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Rougée LRA, Bedwell DW, Hansen K, Abraham TL, Hall SD. Impact of Heterotropic Allosteric Modulation on the Time-Dependent Inhibition of Cytochrome P450 3A4. Drug Metab Dispos 2023; 51:1372-1380. [PMID: 37524542 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.123.001382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study was designed to investigate the influence of allosteric effectors on the metabolism of the prototypical cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 substrate midazolam (MDZ), and on the determination in vitro time-dependent inhibition (TDI) of CYP3A4 using human liver microsomes (HLM). As the concentration of midazolam increased to 250 µM in HLMs, homotropic cooperativity resulted in a decrease in the 1'-hydroxymidazolam to 4-hydroxymidazolam ratio to a maximum of 1.1. The presence of varying concentrations of testosterone, progesterone (PGS), or carbamazepine (CBZ) in HLMs with MDZ could recapitulate the effect of homotropic cooperativity such that the formation rates of the 1'hydroxymidazolam and 4-hydroxymidazolam were equal even at low concentrations of MDZ. The presence of PGS (10 or 100 µM) and CBZ (100 or 1000 µM) in in vitro TDI determination of four known CYP3A4 time-dependent inactivators (clarithromycin, troleandomycin, mibefradil, raloxifene) simultaneously decreased potency and inactivation rate constant, resulting in fold changes in inactivation efficiency on average of 1.6-fold and 13-fold for the low and high concentrations of allosteric modulator tested, respectively. The formation of a metabolic-intermediate complex (MIC) for clarithromycin and troleandomycin decreased in the presence of the allosteric modulators in a concentration-dependent manner, reaching a new steady state formation that could not be overcome with increased incubation time. Maximum reduction of the MIC formed by clarithromycin was up to ∼91%, while troleandomycin MIC decreased up to ∼31%. These findings suggest that the absence of endogenous allosteric modulators may contribute to the poor translation of HLM-based drug-drug interaction predictions. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The reported overprediction of in vitro human liver microsome time-dependent inhibition of CYP3A4 and observed drug interactions in vivo remains an issue in drug development. We provide characterization of allosteric modulators on the CYP3A4 metabolism of the prototypical substrate midazolam, demonstrating the ability of the modulators to recapitulate the homotropic cooperativity of midazolam. Furthermore, we demonstrate that allosteric heterotropic cooperativity of CYP3A4 can impact the time-dependent inhibition kinetics of known mechanisms-based inhibitors, providing a potential mechanism to explain the overprediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc R A Rougée
- Lilly Research Laboratories; Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - David W Bedwell
- Lilly Research Laboratories; Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Kasi Hansen
- Lilly Research Laboratories; Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Trent L Abraham
- Lilly Research Laboratories; Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Stephen D Hall
- Lilly Research Laboratories; Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana
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2
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He Q, Bu F, Wang Q, Li M, Lin J, Tang Z, Mak WY, Zhuang X, Zhu X, Lin HS, Xiang X. Examination of the Impact of CYP3A4/5 on Drug-Drug Interaction between Schizandrol A/Schizandrol B and Tacrolimus (FK-506): A Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094485. [PMID: 35562875 PMCID: PMC9103789 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizandrol A (SZA) and schizandrol B (SZB) are two active ingredients of Wuzhi capsule (WZC), a Chinese proprietary medicine commonly prescribed to alleviate tacrolimus (FK-506)-induced hepatoxicity in China. Due to their inhibitory effects on cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A enzymes, SZA/SZB may display drug–drug interaction (DDI) with tacrolimus. To identify the extent of this DDI, the enzymes’ inhibitory profiles, including a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) shift, reversible inhibition (RI) and time-dependent inhibition (TDI) were examined with pooled human-liver microsomes (HLMs) and CYP3A5-genotyped HLMs. Subsequently, the acquired parameters were integrated into a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model to quantify the interactions between the SZA/SZB and the tacrolimus. The metabolic studies indicated that the SZB displayed both RI and TDI on CYP3A4 and CYP3A5, while the SZA only exhibited TDI on CYP3A4 to a limited extent. Moreover, our PBPK model predicted that multiple doses of SZB would increase tacrolimus exposure by 26% and 57% in CYP3A5 expressers and non-expressers, respectively. Clearly, PBPK modeling has emerged as a powerful approach to examine herb-involved DDI, and special attention should be paid to the combined use of WZC and tacrolimus in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingfeng He
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Administration, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China; (Q.H.); (F.B.); (Q.W.); (M.L.); (J.L.); (Z.T.); (W.Y.M.); (X.Z.)
