis that is observed in the absence of CD11b following cellular interactions with B. bronchiseptica. Interestingly, this role for CD11b in the regulation of cellular accumulation appears to be critically important for the resolution of damage associated with the type III secretion system (TTSS) of B. bronchiseptica. These data provide new insight into the key role CD11b plays in the resolution of damage in the lower respiratory tract, as well as the B. bronchiseptica virulence determinant that induces it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mylisa R Pilione
- Veterinary Science, Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Microbiology and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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45
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Marin HE, Peraza MA, Billin AN, Willson TM, Ward JM, Kennett MJ, Gonzalez FJ, Peters JM. Ligand activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor beta inhibits colon carcinogenesis. Cancer Res 2006; 66:4394-401. [PMID: 16618765 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-05-4277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
There is considerable debate whether peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor beta/delta (PPARbeta/delta) ligands potentiate or suppress colon carcinogenesis. Whereas administration of a PPARbeta ligand causes increased small intestinal tumorigenesis in Apc(min/+) mice, PPARbeta-null (Pparb-/-) mice exhibit increased colon polyp multiplicity in colon cancer bioassays, suggesting that ligand activation of this receptor will inhibit colon carcinogenesis. This hypothesis was examined by treating wild-type (Pparb+/+) and Pparb-/- with azoxymethane, coupled with a highly specific PPARbeta ligand, GW0742. Ligand activation of PPARbeta in Pparb+/+ mice caused an increase in the expression of mRNA encoding adipocyte differentiation-related protein, fatty acid-binding protein, and cathepsin E. These findings are indicative of colonocyte differentiation, which was confirmed by immunohistochemical analysis. No PPARbeta-dependent differences in replicative DNA synthesis or expression of phosphatase and tensin homologue, phosphoinositide-dependent kinase, integrin-linked kinase, or phospho-Akt were detected in ligand-treated mouse colonic epithelial cells although increased apoptosis was found in GW0742-treated Pparb+/+ mice. Consistent with increased colonocyte differentiation and apoptosis, inhibition of colon polyp multiplicity was also found in ligand-treated Pparb+/+ mice, and all of these effects were not found in Pparb-/- mice. In contrast to previous reports suggesting that activation of PPARbeta potentiates intestinal tumorigenesis, here we show that ligand activation of PPARbeta attenuates chemically induced colon carcinogenesis and that PPARbeta-dependent induction of cathepsin E could explain the reported disparity in the literature about the effect of ligand activation of PPARbeta in the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly E Marin
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences and The Center of Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
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Kirimanjeswara GS, Mann PB, Pilione M, Kennett MJ, Harvill ET. The Complex Mechanism of Antibody-Mediated Clearance ofBordetellafrom the Lungs Requires TLR4. J Immunol 2005; 175:7504-11. [PMID: 16301658 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.175.11.7504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Although the antibacterial effects of Abs are well studied in in vitro systems, the in vivo effects of Abs cannot always be accurately predicted. Complicated cross-talk between different effector functions of Abs and various arms of the immune system can affect their activities in vivo. Using the mouse respiratory pathogen Bordetella bronchiseptica, we examined the mechanisms of Ab-mediated clearance of bacteria from the respiratory tract. Interestingly, although TLR4 was not necessary for protective immunity following infection, it was required for rapid bacterial clearance in mice that were vaccinated or adoptively transferred Abs. TLR4 was important for the rapid recruitment of neutrophils that are necessary for Ab-mediated bacterial clearance via a mechanism that requires both FcgammaR and CR3. These data are consistent with a model in which TLR4-mediated inflammatory responses aid in the recruitment of neutrophils, which phagocytose Ab- and complement-opsonized bacteria via FcgammaRs and CR3. Although pattern recognition receptors are known to be involved in innate immunity and the generation of adaptive immunity, their contributions to specific adaptive immune functions should be considered in ongoing efforts to improve vaccine-induced protective immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girish S Kirimanjeswara
- Immunology Research Laboratories, Department of Biomedical Veterinary Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802, USA
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Kirimanjeswara GS, Agosto LM, Kennett MJ, Bjornstad ON, Harvill ET. Pertussis toxin inhibits neutrophil recruitment to delay antibody-mediated clearance of Bordetella pertussis. J Clin Invest 2005; 115:3594-601. [PMID: 16294220 PMCID: PMC1283938 DOI: 10.1172/jci24609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2005] [Accepted: 09/20/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Whooping cough is considered a childhood disease, although there is growing evidence that children are infected by adult carriers. Additionally, increasing numbers of vaccinated adults are being diagnosed with Bordetella pertussis disease. Thus it is critical to understand how B. pertussis remains endemic even in highly vaccinated or immune populations. Here we used the mouse model to examine the nature of sterilizing immunity to B. pertussis. Antibodies were necessary to control infection but did not rapidly clear B. pertussis from the lungs. However, antibodies affected B. pertussis after a delay of at least a week by a mechanism that involved neutrophils and Fc receptors, suggesting that neutrophils phagocytose and clear antibody-opsonized bacteria via Fc receptors. B. pertussis blocked migration of neutrophils and inhibited their recruitment to the lungs during the first week of infection by a pertussis toxin-dependent (PTx-dependent) mechanism; a PTx mutant of B. pertussis induced rapid neutrophil recruitment and was rapidly cleared from the lungs by adoptively transferred antibodies. Depletion of neutrophils abrogated the defects of the PTx mutant. Together these results indicate that PTx inhibits neutrophil recruitment, which consequently allows B. pertussis to avoid rapid antibody-mediated clearance and therefore successfully infect immune hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girish S Kirimanjeswara
