1
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Cirillo S, Zhang B, Brown S, Zhao X. Antimicrobial peptide A 9K as a gene delivery vector in cancer cells. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2024; 198:114244. [PMID: 38467336 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2024.114244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Designed peptides are promising biomaterials for biomedical applications. The amphiphilic cationic antimicrobial peptide (AMP), A9K, can self-assemble into nano-rod structures and has shown cancer cell selectivity and could therefore be a promising candidate for therapeutic delivery into cancer cells. In this paper, we investigate the selectivity of A9K for cancer cell models, examining its effect on two human cancer cell lines, A431 and HCT-116. Little or no activity was observed on the control, human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). In the cancer cell lines the peptide inhibited cellular growth through changes in mitochondrial morphology and membrane potential while remaining harmless towards HDFs. In addition, the peptide can bind to and protect nucleic acids while transporting them into both 2D cultures and 3D spheroids of cancer cells. A9K showed high efficiency in delivering siRNA molecules into the centre of the spheroids. A9K was also explored in vivo, using a zebrafish (Danio rerio) development toxicity assay, showing that the peptide is safe at low doses. Finally, a high-content imaging screen, using RNA interference (RNAi) targeted towards cellular uptake, in HCT-116 cells was carried out. Our findings suggest that active cellular uptake is involved in peptide internalisation, mediated through clathrin-mediated endocytosis. These new discoveries make A9K attractive for future developments in clinical and biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Cirillo
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK
| | - Bo Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Stephen Brown
- The Sheffield RNAi Screening Facility, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Xiubo Zhao
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK; School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China.
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2
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Danckwardt S, Trégouët DA, Castoldi E. Post-transcriptional control of haemostatic genes: mechanisms and emerging therapeutic concepts in thrombo-inflammatory disorders. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 119:1624-1640. [PMID: 36943786 PMCID: PMC10325701 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvad046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The haemostatic system is pivotal to maintaining vascular integrity. Multiple components involved in blood coagulation have central functions in inflammation and immunity. A derailed haemostasis is common in prevalent pathologies such as sepsis, cardiovascular disorders, and lately, COVID-19. Physiological mechanisms limit the deleterious consequences of a hyperactivated haemostatic system through adaptive changes in gene expression. While this is mainly regulated at the level of transcription, co- and posttranscriptional mechanisms are increasingly perceived as central hubs governing multiple facets of the haemostatic system. This layer of regulation modulates the biogenesis of haemostatic components, for example in situations of increased turnover and demand. However, they can also be 'hijacked' in disease processes, thereby perpetuating and even causally entertaining associated pathologies. This review summarizes examples and emerging concepts that illustrate the importance of posttranscriptional mechanisms in haemostatic control and crosstalk with the immune system. It also discusses how such regulatory principles can be used to usher in new therapeutic concepts to combat global medical threats such as sepsis or cardiovascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Danckwardt
- Centre for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Centre
Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK),
Berlin, Germany
- Posttranscriptional Gene Regulation, University Medical Centre
Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University
Medical Centre Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131
Mainz, Germany
- Center for Healthy Aging (CHA), Mainz,
Germany
| | - David-Alexandre Trégouët
- INSERM, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, Department of
Molecular Epidemiology of Vascular and Brain Disorders (ELEANOR), University of
Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Elisabetta Castoldi
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht
(CARIM), Maastricht University, Universiteitsingel 50, 6229
ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
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3
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Arévalo DM, Anokhina VS, Swart OLR, Miller BL. Expanding the known structure space for RNA binding: a test of 2,5-diketopiperazine. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:606-612. [PMID: 34927652 PMCID: PMC8900054 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01976g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
As the importance of RNA as a therapeutic target has become increasingly recognized, the need for new chemotypes able to bind RNA has grown in significance. We hypothesized that diketopiperazines (DKPs), common substructures in natural products and protein-targeting therapeutic agents, could serve as effective scaffolds for targeting RNA. To confirm this hypothesis, we designed and synthesized two analogs, one incorporating a DKP and one not, of compounds previously demonstrated to bind an RNA critical to the life cycle of HIV-1 with high affinity and specificity. Prior to compound synthesis, calculations employing density functional methods and molecular mechanics conformational searches were used to confirm that the DKP could present functionality in a similar (albeit not identical) orientation to the non DKP-containing compound. We found that both the DKP-containing and parent compound had similar affinities to the target RNA as measured by surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Both compounds were found to have modest but equal anti-HIV activity. These results establish the feasibility of using DKPs to target RNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego M. Arévalo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Viktoriya S. Anokhina
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Oliver L. R. Swart
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Benjamin L. Miller
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA,Department of Dermatology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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4
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Floriano JF, Emanueli C, Vega S, Barbosa AMP, Oliveira RGD, Floriano EAF, Graeff CFDO, Abbade JF, Herculano RD, Sobrevia L, Rudge MVC. Pro-angiogenic approach for skeletal muscle regeneration. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2021; 1866:130059. [PMID: 34793875 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2021.130059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The angiogenesis process is a phenomenon in which numerous molecules participate in the stimulation of the new vessels' formation from pre-existing vessels. Angiogenesis is a crucial step in tissue regeneration and recovery of organ and tissue function. Muscle diseases affect millions of people worldwide overcome the ability of skeletal muscle to self-repair. Pro-angiogenic therapies are key in skeletal muscle regeneration where both myogenesis and angiogenesis occur. These therapies have been based on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), exosomes, microRNAs (miRs) and delivery of biological factors. The use of different calls of biomaterials is another approach, including ceramics, composites, and polymers. Natural polymers are use due its bioactivity and biocompatibility in addition to its use as scaffolds and in drug delivery systems. One of these polymers is the natural rubber latex (NRL) which is biocompatible, bioactive, versatile, low-costing, and capable of promoting tissue regeneration and angiogenesis. In this review, the advances in the field of pro-angiogenic therapies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Ferreira Floriano
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Medical School, Botucatu, São Paulo 18.618-687, Brazil; National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Costanza Emanueli
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Sofia Vega
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Medical School, Botucatu, São Paulo 18.618-687, Brazil; Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Department of Obstetrics, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile
| | | | | | | | | | - Joelcio Francisco Abbade
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Medical School, Botucatu, São Paulo 18.618-687, Brazil
| | | | - Luis Sobrevia
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Medical School, Botucatu, São Paulo 18.618-687, Brazil; Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Department of Obstetrics, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville E-41012, Spain; University of Queensland, Centre for Clinical Research (UQCCR), Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, 4029, Queensland, Australia; Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713GZ Groningen, the Netherlands.
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5
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Ren H, Song L, Zhang W, Xu L. Synthesis, Stability, and Anti-Tumour Activity of a New Category of "Stapled" Antisense Oligonucleotides with Stimuli-Responsive Feature. J Pharm Sci 2021; 110:3166-3170. [PMID: 34102202 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2021.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The development of nucleic acid drugs with unique structures and mechanisms has stimulated great research interest. Herein, we report a general strategy to construct "stapled" structures of single-stranded antisense oligonucleotides (ASONs) with a stimuli-responsive feature. "Stapled" cyclic structures can be synthesized with reactive bifunctional handles that react with thiol groups of phosphorothioate (PS)-modified ASONs, and can be alternatively adjusted depending on the desired PS sites in the ASON strand. The disulphide group in the stapled handle can be cleaved in the reducing microenvironment of tumour cells. Thus, "stapled" ASONs may be transformed back to a linear conformation to facilitate binding to target mRNAs. Stapling conferred protection against degradation, and enhanced anti-tumour activity compared to linear counterparts. This study provides a new, effective, and convenient strategy for designing ASONs with "stapled" structures, and also adds a further contribution to facilitate the stability and biological efficacy of novel nucleic acid-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongqian Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Liya Song
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China.
