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Influence of the punch shape on the core and shell structure of press-coated tablets. Int J Pharm 2022; 623:121930. [PMID: 35716982 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Press-coated tablets are a key technology to achieve delayed releases in chronotherapeutics. The drug release properties of this kind of tablets are linked to its unique core-shell structure. It is thus important to understand the influence of the process parameters on this structure. As different shapes can be used in the industry, we focused, in this study, on understanding the influence of punch shape on the final structure of a press-coated tablet. Experiments were performed using flat, bevel-edged and concave punches for the coating-compression to study the effect of the punch shape on the final properties of the core but also on the density distribution in the shell. The experiments were supported by numerical simulation to understand the mechanical effects in the powder compression process. It was found that the radial and axial stress state in the shell and in the core during compression is very dependent on the punch shape. The use of concave punches results in a more hydrostatic stress state compared to flat punches. The consequences on the structure are a more homogenous shell and less deformation of the core, which confirms that the tooling shape is a critical parameter to consider for the production of press-coated tablets.
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2
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Bar N, Sobel JA, Penzel T, Shamay Y, Behar JA. From sleep medicine to medicine during sleep-a clinical perspective. Physiol Meas 2021; 42. [PMID: 33794516 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6579/abf47c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Objective. In this perspective paper, we aim to highlight the potential of sleep as an auspicious time for diagnosis, management and therapy of non-sleep-specific pathologies.Approach. Sleep has a profound influence on the physiology of body systems and biological processes. Molecular studies have shown circadian-regulated shifts in protein expression patterns across human tissues, further emphasizing the unique functional, behavioral and pharmacokinetic landscape of sleep. Thus, many pathological processes are also expected to exhibit sleep-specific manifestations. Modern advances in biosensor technologies have enabled remote, non-invasive recording of a growing number of physiologic parameters and biomarkers promoting the detection and study of such processes.Main results. Here, we introduce key clinical studies in selected medical fields, which leveraged novel technologies and the advantageous period of sleep to diagnose, monitor and treat pathologies. Studies demonstrate that sleep is an ideal time frame for the collection of long and clean physiological time series data which can then be analyzed using data-driven algorithms such as deep learning.Significance.This new paradigm proposes opportunities to further harness modern technologies to explore human health and disease during sleep and to advance the development of novel clinical applications - from sleep medicine to medicine during sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitai Bar
- Israel Department of Radiology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Jonathan A Sobel
- Biomedical Engineering Faculty, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Thomas Penzel
- Interdisciplinary Center of Sleep Medicine, Charite University Medicine Berlin, Chariteplatz 1, D-10117 Berlin, Germany.,Saratov State University, Saratov, Russia
| | - Yosi Shamay
- Biomedical Engineering Faculty, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Joachim A Behar
- Biomedical Engineering Faculty, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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3
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Preparation and release properties of arbutin imprinted inulin/polyvinyl alcohol biomaterials. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 161:763-770. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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4
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Challenges in technology of bilayer and multi-layer tablets: a mini-review. CURRENT ISSUES IN PHARMACY AND MEDICAL SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/cipms-2019-0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Bilayer and multi-layer tablets are enjoying growing popularity among original drug and generic product manufacturers. Multi-layer tablets have many key benefits compared to classic immediate-release tablets. The use of such solid oral dosage forms simplifies dosing regimens in combination therapy, and thus improves patient compliance. However, the technology of multilayer tablets is demanding and requires precise choice of excipients and production parameters with regard to each technological step. The main benefits of multi-layer tablets, certain aspects of their production and the challenges encountered during the compression process are reviewed in this paper.
