1
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Bano N, Parveen S, Saeed M, Siddiqui S, Abohassan M, Mir SS. Drug Repurposing of Selected Antibiotics: An Emerging Approach in Cancer Drug Discovery. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:26762-26779. [PMID: 38947816 PMCID: PMC11209889 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c00617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Drug repurposing is a method of investigating new therapeutic applications for previously approved medications. This repurposing approach to "old" medications is now highly efficient, simple to arrange, and cost-effective and poses little risk of failure in treating a variety of disorders, including cancer. Drug repurposing for cancer therapy is currently a key topic of study. It is a way of exploring recent therapeutic applications for already-existing drugs. Theoretically, the repurposing strategy has various advantages over the recognized challenges of creating new molecular entities, including being faster, safer, easier, and less expensive. In the real world, several medications have been repurposed, including aspirin, metformin, and chloroquine. However, doctors and scientists address numerous challenges when repurposing drugs, such as the fact that most drugs are not cost-effective and are resistant to bacteria. So the goal of this review is to gather information regarding repurposing pharmaceuticals to make them more cost-effective and harder for bacteria to resist. Cancer patients are more susceptible to bacterial infections. Due to their weak immune systems, antibiotics help protect them from a variety of infectious diseases. Although antibiotics are not immune boosters, they do benefit the defense system by killing bacteria and slowing the growth of cancer cells. Their use also increases the therapeutic efficacy and helps avoid recurrence. Of late, antibiotics have been repurposed as potent anticancer agents because of the evolutionary relationship between the prokaryotic genome and mitochondrial DNA of eukaryotes. Anticancer antibiotics that prevent cancer cells from growing by interfering with their DNA and blocking growth of promoters, which include anthracyclines, daunorubicin, epirubicin, mitoxantrone, doxorubicin, and idarubicin, are another type of FDA-approved antibiotics used to treat cancer. According to the endosymbiotic hypothesis, prokaryotes and eukaryotes are thought to have an evolutionary relationship. Hence, in this study, we are trying to explore antibiotics that are necessary for treating diseases, including cancer, helping people reduce deaths associated with various infections, and substantially extending people's life expectancy and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilofer Bano
- Molecular
Cell Biology Laboratory, Integral Centre of Excellence for Interdisciplinary
Research (ICEIR-4), Integral University, Kursi Road, Lucknow 226026, India
- Department
of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Integral University, Kursi Road, Lucknow 226026, India
| | - Sana Parveen
- Molecular
Cell Biology Laboratory, Integral Centre of Excellence for Interdisciplinary
Research (ICEIR-4), Integral University, Kursi Road, Lucknow 226026, India
- Department
of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Integral
University, Kursi Road, Lucknow 226026, India
| | - Mohd Saeed
- Department
of Biology, College of Sciences, University
of Hail, P.O. Box 2240, Hail 55476, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samra Siddiqui
- Department
of Health Services Management, College of Public Health and Health
Informatics, University of Hail, Hail 55476, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Abohassan
- Department
of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Snober S. Mir
- Molecular
Cell Biology Laboratory, Integral Centre of Excellence for Interdisciplinary
Research (ICEIR-4), Integral University, Kursi Road, Lucknow 226026, India
- Department
of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Integral
University, Kursi Road, Lucknow 226026, India
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2
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Hussein AA, Jafar NNA, Ma Y. Elucidating the Mechanism of Tetrahydrofuran-Diol Formation through Os(VI)-Catalyzed Oxidative Cyclization of 5,6-Dihydroxyalkenes Ligated by Citric Acid. J Org Chem 2024; 89:6892-6902. [PMID: 38701335 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
A computational study is reported here on the mechanism of tetrahydrofuran (THF)-diol formation from the Os(VI)-catalyzed oxidative cyclization of 5,6-dihydroxyalkene ligated with citric acid and in the presence of Bro̷nsted acid. Initiated by Os(VI) dioxo citrate formation, coordination of co-oxidant pyridine-N-oxide (PNO) and protonation of its oxo group generate the active catalyst. The catalytic cycle commences through successive steps, including dihydroxyalkene addition to the active catalyst in a concerted mechanism to form hexacoordinated alkoxy-protonated PNO-complexed Os(VI) bisglycolate as a turnover-limiting step (TLS), cyclization to Os(IV) THF-diolate, reoxidation to Os(VI) THF-diolate, and hydrolysis via a dissociative mechanism to furnish the THF-diol and regenerate the active species, sustaining the catalytic cycle through an Os(VI)/Os(IV) cycle. Despite the overall exergonic nature of catalytic cycle (ΔGrcycle = -45.0 kcal/mol), the TLS is accelerated by the formation of an open-valence 16-electron Os(VI) intermediate but decelerated by the undesired formation of a saturated/hexacoordinate 18-electron Os(VI) intermediate. Bro̷nsted acid plays crucial roles in the formation of Os(VI) citrate and the active catalyst, impediment of the second cycle, and the cyclization step. Additionally, besides its role as a co-oxidant, and in the presence of acid, PNO is found to assist the insertion of dihydroxyalkene and, importantly, in releasing the THF-diol to regenerate the active intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aqeel A Hussein
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Al-Qasim Green University, Al-Qasim, Babylon 51013, Iraq
- Al-Zahraa Center for Medical and Pharmaceutical Research Sciences (ZCMRS), Al-Zahraa University for Women, Karbala 56001, Iraq
| | - Nadhir N A Jafar
- Al-Zahraa Center for Medical and Pharmaceutical Research Sciences (ZCMRS), Al-Zahraa University for Women, Karbala 56001, Iraq
| | - Yumiao Ma
- BSJ Institute, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Orienda Instrument Co. Ltd., Beijing 102200, People's Republic of China
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3