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6
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Li D, Gao C, Kuang M, Xu M, Wang B, Luo Y, Teng L, Xie J. Nanoparticles as Drug Delivery Systems of RNAi in Cancer Therapy. Molecules 2021; 26:2380. [PMID: 33921892 PMCID: PMC8073355 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) can mediate gene-silencing by knocking down the expression of a target gene via cellular machinery with much higher efficiency in contrast to other antisense-based approaches which represents an emerging therapeutic strategy for combating cancer. Distinct characters of nanoparticles, such as distinctive size, are fundamental for the efficient delivery of RNAi therapeutics, allowing for higher targeting and safety. In this review, we present the mechanism of RNAi and briefly describe the hurdles and concerns of RNAi as a cancer treatment approach in systemic delivery. Furthermore, the current nanovectors for effective tumor delivery of RNAi therapeutics are classified, and the characteristics of different nanocarriers are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diedie Li
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China; (D.L.); (C.G.); (M.K.); (M.X.); (B.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Chengzhi Gao
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China; (D.L.); (C.G.); (M.K.); (M.X.); (B.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Meiyan Kuang
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China; (D.L.); (C.G.); (M.K.); (M.X.); (B.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Minhao Xu
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China; (D.L.); (C.G.); (M.K.); (M.X.); (B.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Ben Wang
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China; (D.L.); (C.G.); (M.K.); (M.X.); (B.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yi Luo
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China; (D.L.); (C.G.); (M.K.); (M.X.); (B.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Lesheng Teng
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China;
| | - Jing Xie
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China; (D.L.); (C.G.); (M.K.); (M.X.); (B.W.); (Y.L.)
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7
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A novel rationale for targeting FXI: Insights from the hemostatic microRNA targetome for emerging anticoagulant strategies. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 218:107676. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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8
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Zhang S, Gong Y, Li C, Yang W, Li L. Beyond regulations at DNA levels: A review of epigenetic therapeutics targeting cancer stem cells. Cell Prolif 2020; 54:e12963. [PMID: 33314500 PMCID: PMC7848960 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past few years, the paramount role of cancer stem cells (CSCs), in terms of cancer initiation, proliferation, metastasis, invasion and chemoresistance, has been revealed by accumulating studies. However, this level of cellular plasticity cannot be entirely explained by genetic mutations. Research on epigenetic modifications as a complementary explanation for the properties of CSCs has been increasing over the past several years. Notably, therapeutic strategies are currently being developed in an effort to reverse aberrant epigenetic alterations using specific chemical inhibitors. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of CSCs and their role in cancer progression, and provide an overview of epigenetic alterations seen in CSCs. Importantly, we focus on primary cancer therapies that target the epigenetic modification of CSCs by the use of specific chemical inhibitors, such as histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors, DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) inhibitors and microRNA‐based (miRNA‐based) therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunhao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanji Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Department of Temporomandibular Joint, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Chunjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Wenbin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Longjiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
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9
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Tomeh MA, Zhao X. Recent Advances in Microfluidics for the Preparation of Drug and Gene Delivery Systems. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:4421-4434. [PMID: 33213144 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Drug delivery systems (DDSs) have great potential for improving the treatment of several diseases, especially microbial infections and cancers. However, the formulation procedures of DDSs remain challenging, especially at the nanoscale. Reducing batch-to-batch variation and enhancing production rate are some of the essential requirements for accelerating the translation of DDSs from a small scale to an industrial level. Microfluidic technologies have emerged as an alternative to the conventional bench methods to address these issues. By providing precise control over the fluid flows and rapid mixing, microfluidic systems can be used to fabricate and engineer different types of DDSs with specific properties for efficient delivery of a wide range of drugs and genetic materials. This review discusses the principles of controlled rapid mixing that have been employed in different microfluidic strategies for producing DDSs. Moreover, the impact of the microfluidic device design and parameters on the type and properties of DDS formulations was assessed, and recent applications in drug and gene delivery were also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mhd Anas Tomeh
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom
| | - Xiubo Zhao
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom.,School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
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10
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Shah V, Shah J. Recent trends in targeting miRNAs for cancer therapy. J Pharm Pharmacol 2020; 72:1732-1749. [PMID: 32783235 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a type of small noncoding RNA employed by the cells for gene regulation. A single miRNA, typically 22 nucleotides in length, can regulate the expression of numerous genes. Over the past decade, the study of miRNA biology in the context of cancer has led to the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic opportunities. KEY FINDINGS MicroRNA dysregulation is commonly associated with cancer, in part because miRNAs are actively involved in the mechanisms like genomic instabilities, aberrant transcriptional control, altered epigenetic regulation and biogenesis machinery defects. MicroRNAs can regulate oncogenes or tumour suppressor genes and thus when altered can lead to tumorigenesis. Expression profiling of miRNAs has boosted the possibilities of application of miRNAs as potential cancer biomarkers and therapeutic targets, although the feasibility of these approaches will require further validation. SUMMARY In this review, we will focus on how miRNAs regulate tumour development and the potential applications of targeting miRNAs for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vandit Shah
- Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Jigna Shah
- Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
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11
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Yi L, Chen Y, Jin Q, Deng C, Wu Y, Li H, Liu T, Li Y, Yang Y, Wang J, Lv Q, Zhang L, Xie M. Antagomir-155 Attenuates Acute Cardiac Rejection Using Ultrasound Targeted Microbubbles Destruction. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e2000189. [PMID: 32548962 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202000189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Antagomir-155 is an artificial inhibitor of miRNA-155, which is expected to be a promising therapeutic target to attenuate acute cardiac rejection (ACR). However, its vulnerability of being degraded by endogenous nuclease and potential off-target effect make the authors seek for a more suitable way to delivery it. In attribution of efficiency and safety, ultrasound targeted microbubbles destruction (UTMD) turns out to be an appropriate method to deliver gene to target tissues. Here, cationic microbubbles to deliver antagomir-155 downregulating miRNA-155 in murine allograft hearts triggered by UTMD are synthesized. The viability of this therapy is verified by fluorescent microscopy. The biodistribution of antagomir-155 is analyzed by optical imaging system. The results show antagomir-155 delivered by UTMD which significantly decreases the levels of miR-155. Also, this therapy downregulates the expression of cytokines and inflammation infiltration. And allograft survival time is significantly prolonged. Therefore, antagomir-loaded microbubbles trigged by UTMD may provide a novel platform for ACR target treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyang Yi
- Department of UltrasoundUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology 1277 Jiefang Avenue Wuhan 430022 China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging 13 Hangkong Road Wuhan 430030 China
| | - Yihan Chen
- Department of UltrasoundUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology 1277 Jiefang Avenue Wuhan 430022 China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging 13 Hangkong Road Wuhan 430030 China
| | - Qiaofeng Jin
- Department of UltrasoundUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology 1277 Jiefang Avenue Wuhan 430022 China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging 13 Hangkong Road Wuhan 430030 China
| | - Cheng Deng
- Department of UltrasoundUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology 1277 Jiefang Avenue Wuhan 430022 China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging 13 Hangkong Road Wuhan 430030 China