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Controlled nanoparticle synthesis of Ag/Fe co-doped hydroxyapatite system for cancer cell treatment. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 98:311-323. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.12.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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6
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Use of cassava starch nanocrystals to make a robust rupturable pulsatile release pellet. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2018.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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7
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A new design for a chronological release profile of etodolac from coated bilayer tablets: In-vitro and in-vivo assessment. J Adv Res 2018; 15:37-47. [PMID: 30581611 PMCID: PMC6300462 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bilayer tablet formulation of etodolac was formulated with a fast and a sustained release layers. Compression of optimized fast and sustained release layers into a bilayer tablet. Three successive coating layers of Opadry®, HPMC and Surelease® were applied on bilayer tablet. In-vitro dissolution showed a lag time of 4 h followed by a prolonged release over 24 h. Optimized formulation showed a prolonged anti inflammatory effect in rats.
Repeated dose medication usually maximizes adverse effects, while sustained release systems did not offer a fast onset of action. Etodolac was formulated to enable pulsatile and sustained drug release, which was chronologically more suitable as an anti-inflammatory drug. Eudragit® RSPO, Eudragit® RLPO, and HPMC K15M were added in the sustained release layer and tried in different ratios. Croscarmellose sodium or sodium starch glycolate were used as superdisintegrants for the fast release layer offering the loading dose for rapid onset of drug action. Bilayer tablets were successively coated with Opadry®II, HPMC K4M and E5 (1:40), and Surelease®. All formulations complied with the Pharmacopeial standards for post-compression parameters. In-vitro release profile illustrated a lag-time of 4 h followed by a rapid loading dose release for 2 h. A prolonged steady state release with a t1/2 of 11 h lastly occurred. The coated bilayer tablet showed pulsatile and sustained release effects in rats. The licking time and swelling degree were tested and results demonstrated significant difference (P < 0.05) between the sustained anti-inflammatory action of formulation C1 compared to other groups. Therefore the new chronological design could provide a consistent drug release over 24 h with good protection against associated symptoms of gastric release.
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Chen K, Wang Y, Gai X, Wang H, Li Y, Wen H, Pan W, Yang X. Design of a Time-Controlled Pulsatile Release System for Propranolol Using the Dry-Coated Method: In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation. AAPS PharmSciTech 2017; 18:2683-2690. [PMID: 28281210 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-017-0746-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to design a time-controlled pulsatile release (TCPR) system containing propranolol (PNH) as an active pharmaceutical ingredient. Here, the developed dosage forms were coated with hydroxypropyl-methylcellulose (HPMC) and other excipients as barrier layer using dry-coated technology. The influence of HPMC, microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), and lactose in the outer coating and the coating weight on drug release were investigated. Then, a three-factor, five-level central composite design (CCD) and response surface method were used to optimize the formula of the coating. After data processing, the optimal prescription was found to be as follows: HPMC E50(X1) 86.2 mg, MCC(X2) 43.8 mg, and lactose (X3) 21.3 mg in the coating. Moreover, the in vitro tests showed that the optimized formulation of TCPR had a lag time of 4 h followed by a 4-h drug release. Also, determination of the extent of erosion of the TCPR tablets revealed that the lag time is related to the coating erosion speed. The in vivo test in beagle dogs and comparison of the parameters for the TCPR tablets and reference preparations showed significant differences for Tmax (7.83 ± 0.408 and 2 ± 0.00) and Cmax (185.45 ± 28.561 and 587 ± 45.27 ng/ml) but no significant differences in the AUC0-∞ (1757.876 ± 208.832 and 1779.69 ± 229.02 ng h/ml). These results demonstrated that the TCPR tablets successfully prolonged the lag time and controlled the release of propranolol.