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Zheng Y, Feng J, Yu Y, Ling M, Song Y, Xie H, Zhang M, Li W, Wang X. Anti-Coronavirus Potential of Polyether Ionophores: The New Application of Veterinary Antibiotics in Livestock. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:10640-10654. [PMID: 38661066 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c01130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Coronaviruses have consistently posed a major global concern in the field of livestock industry and public health. However, there is currently a lack of efficient drugs with broad-spectrum antiviral activity to address the challenges presented by emerging mutated strains or drug resistance. Additionally, the method for identifying multitarget drugs is also insufficient. Aminopeptidase N (APN) and 3C-like proteinase (3CLpro) represent promising targets for host-directed and virus-directed strategies, respectively, in the development of effective drugs against various coronaviruses. In this study, maduramycin ammonium demonstrated a broad-spectrum antiviral effect by targeting both of the proteins. The binding domains 4 Å from the ligand of both target proteins shared a structural similarity, suggesting that screening and designing drugs based on these domains might exhibit broad-spectrum and highly effective antiviral activity. Furthermore, it was identified that the polyether ionophores' ability to carry zinc ion might be one of the reasons why they were able to target APN and exhibit antiviral effect. The findings of this experiment provide novel perspectives for future drug screening and design, while also offering valuable references for the utilization of polyether ionophores in the management of livestock health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youle Zheng
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Jin Feng
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Yixin Yu
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Min Ling
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Yanbin Song
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Haijiao Xie
- Hangzhou Yanqu Information Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
| | - Mengjia Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wentao Li
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xu Wang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
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4
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Borcher Møller SL, Rasmussen MH, Li J, Svenningsen EB, Wørmer GJ, Tørring T, Poulsen TB. The Biological Activities of Polyether Ionophore Antibiotic Routiennocin is Independent of Absolute Stereochemistry. Chembiochem 2024; 25:e202400013. [PMID: 38329925 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202400013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Carboxylic polyether ionophores (CPIs) are among the most prevalent agricultural antibiotics (notably in the US) and these compounds have been in use for decades. The potential to reposition CPIs beyond veterinary use, e. g. through chemical modifications to enhance their selectivity window, is an exciting challenge and opportunity, considering their general resilience towards resistance development. Given the very large societal impact of these somewhat controversial compounds, it is surprising that many aspects of their mechanisms and activities in cells remain unclear. Here, we report comparative biological activities of the CPI routiennocin and two stereoisomers, including its enantiomer. We used an efficient convergent synthesis strategy to access the compounds and conducted a broad survey of antibacterial activities against planktonic cells and biofilms as well as the compounds' effects on mammalian cells, the latter assessed both via standard cell viability assays and broad morphological profiling. Interestingly, similar bioactivity of the enantiomeric pair was observed across all assays, strongly suggesting that chiral interactions do not play a decisive role in the mode of action. Overall, our findings are consistent with a mechanistic model involving highly dynamic behaviour of CPIs in biological membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michelle H Rasmussen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Esben B Svenningsen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Gustav J Wørmer
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Thomas Tørring
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Thomas B Poulsen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
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5
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Ruskin J, Sachs RK, Wang M, Dekeyser R, Lew Z, Williams P, Hwang H, Majumdar A, Dudding T, Lectka T. Metal Ion-Induced Large Fragment Deactivation: A Different Strategy for Site-Selectivity in a Complex Molecule. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202317070. [PMID: 38063469 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202317070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Complex natural product functionalizations generally involve the use of highly engineered reagents, catalysts, or enzymes to react exclusively at a desired site through lowering of a select transition state energy. In this communication, we report a new, complementary strategy in which all transition states representing undesirable sites in a complex ionophore substrate are simultaneously energetically increased through the chelation of a metal ion to the large fragment we wish to neutralize. In the case of an electrophilic, radical based fluorination reaction, charge repulsion (electric field effects), induced steric effects, and electron withdrawal provide the necessary deactivation and proof of principle to afford a highly desirable natural product derivative. We envisage that many other electrophilic or charge based synthetic methods may be amenable to this approach as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonah Ruskin
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400N. Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Roseann K Sachs
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Messiah University, One University Avenue, Mechanicsburg, PA 17055, USA
| | - Muyuan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400N. Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Roxanne Dekeyser
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, L2S3A1, Canada
| | - Zachary Lew
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400N. Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Phoebe Williams