| | - Ya Wu
- Department of UltrasoundUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology 1277 Jiefang Avenue Wuhan 430022 China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging 13 Hangkong Road Wuhan 430030 China
| | - Huiling Li
- Department of UltrasoundUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology 1277 Jiefang Avenue Wuhan 430022 China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging 13 Hangkong Road Wuhan 430030 China
| | - Tianshu Liu
- Department of UltrasoundUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology 1277 Jiefang Avenue Wuhan 430022 China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging 13 Hangkong Road Wuhan 430030 China
| | - Yuman Li
- Department of UltrasoundUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology 1277 Jiefang Avenue Wuhan 430022 China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging 13 Hangkong Road Wuhan 430030 China
| | - Yali Yang
- Department of UltrasoundUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology 1277 Jiefang Avenue Wuhan 430022 China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging 13 Hangkong Road Wuhan 430030 China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of UltrasoundUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology 1277 Jiefang Avenue Wuhan 430022 China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging 13 Hangkong Road Wuhan 430030 China
| | - Qing Lv
- Department of UltrasoundUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology 1277 Jiefang Avenue Wuhan 430022 China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging 13 Hangkong Road Wuhan 430030 China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of UltrasoundUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology 1277 Jiefang Avenue Wuhan 430022 China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging 13 Hangkong Road Wuhan 430030 China
| | - Mingxing Xie
- Department of UltrasoundUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology 1277 Jiefang Avenue Wuhan 430022 China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging 13 Hangkong Road Wuhan 430030 China
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12
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Kim BS, Kim HJ, Osawa S, Hayashi K, Toh K, Naito M, Min HS, Yi Y, Kwon IC, Kataoka K, Miyata K. Dually Stabilized Triblock Copolymer Micelles with Hydrophilic Shell and Hydrophobic Interlayer for Systemic Antisense Oligonucleotide Delivery to Solid Tumor. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:5770-5780. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b00384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Beob Soo Kim
- Department of Materials Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Shigehito Osawa
- Innovation Center of NanoMedicine, Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, 3-25-14 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-0821, Japan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Kotaro Hayashi
- Innovation Center of NanoMedicine, Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, 3-25-14 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-0821, Japan
| | - Kazuko Toh
- Innovation Center of NanoMedicine, Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, 3-25-14 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-0821, Japan
| | | | - Hyun Su Min
- Department of Materials Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yu Yi
- Department of Materials Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Ick Chan Kwon
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Kazunori Kataoka
- Innovation Center of NanoMedicine, Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, 3-25-14 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-0821, Japan
| | - Kanjiro Miyata
- Department of Materials Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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13
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MicroRNA in Lung Cancer Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11020265. [PMID: 30813457 PMCID: PMC6406837 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11020265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor metastasis is a hallmark of cancer, with distant metastasis frequently developing in lung cancer, even at initial diagnosis, resulting in poor prognosis and high mortality. However, available biomarkers cannot reliably predict cancer spreading sites. The metastatic cascade involves highly complicated processes including invasion, migration, angiogenesis, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition that are tightly controlled by various genetic expression modalities along with interaction between cancer cells and the extracellular matrix. In particular, microRNAs (miRNAs), a group of small non-coding RNAs, can influence the transcriptional and post-transcriptional processes, with dysregulation of miRNA expression contributing to the regulation of cancer metastasis. Nevertheless, although miRNA-targeted therapy is widely studied in vitro and in vivo, this strategy currently affords limited feasibility and a few miRNA-targeted therapies for lung cancer have entered into clinical trials to date. Advances in understanding the molecular mechanism of metastasis will thus provide additional potential targets for lung cancer treatment. This review discusses the current research related to the role of miRNAs in lung cancer invasion and metastasis, with a particular focus on the different metastatic lesions and potential miRNA-targeted treatments for lung cancer with the expectation that further exploration of miRNA-targeted therapy may establish a new spectrum of lung cancer treatments.
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Garcia JP, Stein J, Cai Y, Riemers F, Wexselblatt E, Wengel J, Tryfonidou M, Yayon A, Howard KA, Creemers LB. Fibrin-hyaluronic acid hydrogel-based delivery of antisense oligonucleotides for ADAMTS5 inhibition in co-delivered and resident joint cells in osteoarthritis. J Control Release 2018; 294:247-258. [PMID: 30572032 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
To date no disease-modifying drugs for osteoarthritis (OA) are available, with treatment limited to the use of pain killers and prosthetic replacement. The ADAMTS (A Disintegrin and Metallo Proteinase with Thrombospondin Motifs) enzyme family is thought to be instrumental in the loss of proteoglycans during cartilage degeneration in OA, and their inhibition was shown to reverse osteoarthritic cartilage degeneration. Locked Nucleic Acid (LNA)-modified antisense oligonucleotides (gapmers) released from biomaterial scaffolds for specific and prolonged ADAMTS inhibition in co-delivered and resident chondrocytes, is an attractive therapeutic strategy. Here, a gapmer sequence identified from a gapmer screen showed 90% ADAMTS5 silencing in a monolayer culture of human OA chondrocytes. Incorporation of the gapmer in a fibrin-hyaluronic acid hydrogel exhibited a sustained release profile up to 14 days. Gapmers loaded in hydrogels were able to transfect both co-embedded chondrocytes and chondrocytes in a neighboring gapmer-free hydrogel, as demonstrated by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. Efficient knockdown of ADAMTS5 was shown up to 14 days in both cell populations, i.e. the gapmer-loaded and gapmer-free hydrogel. This work demonstrates the use applicability of a hydrogel as a platform for combined local delivery of chondrocytes and an ADAMTS-targeting gapmer for catabolic gene modulation in OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Pedro Garcia
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Stein
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Yunpeng Cai
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Frank Riemers
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | | | - Jesper Wengel
- Nucleic Acid Center, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | - Marianna Tryfonidou
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | | | - Kenneth A Howard
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Laura B Creemers
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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Emerging ways to treat breast cancer: will promises be met? Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2018; 41:605-621. [PMID: 30259416 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-018-0409-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer among women and it is responsible for more than 40,000 deaths in the United States and more than 500,000 deaths worldwide each year. In previous decades, the development of improved screening, diagnosis and treatment methods has led to decreases in BC mortality rates. More recently, novel targeted therapeutic options, such as the use of monoclonal antibodies and small molecule inhibitors that target specific cancer cell-related components, have been developed. These components include ErbB family members (HER1, HER2, HER3 and HER4), Ras/MAPK pathway components (Ras, Raf, MEK and ERK), VEGF family members (VEGFA, VEGFB, VEGFC, VEGF and PGF), apoptosis and cell cycle regulators (BAK, BAX, BCL-2, BCL-X, MCL-1 and BCL-W, p53 and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway components) and DNA repair pathway components such as BRCA1. In addition, long noncoding RNA inhibitor-, microRNA inhibitor/mimic- and immunotherapy-based approaches are being developed for the treatment of BC. Finally, a novel powerful technique called CRISPR-Cas9-based gene editing is emerging as a precise tool for the targeted treatment of cancer, including BC. CONCLUSIONS Potential new strategies that are designed to specifically target BC are presented. Several clinical trials using these strategies are already in progress and have shown promising results, but inherent limitations such as off-target effects and low delivery efficiencies still have to be resolved. By improving the clinical efficacy of current therapies and exploring new ones, it is anticipated that novel ways to overcome BC may become attainable.
