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Akkuş A, Belviranli M, Şap F, Okudan N. Assessment of Structure, Function, and Rhythm of the Heart with Echocardiography and Electrocardiography in Adolescent Swimmers. Pediatr Cardiol 2021; 42:182-188. [PMID: 32965565 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-020-02469-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the cardiac parameters by using electrocardiography and echocardiography in adolescent swimmers. Twenty-two adolescent swimmers and 22 gender- and age-matched sedentary controls admitted to our center between November 2018 and May 2019 were included in this study. In addition to demographical characteristics, participants were assessed via a 12-lead electrocardiography and two-dimensional echocardiography for cardiac function. On the echocardiography, end-systolic and end-diastolic interventricular septum, end-systolic and end-diastolic left ventricular posterior wall thicknesses, left atrial width, Tricuspid E, left ventricular mass and left ventricular mass index were higher in the swimmers when compared to the sedentary controls (P < 0.05). On the electrocardiography, Tp-e duration which reflects ventricular transmural repolarization, and Tp-e/QT and Tp-e/corrected QT ratios were higher in the swimmers than the sedentary controls (P < 0.05). In conclusion, swimming exercise in children leads to concentric thickening of left ventricle and induces an increase in Tp-e duration, and Tp-e/QT and Tp-e/corrected QT ratios, which are the novel markers for risk of ventricular arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Akkuş
- Department of Paediatrics, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Muaz Belviranli
- Division of Sports Physiology, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Selçuk University, 42131, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Fatih Şap
- Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Department of Paediatrics, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Nilsel Okudan
- Division of Sports Physiology, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Selçuk University, 42131, Konya, Turkey
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2
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Echocardiographic and hemodynamic indices of myocardial contractility simultaneously evaluated in telemetered beagle dogs: A HESI-sponsored cross-company evaluation. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2020; 105:106897. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2020.106897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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3
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Katsnelson BA, Klinova SV, Gerzen OP, Balakin AA, Lookin ON, Lisin RV, Nabiev SR, Privalova LI, Minigalieva IA, Panov VG, Katsnelson LB, Nikitina LV, Kuznetsov DA, Protsenko YL. Force-velocity characteristics of isolated myocardium preparations from rats exposed to subchronic intoxication with lead and cadmium acting separately or in combination. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 144:111641. [PMID: 32758638 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
This investigation continues our study of the effects of Pb-Cd poisoning on the heart, extending the enquiry from isometric to auxotonic contractions, thereby examining the effect on the ability of myocardial tissues to perform mechanical work. Different shifts were revealed in myocardial force-velocity relations following subchronic exposure of rats to lead acetate and cadmium chloride acting separately, in combination, or in combination with a bioprotective complex (BPC). The experiments were conducted on isolated preparations of trabecules and papillary muscles of the right ventricle in physiological loading conditions and on isolated heart muscle contractile proteins examined by the in vitro motility assay. The results of the latter correlate with the shifts in the ratio of cardiac myosin isoforms. The amount of work performed by the myocardium was calculated on the basis of the tension-shortening loop area and was found to be similar in the preparations from all experimental groups. This fact presumably reflects adaptive capacity of the myocardial function even when contractility is damaged due to the metallic intoxication of a moderate severity. Some characteristics of rat myocardium altered by the impact of lead-cadmium intoxication became fully or partly normalized if intoxication developed against background administration of a bioprotective complex (BPC). Together with previously reported results obtained in the isometric mode of contractility, all these results strengthen the scientific foundations of risk assessment and risk management projects in the occupational and environmental conditions characterized by human exposure to lead and/or cadmium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris A Katsnelson
- The Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, Yekaterinburg, Russia.