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400N. Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Habin Hwang
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400N. Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Ananya Majumdar
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400N. Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Travis Dudding
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, L2S3A1, Canada
| | - Thomas Lectka
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400N. Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
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6
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Bagde SR, Kim CY. Architecture of full-length type I modular polyketide synthases revealed by X-ray crystallography, cryo-electron microscopy, and AlphaFold2. Nat Prod Rep 2024. [PMID: 38501175 DOI: 10.1039/d3np00060e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Covering: up to the end of 2023Type I modular polyketide synthases construct polyketide natural products in an assembly line-like fashion, where the growing polyketide chain attached to an acyl carrier protein is passed from catalytic domain to catalytic domain. These enzymes have immense potential in drug development since they can be engineered to produce non-natural polyketides by strategically adding, exchanging, and deleting individual catalytic domains. In practice, however, this approach frequently results in complete failures or dramatically reduced product yields. A comprehensive understanding of modular polyketide synthase architecture is expected to resolve these issues. We summarize the three-dimensional structures and the proposed mechanisms of three full-length modular polyketide synthases, Lsd14, DEBS module 1, and PikAIII. We also describe the advantages and limitations of using X-ray crystallography, cryo-electron microscopy, and AlphaFold2 to study intact type I polyketide synthases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saket R Bagde
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Chu-Young Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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7
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Warsi OM, Upterworth LM, Breidenstein A, Lustig U, Mikkelsen K, Nagy T, Szatmari D, Ingmer H, Andersson DI. Staphylococcus aureus mutants resistant to the feed-additive monensin show increased virulence and altered purine metabolism. mBio 2024; 15:e0315523. [PMID: 38214510 PMCID: PMC10865815 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03155-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Ionophores are antibacterial compounds that affect bacterial growth by changing intracellular concentrations of the essential cations, sodium and potassium. They are extensively used in animal husbandry to increase productivity and reduce infectious diseases, but our understanding of the potential for and effects of resistance development to ionophores is poorly known. Thus, given their widespread global usage, it is important to determine the potential negative consequences of ionophore use on human and animal health. In this study, we demonstrate that exposure to the ionophore monensin can select for resistant mutants in the human and animal pathogen Staphylococcus aureus, with a majority of the resistant mutants showing increased growth rates in vitro and/or in mice. Whole-genome sequencing and proteomic analysis of the resistant mutants show that the resistance phenotype is associated with de-repression of de novo purine synthesis, which could be achieved through mutations in different transcriptional regulators including mutations in the gene purR, the repressor of the purine de novo synthesis pathway. This study shows that mutants with reduced susceptibility to the ionophore monensin can be readily selected and highlights an unexplored link between ionophore resistance, purine metabolism, and fitness in pathogenic bacteria.IMPORTANCEThis study demonstrates a novel link between ionophore resistance, purine metabolism, and virulence/fitness in the key human and animal pathogen Staphylococcus aureus. The results show that mutants with reduced susceptibility to the commonly used ionophore monensin can be readily selected and that the reduced susceptibility observed is associated with an increased expression of the de novo purine synthesis pathway. This study increases our understanding of the impact of the use of animal feed additives on both human and veterinary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar M. Warsi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lina M. Upterworth
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Genetics, Zoological Institute, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Annika Breidenstein
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Lustig
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kasper Mikkelsen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tamás Nagy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Dávid Szatmari
- Department of Biophysics, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Hanne Ingmer
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dan I. Andersson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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8
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Frederiksen RF, Slettemeås JS, Granstad S, Lagesen K, Pikkemaat MG, Urdahl AM, Simm R. Polyether ionophore resistance in a one health perspective. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1347490. [PMID: 38351920 PMCID: PMC10863045 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1347490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a major threat to human health and must be approached from a One Health perspective. Use of antimicrobials in animal husbandry can lead to dissemination and persistence of resistance in human pathogens. Polyether ionophores (PIs) have antimicrobial activities and are among the most extensively used feed additives for major production animals. Recent discoveries of genetically encoded PI resistance mechanisms and co-localization of resistance mechanisms against PIs and antimicrobials used in human medicine on transferrable plasmids, have raised concerns that use of PIs as feed additives bear potential risks for human health. This review summarizes the current knowledge on PI resistance and discusses the potential consequences of PI-usage as feed additives in a One Health perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jannice Schau Slettemeås