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Patadia R, Vora C, Mittal K, Mashru RC. Quality by Design Empowered Development and Optimisation of Time-Controlled Pulsatile Release Platform Formulation Employing Compression Coating Technology. AAPS PharmSciTech 2017; 18:1213-1227. [PMID: 27460936 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-016-0590-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The research was envisaged for development of time-controlled pulsatile release (PR) platform formulation to facilitate management of early morning chronological attacks. The development was started using prednisone as a model drug wherein core tablets were prepared using direct compression method and subsequently compression-coated with ethylcellulose (EC)-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) excipient blend. Initially, quality target product profile was established and risk assessment was performed using failure mode and effect analysis. In an endeavour to accomplish the objective, central composite design was employed as a design of experiment (DoE) tool. Optimised compression-coated tablet (CCT) exhibited 4-6 h lag time followed by burst release profile under variegated dissolution conditions viz. multi-media, change in apparatus/agitation and biorelevant media. Afterwards, five different drugs, i.e. methylprednisolone, diclofenac sodium, diltiazem hydrochloride, nifedipine and lornoxicam, were one-by-one incorporated into the optimised prednisone formula with replacement of former drug. Change in drug precipitated the issues like poor solubility and flow property which were respectively resolved through formulation of solid dispersion and preparation of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) granules. Albeit, all drug CCTs exhibited desired release profile similar to prednisone CCTs. In nutshell, tour de force of research epitomised the objective of incorporating diverse drug molecules and penultimately obtaining robust release profile at varying dissolution conditions.
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Patadia R, Vora C, Mittal K, Mashru R. Investigating effects of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) molecular weight grades on lag time of press-coated ethylcellulose tablets. Pharm Dev Technol 2015; 21:794-802. [PMID: 26100758 DOI: 10.3109/10837450.2015.1055767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The research undertaken exemplifies the effects of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) molecular weight (MW) grades of on lag time of press-coated ethylcellulose (EC) tablets. The formulation comprised an immediate release core (containing prednisone as a model drug) surrounded by compression coating with variegated EC-HPMC blends. Five selected HPMC grades (E5, E15, E50, K100LV and K4M) were explored at three different concentrations (10% w/w, 20% w/w and 30% w/w in outer coat) to understand their effects on lag time and drug release. In vitro drug release testing demonstrated that, with increase in concentration of E5 and E15, up to 30% w/w, the mean lag time decreased progressively; whereas with remaining grades, the mean lag time initially decreased up to 20% w/w level and thereafter increased for 30% w/w level. Importantly, with increase in HPMC concentration in the outer coat, the variability in lag time (%RSD; n = 6) was decreased for each of E5, E15 and E50, whereas increased for K100LV and K4M. In general, the variability in lag time was increased with increase in HPMC MW at studied concentration levels. Markedly, tablets with 30% w/w K4M in outer coat exhibited slight premature release (before the rupture of outer coat) along with high variability in lag time. Overall, the study concluded that low MW HPMCs (E5, E15 and E50) were found rather efficient than higher MW HPMCs for developing robust EC-based press-coated pulsatile release formulations where precise lag time followed by sharp burst release is desired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riddhish Patadia
- a Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Technology and Engineering , The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda , Kalabhavan, Vadodara , Gujarat , India
| | - Chintan Vora
- a Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Technology and Engineering , The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda , Kalabhavan, Vadodara , Gujarat , India
| | - Karan Mittal
- a Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Technology and Engineering , The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda , Kalabhavan, Vadodara , Gujarat , India
| | - Rajashree Mashru
- a Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Technology and Engineering , The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda , Kalabhavan, Vadodara , Gujarat , India
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Formulation and process optimization of multiparticulate pulsatile system delivered by osmotic pressure-activated rupturable membrane. Int J Pharm 2015; 480:15-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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12