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Hosseinahli N, Aghapour M, Duijf PHG, Baradaran B. Treating cancer with microRNA replacement therapy: A literature review. J Cell Physiol 2018. [PMID: 29521426 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally by interfering with the translation of one or more target mRNAs. The unique miRNA sequences are involved in many physiological and pathological processes. Dysregulation of miRNAs contributes to the pathogenesis of all types of cancer. Notably, the diminished expression of tumor suppressor miRNAs, such as members of the Let-7 and miR-34 family, promotes tumor progression, invasion and metastasis. The past lustrum in particular, has witnessed substantial improvement of miRNA replacement therapy. This approach aims to restore tumor suppressor miRNA function in tumor cells using synthetic miRNA mimics or miRNA expression plasmids. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of recent advances in miRNA replacement therapy for treatment of cancer and its advantages over conventional gene therapy. We discuss a wide variety of delivery methods and vectors, as well as obstacles that remain to be overcome. Lastly, we review efforts to reverse epigenetic alterations, which affect miRNA expression in cancer cells, and the promising observation that restoring miRNA function re-sensitizes resistant tumor cells to chemotherapeutic drugs. The fact that various miRNA replacement therapies are currently in clinical trial demonstrates the great potential of this approach to treat cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayer Hosseinahli
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahyar Aghapour
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Pascal H G Duijf
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Soroosh A, Koutsioumpa M, Pothoulakis C, Iliopoulos D. Functional role and therapeutic targeting of microRNAs in inflammatory bowel disease. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2018; 314:G256-G262. [PMID: 29146677 PMCID: PMC5866423 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00268.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic inflammatory gastrointestinal diseases, primarily consisting of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. The complex nature of the disease, as well as the limited therapeutic options characterized by low efficiency and major side effects, highlights the importance of developing novel strategies of therapeutic intervention in IBD. Susceptibility loci related to IBD are present only in a small percentage of IBD patients, implying that epigenetic modifications could influence the pathogenesis of the disease. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that regulate multiple molecular pathways involved in IBD pathobiology. MiRNA inhibitors targeting the IBD-activated miRNAs could have therapeutic value for IBD patients. This review provides an overview of the recent advances in miRNA biology related to IBD pathogenesis and the pharmacological development of miRNA-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artin Soroosh
- 1Center for Systems Biomedicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Marina Koutsioumpa
- 1Center for Systems Biomedicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Charalabos Pothoulakis
- 2Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Dimitrios Iliopoulos
- 1Center for Systems Biomedicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
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Abstract
The majority of the human genome encodes RNAs that do not code for proteins. These non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) affect normal expression of the genes, including oncogenes and tumour suppressive genes, which make them a new class of targets for drug development in cancer. Although microRNAs (miRNAs) are the most studied regulatory ncRNAs to date, and miRNA-targeted therapeutics have already reached clinical development, including the mimics of the tumour suppressive miRNAs miR-34 and miR-16, which reached phase I clinical trials for the treatment of liver cancer and mesothelioma, the importance of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) is increasingly being recognised. Here, we describe obstacles and advances in the development of ncRNA therapeutics and provide the comprehensive overview of the ncRNA chemistry and delivery technologies. Furthermore, we summarise recent knowledge on the biological functions of miRNAs and their involvement in carcinogenesis, and discuss the strategies of their therapeutic manipulation in cancer. We review also the emerging insights into the role of lncRNAs and their potential as targets for novel treatment paradigms. Finally, we provide the up-to-date summary of clinical trials involving miRNAs and future directions in the development of ncRNA therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondrej Slaby
- Centre for Molecular Medicine, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
- Department of Comprehensive Cancer Care, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Richard Laga
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Sedlacek
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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Abstract
More than six decades ago Watson and Crick published the chemical structure of DNA. This discovery revolutionized our approach to medical science and opened new perspectives for the diagnosis and treatment of many diseases including cancer. Since then, progress in molecular biology, together with the rapid advance of technologies, allowed to clone hundreds of protein-coding genes that were found mutated in all types of cancer. Normal and aberrant gene functions, interactions, and mechanisms of mutations were studied to identify the intricate network of pathways leading to cancer. With the acknowledgment of the genetic nature of cancer, new diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic strategies have been attempted and developed, but very few have found their way in the clinical field. In an effort to identify new translational targets, another great discovery has changed our way to look at genes and their functions. MicroRNAs have been the first noncoding genes involved in cancer. This review is a brief chronological history of microRNAs and cancer. Through the work of few of the greatest scientists of our times, this chapter describes the discovery of microRNAs from C. elegans to their debut in cancer and in the medical field, the concurrent development of technologies, and their future translational applications. The purpose was to share the exciting path that lead to one of the most important discoveries in cancer genetics in the past 20 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Drusco
- Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Carlo M Croce
- Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.
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20
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Roy Chowdhury M, Schumann C, Bhakta-Guha D, Guha G. Cancer nanotheranostics: Strategies, promises and impediments. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 84:291-304. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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21
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Tackling Cancer Stem Cells via Inhibition of EMT Transcription Factors. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:5285892. [PMID: 27840647 PMCID: PMC5093281 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5285892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cell (CSC) has become recognized for its role in both tumorigenesis and poor patient prognosis in recent years. Traditional therapeutics are unable to effectively eliminate this group of cells from the bulk population of cancer cells, allowing CSCs to persist posttreatment and thus propagate into secondary tumors. The therapeutic potential of eliminating CSCs, to decrease tumor relapse, has created a demand for identifying mechanisms that directly target and eliminate cancer stem cells. Molecular profiling has shown that cancer cells and tumors that exhibit the CSC phenotype also express genes associated with the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) feature. Ample evidence has demonstrated that upregulation of master transcription factors (TFs) accounting for the EMT process such as Snail/Slug and Twist can reprogram cancer cells from differentiated to stem-like status. Despite being appealing therapeutic targets for tackling CSCs, pharmacological approaches that directly target EMT-TFs remain impossible. In this review, we will summarize recent advances in the regulation of Snail/Slug and Twist at transcriptional, translational, and posttranslational levels and discuss the clinical implication and application for EMT blockade as a promising strategy for CSC targeting.
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22
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Li X, Nie J, Mei Q, Han WD. MicroRNAs: Novel immunotherapeutic targets in colorectal carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:5317-5331. [PMID: 27340348 PMCID: PMC4910653 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i23.5317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 04/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is one of the most common types of cancer worldwide and the prognosis for CRC patients with recurrence or metastasis is extremely poor. Although chemotherapy and radiation therapy can improve survival, there are still numerous efforts to be performed. Immunotherapy is frequently used, either alone or in combination with other therapies, for the treatment of CRC and is a safe and feasible way to improve CRC treatment. Furthermore, the significance of the immune system in the biology of CRC has been demonstrated by retrospective assessments of immune infiltrates in resected CRC tumors. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, non-coding RNAs that can regulate multiple target genes at the post-transcriptional level and play critical roles in cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. MiRNAs are required for normal immune system development and function. Nevertheless, aberrant expression of miRNAs is often observed in various tumor types and leads to immune disorders or immune evasion. The immunomodulatory function of miRNAs indicates that miRNAs may ultimately be part of the portfolio of anti-cancer targets. Herein, we will review the potential roles of miRNAs in the regulation of the immune response in CRC and then move on to discuss how to utilize different miRNA targets to treat CRC. We also provide an overview of the major limitations and challenges of using miRNAs as immunotherapeutic targets.
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23
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Targeting MicroRNAs Involved in the BDNF Signaling Impairment in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Neuromolecular Med 2016; 18:540-550. [DOI: 10.1007/s12017-016-8407-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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24
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A new approach to the synthesis of ligands of asialoglycoprotein receptor for targeted delivery of oligonucleotides to hepatocytes. Russ Chem Bull 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-015-1056-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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25
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miR-29s: a family of epi-miRNAs with therapeutic implications in hematologic malignancies. Oncotarget 2016; 6:12837-61. [PMID: 25968566 PMCID: PMC4536984 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A wealth of studies has highlighted the biological complexity of hematologic malignancies and the role of dysregulated signal transduction pathways. Along with the crucial role of genetic abnormalities, epigenetic aberrations are nowadays emerging as relevant players in cancer development, and significant research efforts are currently focusing on mechanisms by which histone post-translational modifications, DNA methylation and noncoding RNAs contribute to the pathobiology of cancer. As a consequence, these studies have provided the rationale for the development of epigenetic drugs, such as histone deacetylase inhibitors and demethylating compounds, some of which are currently in advanced phase of pre-clinical investigation or in clinical trials. In addition, a more recent body of evidence indicates that microRNAs (miRNAs) might target effectors of the epigenetic machinery, which are aberrantly expressed or active in cancers, thus reverting those epigenetic abnormalities driving tumor initiation and progression. This review will focus on the broad epigenetic activity triggered by members of the miR-29 family, which underlines the potential of miR-29s as candidate epi-therapeutics for the treatment of hematologic malignancies.