| | - Fengjiao Bu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Administration, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China; (Q.H.); (F.B.); (Q.W.); (M.L.); (J.L.); (Z.T.); (W.Y.M.); (X.Z.)
| | - Qizhen Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Administration, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China; (Q.H.); (F.B.); (Q.W.); (M.L.); (J.L.); (Z.T.); (W.Y.M.); (X.Z.)
| | - Min Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Administration, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China; (Q.H.); (F.B.); (Q.W.); (M.L.); (J.L.); (Z.T.); (W.Y.M.); (X.Z.)
| | - Jiaying Lin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Administration, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China; (Q.H.); (F.B.); (Q.W.); (M.L.); (J.L.); (Z.T.); (W.Y.M.); (X.Z.)
| | - Zhijia Tang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Administration, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China; (Q.H.); (F.B.); (Q.W.); (M.L.); (J.L.); (Z.T.); (W.Y.M.); (X.Z.)
| | - Wen Yao Mak
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Administration, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China; (Q.H.); (F.B.); (Q.W.); (M.L.); (J.L.); (Z.T.); (W.Y.M.); (X.Z.)
- Clinical Research Centre, Hospital Pulau Pinang, Pinang 10450, Malaysia
- Institute for Clinical Research, National Institute of Health, Shah Alam 40170, Malaysia
| | - Xiaomei Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China;
| | - Xiao Zhu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Administration, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China; (Q.H.); (F.B.); (Q.W.); (M.L.); (J.L.); (Z.T.); (W.Y.M.); (X.Z.)
| | - Hai-Shu Lin
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China
- Correspondence: (H.-S.L.); (X.X.); Tel.: +86-21-51980024 (X.X.)
| | - Xiaoqiang Xiang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Administration, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China; (Q.H.); (F.B.); (Q.W.); (M.L.); (J.L.); (Z.T.); (W.Y.M.); (X.Z.)
- Correspondence: (H.-S.L.); (X.X.); Tel.: +86-21-51980024 (X.X.)
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3
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Zhang F, Liu W, Huang J, Chen QL, Wang DD, Zou LW, Zhao YF, Zhang WD, Xu JG, Chen HZ, Ge GB. Inhibition of drug-metabolizing enzymes by Jingyin granules: implications of herb-drug interactions in antiviral therapy. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:1072-1081. [PMID: 34183756 PMCID: PMC8237038 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-021-00697-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Jingyin granules, a marketed antiviral herbal medicine, have been recommended for treating H1N1 influenza A virus infection and Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China. To fight viral diseases in a more efficient way, Jingyin granules are frequently co-administered in clinical settings with a variety of therapeutic agents, including antiviral drugs, anti-inflammatory drugs, and other Western medicines. However, it is unclear whether Jingyin granules modulate the pharmacokinetics of Western drugs or trigger clinically significant herb-drug interactions. This study aims to assess the inhibitory potency of the herbal extract of Jingyin granules (HEJG) against human drug-metabolizing enzymes and to clarify whether HEJG can modulate the pharmacokinetic profiles of Western drug(s) in vivo. The results clearly demonstrated that HEJG dose-dependently inhibited human CES1A, CES2A, CYPs1A, 2A6, 2C8, 2C9, 2D6, and 2E1; this herbal medicine also time- and NADPH-dependently inhibited human CYP2C19 and CYP3A. In vivo tests showed that HEJG significantly increased the plasma exposure of lopinavir (a CYP3A-substrate drug) by 2.43-fold and strongly prolonged its half-life by 1.91-fold when HEJG (3 g/kg) was co-administered with lopinavir to rats. Further investigation revealed licochalcone A, licochalcone B, licochalcone C and echinatin in Radix Glycyrrhizae, as well as quercetin and kaempferol in Folium Llicis Purpureae, to be time-dependent CYP3A inhibitors. Collectively, our findings reveal that HEJG modulates the pharmacokinetics of CYP substrate-drug(s) by inactivating CYP3A, providing key information for both clinicians and patients to use herb-drug combinations for antiviral therapy in a scientific and reasonable way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- grid.412540.60000 0001 2372 7462Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Wei Liu
- grid.412540.60000 0001 2372 7462Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Jian Huang
- grid.412540.60000 0001 2372 7462Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 China ,Pharmacology and Toxicology Division, Shanghai Institute of Food and Drug Control, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Qi-long Chen
- grid.412540.60000 0001 2372 7462Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Dan-dan Wang
- SPH Xing Ling Sci. & Tech. Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 201703 China
| | - Li-wei Zou
- grid.412540.60000 0001 2372 7462Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Yong-fang Zhao
