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Liu A, Li X, Zhou L, Yan X, Xia N, Song Z, Cao J, Hao Z, Zhang Z, Liang R, Zhang H. BPDE-DNA adduct formation and alterations of mRNA, protein, and DNA methylation of CYP1A1, GSTP1, and GSTM1 induced by benzo[a]pyrene and the intervention of aspirin in mice. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:106549-106561. [PMID: 37730975 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29878-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), one typical environmental pollutant, the toxicity mechanisms, and potential prevention remain perplexing. Available evidence suggests cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) and glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) metabolize B[a]P, resulting in metabolic activation and detoxification of B[a]P. This study aimed to reveal the impact of B[a]P exposure on trans-7,8-diol-anti-9,10-epoxide DNA (BPDE-DNA) adduct formation, level of CYP1A1, glutathione S-transferase pi (GSTP1) and glutathione S-transferase mu1 (GSTM1) mRNA, protein and DNA methylation in mice, and the potential prevention of aspirin (ASP). This study firstly determined the BPDE-DNA adduct formation in an acute toxicity test of a large dose in mice induced by B[a]P, which subsequently detected CYP1A1, GSTP1, and GSTM1 at levels of mRNA, protein, and DNA methylation in the organs of mice in a subacute toxicity test at appropriate doses and the potential prevention of ASP, using the methods of real-time quantitative PCR (QPCR), western blotting, and real-time methylation-specific PCR (MSP), respectively. The results verified that B[a]P induced the formation of BPDE-DNA adduct in all the organs of mice in an acute toxicity test, and the order of concentration of which was lung > kidney > liver > brain. In a subacute toxicity test, following B[a]P treatment, mice showed a dose-dependent slowdown in body weight gain and abnormalities in behavioral and cognitive function and which were alleviated by ASP co-treatment. Compared to the controls, following B[a]P treatment, CYP1A1 was significantly induced in all organs in mice at mRNA level (P < 0.05), was suppressed in the lung and cerebrum of mice at protein level, and inhibited at DNA methylation level in the liver, lung, and cerebrum, whereas GSTP1 and GSTM1 at mRNA, protein, and DNA methylation levels showed organ-specific changes in mice following B[a]P treatment, which was generally alleviated by ASP intervention. In conclusion, B[a]P induced BPDE-DNA adduct formation in all organs in mice and altered the mRNA, protein, and DNA methylation levels in CYP1A1, GSTP1, and GSTM1 in an organ-dependent pattern, which could be related to the organ toxicity and mechanism of B[a]P. ASP intervention may be an effective measure to prevent B[a]P toxicity. The findings provide scientific evidence for further study on the organ toxicity and mechanisms of B[a]P.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aixiang Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
- Department of Health Information Management, Shanxi Medical University Fenyang College, Fenyang, 032200, Shanxi, China
| | - Xin Li
- Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Taiyuan Iron and Steel Co Ltd, Taiyuan, 030003, Shanxi, China
| | - Lisha Zhou
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaoqing Yan
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Na Xia
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and Prevention, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Zhanfei Song
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Jingjing Cao
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Zhongsuo Hao
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Zhihong Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Ruifeng Liang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China.
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Chu S, Lu Y, Liu W, Ma X, Peng J, Wang X, Jiang M, Bai G. Ursolic acid alleviates tetrandrine-induced hepatotoxicity by competitively binding to the substrate-binding site of glutathione S-transferases. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 104:154325. [PMID: 35820303 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tetrandrine (TET), a bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid isolated from Stephania tetrandra S. Moore, is the only approved medicine in China for silicosis. However, TET-induced hepatotoxicity has raised safety concerns. The underlying toxic targets and mechanism induced by TET remain unclear; there are no targeted detoxification strategies developed for TET-induced hepatotoxicity. Ursolic acid (UA), a pentacyclic triterpene with liver protective effects, may have detoxification effects on TET-induced hepatotoxicity. PURPOSE This study aims to explore toxic targets and mechanism of TET and present UA as a potential targeted therapy for alleviating TET-induced hepatotoxicity. METHODS A TET-induced liver-injury model was established to evaluate TET toxicity and the potential UA detoxification effect. Alkenyl-modified TET and UA probes were designed to identify potential liver targets. Pharmacological and molecular biology methods were used to explore the underlying toxicity/detoxification mechanism. RESULTS TET induced liver injury by covalently binding to the substrate-binding pocket (H-site) of glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) and inhibiting GST activity. The covalent binding led to toxic metabolite accumulation and caused redox imbalance and liver injury. UA protected the liver from TET-induced damage by competitively binding to the GST H-site. CONCLUSION The mechanism of TET-induced hepatotoxicity is related to irreversible binding with the GST H-site and GST-activity inhibition. UA, a natural antidote, competed with TET on H-site binding and reversed the redox imbalance. This study revealed the hepatotoxic mechanism of TET and provided a targeted detoxifying agent, UA, to alleviate hepatotoxicity caused by GST inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simeng Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin, 300353, PR China
| | - Yujie Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin, 300353, PR China
| | - Wenjuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin, 300353, PR China
| | - Xiaoyao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin, 300353, PR China
| | - Jiamin Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin, 300353, PR China
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin, 301617, PR China.
| | - Min Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin, 300353, PR China.
| | - Gang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin, 300353, PR China.