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Liu C, Wang S, Zhu S, Wang H, Gu J, Gui Z, Jing J, Hou X, Shao Y. MAP3K1-targeting therapeutic artificial miRNA suppresses the growth and invasion of breast cancer in vivo and in vitro. SPRINGERPLUS 2016; 5:11. [PMID: 26759750 PMCID: PMC4700027 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-015-1597-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Recent investigations have highlighted that therapeutic artificial microRNAs could be promising candidates for cancer therapy through the modulation of tumor promoter or suppressor. MEK kinase 1 (MEKK1) is expressed by mitogen-activated kinase kinase kinase 1 (MAP3K1), an important kinase that links Ras activation to MAPK signaling. In the present study, we showed that synthetic MAP3K1-targeting artificial miRNA may provide considerable beneficial effects in the prevention of breast cancer growth and metastasis. We showed that MEKK1 was highly expressed in human breast cancer specimens, compared with adjacent normal tissues. Using a miRNA-expressing lentivirus system, we delivered a artificial miRNA (Map3k1 amiRNA) that targets MAP3K1 into 4T1 breast cancer cells and investigated the impact of MAP3K1-targeting miRNA on the growth and invasive behavior of breast cancer in vitro and in vivo. We found that overexpression of Map3k1 amiRNA led to impaired activities of p-ERK and p-p38. In addition, Map3k1 amiRNA induced marked proliferative impairment and invasive attenuation in breast cancer cells. However, Map3k1 amiRNA did not have evident influence on the apoptotic response of 4T1 cells. Moreover, using in vivo nude mice model, we identified that Map3k1 amiRNA attenuated tumor growth and lung metastasis of breast cancer cells. Taken together, our findings explicitly indicated that MEKK1 exerted important oncogenic property in breast cancer development, and MAP3K1-targeting artificial miRNA may provide promising therapeutic effects in the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Liu
- Laboratory animal center of Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu People's Republic of China
| | - Shengjie Wang
- Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, 88 Chunhui Road, Lianyungang, Jiangsu People's Republic of China
| | - Shunxing Zhu
- Laboratory animal center of Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu People's Republic of China
| | - Haifeng Wang
- Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, 88 Chunhui Road, Lianyungang, Jiangsu People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayi Gu
- Laboratory animal center of Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu People's Republic of China
| | - Zeping Gui
- Laboratory animal center of Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Jing
- Laboratory animal center of Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofan Hou
- Laboratory animal center of Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu People's Republic of China
| | - Yixiang Shao
- Laboratory animal center of Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu People's Republic of China
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Wyrozumska P, Meissner J, Toporkiewicz M, Szarawarska M, Kuliczkowski K, Ugorski M, Walasek MA, Sikorski AF. Liposome-coated lipoplex-based carrier for antisense oligonucleotides. Cancer Biol Ther 2015; 16:66-76. [PMID: 25482931 PMCID: PMC4329851 DOI: 10.4161/15384047.2014.987009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The chemical nature of genetic drugs (e.g. antisense oligonucleotides, siRNA, vectors) requires a suitable carrier system to protect them from enzymatic degradation without changing their properties and enable efficient delivery into target cells. Lipid vectors for nucleic acid delivery that have been widely investigated for years can be very effective. As the majority of attempts made in the field of cancer gene therapy have focused on solid tumors, while blood cancer cells have attracted less attention, the latter became the subject of our investigation. The lipid carrier proposed here is based on liposomes constructed by others but the lipid composition is original. A liposome-coated lipoplex (L-cL) consists of a core arising from complexation of positively charged lipid and negatively charged oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) or plasmid DNA coated by a neutral or anionic lipid bilayer. Moreover, our lipid vector demonstrates size stability and is able to retain a high content of enclosed plasmid DNA or antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (asODNs). Observed transfection efficacies of the tested preparation using a plasmid coding for fluorescent protein were up to 60-85% of examined leukemia cells (Jurkat T and HL-60 lines) in the absence or the presence of serum. When BCL‑2 asODN was encapsulated in the L-cL, specific silencing of this gene product at both the mRNA and protein level and also a markedly decreased cell survival rate were observed in vitro. Moreover, biodistribution analysis in mice indicates prolonged circulation characteristic for PEG-modified liposomal carriers. Experiments on tumor-engrafted animals indicate substantial inhibition of tumor growth.
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Key Words
- AML, acute myeloid leukemia
- BCL-2 gene
- Bcl-2, B-cell lymphoma 2 protein
- CCL, coated cationic liposomes
- DC-CHOL, 3β-(N-[dimethylaminoethane]carbamoyl)cholesterol) DiD-1,1′, dioctadecyl-3,3,3′, 3′-tetramethylindodicarbocyanine
- DOPE, 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine)
- DOTAP, 1, 2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane)
- DSPE, PEG-(1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[amino(polyethylene glycol)2000] (ammonium salt)
- GFP, green fluorescent protein
- HPC, hydrogenated egg phosphatidylcholine)
- L-cL, liposome-coated lipoplex
- PE/PC, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine liposomes
- acute leukemia
- antisense deoxynucleotides
- asODN, antisense oligodeoxynucleotide
- cationic lipids
- gene therapy
- lipid carrier
- lipoplex
- liposome coated lipoplex
- pDNA, plasmid DNA
- siRNA, small interferingRNA TGI, tumor growth inhibition
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Wyrozumska
- a Laboratory of Cytobiochemistry; Biotechnology Faculty ; University of Wrocław ; Wrocław , Poland
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Ragusa M, Barbagallo C, Statello L, Condorelli AG, Battaglia R, Tamburello L, Barbagallo D, Di Pietro C, Purrello M. Non-coding landscapes of colorectal cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:11709-11739. [PMID: 26556998 PMCID: PMC4631972 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i41.11709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
For two decades Vogelstein’s model has been the paradigm for describing the sequence of molecular changes within protein-coding genes that would lead to overt colorectal cancer (CRC). This model is now too simplistic in the light of recent studies, which have shown that our genome is pervasively transcribed in RNAs other than mRNAs, denominated non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). The discovery that mutations in genes encoding these RNAs [i.e., microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs, and circular RNAs] are causally involved in cancer phenotypes has profoundly modified our vision of tumour molecular genetics and pathobiology. By exploiting a wide range of different mechanisms, ncRNAs control fundamental cellular processes, such as proliferation, differentiation, migration, angiogenesis and apoptosis: these data have also confirmed their role as oncogenes or tumor suppressors in cancer development and progression. The existence of a sophisticated RNA-based regulatory system, which dictates the correct functioning of protein-coding networks, has relevant biological and biomedical consequences. Different miRNAs involved in neoplastic and degenerative diseases exhibit potential predictive and prognostic properties. Furthermore, the key roles of ncRNAs make them very attractive targets for innovative therapeutic approaches. Several recent reports have shown that ncRNAs can be secreted by cells into the extracellular environment (i.e., blood and other body fluids): this suggests the existence of extracellular signalling mechanisms, which may be exploited by cells in physiology and pathology. In this review, we will summarize the most relevant issues on the involvement of cellular and extracellular ncRNAs in disease. We will then specifically describe their involvement in CRC pathobiology and their translational applications to CRC diagnosis, prognosis and therapy.