- grid.412540.60000 0001 2372 7462Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 China ,grid.412540.60000 0001 2372 7462Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Wei-dong Zhang
- grid.412540.60000 0001 2372 7462Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Jian-guang Xu
- grid.412540.60000 0001 2372 7462Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Hong-zhuan Chen
- grid.412540.60000 0001 2372 7462Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Guang-bo Ge
- grid.412540.60000 0001 2372 7462Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 China
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Hall A, Chanteux H, Ménochet K, Ledecq M, Schulze MSED. Designing Out PXR Activity on Drug Discovery Projects: A Review of Structure-Based Methods, Empirical and Computational Approaches. J Med Chem 2021; 64:6413-6522. [PMID: 34003642 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c02245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This perspective discusses the role of pregnane xenobiotic receptor (PXR) in drug discovery and the impact of its activation on CYP3A4 induction. The use of structural biology to reduce PXR activity on drug discovery projects has become more common in recent years. Analysis of this work highlights several important molecular interactions, and the resultant structural modifications to reduce PXR activity are summarized. The computational approaches undertaken to support the design of new drugs devoid of PXR activation potential are also discussed. Finally, the SAR of empirical design strategies to reduce PXR activity is reviewed, and the key SAR transformations are discussed and summarized. In conclusion, this perspective demonstrates that PXR activity can be greatly diminished or negated on active drug discovery projects with the knowledge now available. This perspective should be useful to anyone who seeks to reduce PXR activity on a drug discovery project.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Hall
- UCB, Avenue de l'Industrie, Braine-L'Alleud 1420, Belgium
| | | | | | - Marie Ledecq
- UCB, Avenue de l'Industrie, Braine-L'Alleud 1420, Belgium
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Amaeze O, Eng H, Horlbogen L, Varma MVS, Slitt A. Cytochrome P450 Enzyme Inhibition and Herb-Drug Interaction Potential of Medicinal Plant Extracts Used for Management of Diabetes in Nigeria. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2021; 46:437-450. [PMID: 33844145 DOI: 10.1007/s13318-021-00685-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The use of herbal medicines is common in Africa, and patients often use a combination of herbs and drugs. Concurrent herbal and pharmaceuticals treatments can cause adverse effects through herb-drug interactions (HDI). This study evaluated the potential risk of HDI for five medicinal plants, Vernonia amygdalina, Ocimum gratissimum, Moringa oleifera, Azadirachta indica, and Picralima nitida, using in vitro assays. Patients with diabetes and some other disease conditions commonly use these medicinal plants in Nigeria, and little is known regarding their potential for drug interaction, despite their enormous use. METHODS Crude extracts of the medicinal plants were evaluated for reversible and time-dependent inhibition (TDI) activity of six cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes using pooled human liver microsomes and cocktail probe-based assays. Enzyme activity was determined by quantifying marker metabolites' formation using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry. The drug interaction potential was predicted for each herbal extract using the in vitro half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values and the percentage yield. RESULTS O. gratissimum methanol extracts reversibly inhibited CYP 1A2, 2C8, 2C9 and 2C19 enzymes (IC50: 6.21 µg/ml, 2.96 µg/ml, 3.33 µg/ml and 1.37 µg/ml, respectively). Additionally, V. amygdalina methanol extract inhibited CYP2C8 activity (IC50: 5.71 µg/ml); P. nitida methanol and aqueous extracts inhibited CYP2D6 activity (IC50: 1.99 µg/ml and 2.36 µg/ml, respectively) while A. indica methanol extract inhibited CYP 3A4/5, 2C8 and 2C9 activity (IC50: 7.31 µg/ml, 9.97 µg/ml and 9.20 µg/ml, respectively). The extracts showed a potential for TDI of the enzymes when incubated at 200 µg/ml; V. amygdalina and A. indica methanol extracts exhibited TDI potential for all the major CYPs. CONCLUSIONS The medicinal plants inhibited CYP activity in vitro, with the potential to cause in vivo HDI. Clinical risk assessment and proactive monitoring are recommended for patients who use these medicinal plants concurrently with drugs that are cleared through CYP metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ogochukwu Amaeze
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, 7 Greenhouse Rd, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Heather Eng
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Inc., Groton, CT, USA
| | - Lauren Horlbogen
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Inc., Groton, CT, USA
| | | | - Angela Slitt
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, 7 Greenhouse Rd, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA.