| | - Svetlana V Klinova
- The Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Oksana P Gerzen
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Alexander A Balakin
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Oleg N Lookin
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Ruslan V Lisin
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Salavat R Nabiev
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Larisa I Privalova
- The Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Ilzira A Minigalieva
- The Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Vladimir G Panov
- The Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, Yekaterinburg, Russia; The Institute of Industrial Ecology, The Urals Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Leonid B Katsnelson
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Larisa V Nikitina
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Daniil A Kuznetsov
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Yuri L Protsenko
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, Russia
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Pokorný M, Mrázová I, Kubátová H, Piťha J, Malý J, Pirk J, Maxová H, Melenovský V, Šochman J, Sadowski J, Červenka L, Čermák Z, Volenec K, Netuka I. Intraventricular placement of a spring expander does not attenuate cardiac atrophy of the healthy heart induced by unloading via heterotopic heart transplantation. Physiol Res 2019; 68:567-580. [PMID: 31177788 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
An important complication of the prolonged left ventricle assist device support in patients with heart failure is unloading-induced cardiac atrophy which proved resistant to various treatments. Heterotopic heart transplantation (HTx) is the usual experimental model to study this process. We showed previously that implantation of the newly designed intraventricular spring expander can attenuate the atrophy when examined after HTx in the failing heart (derived from animals with established heart failure). The present study aimed to examine if enhanced isovolumic loading achieved by implantation of the expander would attenuate cardiac post-HTx atrophy also in the healthy heart. Cardiac atrophy was assessed as the ratio of the transplanted-to-native heart weight (HW) and its degree was determined on days 7, 14, 21 and 28 after HTx. The transplantation resulted in 32±3, 46±2, 48±3 and 46±3 % HW loss when measured at the four time points; implantation of the expander had no significant effect on these decreases. We conclude that enhanced isovolumic loading achieved by intraventricular implantation of the expander does not attenuate the development of cardiac atrophy after HTx in the healthy heart. This indicates that such an approach does not represent a useful therapeutic measure to attenuate the development of unloading-induced cardiac atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pokorný
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Çetin E. Protective effect of ghrelin against tilmicosin-induced left ventricular dysfunction in rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2019; 97:407-412. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2018-0511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the possible protective effects of ghrelin against tilmicosin-induced acute ventricular dysfunction in rats. Forty adult male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 equal groups: control, ghrelin, tilmicosin, and ghrelin + tilmicosin. The left ventricular structural and functional parameters together with cardiac biomarker levels were evaluated. The results showed that tilmicosin treatment alone significantly decreased the left ventricular fractional shortening, left ventricular ejection fraction, left ventricular stroke volume, and cardiac output when compared with control group. In addition, tilmicosin led to a significant increase in left ventricular internal dimension in systole and left ventricular fractional end-systolic volume. At the same time, serum lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, and creatine kinase-myocardial B fraction levels were significantly increased in tilmicosin-treated group when compared with control group. However, ghrelin pretreatment significantly prevented the left ventricular internal dimension in systole, left ventricular fractional end-systolic volume, left ventricular stroke volume, left ventricular ejection fraction, left ventricular fractional shortening, and cardiac output changes caused by tilmicosin. Moreover, ghrelin pretreatment could reduce significantly serum lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, and creatine kinase-myocardial B fraction levels. These data indicated that ghrelin treatment may provide a protective effect against tilmicosin-induced left ventricular systolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebru Çetin
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey
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Cheah HY, Gallon E, Dumoulin F, Hoe SZ, Japundžić-Žigon N, Glumac S, Lee HB, Anand P, Chung LY, Vicent MJ, Kiew LV. Near-Infrared Activatable Phthalocyanine–Poly-L-Glutamic Acid Conjugate: Enhanced in Vivo Safety and Antitumor Efficacy toward an Effective Photodynamic Cancer Therapy. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:2594-2605. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Elena Gallon
- Polymer Therapeutics Lab, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Av. Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, E-46012 Valencia, Spain
| | - Fabienne Dumoulin
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, P.O Box 141, 41400 Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | | | - Nina Japundžić-Žigon
- Institute of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
| | - Sofija Glumac
- Institute of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
| | | | - Prem Anand
- Gasing Veterinary Hospital, Gasing Indah, 46000 Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Maria Jesus Vicent
- Polymer Therapeutics Lab, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Av. Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, E-46012 Valencia, Spain
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Cardiac Autonomic Neuropathy as a Result of Mild Hypercaloric Challenge in Absence of Signs of Diabetes: Modulation by Antidiabetic Drugs. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:9389784. [PMID: 29643979 PMCID: PMC5831709 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9389784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) is an early cardiovascular complication of diabetes occurring before metabolic derangement is evident. The cause of CAN remains elusive and cannot be directly linked to hyperglycemia. Recent clinical data report cardioprotective effects of some antidiabetic drugs independent of their hypoglycemic action. Here, we used a rat model receiving limited daily increase in calories from fat (HC diet) to assess whether mild metabolic challenge led to CAN in absence of interfering effects of hyperglycemia, glucose intolerance, or obesity. Rats receiving HC diet for 12 weeks showed reduction in baroreceptor sensitivity and heart rate variability despite lack of change in baseline hemodynamic and cardiovascular structural parameters. Impairment of cardiac autonomic control was accompanied with perivascular adipose inflammation observed as an increased inflammatory cytokine expression, together with increased cardiac oxidative stress, and signaling derangement characteristic of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Two-week treatment with metformin or pioglitazone rectified the autonomic derangement and corrected the molecular changes. Switching rats to normal chow but not to isocaloric amounts of HC for two weeks reversed CAN. As such, we conclude that adipose inflammation due to increased fat intake might underlie development of CAN and, hence, the beneficial effects of metformin and pioglitazone.