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29
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Cava C, Bertoli G, Castiglioni I. Integrating genetics and epigenetics in breast cancer: biological insights, experimental, computational methods and therapeutic potential. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2015; 9:62. [PMID: 26391647 PMCID: PMC4578257 DOI: 10.1186/s12918-015-0211-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Development of human cancer can proceed through the accumulation of different genetic changes affecting the structure and function of the genome. Combined analyses of molecular data at multiple levels, such as DNA copy-number alteration, mRNA and miRNA expression, can clarify biological functions and pathways deregulated in cancer. The integrative methods that are used to investigate these data involve different fields, including biology, bioinformatics, and statistics. RESULTS These methodologies are presented in this review, and their implementation in breast cancer is discussed with a focus on integration strategies. We report current applications, recent studies and interesting results leading to the identification of candidate biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy in breast cancer by using both individual and combined analyses. CONCLUSION This review presents a state of art of the role of different technologies in breast cancer based on the integration of genetics and epigenetics, and shares some issues related to the new opportunities and challenges offered by the application of such integrative approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Cava
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology (IBFM), National Research Council (CNR), Milan, Italy.
| | - Gloria Bertoli
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology (IBFM), National Research Council (CNR), Milan, Italy.
| | - Isabella Castiglioni
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology (IBFM), National Research Council (CNR), Milan, Italy.
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30
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Williams A, Staroseletz Y, Zenkova MA, Jeannin L, Aojula H, Bichenkova EV. Peptidyl-oligonucleotide conjugates demonstrate efficient cleavage of RNA in a sequence-specific manner. Bioconjug Chem 2015; 26:1129-43. [PMID: 25955796 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.5b00193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Described here is a new class of peptidyl-oligonucleotide conjugates (POCs) which show efficient cleavage of a target RNA in a sequence-specific manner. Through phosphoramidate attachment of a 17-mer TΨC-targeting oligonucleotide to amphiphilic peptide sequences containing leucine, arginine, and glycine, zero-linker conjugates are created which exhibit targeted phosphodiester cleavage under physiological conditions. tRNA(Phe) from brewer's yeast was used as a model target sequence in order to probe different structural variants of POCs in terms of selective TΨC-arm directed cleavage. Almost quantitative (97-100%) sequence-specific tRNA cleavage is observed for several POCs over a 24 h period with a reaction half-life of less than 1 h. Nontargeted cleavage of tRNA(Phe) or HIV-1 RNA is absent. Structure-activity relationships reveal that removal of the peptide's central glycine residue significantly decreases tRNA cleavage activity; however, this can be entirely restored through replacement of the peptide's C-terminal carboxylic acid group with the carboxamide functionality. Truncation of the catalytic peptide also has a detrimental effect on POC activity. Based on the encouraging results presented, POCs could be further developed with the aim of creating useful tools for molecular biology or novel therapeutics targeting specific messenger, miRNA, and genomic viral RNA sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aled Williams
- †Manchester Pharmacy School, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, United Kingdom, M13 9PT
| | - Yaroslav Staroseletz
- ‡Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, 8 Laurentiev Avenue, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Marina A Zenkova
- ‡Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, 8 Laurentiev Avenue, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Laurent Jeannin
- §Peptisyntha S.A., 310 Rue de Ransbeek, 1120 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Harmesh Aojula
- †Manchester Pharmacy School, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, United Kingdom, M13 9PT
| | - Elena V Bichenkova
- †Manchester Pharmacy School, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, United Kingdom, M13 9PT
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Venuganti VVK, Saraswathy M, Dwivedi C, Kaushik RS, Perumal OP. Topical gene silencing by iontophoretic delivery of an antisense oligonucleotide-dendrimer nanocomplex: the proof of concept in a skin cancer mouse model. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:3903-3914. [PMID: 25436837 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr05241b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The study was aimed at investigating the feasibility of using a poly (amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimer as a carrier for topical iontophoretic delivery of an antisense oligonucleotide (ASO). Bcl-2, an anti-apoptotic protein implicated in skin cancer, was used as the model target protein to demonstrate the topical gene silencing approach. Confocal laser scanning microscopy studies demonstrated that the iontophoretically delivered ASO-dendrimer complex can reach the viable epidermis in porcine skin. In contrast, passively delivered free or dendrimer complexed ASO was mainly localized to the stratum corneum. The cell uptake of ASO was significantly enhanced by the dendrimer complex and the complex suppressed Bcl-2 levels in the cell. In the skin cancer mouse model, the iontophoretically delivered ASO-dendrimer complex reduced the tumor volume by 45% and was consistent with the reduction in Bcl-2 protein levels. The iontophoretically delivered ASO-dendrimer complex caused significant apoptosis in skin tumor. Overall, the findings from this study demonstrate that dendrimers are promising nanocarriers for developing topical gene silencing approaches for skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkata Vamsi K Venuganti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA.
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Abstract
The mir-34 family was originally cloned and characterized in 2007 as a p53 target gene. Almost immediately it became clear that its major role is as a master regulator of tumor suppression. Indeed, when overexpressed, it directly and indirectly represses several oncogenes, resulting in an increase of cancer cell death (including cancer stem cells), and in an inhibition of metastasis. Moreover, its expression is deregulated in several human cancers. In 2013, a miR-34 mimic has become the first microRNA to reach phase 1 clinical trials. Here we review the miR-34 family and their role in tumor biology, and discuss the potential therapeutic applications of miR-34a mimic.
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Şahin B, Fife J, Parmar MB, Valencia-Serna J, Gul-Uludağ H, Jiang X, Weinfeld M, Lavasanifar A, Uludağ H. siRNA therapy in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma cells using polymeric carriers. Biomaterials 2014; 35:9382-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Mei Q, Li X, Guo M, Fu X, Han W. The miRNA network: micro-regulator of cell signaling in cancer. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2014; 14:1515-27. [PMID: 25163801 DOI: 10.1586/14737140.2014.953935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The dysregulation of cell signaling plays a pivotal role in tumorigenesis and progression. miRNAs have been linked to almost all known aspects of physiological and pathological processes. It is well known that the miRNA network is linked at several and unexpected levels with cancer-related signaling pathways. Our understanding of the roles and regulation of the miRNA network has been extended to include classical cell signaling, termed miRNA network complements cell signaling in cancer. As a transcription factor, tumor suppressor p53 plays a central role in tumor prevention. Recent studies have demonstrated that miRNAs may regulate the expression of the p53 pathway or be regulated by the p53 pathway. These findings added a new and challenging layer of complexity to the p53 pathway and prompted us to contemplate the use of the compensatory mechanisms in therapeutics against cancer. In this review, we have therefore summarized the p53 tumor suppressive pathway as a typical paradigm to elucidate the advances of the compensatory mechanisms. We then go on to critically discuss how the compensatory mechanisms can be used to enable better cancer diagnosis and prognosis and to serve as potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Mei
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
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35
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Alsidawi S, Malek E, Driscoll JJ. MicroRNAs in brain metastases: potential role as diagnostics and therapeutics. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:10508-26. [PMID: 24921708 PMCID: PMC4100165 DOI: 10.3390/ijms150610508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain metastases remain a daunting adversary that negatively impact patient survival. Metastatic brain tumors affect up to 45% of all cancer patients with systemic cancer and account for ~20% of all cancer-related deaths. A complex network of non-coding RNA molecules, microRNAs (miRNAs), regulate tumor metastasis. The brain micro-environment modulates metastatic tumor growth; however, defining the precise genetic events that promote metastasis in the brain niche represents an important, unresolved problem. Understanding these events will reveal disease-based targets and offer effective strategies to treat brain metastases. Effective therapeutic strategies based upon the biology of brain metastases represent an urgent, unmet need with immediate potential for clinical impact. Studies have demonstrated the ability of miRNAs to distinguish normal from cancerous cells, primary from secondary brain tumors, and correctly categorize metastatic brain tumor tissue of origin based solely on miRNA profiles. Interestingly, manipulation of miRNAs has proven effective in cancer treatment. With the promise of reduced toxicity, increased efficacy and individually directed personalized anti-cancer therapy, using miRNA in the treatment of metastatic brain tumors may prove very useful and improve patient outcome. In this review, we focus on the potential of miRNAs as diagnostic and therapeutic targets for the treatment of metastatic brain lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samer Alsidawi
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.
| | - Ehsan Malek
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.
| | - James J Driscoll
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.