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Peng Y, Cheng Z, Xie F. Evaluation of Pharmacokinetic Drug-Drug Interactions: A Review of the Mechanisms, In Vitro and In Silico Approaches. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11020075. [PMID: 33513941 PMCID: PMC7912632 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11020075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacokinetic drug–drug interactions (DDIs) occur when a drug alters the absorption, transport, distribution, metabolism or excretion of a co-administered agent. The occurrence of pharmacokinetic DDIs may result in the increase or the decrease of drug concentrations, which can significantly affect the drug efficacy and safety in patients. Enzyme-mediated DDIs are of primary concern, while the transporter-mediated DDIs are less understood but also important. In this review, we presented an overview of the different mechanisms leading to DDIs, the in vitro experimental tools for capturing the factors affecting DDIs, and in silico methods for quantitative predictions of DDIs. We also emphasized the power and strategy of physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models for the assessment of DDIs, which can integrate relevant in vitro data to simulate potential drug interaction in vivo. Lastly, we pointed out the future directions and challenges for the evaluation of pharmacokinetic DDIs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Feifan Xie
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0731-8265-0446
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Walker PA, Ryder S, Lavado A, Dilworth C, Riley RJ. The evolution of strategies to minimise the risk of human drug-induced liver injury (DILI) in drug discovery and development. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:2559-2585. [PMID: 32372214 PMCID: PMC7395068 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02763-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Early identification of toxicity associated with new chemical entities (NCEs) is critical in preventing late-stage drug development attrition. Liver injury remains a leading cause of drug failures in clinical trials and post-approval withdrawals reflecting the poor translation between traditional preclinical animal models and human clinical outcomes. For this reason, preclinical strategies have evolved over recent years to incorporate more sophisticated human in vitro cell-based models with multi-parametric endpoints. This review aims to highlight the evolution of the strategies adopted to improve human hepatotoxicity prediction in drug discovery and compares/contrasts these with recent activities in our lab. The key role of human exposure and hepatic drug uptake transporters (e.g. OATPs, OAT2) is also elaborated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Walker
- Cyprotex Discovery Ltd., No.24 Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, SK10 4TG, UK.
| | - Stephanie Ryder
- Cyprotex Discovery Ltd., No.24 Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, SK10 4TG, UK
| | - Andrea Lavado
- Cyprotex Discovery Ltd., No.24 Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, SK10 4TG, UK
| | - Clive Dilworth
- Cyprotex Discovery Ltd., No.24 Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, SK10 4TG, UK.,Alderley Park Accelerator, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, SK10 4TG, UK
| | - Robert J Riley
- Cyprotex Discovery Ltd., No.24 Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, SK10 4TG, UK
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Paludetto M, Puisset F, Chatelut E, Arellano C. Identifying the reactive metabolites of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in a comprehensive approach: Implications for drug‐drug interactions and hepatotoxicity. Med Res Rev 2019; 39:2105-2152. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marie‐Noëlle Paludetto
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, INSERMUMR1037Université de Toulouse Toulouse Cedex 1 France
- Faculté de PharmacieUniversité Paul Sabatier Toulouse France
- Département PharmacieInstitut Claudius Regaud, IUCT‐O Toulouse France
| | - Florent Puisset
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, INSERMUMR1037Université de Toulouse Toulouse Cedex 1 France
- Faculté de PharmacieUniversité Paul Sabatier Toulouse France
- Département PharmacieInstitut Claudius Regaud, IUCT‐O Toulouse France
| | - Etienne Chatelut
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, INSERMUMR1037Université de Toulouse Toulouse Cedex 1 France
- Faculté de PharmacieUniversité Paul Sabatier Toulouse France
| | - Cécile Arellano
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, INSERMUMR1037Université de Toulouse Toulouse Cedex 1 France
- Faculté de PharmacieUniversité Paul Sabatier Toulouse France