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Cheah HY, Šarenac O, Arroyo JJ, Vasić M, Lozić M, Glumac S, Hoe SZ, Hindmarch CCT, Murphy D, Kiew LV, Lee HB, Vicent MJ, Chung LY, Japundžić-Žigon N. Hemodynamic effects of HPMA copolymer based doxorubicin conjugate: A randomized controlled and comparative spectral study in conscious rats. Nanotoxicology 2017; 11:210-222. [PMID: 28098511 PMCID: PMC5964453 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2017.1285071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Conjugation of Doxorubicin (DOX) to N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methylacrylamide copolymer (HPMA) has significantly reduced the DOX-associated cardiotoxicity. However, the reports on the impact of HPMA–DOX conjugates on the cardiovascular system such as blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) were in restrained animals using tail cuff and/or other methods that lacked the resolution and sensitivity. Herein, we employed radiotelemetric-spectral-echocardiography approach to further understand the in vivo cardiovascular hemodynamics and variability post administration of free DOX and HPMA–DOX. Rats implanted with radio-telemetry device were administered intravenously with DOX (5 mg/kg), HPMA–DOX (5 mg DOX equivalent/kg) and HPMA copolymer and subjected to continuous cardiovascular monitoring and echocardiography for 140 days. We found that DOX-treated rats had ruffled fur, reduced body weight (BW) and a low survival rate. Although BP and HR were normal, spectral analysis indicated that their BP and HR variabilities were reduced. All rats exhibited typical signs of cardiotoxicity at histopathology. In contrast, HPMA–DOX rats gained weight over time and survived. Although BP, HR and related variabilities were unaffected, the left ventricular end diastolic volume (EDV) of these rats, as well as of the HPMA copolymer-treated rats, was found increased at the end of observation period. Additionally, HPMA copolymer caused microscopic injury of the heart tissue. All of these suggest the necessity of caution when employing HPMA as carrier for prolonged drug delivery. The current study also indicates the potential of radiotelemetric-spectral-echocardiography approach for improved preclinical cardiovascular risk assessment of polymer–drug conjugate and other nano-sized-drug constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoay Yan Cheah
- a Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine , University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Olivera Šarenac
- b Institute of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine , University of Belgrade , Republic of Serbia
| | - Juan J Arroyo
- c Polymer Therapeutics Lab , Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe , Valencia , Spain
| | - Marko Vasić
- b Institute of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine , University of Belgrade , Republic of Serbia
| | - Maja Lozić
- b Institute of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine , University of Belgrade , Republic of Serbia
| | - Sofija Glumac
- b Institute of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine , University of Belgrade , Republic of Serbia
| | - See Ziau Hoe
- d Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine , University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Charles Colin Thomas Hindmarch
- d Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine , University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia.,e Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences , School of Medicine, Queen's, University , Kingston, ON , Canada , UK
| | - David Murphy
- f Molecular Neuroendocrinology Research Group , The Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, University of Bristol , Bristol , England, UK
| | - Lik Voon Kiew
- a Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine , University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Hong Boon Lee
- g Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine , University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - María J Vicent
- c Polymer Therapeutics Lab , Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe , Valencia , Spain
| | - Lip Yong Chung
- g Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine , University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Nina Japundžić-Žigon
- b Institute of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine , University of Belgrade , Republic of Serbia
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9
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Cheah HY, Kiew LV, Lee HB, Japundžić-Žigon N, Vicent MJ, Hoe SZ, Chung LY. Preclinical safety assessments of nano-sized constructs on cardiovascular system toxicity: A case for telemetry. J Appl Toxicol 2017; 37:1268-1285. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.3437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hoay Yan Cheah
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine; University of Malaya; 50603 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Lik Voon Kiew
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine; University of Malaya; 50603 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Hong Boon Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine; University of Malaya; 50603 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Nina Japundžić-Žigon
- Institute of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine; University of Belgrade; Republic of Serbia
| | - Marίa J. Vicent
- Polymer Therapeutics Lab; Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe; Av. Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3 E-46012 Valencia Spain
| | - See Ziau Hoe
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine; University of Malaya; 50603 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Lip Yong Chung
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine; University of Malaya; 50603 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