- Department of Animal Health, Welfare and Food Safety, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Ås, Norway
| | - Silje Granstad
- Department of Animal Health, Welfare and Food Safety, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Ås, Norway
| | - Karin Lagesen
- Department of Animal Health, Welfare and Food Safety, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Ås, Norway
| | - Mariel G. Pikkemaat
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Anne Margrete Urdahl
- Department of Animal Health, Welfare and Food Safety, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Ås, Norway
| | - Roger Simm
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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9
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Papsdorf M, Pankiewicz R. Spectroscopic, Spectrometric and Computational Studies of New Lasalocid Derivatives and Their Complexes with Selected Metal Cations. Molecules 2023; 28:8085. [PMID: 38138575 PMCID: PMC10746057 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28248085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of five esters of lasalocid with neopentyl alcohol (LasNeo), geraniol (LasGeran), 2-ethylhexanol (LasEtHex), eicosanol (LasEico) and vanillyl alcohol (LasVanil) were synthesized and studied by NMR, FT-IR and ESI-MS. Then, their complexes with lithium, sodium and potassium cations were obtained and examined using FT-IR. The analysis of the products confirmed the synthesis of new esters with good yields. The newly obtained compounds, as well as their complexes with monovalent cations, were proved to be stabilized by a strong system of intramolecular hydrogen bonds. The PM6 semiempirical calculations provided information on the heat of formation (HOF) and permitted the making of visual representations of the structures of the newly synthesized esters and their complexes with the investigated cations. All the computational outcomes were consistent with the spectroscopic data.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Radosław Pankiewicz
- Department of Enviromental Physicochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
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10
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Wang Q, Liu N, Deng Y, Guan Y, Xiao H, Nitka TA, Yang H, Yadav A, Vukovic L, Mathews II, Chen X, Kim CY. Triepoxide formation by a flavin-dependent monooxygenase in monensin biosynthesis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6273. [PMID: 37805629 PMCID: PMC10560226 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41889-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Monensin A is a prototypical natural polyether polyketide antibiotic. It acts by binding a metal cation and facilitating its transport across the cell membrane. Biosynthesis of monensin A involves construction of a polyene polyketide backbone, subsequent epoxidation of the alkenes, and, lastly, formation of cyclic ethers via epoxide-opening cyclization. MonCI, a flavin-dependent monooxygenase, is thought to transform all three alkenes in the intermediate polyketide premonensin A into epoxides. Our crystallographic study has revealed that MonCI's exquisite stereocontrol is due to the preorganization of the active site residues which allows only one specific face of the alkene to approach the reactive C(4a)-hydroperoxyflavin moiety. Furthermore, MonCI has an unusually large substrate-binding cavity that can accommodate premonensin A in an extended or folded conformation which allows any of the three alkenes to be placed next to C(4a)-hydroperoxyflavin. MonCI, with its ability to perform multiple epoxidations on the same substrate in a stereospecific manner, demonstrates the extraordinary versatility of the flavin-dependent monooxygenase family of enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA
| | - Ning Liu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecular Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, 710127, Xi'an, China
| | - Yaming Deng
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecular Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, 710127, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuze Guan
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecular Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, 710127, Xi'an, China
| | - Hongli Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecular Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, 710127, Xi'an, China
| | - Tara A Nitka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA
| | - Hui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecular Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, 710127, Xi'an, China
| | - Anju Yadav
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA
| | - Lela Vukovic
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA
| | - Irimpan I Mathews
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 95124, USA
| | - Xi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecular Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, 710127, Xi'an, China.
| | - Chu-Young Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
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11
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Abid F, Savaliya B, Parikh A, Kim S, Amirmostofian M, Cesari L, Song Y, Page SW, Trott DJ, Garg S. Nanotechnology and narasin: a powerful combination against acne. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:13728-13739. [PMID: 37577823 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr01789c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Acne vulgaris is widely regarded as the most prevalent skin disorder characterized by painful, inflammatory skin lesions that are primarily attributed to the pathogenic actions of Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes). To improve the clinical management of this disease, there is a pressing clinical demand to develop innovative antibacterial therapies that utilize novel mechanisms. The current research aimed to discover the antibacterial efficacy of narasin (NAR), a polyether ionophore, against drug-resistant acne bacteria. In addition, the study aimed to formulate self-nanomicellizing solid dispersions (SNMSD), utilizing Soluplus® (SOL), as a drug delivery system to incorporate NAR and selectively target the lipophilic C. acnes abundant environments within the skin. Furthermore, the study aimed to investigate the ex vivo deposition and permeation of NAR into the various layers of the skin using full-thickness porcine ear skin as a model skin. By encapsulating NAR within spherical polymeric micelles (dn < 80 nm) aqueous solubility