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Docci L, Parrott N, Krähenbühl S, Fowler S. Application of New Cellular and Microphysiological Systems to Drug Metabolism Optimization and Their Positioning Respective to In Silico Tools. SLAS DISCOVERY 2019; 24:523-536. [PMID: 30817893 DOI: 10.1177/2472555219831407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
New cellular model systems for drug metabolism applications, such as advanced 2D liver co-cultures, spheroids, and microphysiological systems (MPSs), offer exciting opportunities to reproduce human biology more closely in vitro with the aim of improving predictions of pharmacokinetics, drug-drug interactions, and efficacy. These advanced cellular systems have quickly become established for human intrinsic clearance determination and have been validated for several other absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) applications. Adoption will be driven through the demonstration of clear added value, for instance, by more accurate and precise clearance predictions and by more reliable extrapolation of drug interaction potential leading to faster progression to pivotal proof-of-concept studies. New experimental systems are attractive when they can (1) increase experimental capacity, removing optimization bottlenecks; (2) improve measurement quality of ADME properties that impact pharmacokinetics; and (3) enable measurements to be made that were not previously possible, reducing risk in ADME prediction and candidate selection. As new systems become established, they will find their place in the repository of tools used at different stages of the research and development process, depending on the balance of value, throughput, and cost. In this article, we give a perspective on the integration of these new methodologies into ADME optimization during drug discovery, and the likely applications and impacts on drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Docci
- 1 Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Centre Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,2 Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Neil Parrott
- 1 Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Centre Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Stephen Fowler
- 1 Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Centre Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Wang F, Wu Y, Zhang J, Wang H, Xie X, Ye X, Peng D, Chen W. Induction of Cytochrome P450 Involved in the Accelerated Blood Clearance Phenomenon Induced by PEGylated Liposomes In Vivo. Drug Metab Dispos 2019; 47:364-376. [PMID: 30674617 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.118.085340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is recognized as an attractive excipient to modify liposomes due to its extended-circulation properties. Nevertheless, intravenous injection of polyethylene glycol-coated liposomes (PEG-L) usually triggers a rapid systemic clearance of the subsequent dose from blood circulation, which is referred to as an accelerated blood clearance (ABC) phenomenon. Therefore, since the induction of cytochrome P450 (P450) activity may lead to enhanced drug clearance, it motivated us to investigate the possibility of P450 involvement in the ABC phenomenon. In this study, polyethylene glycol-coated liposomal docetaxel was prepared and used to evaluate the magnitude of the ABC phenomenon in rats induced by repeated injection of PEG-modified liposomes. Notably, the ABC phenomenon was observed when the time interval between two doses was from 1 to 7 days, and its magnitude reached the maximum level at 3 days before gradually decreasing the time. Meanwhile, increased activity of CYP3A1, CYP2C6, and CYP1A2 was detected when PEG-L was repeatedly injected in male rats at a 3-day interval. Consistently, the expression levels of hepatic CYP3A1, CYP2C6, and CYP1A2 were also significantly increased in the repeated injection groups and their levels were highest in the 3-day interval group. P450 selective inhibitors confirmed the inhibition of hepatic CYP3A1 was accompanied by an attenuated magnitude of the ABC phenomenon, which strongly suggests that P450s may be induced by repeated injection of PEG-L, thus favoring metabolic clearance of the second dose. Collectively, herein, for the first time we demonstrate that the contribution of P450s should not be ignored in the ABC phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengling Wang
- Institute of Drug Metabolism, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China (F.W., Y.W., H.W., X.X., X.Y., D.P., W.C.); Department of Pharmacy, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei, Anhui, China (F.W., X.Y.); and Center for Drug Delivery Systems, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (J.Z.)
| | - Yifan Wu
- Institute of Drug Metabolism, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China (F.W., Y.W., H.W., X.X., X.Y., D.P., W.C.); Department of Pharmacy, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei, Anhui, China (F.W., X.Y.); and Center for Drug Delivery Systems, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (J.Z.)