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Mahaye N, Musee N. Effects of Two Antiretroviral Drugs on the Crustacean Daphnia magna in River Water. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10080423. [PMID: 36006102 PMCID: PMC9416331 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10080423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Antiretroviral (ARVs) drugs are used to manage the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease and are increasingly being detected in the aquatic environment. However, little is known about their effects on non-target aquatic organisms. Here, Daphnia magna neonates were exposed to Efavirenz (EFV) and Tenofovir (TFV) ARVs at 62.5–1000 µg/L for 48 h in river water. The endpoints assessed were mortality, immobilization, and biochemical biomarkers (catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and malondialdehyde (MDA)). No mortality was observed over 48 h. Concentration- and time-dependent immobilization was observed for both ARVs only at 250–1000 µg/L after 48 h, with significant immobilization observed for EFV compared to TFV. Results for biochemical responses demonstrated that both ARVs induced significant changes in CAT and GST activities, and MDA levels, with effects higher for EFV compared to TFV. Biochemical responses were indicative of oxidative stress alterations. Hence, both ARVs could potentially be toxic to D. magna.
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Sharapov MG, Gudkov SV, Lankin VZ. Hydroperoxide-Reducing Enzymes in the Regulation of Free-Radical Processes. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2021; 86:1256-1274. [PMID: 34903155 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297921100084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The review presents current concepts of the molecular mechanisms of oxidative stress development and describes main stages of the free-radical reactions in oxidative stress. Endogenous and exogenous factors of the oxidative stress development, including dysfunction of cell oxidoreductase systems, as well as the effects of various external physicochemical factors, are discussed. The review also describes the main components of the antioxidant defense system and stages of its evolution, with a special focus on peroxiredoxins, glutathione peroxidases, and glutathione S-transferases, which share some phylogenetic, structural, and catalytic properties. The substrate specificity, as well as the similarities and differences in the catalytic mechanisms of these enzymes, are discussed in detail. The role of peroxiredoxins, glutathione peroxidases, and glutathione S-transferases in the regulation of hydroperoxide-mediated intracellular and intercellular signaling and interactions of these enzymes with receptors and non-receptor proteins are described. An important contribution of hydroperoxide-reducing enzymes to the antioxidant protection and regulation of such cell processes as growth, differentiation, and apoptosis is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mars G Sharapov
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia.
| | - Sergey V Gudkov
- Prokhorov Institute of General Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia.,Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, 603022, Russia.,All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology, Bolshiye Vyazemy, 143050, Russia
| | - Vadim Z Lankin
- National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 121552, Russia
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Türkan F, Calimli MH, Kanberoğlu GS, Karaman M. Inhibition effects of isoproterenol, chlorpromazine, carbamazepine, tamoxifen drugs on glutathione S-transferase, cholinesterases enzymes and molecular docking studies. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 39:3277-3284. [PMID: 32362189 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1763200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) have been a very crucial issue for pharmacological treatments of several disasters. Herein, we investigated inhibition effects of Tamoxifen (TAM), Isoprenaline (ISO), Chlorpromazines (CPZ) and Carbamazepine (CBZ) on GST, AChE, BChE and then molecular structures and active sides of the tested drugs by molecular docking process. The enzyme activity results showed that nearly the whole tested drugs inhibited GST, BChE, AChE efficiently. Chlorpromazine was found to be the best inhibitor for the GST enzyme and the Ki value of this drug was found to be 42.83 ± 8.52 nM. Besides, Isoproterenol drug with the Ki value of 51.80 ± 9.44 nM was found to be the most effective inhibitor on the AChE enzyme. Molecular docking studies showed that the receptor-binding sites of GST, AChE, and BChE were found to 1.069, 1.090, and 1.15 of Sitecore and 0.992, 1.113, and 1.217 of Dscore, respectively. The method was validated by doing validation studies and these validations revealed that re-docked ligands located a very closed position with co-crystallized ligand into the active site for all receptors. Calculation studies for determining the possible enzyme inhibition mechanism with the used drugs revealed that amino and aromatic ring in the structure of the drugs used are effective in inhibition reactions.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fikret Türkan
- Health Services Vocational School, Igdir University, Igdir, Turkey
| | | | | | - Muhammet Karaman
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Arts and Science, Kilis 7 Aralik University, Kilis, Turkey