was significantly increased by approximately 100-fold (from <40 μg mL-1 to 4600 μg mL-1). Following optimization, the micelle solution was integrated into a gel formulation (containing 0.2% w/v NAR) and evaluated for stability over 4 weeks at room temperature (drug content >98%). Results from drug deposition and permeation experiments demonstrated that the deposition of NAR from the NAR-micelle solution and its gel formulation into the lipophilic stratum corneum (19 835.60 ± 6237.89 ng cm-2 and 40 601.14 ± 3736.09 ng cm-2) and epidermis (19 347 ± 1912.98 ng cm-2 and 18 763.54 ± 580.77 ng cm-2) was superior to that of NAR in solution, which failed to penetrate any skin layers. In conclusion, the outcomes of this study provide evidence that NAR exhibits promising activity against antimicrobial resistant strains of C. acnes (MIC range ≤0.008-0.062) and that micelle nanocarriers can improve the aqueous solubility of poorly water-soluble drugs. Furthermore, our results highlight the ability of nanomicelles to enable selective and targeted drug delivery to the lipophilic skin layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Abid
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
| | - Bhumika Savaliya
- Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy SA, 5371, Australia
| | - Ankit Parikh
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
| | - Sangseo Kim
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
| | - Marzieh Amirmostofian
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
| | - Laura Cesari
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille 13007, France
| | - Yunmei Song
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
| | | | - Darren J Trott
- Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy SA, 5371, Australia
| | - Sanjay Garg
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
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12
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Wollesen M, Mikkelsen K, Tvilum MS, Vestergaard M, Wang M, Meyer RL, Ingmer H, Poulsen TB, Tørring T. Polyether Ionophore Antibiotics Target Drug-Resistant Clinical Isolates, Persister Cells, and Biofilms. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0062523. [PMID: 37289074 PMCID: PMC10433871 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00625-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyether ionophores are complex natural products known to transport various cations across biological membranes. While several members of this family are used in agriculture (e.g., as anti-coccidiostats) and have potent antibacterial activity, they are not currently being pursued as antibiotics for human use. Polyether ionophores are typically grouped as having similar functions, despite the fact that they significantly differ in structure; for this reason, how their structure and activity are related remains unclear. To determine whether certain members of the family constitute particularly interesting springboards for in-depth investigations and future synthetic optimization, we conducted a systematic comparative study of eight different polyether ionophores for their potential as antibiotics. This includes clinical isolates from bloodstream infections and studies of the compounds' effects on bacterial biofilms and persister cells. We uncover distinct differences within the compound class and identify the compounds lasalocid, calcimycin, and nanchangmycin as having particularly interesting activity profiles for further development. IMPORTANCE Polyether ionophores are complex natural products used in agriculture as anti-coccidiostats in poultry and as growth promoters in cattle, although their precise mechanism is not understood. They are widely regarded as antimicrobials against Gram-positive bacteria and protozoa, but fear of toxicity has so far prevented their use in humans. We show that ionophores generally have very different effects on Staphylococcus aureus, both in standard assays and in more complex systems such as bacterial biofilms and persister cell populations. This will allow us to focus on the most interesting compounds for future in-depth investigations and synthetic optimizations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kasper Mikkelsen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Marie Selch Tvilum
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Martin Vestergaard
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Mikala Wang
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Rikke L. Meyer
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Hanne Ingmer
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | | | - Thomas Tørring
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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13
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Gurukkalot K, Rajendran V. Repurposing Polyether Ionophores as a New-Class of Anti-SARS-Cov-2 Agents as Adjunct Therapy. Curr Microbiol 2023; 80:273. [PMID: 37414909 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03366-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 and its variants have posed a significant threat to humankind in tackling the viral spread. Furthermore, currently repurposed drugs and frontline antiviral agents have failed to cure severe ongoing infections effectively. This insufficiency has fuelled research for potent and safe therapeutic agents to treat COVID-19. Nonetheless, various vaccine candidates have displayed a differential efficacy and need for repetitive dosing. The FDA-approved polyether ionophore veterinary antibiotic for treating coccidiosis has been repurposed for treating SARS-CoV-2 infection (as shown by both in vitro and in vivo studies) and other deadly human viruses. Based on selectivity index values, ionophores display therapeutic effects at sub-nanomolar concentrations and exhibit selective killing ability. They act on different viral targets (structural and non-structural proteins), host-cell components leading to SARS-CoV-2 inhibition, and their activity is further enhanced by Zn2+ supplementation. This review summarizes the anti-SARS-CoV-2 potential and molecular viral targets of selective ionophores like monensin, salinomycin, maduramicin, CP-80,219, nanchangmycin, narasin, X-206 and valinomycin. Ionophore combinations with Zn2+ are a new therapeutic strategy that warrants further investigation for possible human benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keerthana Gurukkalot
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605014, India
| | - Vinoth Rajendran
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605014, India.