| | - Jiwen Zhang
- Institute of Drug Metabolism, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China (F.W., Y.W., H.W., X.X., X.Y., D.P., W.C.); Department of Pharmacy, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei, Anhui, China (F.W., X.Y.); and Center for Drug Delivery Systems, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (J.Z.)
| | - Huihui Wang
- Institute of Drug Metabolism, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China (F.W., Y.W., H.W., X.X., X.Y., D.P., W.C.); Department of Pharmacy, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei, Anhui, China (F.W., X.Y.); and Center for Drug Delivery Systems, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (J.Z.)
| | - Xiaoting Xie
- Institute of Drug Metabolism, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China (F.W., Y.W., H.W., X.X., X.Y., D.P., W.C.); Department of Pharmacy, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei, Anhui, China (F.W., X.Y.); and Center for Drug Delivery Systems, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (J.Z.)
| | - Xi Ye
- Institute of Drug Metabolism, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China (F.W., Y.W., H.W., X.X., X.Y., D.P., W.C.); Department of Pharmacy, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei, Anhui, China (F.W., X.Y.); and Center for Drug Delivery Systems, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (J.Z.)
| | - Daiyin Peng
- Institute of Drug Metabolism, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China (F.W., Y.W., H.W., X.X., X.Y., D.P., W.C.); Department of Pharmacy, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei, Anhui, China (F.W., X.Y.); and Center for Drug Delivery Systems, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (J.Z.)
| | - Weidong Chen
- Institute of Drug Metabolism, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China (F.W., Y.W., H.W., X.X., X.Y., D.P., W.C.); Department of Pharmacy, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei, Anhui, China (F.W., X.Y.); and Center for Drug Delivery Systems, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (J.Z.)
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11
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Hakkola J, Bernasconi C, Coecke S, Richert L, Andersson TB, Pelkonen O. Cytochrome P450 Induction and Xeno-Sensing Receptors Pregnane X Receptor, Constitutive Androstane Receptor, Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor and Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor α at the Crossroads of Toxicokinetics and Toxicodynamics. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jukka Hakkola
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Pharmacology and Toxicology; Faculty of Medicine; University of Oulu; Oulu Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu; University of Oulu; Oulu Finland
| | | | - Sandra Coecke
- European Commission Joint Research Centre; EURL ECVAM; Ispra Italy
| | | | - Tommy B. Andersson
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics; Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases; IMED Biotech Unit; AstraZeneca; Gothenburg Sweden
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology; Section of Pharmacogenetics; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Olavi Pelkonen
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Pharmacology and Toxicology; Faculty of Medicine; University of Oulu; Oulu Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu; University of Oulu; Oulu Finland
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12
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Williamson B, Riley RJ. Hepatic transporter drug-drug interactions: an evaluation of approaches and methodologies. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2017; 13:1237-1250. [PMID: 29121476 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2017.1404028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Drug-drug interactions (DDIs) continue to account for 5% of hospital admissions and therefore remain a major regulatory concern. Effective, quantitative prediction of DDIs will reduce unexpected clinical findings and encourage projects to frontload DDI investigations rather than concentrating on risk management ('manage the baggage') later in drug development. A key challenge in DDI prediction is the discrepancies between reported models. Areas covered: The current synopsis focuses on four recent influential publications on hepatic drug transporter DDIs using static models that tackle interactions with individual transporters and in combination with other drug transporters and metabolising enzymes. These models vary in their assumptions (including input parameters), transparency, reproducibility and complexity. In this review, these facets are compared and contrasted with recommendations made as to their application. Expert opinion: Over the past decade, static models have evolved from simple [I]/ki models to incorporate victim and perpetrator disposition mechanisms including the absorption rate constant, the fraction of the drug metabolised/eliminated and/or clearance concepts. Nonetheless, models that comprise additional parameters and complexity do not necessarily out-perform simpler models with fewer inputs. Further, consideration of the property space to exploit some drug target classes has also highlighted the fine balance required between frontloading and back-loading studies to design out or 'manage the baggage'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth Williamson