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Hodgson A, Wier EM, Fu K, Sun X, Wan F. Ultrasound imaging of splenomegaly as a proxy to monitor colon tumor development in Apc(min716/+) mice. Cancer Med 2016; 5:2469-76. [PMID: 27485505 PMCID: PMC5055147 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal models of colon cancer are widely used to understand the molecular mechanisms and pathogenesis of the disease. These animal models require a substantial investment of time and traditionally necessitate the killing of the animal to measure the tumor progression. Several in vivo imaging techniques are being used in both human clinics and preclinical studies, albeit at high cost and requiring particular expertise. Here, we report that the progression of splenomegaly coincides with and positively correlates to colon tumor development in Apcmin716/+ mice expressing a mutant gene encoding an adenomatous polyposis coli protein truncated at amino acid 716. Ultrasound image‐based spleen size measurement precisely mirrors splenomegaly development in vivo in the tumor‐laden Apcmin716/+ mice. Moreover, the spleen dimensions extracted from the ultrasound sonograms are positively correlated with normalized spleen weight and the number and area of colon tumors. Hence, we propose measuring the spleen size in vivo by ultrasound imaging as a novel approach to estimate splenomegaly development and to indirectly monitor colon tumor development in Apcmin716/+ mice. The widespread use of ultrasound machines in the laboratory setting, coupled with the fact that it is a noninvasive method, make it a straightforward and useful tool for monitoring the experimental progress of colon cancer in mice and determining end points without killing animals strictly for diagnostics purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Hodgson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 21025
| | - Eric M Wier
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 21025
| | - Kai Fu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 21025
| | - Xin Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 21025
| | - Fengyi Wan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 21025. .,Department of Oncology and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 21287.
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11
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Translational assessment of cardiac contractility by echocardiography in the telemetered rat. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2016; 77:24-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2015.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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12
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Amouzadeh HR, Engwall MJ, Vargas HM. Safety Pharmacology Evaluation of Biopharmaceuticals. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2015; 229:385-404. [PMID: 26091648 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-46943-9_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Biotechnology-derived pharmaceuticals or biopharmaceuticals (BPs) are molecules such as monoclonal antibodies, soluble/decoy receptors, hormones, enzymes, cytokines, and growth factors that are produced in various biological expression systems and are used to diagnose, treat, or prevent various diseases. Safety pharmacology (SP) assessment of BPs has evolved since the approval of the first BP (recombinant human insulin) in 1982. This evolution is ongoing and is informed by various international harmonization guidelines. Based on these guidelines, the potential undesirable effect of every drug candidate (small molecule or BP) on the cardiovascular, central nervous, and respiratory systems, referred to as the "core battery," should be assessed prior to first-in-human administration. However, SP assessment of BPs poses unique challenges such as choice of test species and integration of SP parameters into repeat-dose toxicity studies. This chapter reviews the evolution of SP assessment of BPs using the approval packages of marketed BPs and discusses the past, current, and new and upcoming approach and methods that can be used to generate high-quality data for the assessment of SP of BPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid R Amouzadeh
- Global Patient Safety, Global Regulatory Affairs & Safety, Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
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Cools F, Dhuyvetter D, Vanlommel A, Janssens S, Borghys H, Geys H, Gallacher DJ. A translational assessment of preclinical versus clinical tools for the measurement of cardiac contractility: Comparison of LV dP/dtmax with echocardiography in telemetry implanted beagle dogs. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2014; 69:17-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2013.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Revised: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abduch MCD, Assad RS, Mathias W, Aiello VD. The echocardiography in the cardiovascular laboratory: a guide to research with animals. Arq Bras Cardiol 2013; 102:97-103. [PMID: 24652090 PMCID: PMC3987390 DOI: 10.5935/abc.20130239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The feasibility and potential for the morphological and hemodynamic investigation of
the heart has been increasing the use of the echocardiography in the research
setting. Additionally, the development of new technologies, like the real time 3D
echocardiography and speckle tracking, demands validation throughout experimental
studies before being instituted in the clinical setting. This paper aims to provide information concerning the particularities of the
echocardiographic examination in quadruped mammals, targeting the experimental
research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Renato Samy Assad
- Instituto do Coração, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São PauloSP, Brasil
| | - Wilson Mathias
- Instituto do Coração, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São PauloSP, Brasil
| | - Vera Demarchi Aiello
- Instituto do Coração, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São PauloSP, Brasil