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14
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Papsdorf M, Pankiewicz R. New Hydrophilic Derivatives of Lasalocid and Their Complexes with Selected Metal Cations. Molecules 2023; 28:5114. [PMID: 37446774 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Two new esters of lasalocid, that are more hydrophilic, with glucose (LasGlu) and xylitol (LasX), have been synthesized, and their complexation of monovalent cations has been studied by various spectrometric and spectroscopic methods, such as ESI mass spectrometry, 1H, 13C NMR and FT-IR. Analyses of the results confirmed the synthesis of new esters with good yields. In order to carry out further studies, it was necessary to purify them using "flash" liquid chromatography. It was confirmed that the newly obtained molecules, as well as their complexes with lithium, sodium and potassium cations, were stabilized by a strong system of intramolecular hydrogen bonds. It was found that the hydroxyl groups of esters derived from xylitol and glucose were also involved in the complexation of cations. The results of the PM6 semiempirical calculations permitted determination of the heat of formation (HOF), and visualization of the structure of the new esters and their complexes with the cations studied. All computation results are in agreement with the spectroscopic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Papsdorf
- Department of Enviromental Physicochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Radosław Pankiewicz
- Department of Enviromental Physicochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
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15
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Byrne TJM, Mylrea ME, Cuthbertson JD. A Redox-Relay Heck Approach to Substituted Tetrahydrofurans. Org Lett 2023; 25:2361-2365. [PMID: 36988968 PMCID: PMC10088021 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
An operationally simple and efficient strategy for the synthesis of substituted tetrahydrofurans from readily available cis-butene-1,4-diol is described. A redox-relay Heck reaction is used to rapidly access cyclic hemiacetals that can be directly reduced to afford the corresponding 3-aryl tetrahydrofuran. Furthermore, the hemiacetals can also serve as precursors to a range of disubstituted tetrahydrofurans, including the calyxolane natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom J M Byrne
- GlaxoSmithKline Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Jubilee Campus, Triumph Road, Nottingham NG7 2TU, U.K
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Megan E Mylrea
- GlaxoSmithKline Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Jubilee Campus, Triumph Road, Nottingham NG7 2TU, U.K
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - James D Cuthbertson
- GlaxoSmithKline Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Jubilee Campus, Triumph Road, Nottingham NG7 2TU, U.K
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
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16
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de Sá Assis MC, Costa GRDR, Dias FMC, da Silva CS, de Lima JS, Torres TR, Silva DKDA, de Souza EJO. Can phytogenic additives replace monensin sodium in beef cattle feeding? Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:107. [PMID: 36913161 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03522-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Monensin sodium is one of the most common ionophores used in livestock feeding; however, ionophores are condemned by organized consumer groups. Bioactive compounds from plants found in the seasonally dry tropical forest have similar mechanisms of action as ionophores. The aim was to investigate the effects of replacing monensin sodium with phytogenic additives on the nutritional efficiency of beef cattle. Five 14-month-old Nellore bulls (average body weight 452.68 ± 42.60 kg) were used in the study. The experiment was designed as a 5 × 5 Latin Square (five treatments and five 22-day experimental periods). Within each period, 15 days were used for adaptation of animals to experimental conditions and 7 days for data collection. Bulls were fed a control diet (without additives), monensin (a diet containing monensin sodium 40% as a synthetic additive), and three diets containing phytogenic additives prepared from Anadenanthera macrocarpa (Benth) Brenan, Mimosa tenuiflora (Willd) Poiret, or Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC. Nutritional efficiency was assessed through feed intake, nutrient digestibility, feeding behavior, and hematological parameters. Monensin and phytogenic additives did not influence (P > 0.05) feeding behavior or hematological parameters, but the nutrient intake was highest for bulls supplemented phytogenic additives (P < 0.05). Monensin supplementation did not influence (P > 0.05) feed intake. The phytogenic additives and monensin sodium increased (P < 0.05) the nutrient digestibility. Therefore, the phytogenic additives from P. juliflora, A. macrocarpa, and M. tenuiflora can be recommended to enhance the nutritional efficiency of confined Nellore cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Méry Cristina de Sá Assis
- Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Gregório Ferraz Nogueira Avenue, S/N, Serra Talhada, PE, 56909-535, Brazil
| | | | - Francisca Mônica Couras Dias
- Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Gregório Ferraz Nogueira Avenue, S/N, Serra Talhada, PE, 56909-535, Brazil
| | - Camila Sousa da Silva
- Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Gregório Ferraz Nogueira Avenue, S/N, Serra Talhada, PE, 56909-535, Brazil
| | | | - Thaysa Rodrigues Torres
- Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Gregório Ferraz Nogueira Avenue, S/N, Serra Talhada, PE, 56909-535, Brazil
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17
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Liu M, Wang K, Wei J, Liu N, Niu G, Tan H, Huang Y. Comparative and Functional Analyses Reveal Conserved and Variable Regulatory Systems That Control Lasalocid Biosynthesis in Different Streptomyces Species. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0385222. [PMID: 36847561 PMCID: PMC10100954 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03852-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Lasalocid, a representative polyether ionophore, has been successfully applied in veterinary medicine and animal husbandry and also displays promising potential for cancer therapy. Nevertheless, the regulatory system governing lasalocid biosynthesis remains obscure. Here, we identified two conserved (lodR2 and lodR3) and one variable (lodR1, found only in Streptomyces sp. strain FXJ1.172) putative regulatory genes through a comparison of the lasalocid biosynthetic gene cluster (lod) from Streptomyces sp. FXJ1.172 with those (las and lsd) from Streptomyces lasalocidi. Gene disruption experiments demonstrated that both lodR1 and lodR3 positively regulate lasalocid biosynthesis in Streptomyces sp. FXJ1.172, while lodR2 plays a negative regulatory role. To unravel the regulatory mechanism, transcriptional analysis and electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs) along with footprinting experiments were performed. The results revealed that LodR1 and LodR2 could bind to the intergenic regions of lodR1-lodAB and lodR2-lodED, respectively, thereby repressing the transcription of the lodAB and lodED operons, respectively. The repression of lodAB-lodC by LodR1 likely boosts lasalocid biosynthesis. Furthermore, LodR2 and LodE constitute a repressor-activator system that senses changes in intracellular lasalocid concentrations and coordinates its biosynthesis. LodR3 could directly activate the transcription of key structural genes. Comparative and parallel functional analyses of the homologous genes in S. lasalocidi ATCC 31180T confirmed the conserved roles of lodR2, lodE, and lodR3 in controlling lasalocid biosynthesis. Intriguingly, the variable gene locus lodR1-lodC from Streptomyces sp. FXJ1.172 seems functionally conserved when introduced into S. lasalocidi ATCC 31180T. Overall, our findings demonstrate that lasalocid biosynthesis is tightly controlled by both conserved and variable regulators, providing valuable guidance for further improving lasalocid production. IMPORTANCE Compared to its elaborated biosynthetic pathway, the regulation of lasalocid biosynthesis remains obscure. Here, we characterize the roles of regulatory genes in lasalocid biosynthetic gene clusters of two distinct Streptomyces species and identify a conserved repressor-activator system, LodR2-LodE, which could sense changes in the concentration of lasalocid and coordinate its biosynthesis with self-resistance. Furthermore, in parallel, we verify that the regulatory system identified in a new Streptomyces isolate is valid in the industrial lasalocid producer and thus applicable for the construction of high-yield strains. These findings deepen our understanding of regulatory mechanisms involved in the production of polyether ionophores and provide novel clues for the rational design of industrial strains for scaled-up production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kairui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Junhong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ning Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guoqing Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Biotechnology Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huarong Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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18