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Patadia R, Vora C, Mittal K, Mashru R. Investigating critical effects of variegated lubricants, glidants and hydrophilic additives on lag time of press coated ethylcellulose tablets. Pharm Dev Technol 2015; 21:302-10. [PMID: 25566928 DOI: 10.3109/10837450.2014.999788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The research envisaged focuses on vital impacts of variegated lubricants, glidants and hydrophilic additives on lag time of press coated ethylcellulose (EC) tablets using prednisone as a model drug. Several lubricants and glidants such as magnesium stearate, colloidal SiO2, sodium stearyl fumarate, talc, stearic acid, polyethylene glycol (6000) and glyceryl behenate were investigated to understand their effects on lag time by changing their concentrations in outer coat. Further, the effects of hydrophilic additives on lag time were examined for hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (E5), hydroxypropylcellulose (EF and SSL), povidone (K30), copovidone, polyethylene glycol (4000), lactose and mannitol. In vitro drug release testing revealed that each selected lubricant/glidant, if present even at concentration of 0.25% w/w, significantly reduced the lag time of press coated tablets. Specifically, colloidal SiO2 and/or magnesium stearate were detrimental while other lubricants/glidants were relatively less injurious. Among hydrophilic additives, freely water soluble fillers had utmost influence in lag time, whereas, comparatively less impact was observed with polymeric binders. Concisely, glidant and lubricant should be chosen to have minimal impact on lag time and further judicious selection of hydrophilic additives should be exercised for modulating lag time of pulsatile release formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riddhish Patadia
- a Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Technology and Engineering , The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda , Kalabhavan , Vadodara , Gujarat , India
| | - Chintan Vora
- a Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Technology and Engineering , The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda , Kalabhavan , Vadodara , Gujarat , India
| | - Karan Mittal
- a Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Technology and Engineering , The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda , Kalabhavan , Vadodara , Gujarat , India
| | - Rajashree Mashru
- a Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Technology and Engineering , The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda , Kalabhavan , Vadodara , Gujarat , India
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13
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Del Curto MD, Palugan L, Foppoli A, Zema L, Gazzaniga A, Maroni A. Erodible Time‐Dependent Colon Delivery Systems with Improved Efficiency in Delaying the Onset of Drug Release. J Pharm Sci 2014; 103:3585-3593. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.24150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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14
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Film coatings for oral colon delivery. Int J Pharm 2013; 457:372-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2013] [Revised: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Maroni A, Zema L, Loreti G, Palugan L, Gazzaniga A. Film coatings for oral pulsatile release. Int J Pharm 2013; 457:362-71. [PMID: 23506956 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2013] [Revised: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Pulsatile delivery is generally intended as a release of the active ingredient that is delayed for a programmable period of time to meet particular chronotherapeutic needs and, in the case of oral administration, also target distal intestinal regions, such as the colon. Most oral pulsatile delivery platforms consist in coated formulations wherein the applied polymer serves as the release-controlling agent. When exposed to aqueous media, the coating initially performs as a protective barrier and, subsequently, undergoes a timely failure based on diverse mechanisms depending on its physico-chemical and formulation characteristics. Indeed, it may be ruptured because of the gradual expansion of the core, swell and/or erode due to the glassy-rubbery polymer transition or become permeable thus allowing the drug molecules to diffuse outwards. Otherwise, when the coating is a semipermeable membrane provided with one or more orifices, the drug is released through the latter as a result of an osmotic water influx. The vast majority of pulsatile delivery systems described so far have been prepared by spray-coating, which offers important versatility and feasibility advantages over other techniques such as press- and dip-coating. In the present article, the design, manufacturing and performance of spray-coated pulsatile delivery platforms is thus reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Maroni
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Sezione di Tecnologia e Legislazione Farmaceutiche "Maria Edvige Sangalli", Via G. Colombo 71, 20133 Milan, Italy
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17
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On-off pulsed oral drug-delivery systems: a possible tool for drug delivery in chronotherapy. Ther Deliv 2012; 2:1199-214. [PMID: 22833913 DOI: 10.4155/tde.11.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms regulate most body functions and are important factors to consider when administering drugs. The existence of circadian rhythms in nature and their influences on human biological systems have given rise to the concept of chronotherapy, which is the science of delivering drugs in a synchronized manner with the rhythm-dependent circadian variation inherent in the human body. The safety and efficacy of a drug can be improved by matching the peak plasma concentration during a 24 h period of the rhythms. An on-off pulsed (pulsatile or time-controlled) release drug-delivery system offers rapid and transient release; stepwise release; and the sustained release of a certain amount of drug within a short time period after a predetermined off-release period according to the circadian rhythm of disease states. These systems deliver the drug at the right time and at an appropriate dosage and are the best approach for chronotherapy. These systems show promise for the optimal therapy of chronic diseases such as asthma, hypertension, myocardial infarction and arthritis, which show a circadian dependency. Various technologies have been adopted to mimic circadian rhythms in physiological functions and diseases. This review focuses on the basic concept of circadian rhythm, chronotherapy and recent advances in the development of on-off pulsed oral drug-delivery systems for optimal therapy.