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Shah MY, Calin GA. MicroRNAs as therapeutic targets in human cancers. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-RNA 2014; 5:537-48. [PMID: 24687772 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Revised: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are evolutionarily conserved, small, regulatory RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression. Extensive research in the last decade has implicated miRNAs as master regulators of cellular processes with essential role in cancer initiation, progression, and metastasis, making them promising therapeutic tools for cancer management. In this article, we will briefly review the structure, biogenesis, functions, and mechanism of action of these miRNAs, followed by a detailed analysis of the therapeutic potential of these miRNAs. We will focus on the strategies presently used for miRNA therapy; discuss their use and drawbacks; and the challenges and future directions for the development of miRNA-based therapy for human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maitri Y Shah
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Rothschild SI. microRNA therapies in cancer. MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR THERAPIES 2014; 2:7. [PMID: 26056576 PMCID: PMC4452061 DOI: 10.1186/2052-8426-2-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) are a family of small non-coding RNA species that have been implicated in the control of many fundamental cellular and physiological processes such as cellular differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis and stem cell maintenance. miRNAs regulate gene expression by the sequence-selective targeting of mRNAs, leading to translational repression or mRNA degradation. Some microRNAs have been categorized as “oncomiRs” as opposed to “tumor suppressor miRs” Modulating the miRNA activities may provide exciting opportunities for cancer therapy. This review highlights the latest discovery of miRNAs involved in carcinogenesis as well as the potential applications of miRNA regulations in cancer treatment. Several studies have demonstrated the feasibility of restoring tumor suppressive miRNAs and targeting oncogenic miRNAs for cancer therapy using in vivo model systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sacha I Rothschild
- Department Internal Medicine, Medical Oncology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Joly JP, Mata G, Eldin P, Briant L, Fontaine-Vive F, Duca M, Benhida R. Artificial Nucleobase-Amino Acid Conjugates: A New Class of TAR RNA Binding Agents. Chemistry 2014; 20:2071-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201303664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Xie J, Li X, Jiang CJ, Lee RJG, Zhou YL, Teng LS. Novel PLGA microspheres for sustained delivery of antisense oligonucleotide. Chem Res Chin Univ 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-013-3127-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Zhang H, Shykind B, Sun T. Approaches to manipulating microRNAs in neurogenesis. Front Neurosci 2013; 6:196. [PMID: 23335878 PMCID: PMC3547386 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2012.00196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurogenesis in the nervous system is regulated by both protein coding genes and non-coding RNA molecules. microRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous small non-coding RNAs and usually negatively regulate gene expression by binding to the 3′ untranslated region (3′UTR) of target messenger RNAs (mRNAs). miRNAs have been shown to play an essential role in neurogenesis, regulating neuronal proliferation, differentiation, maturation, and migration. An important strategy used to reveal miRNA function is the manipulation of their expression levels and patterns in specific regions and cell types in the nervous system. In this review we will systemically highlight established and new approaches used to achieve gain-of-function and loss-of-function of miRNAs in vitro and in vivo, and will also summarize miRNA delivery techniques. As the development of these leading edge techniques come online, more exciting discoveries of the roles miRNAs play in neural development and function will be uncovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijun Zhang
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University New York, NY, USA
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41
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Miele E, Spinelli GP, Miele E, Di Fabrizio E, Ferretti E, Tomao S, Gulino A. Nanoparticle-based delivery of small interfering RNA: challenges for cancer therapy. Int J Nanomedicine 2012; 7:3637-57. [PMID: 22915840 PMCID: PMC3418108 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s23696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
During recent decades there have been remarkable advances and profound changes in cancer therapy. Many therapeutic strategies learned at the bench, including monoclonal antibodies and small molecule inhibitors, have been used at the bedside, leading to important successes. One of the most important advances in biology has been the discovery that small interfering RNA (siRNA) is able to regulate the expression of genes, by a phenomenon known as RNA interference (RNAi). RNAi is one of the most rapidly growing fields of research in biology and therapeutics. Much research effort has gone into the application of this new discovery in the treatment of various diseases, including cancer. However, even though these molecules may have potential and strong utility, some limitations make their clinical application difficult, including delivery problems, side effects due to off-target actions, disturbance of physiological functions of the cellular machinery involved in gene silencing, and induction of the innate immune response. Many researchers have attempted to overcome these limitations and to improve the safety of potential RNAi-based therapeutics. Nanoparticles, which are nanostructured entities with tunable size, shape, and surface, as well as biological behavior, provide an ideal opportunity to modify current treatment regimens in a substantial way. These nanoparticles could be designed to surmount one or more of the barriers encountered by siRNA. Nanoparticle drug formulations afford the chance to improve drug bioavailability, exploiting superior tissue permeability, payload protection, and the “stealth” features of these entities. The main aims of this review are: to explain the siRNA mechanism with regard to potential applications in siRNA-based cancer therapy; to discuss the possible usefulness of nanoparticle-based delivery of certain molecules for overcoming present therapeutic limitations; to review the ongoing relevant clinical research with its pitfalls and promises; and to evaluate critically future perspectives and challenges in siRNA-based cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelina Miele
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Lipid-based nanoparticle delivery of Pre-miR-107 inhibits the tumorigenicity of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Mol Ther 2012; 20:1261-9. [PMID: 22491216 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2012.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most prevalent cancer worldwide with about 600,000 new cases diagnosed in the last year. Our laboratory showed that miR-107 expression is reduced and functions as a tumor suppressor gene in HNSCC suggesting the potential application of miR-107 as a novel anticancer therapeutic. In this study, we determined the efficiency and efficacy of cationic lipid nanoparticles to deliver pre-miR-107 (NP/pre-miR-107) in HNSCC cells in vitro and in vivo. NP/pre-miR-107 increased delivery of miR-107 into HNSCC cells by greater than 80,000-fold compared to free pre-miR-107. Levels of known miR-107 targets, protein kinase Cε (PKCε), cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (CDK6), and hypoxia-inducible factor 1-β (HIF1-β), decreased following NP/pre-miR-107 treatment. Clonogenic survival, cell invasion, and cell migration of HNSCC cells was inhibited with NP/pre-miR-107. Moreover, NP/pre-miR-107 reduced the cancer-initiating cell (CIC) population and dampened the expression of the core embryonic stem cell transcription factors, Nanog, Oct3/4, and Sox2. In a preclinical mouse model of HNSCC, systemic administration of NP/pre-miR-107 significantly retarded tumor growth by 45.2% compared to NP/pre-miR-control (P < 0.005, n = 7). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed a survival advantage for the NP/pre-miR-107 treatment group (P = 0.017). Our results demonstrate that cationic lipid nanoparticles are an effective carrier approach to deliver therapeutic miRs to HNSCC.
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Abstract
The chemistry of the oligonucleotide backbone is crucial to obtaining high activity in vivo in exon skipping applications. Apart from the ability to bind strongly and sequence-specifically to pre-mRNA targets, the type of backbone also influences cell delivery, in vivo pharmacology, bio-distribution, toxicology, and ultimately the therapeutic use in humans. Reviewed here are classes of oligonucleotide commonly used for exon skipping applications, namely negatively charged backbones typified by RNA analogues having 2'-O-substitution and a phosphorothioate linkage and charge-neutral backbones such as PNA and PMO. Also discussed are peptide conjugates of PNA and PMO that enhance cellular and in vivo delivery and their potential for drug development. Finally, the prospects for development of other analogue types in exon skipping applications are outlined.