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Ionophore Toxicity in Animals: A Review of Clinical and Molecular Aspects. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021696. [PMID: 36675211 PMCID: PMC9863538 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
For many years, ionophores have been used to control coccidiosis in poultry. However, misuse of ionophores can cause toxicity with significant clinical symptoms. The most critical factors influencing ionophores' toxicity are administration dose, species, and animal age. Although clinical signs of ionophore intoxication are well studied, the toxicity mechanisms of the ionophores at the molecular level still are not fully elucidated. This review summarizes the studies focused on polyether ionophores toxicity mechanisms in animals at the clinical and molecular levels. Studies show that ionophore toxicity mainly affects myocardial and skeletal muscle cells. The molecular mechanism of the toxication could be explained by the inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation via dysregulation of ion concentration. Tiamulin-ionophore interaction and the synergetic effect of tiamulin in ionophore biotransformation are discussed. Furthermore, in recent years ionophores were candidates for reprofiling as antibacterial and anti-cancer drugs. Identifying ionophores' toxicity mechanisms at the cellular level will likely help develop novel therapies in veterinary and human medicine.
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19
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Zhu X, Hong A, Sun X, Wang W, He G, Luo H, Wu Z, Xu Q, Hu Z, Wu X, Huang D, Li L, Zhao X, Deng X. Nigericin is effective against multidrug resistant gram-positive bacteria, persisters, and biofilms. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1055929. [PMID: 36605124 PMCID: PMC9807916 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1055929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria pose a significant clinical threat to human health, but the development of antibiotics cannot meet the urgent need for effective agents, especially those that can kill persisters and biofilms. Here, we reported that nigericin showed potent bactericidal activity against various clinical MDR Gram-positive bacteria, persisters and biofilms, with low frequencies of resistance development. Moreover, nigericin exhibited favorable in vivo efficacy in deep-seated mouse biofilm, murine skin and bloodstream infection models. With Staphylococcus aureus, nigericin disrupted ATP production and electron transport chain; cell death was associated with altered membrane structure and permeability. Obtaining nigericin-resistant/tolerant mutants required multiple rounds of challenge, and, cross-resistance to members of several antimicrobial classes was absent, probably due to distinct nigericin action with the GraSR two-component regulatory system. Thus, our work reveals that nigericin is a promising antibiotic candidate for the treatment of chronic or recurrent infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China,State-province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Targeted Drugs from Natural Products, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Anjin Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China,State-province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Targeted Drugs from Natural Products, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xihuan Sun
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Weijie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Guanghui He
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China,State-province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Targeted Drugs from Natural Products, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Huan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Zhenhua Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China,State-province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Targeted Drugs from Natural Products, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Qingyan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China,State-province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Targeted Drugs from Natural Products, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Zhiyu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China,State-province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Targeted Drugs from Natural Products, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaobing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China,State-province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Targeted Drugs from Natural Products, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Donghong Huang
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China,*Correspondence: Donghong Huang, ; Li Li, ; Xilin Zhao, ; Xianming Deng,
| | - Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China,State-province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Targeted Drugs from Natural Products, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China,*Correspondence: Donghong Huang, ; Li Li, ; Xilin Zhao, ; Xianming Deng,
| | - Xilin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China,*Correspondence: Donghong Huang, ; Li Li, ; Xilin Zhao, ; Xianming Deng,
| | - Xianming Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China,State-province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Targeted Drugs from Natural Products, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China,*Correspondence: Donghong Huang, ; Li Li, ; Xilin Zhao, ; Xianming Deng,
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20
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In Vitro Antiparasitic Activities of Monovalent Ionophore Compounds for Human and Canine Leishmaniases. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12182337. [PMID: 36139198 PMCID: PMC9495262 DOI: 10.3390/ani12182337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The leishmaniases are vector-borne parasitic diseases affecting humans and animals, with high mortality rates in endemic countries. Infected dogs represent the main reservoir of infection. Disease control is mainly based on chemotherapy, which, at present, shows serious drawbacks both in humans and dogs. Therefore, the discovery or repurposing of new treatments is mandatory. Here, three monovalent ionophores (salinomycin, monensin, nigericin) were tested against promastigotes of Leishmania (L.) infantum, Leishmania tropica, and Leishmania braziliensis, and against amastigotes of L. infantum within human and, for the first time, canine macrophages. All three drugs were leishmanicidal against all Leishmania spp. promastigotes with IC50 values between 7.98 and 0.23 µM. Monensin and nigericin showed IC50 values < 1 µM, whereas salinomycin was the least active compound (IC50 > 4 µM). Notably, the ionophores killed L. infantum amastigotes within human THP-1 cells with IC50 values ranging from 1.67 to 1.93 µM, but they only reduced by 27−37% the parasite burden in L. infantum-infected canine macrophages, showing a host-specific efficacy. Moreover, a selective higher toxicity against canine macrophages was observed. Overall, repurposed ionophores have the potential to be further investigated as anti-Leishmania agents, but different drug options may be required to tackle human or canine leishmaniases.