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Polymeric coatings for a multiple-unit pulsatile delivery system: preliminary study on free and applied films. Int J Pharm 2012; 440:256-63. [PMID: 22688248 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.05.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2012] [Revised: 05/28/2012] [Accepted: 05/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In order to adapt a previously described swellable/erodible pulsatile delivery system to a multiple-unit configuration, insoluble films with adequate permeability and flexibility were proposed for application to its functional hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) layer. By slowing down the penetration of water into the system, such films would be expected to improve the relevant effectiveness in delaying the onset of release without possibly impacting on the mechanism involved. Free films of Eudragit(®)NE containing differing amounts (10-20%) of a superdisintegrant, i.e. Explotab(®)V17, Ac-Di-Sol(®), Kollidon(®)CL or Kollidon(®)CL-M, were prepared by spraying technique and evaluated for hydration, permeability and tensile properties. The hydration and permeability characteristics were enhanced by the addition of the superdisintegrants, generally as a function of their concentration. Explotab(®)V17 was shown particularly useful to increase the film permeability. Moreover, it exerted a minor impact on the advantageous tensile properties of the acrylic polymer, especially in the wet state. Based on these results and on a preliminary release study performed with two-layer devices, the Eudragit(®)NE film with Explotab(®)V17 at the highest investigated percentage was identified as a potential formulation candidate for being applied to HPMC-coated cores thus allowing the onset of release to effectively be delayed by coatings of reduced thickness.
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Maroni A, Zema L, Del Curto MD, Foppoli A, Gazzaniga A. Oral colon delivery of insulin with the aid of functional adjuvants. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2012; 64:540-56. [PMID: 22086142 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2011.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2011] [Revised: 09/30/2011] [Accepted: 10/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Oral colon delivery is currently considered of importance not only for the treatment of local pathologies, such as primarily inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but also as a means of accomplishing systemic therapeutic goals. Although the large bowel fails to be ideally suited for absorption processes, it may indeed offer a number of advantages over the small intestine, including a long transit time, lower levels of peptidases and higher responsiveness to permeation enhancers. Accordingly, it has been under extensive investigation as a possible strategy to improve the oral bioavailability of peptide and protein drugs. Because of a strong underlying rationale, most of these studies have focused on insulin. In the present review, the impact of key anatomical and physiological characteristics of the colon on its viability as a protein release site is discussed. Moreover, the main formulation approaches to oral colon targeting are outlined along with the design features and performance of insulin-based devices.
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Avramoff A, Khan W, Mizrahi B, Domb AJ. Preparation and characterization of a novel once-daily formulation of diltiazem using arabinogalactan as a channeling agent. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.36755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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21
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Patel MM, Amin AF. Development of a novel tablet-in-capsule formulation of mesalamine for inflammatory bowel disease. Pharm Dev Technol 2012; 18:390-400. [DOI: 10.3109/10837450.2011.653819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Lin SY, Kawashima Y. Current status and approaches to developing press-coated chronodelivery drug systems. J Control Release 2012; 157:331-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.09.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2011] [Accepted: 08/07/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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23
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Dual coating of swellable and rupturable polymers on Glipizide loaded MCC pellets for pulsatile delivery: Formulation design and in vitro evaluation. Int J Pharm 2011; 419:121-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2011] [Revised: 07/15/2011] [Accepted: 07/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Balmayor ER, Azevedo HS, Reis RL. Controlled delivery systems: from pharmaceuticals to cells and genes. Pharm Res 2011; 28:1241-58. [PMID: 21424163 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-011-0392-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2010] [Accepted: 02/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
During the last few decades, a fair amount of scientific investigation has focused on developing novel and efficient drug delivery systems. According to different clinical needs, specific biopharmaceutical carriers have been proposed. Micro- and nanoparticulated systems, membranes and films, gels and even microelectronic chips have been successfully applied in order to deliver biopharmaceuticals via different anatomical routes. The ultimate goal is to deliver the potential drugs to target tissues, where regeneration or therapies (chemotherapy, antibiotics, and analgesics) are needed. Thereby, the bioactive molecule should be protected against environmental degradation. Delivery should be achieved in a dose- and time-correct manner. Drug delivery systems (DDS) have been conceived to provide improvements in drug administration such as ability to enhance the stability, absorption and therapeutic concentration of the molecules in combination with a long-term and controlled release of the drug. Moreover, the adverse effects related with some drugs can be reduced, and patient compliance could be improved. Recent advances in biotechnology, pharmaceutical sciences, molecular biology, polymer chemistry and nanotechnology are now opening up exciting possibilities in the field of DDS. However, it is also recognized that there are several key obstacles to overcome in bringing such approaches into routine clinical use. This review describes the present state-of-the-art DDS, with examples of current clinical applications, and the promises and challenges for the future in this innovative field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Rosado Balmayor
- 3B's Research Group-Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho, AvePark, 4806-909 Taipas, Guimarães, Portugal.