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Hagigit T, Abdulrazik M, Valamanesh F, Behar-Cohen F, Benita S. Ocular antisense oligonucleotide delivery by cationic nanoemulsion for improved treatment of ocular neovascularization: an in-vivo study in rats and mice. J Control Release 2011; 160:225-31. [PMID: 22138070 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2011] [Revised: 11/15/2011] [Accepted: 11/18/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
The efficacy of an antisense oligonucleotide (ODN17) cationic nanoemulsion directed at VEGF-R2 to reduce neovascularization was evaluated using rat corneal neovascularization and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) mouse models. Application of saline solution or scrambled ODN17 solution on eyes of rats led to the highest extent of corneal neovascularization. The groups treated with blank nanoemulsion or scrambled ODN17 nanoemulsion showed moderate inhibition in corneal neovascularization with no significant difference with the saline and scrambled ODN17 control solution groups, while the groups treated with ODN17 solution or Avastin® (positive ODN17 control) clearly elicited marked significant inhibition in corneal neovascularization confirming the results reported in the literature. The highest significant corneal neovascularization inhibition efficiency was noted in the groups treated with ODN17 nanoemulsion (topical and subconjunctivally). However, in the ROP mouse model, the ODN17 in PBS induced a 34% inhibition of retinal neovascularization when compared to the aqueous-vehicle-injected eyes. A significantly higher inhibition of vitreal neovascularization (64%) was observed in the group of eyes treated with ODN17 nanoemulsion. No difference in extent of neovascularization was observed between blank nanoemulsion, scrambled ODN17 nanoemulsion, vehicle or non-treated eyes. The overall results indicate that cationic nanoemulsion can be considered a promising potential ocular delivery system and an effective therapeutic tool of high clinical significance in the prevention and forthcoming treatment of ocular neovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tal Hagigit
- The Institute for Drug Research, The School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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45
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Caporali A, Emanueli C. MicroRNA regulation in angiogenesis. Vascul Pharmacol 2011; 55:79-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2011.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2011] [Revised: 06/25/2011] [Accepted: 06/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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46
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Roukos DH. Measurable evidence of miRNAs as regulators of cancer networks and therapeutic targets. Expert Rev Med Devices 2011; 8:123-6. [PMID: 21381902 DOI: 10.1586/erd.11.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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47
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Saleem A, Matthews JC, Ranson M, Callies S, André V, Lahn M, Dickinson C, Prenant C, Brown G, McMahon A, Talbot D, Jones T, Price PM. Molecular Imaging and Pharmacokinetic Analysis of Carbon-11 Labeled Antisense Oligonucleotide LY2181308 in Cancer Patients. Am J Cancer Res 2011; 1:290-301. [PMID: 21772926 PMCID: PMC3139194 DOI: 10.7150/thno/v01p0290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2011] [Accepted: 05/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) have potential as anti-cancer agents by specifically modulating genes involved in tumorigenesis. However, little is known about ASO biodistribution and tissue pharmacokinetics (PKs) in humans, including whether sufficient delivery to target tumor tissue may be achieved. In this preliminary study in human subjects, we used combined positron emission and computed tomography (PET-CT) imaging and subsequent modeling analysis of acquired dynamic data, to examine the in vivo biodistribution and PK properties of LY2181308 - a second generation ASO which targets the apoptosis inhibitor protein survivin. Following radiolabeling of LY2181308 with methylated carbon-11 ([(11)C]methylated-LY2181308), micro-doses (<1mg) were administered to three patients with solid tumors enrolled in a phase I trial. Moderate uptake of [(11)C]methylated-LY2181308 was observed in tumors (mean=32.5ng*h /mL, per mg administered intravenously). Highest uptake was seen in kidney and liver and lowest uptake was seen in lung and muscle. One patient underwent repeat analysis on day 15 of multiple dose therapy, during administration of LY2181308 (750mg), when altered tissue PKs and a favorable change in biodistribution was seen. [(11)C]methylated-LY2181308 exposure increased in tumor, lung and muscle, whereas renal and hepatic exposure decreased. This suggests that biological barriers to ASO tumor uptake seen at micro-doses were overcome by therapeutic dosing. In addition, (18)F-labeled fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) scans carried out in the same patient before and after treatment showed up to 40% decreased tumor metabolism. For the development of anti-cancer ASOs, the results provide evidence of LY2181308 tumor tissue delivery and add valuable in vivo pharmacological information. For the development of novel therapeutic agents in general, the study exemplifies the merits of applying PET imaging methodology early in clinical investigations.
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48
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Hoffman EP, Bronson A, Levin AA, Takeda S, Yokota T, Baudy AR, Connor EM. Restoring dystrophin expression in duchenne muscular dystrophy muscle progress in exon skipping and stop codon read through. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2011; 179:12-22. [PMID: 21703390 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2011.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2011] [Accepted: 03/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The identification of the Duchenne muscular dystrophy gene and protein in the late 1980s led to high hopes of rapid translation to molecular therapeutics. These hopes were fueled by early reports of delivering new functional genes to dystrophic muscle in mouse models using gene therapy and stem cell transplantation. However, significant barriers have thwarted translation of these approaches to true therapies, including insufficient therapeutic material (eg, cells and viral vectors), challenges in systemic delivery, and immunological hurdles. An alternative approach is to repair the patient's own gene. Two innovative small-molecule approaches have emerged as front-line molecular therapeutics: exon skipping and stop codon read through. Both approaches are in human clinical trials and aim to coax dystrophin protein production from otherwise inactive mutant genes. In the clinically severe dog model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, the exon-skipping approach recently improved multiple functional outcomes. We discuss the status of these two methods aimed at inducing de novo dystrophin production from mutant genes and review implications for other disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric P Hoffman
- Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Children’s National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Ave NW, Washington, DC 20010, USA.
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Micro-RNA Expression and Function in Lymphomas. Adv Hematol 2011; 2011:347137. [PMID: 21461378 PMCID: PMC3063410 DOI: 10.1155/2011/347137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2010] [Revised: 12/27/2010] [Accepted: 01/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent discovery of microRNAs (miRNAs) has introduced a new layer of complexity to the process of gene regulation. MiRNAs are essential for cellular function, and their dysregulation often results in disease. Study of miRNA expression and function in animal models and human lymphomas has improved our knowledge of the pathogenesis of this heterogeneous disease. In this paper, we attempt to describe the expression of miRNAs and their function in lymphomas and discuss potential miRNA-based therapies in the diagnosis and treatment of lymphomas.
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50
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) are short synthetic single-stranded DNA sequences that bind to and induce the cleavage of homologous stretches of mRNA sequences. These result in targeted destruction of mRNA and correction of genetic aberrations. ASOs thus can act as drug molecules and potentially rectify many disease conditions. The broad range of applications reported in the literature highlights the advances in the field. AREAS COVERED This review covers different areas in which use of ASOs has been shown to have therapeutic effects. Some drugs in different stages of preclinical and clinical trials are discussed in detail. The problems faced and the strategies to surmount them are also described. The readers will gain an understanding of the recent developments in the field of ASOs with emphasis on their therapeutic applications. They will also become aware of the different strategies used for targeted delivery of ASOs and their stabilization, which may be useful for their work in this field, or in the area of nucleic acid therapeutics in general. EXPERT OPINION The design and application of ASOs for recognition of target mRNA sequences have become a fairly straightforward protocol. The main problem lies in designing ASOs which are stable in in vivo milieu. The delivery and bioavailability of the oligonucleotide to the site of action continue to be hurdles in the development of ASOs and therapeutic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravinder Malik
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Department of Biotechnology , Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 160 062 , India
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