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Alonso-Trujillo M, Muñiz-González AB, Martínez-Guitarte JL. Endosulfan exposure alters transcription of genes involved in the detoxification and stress responses in Physella acuta. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7847. [PMID: 32398709 PMCID: PMC7217849 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64554-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Endosulfan is a persistent pesticide that has been in use for more than five decades. During this time, it has contaminated soil, air, and water reservoirs worldwide. It is extremely toxic and harmful to beneficial non-target invertebrates, aquatic life, and even humans upon consumption, which is one of the many dangers of this pesticide since it biomagnifies in the food chain. The effects of three endosulfan concentrations (1, 10, and 100 µg/L) on the freshwater snail Physella acuta, an invasive cosmopolitan species, were examined over a week-long exposure period. Alterations in the expression of ten genes related to stress and xenobiotic detoxification were measured against the endogenous controls rpL10 and GAPDH by Real-Time polymerase chain reaction. Four genes are described here for the first time in this species, namely Hsp60, Grp78, GSTk1, and GSTm1. The rest of genes were Hsp90, sHsp16.6, cyp2u1, cyp3a7, cyp4f22, and MRP1. cyp2u1, sHsp16.6, and Grp78 expression were all altered by endosulfan. These results suggest a low pesticide concentration activates the acute response in P. acuta by affecting detoxification and stress responses and alter endoplasmic reticulum function and lipid metabolism. Furthermore, the newly identified genes extend the number of processes and cellular locations that can be analyzed in this organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Alonso-Trujillo
- Grupo de Biología y Toxicología Ambiental. Facultad de Ciencias. Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, UNED. Senda del Rey 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana-Belén Muñiz-González
- Grupo de Biología y Toxicología Ambiental. Facultad de Ciencias. Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, UNED. Senda del Rey 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - José-Luis Martínez-Guitarte
- Grupo de Biología y Toxicología Ambiental. Facultad de Ciencias. Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, UNED. Senda del Rey 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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Muddathir ARM, Abdallah EI, Khabour OF, Abdelgader RE, Elgari MM. Age- and gender-independent association of glutathione S-transferase null polymorphisms with chronic myeloid leukemia. Bosn J Basic Med Sci 2019; 19:350-354. [PMID: 30995900 DOI: 10.17305/bjbms.2019.4176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The glutathione S-transferase (GST) genes encode enzymes that mediate the detoxification of xenobiotics by catalyzing the conjugation of glutathione (GSH) to xenobiotic substrates. The aim of the current study is to investigate the association between GSTT1 and GSTM1 polymorphisms and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) among Sudanese patients. Patients with CML (n = 115) were recruited to the study from the Radiation and Isotope Centre Khartoum (RICK)-Sudan. Healthy individuals (n = 104) were included as controls. Genotyping of GSTT1 and GSTM1 polymorphisms was performed using multiplex PCR. Null deletions in the GSTT1 and GSTM1 genes are common in the Sudanese population (control group), with frequencies of 33.9% and 38.2%, respectively. The frequencies of GSTT1 (OR: 3.25, 95% CI: 1.87-5.65, p < 0.001) and GSTM1 (OR: 2.14, 95% CI: 1.25-3.67, p < 0.005) null genotypes were significantly higher in CML patients vs. controls. The distribution of GSTT1 and GSTM1 null polymorphisms was not different between male and female (p > 0.01) and young and old CML patients (p > 0.05). Hematological parameters were not affected by null polymorphisms in the patient group (p > 0.05). In addition, the frequency of GSTM1 null polymorphism was lower in advanced-phase CML patients compared to chronic-phase patients (p < 0.05). The GSTT1 and GSTM1 null polymorphisms are associated with CML among Sudanese patients, independently of their age and gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdel Rahim Mahmoud Muddathir
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia; Department of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Alzaeim Alazhari University, Khartoum, Sudan.
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Glutathione S-transferase is a good biomarker in acrylamide induced neurotoxicity and genotoxicity. Interdiscip Toxicol 2019; 11:115-121. [PMID: 31719782 PMCID: PMC6829684 DOI: 10.2478/intox-2018-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are major defence enzymes of the antioxidant enzymatic system. Cytosolic GSTs are more involved in the detoxification than mitochondrial and microsomal GSTs. GSTs are localized in the cerebellum and hippocampus of the rat brain. Acrylamide (AC) is a well assessed neurotoxin of both animals and humans and it produces skeletal muscle weakness and ataxia. AC is extensively used in several industries such as cosmetic, paper, textile, in ore processing, as soil conditioners, flocculants for waste water treatment and it is present in daily consumed food products, like potato chips, French fries, bread, breakfast cereals and beverages like coffee; it is detected on tobacco smoking. GST acts as a biomarker in response to acrylamide. AC can interact with DNA and therefore generate mutations. In rats, low level expression of glutathione S-trasferase (GST) decreases both memory and life span. The major aim of this review is to provide better information on the antioxidant role of GST against AC induced neurotoxicity and genotoxicity.
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Dasari S, Ganjayi MS, Yellanurkonda P, Basha S, Meriga B. Role of glutathione S-transferases in detoxification of a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, methylcholanthrene. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 294:81-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Acharjee BK. Induction of Non-Cytochrome Mediated Enzymes- Xanthine Oxidase and Glutathione-S-Transferase By 3-Methylcholanthrene in Kidney Tissues of Male Albino Mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.15272/ajbps.v4i34.517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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