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Gazzaniga A, Cerea M, Cozzi A, Foppoli A, Maroni A, Zema L. A novel injection-molded capsular device for oral pulsatile delivery based on swellable/erodible polymers. AAPS PharmSciTech 2011; 12:295-303. [PMID: 21267684 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-011-9581-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2010] [Accepted: 12/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The feasibility of injection molding was explored in the preparation of a novel capsular device for oral pulsatile/delayed delivery based on swellable/erodible polymers. For this purpose, a mold intended to be coupled with a bench-top injection-molding press was designed. This was expected to enable the preparation of matching capsule cap and body items within a single manufacturing cycle and the selection of differing shell thicknesses (300, 600, and 900 μm). Hydroxypropylcellulose (Klucel(®) EF, LF, and GF) was employed as the release-controlling polymer in admixture with polyethylene glycol 1500 (10%, w/w) as the plasticizer. After preliminary trials aimed at the setup of operating conditions, Klucel(®) EF and LF capsule shells with satisfactory technological properties were manufactured. The performance of capsular devices filled with a tracer drug powder was studied by means of a modified USP31 disintegration apparatus. Typical in vitro delayed release patterns were thereby obtained, with lag time increasing as a function of the wall thickness. A good correlation was found between the latter parameter and t (10%), i.e., the time to 10% release, for both polymer grades employed. On the basis of the overall results, the investigated technique was proven suitable for the manufacturing of an innovative pulsatile release platform.
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26
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Mandal AS, Biswas N, Karim KM, Guha A, Chatterjee S, Behera M, Kuotsu K. Drug delivery system based on chronobiology—A review. J Control Release 2010; 147:314-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2010.07.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2010] [Accepted: 07/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Dahan A, Amidon GL, Zimmermann EM. Drug targeting strategies for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease: a mechanistic update. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2010; 6:543-50. [PMID: 20594127 DOI: 10.1586/eci.10.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The therapeutic management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) represents the perfect scenario for drug targeting to the site(s) of action. While existing formulation-based targeting strategies include rectal dosage forms and oral systems that target the colon by pH-, time-, microflora- and pressure-triggered drug release, novel approaches for site-specific delivery in IBD therapy will target the inflamed intestine per se rather than intestinal region. The purpose of this article is to present a mechanistic update on the strategies employed to achieve minimal systemic exposure accompanied by maximal drug levels in the inflamed intestinal tissue. The introduction of biological agents, micro/nanoparticulate carriers including liposomes, transgenic bacteria, and gene therapy opportunities are discussed, as well as the challenges remaining to be achieved in the targeted treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arik Dahan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel.