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
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St Claire MB, Kennett MJ, Thomas ML, Daly JW. The husbandry and care of dendrobatid frogs. Contemp Top Lab Anim Sci 2005; 44:8-14. [PMID: 16370573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Dendrobatid frogs are studied primarily for the bioactive alkaloids found in their skin. Also known as poison-dart frogs, these animals accumulate toxic alkaloids from dietary sources. The function and uses of the many alkaloids, the alkaloid accumulation system, and the basic biology and physiology of the frogs themselves are of research interest. Here we overview the taxonomy of these frogs and some of the unique aspects of their natural biology and reproduction. We also describe the components of a successful laboratory housing system, including temperature, lighting, humidity, ventilation, nutrition, health considerations, and handling. A brief summary of dendrobatid research highlights is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark B St Claire
- Laboratory Animal Science Section and Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, NIDDK, DHHS, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Mann PB, Elder KD, Kennett MJ, Harvill ET. Toll-like receptor 4-dependent early elicited tumor necrosis factor alpha expression is critical for innate host defense against Bordetella bronchiseptica. Infect Immun 2004; 72:6650-8. [PMID: 15501798 PMCID: PMC523027 DOI: 10.1128/iai.72.11.6650-6658.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) mediates the response to lipopolysaccharide, and its activation induces the expression of a large number of inflammatory genes, many of which are also induced by other pathogen-associated molecular patterns. Interestingly, the subset of genes that are dependent on TLR4 for optimal expression during gram-negative bacterial infection has not been determined. We have previously shown that TLR4-deficient mice rapidly develop acute pneumonia after inoculation with Bordetella bronchiseptica, suggesting that TLR4 is required for expression of early elicited gene products in this model. Microarray analysis with macrophages derived from wild-type and TLR4-deficient mice was used to identify genes whose expression, within 1 h of bacterial exposure, is dependent on TLR4. The results of this investigation suggest that TLR4 is not required for the majority of the transcriptional response to B. bronchiseptica. However, early tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) mRNA expression is primarily dependent on TLR4 and in vitro and in vivo protein levels substantiate this finding. TLR4-deficient mice and TNF-alpha-/- mice are similarly susceptible to infection with relatively low doses of B. bronchiseptica and in vivo neutralization studies indicate that it is the TLR4-dependent early elicited TNF-alpha response that is critical for preventing severe pneumonia and limiting bacterial growth. These results suggest that one critical role for TLR4 is the generation of a robust but transient TNF-alpha response that is critical to innate host defense during acute gram-negative respiratory infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul B Mann
- Immunology Research Laboratories, The Pathobiology Graduate Program, Department of Veterinary Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802, USA
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Hays T, Rusyn I, Burns AM, Kennett MJ, Ward JM, Gonzalez FJ, Peters JM. Role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARalpha) in bezafibrate-induced hepatocarcinogenesis and cholestasis. Carcinogenesis 2004; 26:219-27. [PMID: 15447978 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgh285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolonged administration of peroxisome proliferators to rodents typically leads to hepatocarcinogenesis. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARalpha) is required to mediate alterations in PPARalpha target gene expression, repress apoptosis, enhance replicative DNA synthesis, oxidative stress to DNA and hepatocarcinogenesis induced by the relatively specific PPARalpha agonist, Wy-14,643. Interestingly, administration of the less specific PPARalpha agonist, bezafibrate, leads to a modest induction of PPARalpha target genes in the absence of PPARalpha expression. In these studies, the role of PPARalpha in modulating hepatocarcinogenesis induced by long-term feeding of 0.5% bezafibrate was examined in wild-type (+/+) and PPARalpha-null (-/-) mice. The average liver weight was significantly higher in (+/+) and (-/-) mice fed bezafibrate than controls, but this effect was considerably less in (-/-) mice as compared with similarly treated (+/+) mice. Increased levels of mRNA encoding cell cycle regulatory proteins and DNA repair enzymes were found in (+/+) mice fed bezafibrate, and this effect was not found in (-/-) mice. In mice fed bezafibrate for 1 year, preneoplastic foci, adenomas and a hepatocellular carcinoma were found in (+/+) mice, while only a single microscopic adenoma was found in one (-/-) mouse. This effect was observed in both Sv/129 and C57BL/6N strains of mice, although only preneoplastic foci were observed in the latter strain. Interestingly, hepatic cholestasis was observed in 100% of the bezafibrate-fed (-/-) mice, and this was accompanied by significantly elevated hepatic expression of mRNA encoding bile salt export pump and lower expression of mRNA encoding cytochrome P450 7A1, consistent with enhanced activation of the bile acid receptor, farnesoid X receptor. Results from these studies demonstrate that the PPARalpha is required to mediate hepatocarcinogenesis induced by bezafibrate, and that PPARalpha protects against potential cholestasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Hays
- Department of Veterinary Science and Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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