- a Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics , Evotec , Abingdon , UK
| | - Robert J Riley
- a Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics , Evotec , Abingdon , UK
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13
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Salerno SN, Edginton A, Cohen‐Wolkowiez M, Hornik CP, Watt KM, Jamieson BD, Gonzalez D. Development of an Adult Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Model of Solithromycin in Plasma and Epithelial Lining Fluid. CPT-PHARMACOMETRICS & SYSTEMS PHARMACOLOGY 2017; 6:814-822. [PMID: 29068158 PMCID: PMC5744174 DOI: 10.1002/psp4.12252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Solithromycin is a fluoroketolide antibiotic under investigation for community-acquired bacterial pneumonia (CABP). We developed a whole-body physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for solithromycin in adults using PK-Sim and MoBi version 6.2, which incorporated time-dependent CYP3A4 auto-inhibition. The model was developed and evaluated using plasma and epithelial lining fluid (ELF) concentration data from 100 healthy subjects and 22 patients with CABP (1,966 plasma, 30 ELF samples). We performed population simulations and calculated the number of observations falling outside the 90% prediction interval. For the oral regimen (800 mg on day 1 and 400 mg daily on days 2-5) that was evaluated in phase III studies, 11% and 23% of observations from healthy adults fell outside the 90% prediction interval for plasma and ELF, respectively. This regimen should be effective because ≥97% of simulated adults achieved area under the concentration vs. time curve (AUC) to minimum inhibitory concentration ratios associated with a log10 colony forming unit reduction in ELF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara N. Salerno
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of PharmacyThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Andrea Edginton
- School of PharmacyUniversity of WaterlooKitchenerOntarioCanada
| | - Michael Cohen‐Wolkowiez
- Department of PediatricsDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical CenterDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Christoph P. Hornik
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of PharmacyThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
- Department of PediatricsDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical CenterDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Kevin M. Watt
- Department of PediatricsDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical CenterDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | | | - Daniel Gonzalez
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of PharmacyThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
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Williamson B, Lorbeer M, Mitchell MD, Brayman TG, Riley RJ. Evaluation of a novel PXR-knockout in HepaRG ™ cells. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2016; 4:e00264. [PMID: 27713827 PMCID: PMC5045942 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear pregnane X receptor (PXR) regulates the expression of genes involved in the metabolism, hepatobiliary disposition, and toxicity of drugs and endogenous compounds. PXR is a promiscuous nuclear hormone receptor (NHR) with significant ligand and DNA‐binding crosstalk with the constitutive androstane receptor (CAR); hence, defining the precise role of PXR in gene regulation is challenging. Here, utilising a novel PXR‐knockout (KO) HepaRG cell line, real‐time PCR analysis was conducted to determine PXR involvement for a range of inducers. The selective PXR agonist rifampicin, a selective CAR activator, 6‐(4‐chlorophenyl)imidazo[2,1‐b][1,3]thiazole‐5‐carbaldehyde O‐(3,4‐dichlorobenzyl)oxime (CITCO), and dual activators of CAR and PXR including phenobarbital (PB) were analyzed. HepaRG control cells (5F clone) were responsive to prototypical inducers of CYP2B6 and CYP3A4. No response was observed in the PXR‐KO cells treated with rifampicin. Induction of CYP3A4 by PB, artemisinin, and phenytoin was also much reduced in PXR‐KO cells, while the response to CITCO was maintained. This finding is in agreement with the abolition of functional PXR expression. The apparent EC50 values for PB were in agreement between the cell lines; however, CITCO was ~threefold (0.3 μmol/L vs. 1 μmol/L) lower in the PXR‐KO cells compared with the 5F cells for CYP2B6 induction. Results presented support the application of the novel PXR‐KO cells in the definitive assignment of PXR‐mediated CYP2B6 and CYP3A4 induction. Utilization of such cell lines will allow advancement in composing structure activity relationships rather than relying predominantly on pharmacological manipulations and provide in‐depth mechanistic evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth Williamson
- Evotec (UK) Ltd 114 Innovation Drive Abingdon Oxfordshire OX14 4RZ United Kingdom
| | - Mathias Lorbeer
- Evotec (UK) Ltd 114 Innovation Drive Abingdon Oxfordshire OX14 4RZ United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Robert J Riley
- Evotec (UK) Ltd 114 Innovation Drive Abingdon Oxfordshire OX14 4RZ United Kingdom
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