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28
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Oral pulsatile delivery: Rationale and chronopharmaceutical formulations. Int J Pharm 2010; 398:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2010.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2010] [Revised: 07/15/2010] [Accepted: 07/17/2010] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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29
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Karrout Y, Neut C, Wils D, Siepmann F, Deremaux L, Flament MP, Dubreuil L, Desreumaux P, Siepmann J. Enzymatically activated coated multiparticulates containing theophylline for colon targeting. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1773-2247(10)50029-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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30
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Rahemba TR, Bell S, Connolly EK, Waterman KC. Use of scoring to induce reproducible drug delivery from osmotic pulsatile tablets. Pharm Dev Technol 2009; 14:548-55. [DOI: 10.1080/10837450902838692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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31
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Pulsatile drug delivery to ileo-colonic segments by structured incorporation of disintegrants in pH-responsive polymer coatings. J Control Release 2008; 132:91-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2008.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2008] [Revised: 08/07/2008] [Accepted: 08/16/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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32
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Kurosu M. Multiple-delayed release formulation approach for the treatment of methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2008. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.18.11.1313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Bi Y, Mao S, Gan L, Li Y, Wang C, Xu N, Zheng Y, Cheng Q, Hou S. A controlled porosity osmotic pump system with biphasic release of theophylline. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2008; 55:1574-80. [PMID: 17978514 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.55.1574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A controlled porosity osmotic pump system with biphasic release of theophylline was developed for the nocturnal therapy of asthma. The developed system was composed of a tablet-in-tablet (TNT) core and a controlled porosity coating membrane. Release pattern of the developed system was influenced by amount of pore former (18.2-45.5%, w/w of polymer), weight gain (16-26 mg per tablet) of the coating membrane and osmotic agents used in inner layer of the TNT core. When sodium phosphate and sodium chloride were selected as the osmotic agents in inner and outer layer of the TNT core respectively, target release profile was obtained with coating solution cellulose acetate-polyethylene glycol 400-diethyl phthalate (54.5-36.4-9.1%, w/w) at a weight gain of 16-22 mg per tablet. To examine the mechanism of drug release, release profiles of osmotic agents, micro-environmental osmotic pressure and micro-environmental pH of the formulation during dissolution were studied. Micro-environmental osmotic pressure decreased and micro-environmental pH increased continuously during the whole dissolution process, theophylline release was dominated by the successive dissolution of sodium chloride and sodium phosphate. Theophylline solubility increased as environmental pH exceeded 10.8. At the last stage of the biphasic release, micro-environmental pH in the developed formulation reached 10.9, and theophylline release was promoted by its elevated solubility despite of the decrease of micro-environmental osmotic pressure in the developed formulaiton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueqi Bi
- West China Pharmacy School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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34
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Gazzaniga A, Palugan L, Foppoli A, Sangalli ME. Oral pulsatile delivery systems based on swellable hydrophilic polymers. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2008; 68:11-8. [PMID: 17888641 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2007.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2006] [Revised: 05/24/2007] [Accepted: 05/24/2007] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Upon contact with aqueous fluids, swellable hydrophilic polymers undergo typical chain relaxation phenomena that coincide with a glassy-rubbery transition. In the rubbery phase, these polymers may be subject to swelling, dissolution and erosion processes or, alternatively, form an enduring gel barrier when cross-linked networks (hydrogels) are dealt with. Because of the peculiar hydration and biocompatibility properties, such materials are widely exploited in the pharmaceutical field, particularly as far as hydrophilic cellulose derivatives are concerned. In oral delivery, they have for long been employed in the manufacturing of prolonged release matrices and, more recently, for pulsatile (delayed) release devices as well. Pulsatile delivery, which is meant as the liberation of drugs following programmed lag phases, has drawn increasing interest especially in view of emerging chronotherapeutic approaches. In pursuit of pulsatile release, various design strategies have been proposed, chiefly including reservoir, capsular and osmotic formulations. In most cases, water-swellable polymers play a key role in the overall delivery mechanism after being activated by physiological media. Based on these premises, the aim of the present review is to survey the main oral pulsatile delivery systems, for which swelling, dissolution and/or erosion of hydrophilic polymers are primarily involved in the control of release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Gazzaniga
- Instituto di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica P. Pratesi, University of Milan, Viale Abruzzi 42, Milan, Italy.