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Laverty H, Benson C, Cartwright E, Cross M, Garland C, Hammond T, Holloway C, McMahon N, Milligan J, Park B, Pirmohamed M, Pollard C, Radford J, Roome N, Sager P, Singh S, Suter T, Suter W, Trafford A, Volders P, Wallis R, Weaver R, York M, Valentin J. How can we improve our understanding of cardiovascular safety liabilities to develop safer medicines? Br J Pharmacol 2011; 163:675-93. [PMID: 21306581 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01255.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Given that cardiovascular safety liabilities remain a major cause of drug attrition during preclinical and clinical development, adverse drug reactions, and post-approval withdrawal of medicines, the Medical Research Council Centre for Drug Safety Science hosted a workshop to discuss current challenges in determining, understanding and addressing 'Cardiovascular Toxicity of Medicines'. This article summarizes the key discussions from the workshop that aimed to address three major questions: (i) what are the key cardiovascular safety liabilities in drug discovery, drug development and clinical practice? (ii) how good are preclinical and clinical strategies for detecting cardiovascular liabilities? and (iii) do we have a mechanistic understanding of these liabilities? It was concluded that in order to understand, address and ultimately reduce cardiovascular safety liabilities of new therapeutic agents there is an urgent need to: • Fully characterize the incidence, prevalence and impact of drug-induced cardiovascular issues at all stages of the drug development process. • Ascertain the predictive value of existing non-clinical models and assays towards the clinical outcome. • Understand the mechanistic basis of cardiovascular liabilities; by addressing areas where it is currently not possible to predict clinical outcome based on preclinical safety data. • Provide scientists in all disciplines with additional skills to enable them to better integrate preclinical and clinical data and to better understand the biological and clinical significance of observed changes. • Develop more appropriate, highly relevant and predictive tools and assays to identify and wherever feasible to eliminate cardiovascular safety liabilities from molecules and wherever appropriate to develop clinically relevant and reliable safety biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hg Laverty
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, The University of Liverpool, Merseyside, UK
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Sarazan RD, Mittelstadt S, Guth B, Koerner J, Zhang J, Pettit S. Cardiovascular Function in Nonclinical Drug Safety Assessment. Int J Toxicol 2011; 30:272-86. [DOI: 10.1177/1091581811398963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
There are several recent examples where clinically significant, safety-related, drug effects on hemodynamics or cardiac function were not apparent until large clinical trials were completed or the drugs entered the consumer market. Such late-stage safety issues can have significant impact on patient health and consumer confidence, as well as ramifications for the regulatory, pharmaceutical, and financial communities. This manuscript provides recommendations that evolved from a 2009 HESI workshop on the need for improved translation of nonclinical cardiovascular effects to the clinical arena. The authors conclude that expanded and improved efforts to perform sensitive yet specific evaluations of functional cardiovascular parameters in nonclinical studies will allow pharmaceutical companies to identify suspect drugs early in the discovery and development process while allowing promising drugs to proceed into clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Brian Guth
- Boehringer Ingelheim, Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany
| | - John Koerner
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Joanne Zhang
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
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Swindle MM, Makin A, Herron AJ, Clubb FJ, Frazier KS. Swine as models in biomedical research and toxicology testing. Vet Pathol 2011; 49:344-56. [PMID: 21441112 DOI: 10.1177/0300985811402846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 883] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Swine are considered to be one of the major animal species used in translational research, surgical models, and procedural training and are increasingly being used as an alternative to the dog or monkey as the choice of nonrodent species in preclinical toxicologic testing of pharmaceuticals. There are unique advantages to the use of swine in this setting given that they share with humans similar anatomic and physiologic characteristics involving the cardiovascular, urinary, integumentary, and digestive systems. However, the investigator needs to be familiar with important anatomic, histopathologic, and clinicopathologic features of the laboratory pig and minipig in order to put background lesions or xenobiotically induced toxicologic changes in their proper perspective and also needs to consider specific anatomic differences when using the pig as a surgical model. Ethical considerations, as well as the existence of significant amounts of background data, from a regulatory perspective, provide further support for the use of this species in experimental or pharmaceutical research studies. It is likely that pigs and minipigs will become an increasingly important animal model for research and pharmaceutical development applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Swindle
- Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Comparative Medicine, MSC 777, 114 Doughty St, Charleston, SC 29425-7770, USA.
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Engle SK, Solter PF, Credille KM, Bull CM, Adams S, Berna MJ, Schultze AE, Rothstein EC, Cockman MD, Pritt ML, Liu H, Lu Y, Chiang AY, Watson DE. Detection of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Rats Administered a Peroxisome Proliferator–Activated Receptor α/γ Dual Agonist Using Natriuretic Peptides and Imaging. Toxicol Sci 2009; 114:183-92. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfp311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Short- and Long-Term Cardioprotective Effect of Darbepoetin-α: Role of Bcl-2 Family Proteins. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2009; 54:223-31. [DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0b013e3181b04d01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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