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Amorij JP, Westra TA, Hinrichs WLJ, Huckriede A, Frijlink HW. Towards an oral influenza vaccine: comparison between intragastric and intracolonic delivery of influenza subunit vaccine in a murine model. Vaccine 2007; 26:67-76. [PMID: 18061315 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2007] [Revised: 10/15/2007] [Accepted: 10/21/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this paper we investigated to which part of the gastro-intestinal (GI) tract, the upper or lower part, an oral influenza vaccine should be targeted to result in an effective immune response in mice. Our study demonstrates that without adjuvant substantial systemic but low respiratory mucosal immune responses were induced in mice after delivery of influenza subunit vaccine to the upper GI-tract (intragastric) as well as the lower GI-tract (intracolonically). When the vaccine was adjuvanted with Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) these responses were significantly enhanced. Interestingly, intracolonic administration of vaccine with adjuvant also resulted in enhanced cellular immune responses and the desired Th1-skewing of these responses. Intragastric administration of the adjuvanted vaccine also increased T-helper responses. However, Th1-skewing was absent. In conclusion, the right combination of strong mucosal adjuvant (e.g. LT) and antigen delivery site (e.g. the lower part of the gastro-intestinal tract) might result in effective vaccination via the oral route.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-P Amorij
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Zema L, Maroni A, Foppoli A, Palugan L, Sangalli ME, Gazzaniga A. Different HPMC Viscosity Grades as Coating Agents for an Oral Time and/or Site‐Controlled Delivery System: An Investigation into the Mechanisms Governing Drug Release. J Pharm Sci 2007; 96:1527-36. [PMID: 17094127 DOI: 10.1002/jps.20802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
When used as release-controlling coating agents for tableted core-based pulsatile delivery systems, three different hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) grades, Methocel E5, E50, and K4M, provided lag phases of varying duration (Methocel K4M > E50 > E5) and a prompt and quantitative model drug release. Dissolution/mechanical erosion, permeability increase and disruption of the hydrated polymeric layer were assumed to participate in the definition of the overall release pattern. Based on these premises, we investigated what process(es) might prevail in the release-controlling mechanism for each HPMC grade. The polymers were evaluated for dissolution and swelling, while the finished systems were concomitantly evaluated for drug release and polymer dissolution. The obtained results indicated likely similarities between Methocel E5 and E50 performances, which we hypothesized to be mainly dissolution/erosion-controlled, and a clearly different behavior for Methocel K4M. This polymer indeed proved to yield higher viscosity and slower dissolving gel layer, which was able to withstand extensive dissolution/erosion for periods that exceeded the observed lag phases. The particular characteristics of swollen Methocel K4M were shown to be associated with possible drug diffusion phenomena, which might impair the prompt and quantitative release phase that is typical of pulsatile delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Zema
- Istituto di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica, P. Pratesi Università degli Studi di Milano, V.le Abruzzi 42, I-20131 Milano, Italia
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Gazzaniga A, Maroni A, Sangalli ME, Zema L. Time-controlled oral delivery systems for colon targeting. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2006; 3:583-97. [PMID: 16948555 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.3.5.583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, many research efforts have been spent in the achievement of selective delivery of drugs into the colon following oral administration. Indeed, colonic release is regarded as a beneficial approach to the pharmacological treatment or prevention of widespread large bowel pathologies, such as inflammatory bowel disease and adenocarcinoma. In addition, it is extensively explored as a potential means of enhancing the oral bioavailability of peptides, proteins and other biotechnological molecules, which are known to be less prone to enzymatic degradation in the large, rather than in the small, intestine. Based on these premises, several formulation strategies have been attempted in pursuit of colonic release, chiefly including microflora-, pH-, pressure- and time-dependent delivery technologies. In particular, this review is focused on the main design features and release performances of time-controlled devices, which rely on the relative constancy that is observed in the small intestinal transit time of dosage forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Gazzaniga
- Istituto di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica P. Pratesi, Università di Milano, V.le Abruzzi 42, 20131 Milan, Italy.
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