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21
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Tanaka Y, Tanabe E, Nonaka Y, Uemura M, Tajima T, Ochiai K. Ionophore Antibiotics Inhibit Type II Feline Coronavirus Proliferation In Vitro. Viruses 2022; 14:v14081734. [PMID: 36016355 PMCID: PMC9415497 DOI: 10.3390/v14081734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Feline coronaviruses (FCoVs) infect cats worldwide and cause severe systemic diseases, such as feline infectious peritonitis (FIP). FIP has a high mortality rate, and drugs approved by the Food and Drug Administration have been ineffective for the treatment of FIP. Investigating host factors and the functions required for FCoV replication is necessary to develop effective drugs for the treatment of FIP. FCoV utilizes an endosomal trafficking system for cellular entry after binding between the viral spike (S) protein and its receptor. The cellular enzymes that cleave the S protein of FCoV to release the viral genome into the cytosol require an acidic pH optimized in the endosomes by regulating cellular ion concentrations. Ionophore antibiotics are compounds that form complexes with alkali ions to alter the endosomal pH conditions. This study shows that ionophore antibiotics, including valinomycin, salinomycin, and nigericin, inhibit FCoV proliferation in vitro in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that ionophore antibiotics should be investigated further as potential broad-spectrum anti-FCoV agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikazu Tanaka
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene, Veterinary School, Nippon Veterinary & Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyounan, Musashino 180-8602, Japan
- Research Center for Animal Life Science, Nippon Veterinary & Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyounan, Musashino 180-8602, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-422-31-4151
| | - Eri Tanabe
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene, Veterinary School, Nippon Veterinary & Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyounan, Musashino 180-8602, Japan
| | - Yuki Nonaka
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene, Veterinary School, Nippon Veterinary & Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyounan, Musashino 180-8602, Japan
| | - Mitsuki Uemura
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene, Veterinary School, Nippon Veterinary & Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyounan, Musashino 180-8602, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Tajima
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, Veterinary School, Nippon Veterinary & Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyounan, Musashino 180-8602, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Ochiai
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene, Veterinary School, Nippon Veterinary & Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyounan, Musashino 180-8602, Japan
- Research Center for Animal Life Science, Nippon Veterinary & Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyounan, Musashino 180-8602, Japan
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22
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The Rare Actinobacterium Crossiella sp. Is a Potential Source of New Bioactive Compounds with Activity against Bacteria and Fungi. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10081575. [PMID: 36013993 PMCID: PMC9415966 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10081575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance has become a global problem in recent decades. A gradual reduction in drug discoveries has led to the current antimicrobial resistance crisis. Caves and other subsurface environments are underexplored thus far, and they represent indispensable ecological niches that could offer new molecules of interest to medicine and biotechnology. We explored Spanish show caves to test the bioactivity of the bacteria dwelling in the walls and ceilings, as well as airborne bacteria. We reported the isolation of two strains of the genus Crossiella, likely representing a new species, isolated from Altamira Cave, Spain. In vitro and in silico analyses showed the inhibition of pathogenic Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and fungi, as well as the taxonomical distance of both strains from their closest relative, Crossiella cryophila. The presence of an exclusive combination of gene clusters involved in the synthesis of lanthipeptides, lasso peptides, nonribosomal peptides and polyketides indicates that species of this genus could represent a source of new compounds. Overall, there is promising evidence for antimicrobial discovery in subterranean environments, which increases the possibility of identifying new bioactive molecules.
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23
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Activity of singly and doubly modified derivatives of C20-epi-salinomycin against Staphylococcus strains. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2022; 75:445-453. [PMID: 35760901 DOI: 10.1038/s41429-022-00536-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Natural polyether ionophore salinomycin (Sal) has been widely used in veterinary medicine as an antibiotic effective in the treatment of coccidian protozoa and Gram-positive bacteria. Moreover, chemical modification of the Sal structure has been found to be a promising strategy to generate semisynthetic analogs with biological activity profiles improved relative to those of the native compound. In this context, we synthesized and thoroughly evaluated the antibacterial potential of a library of C1/C20 singly and doubly modified derivatives of C20-epi-salinomycin, that is, analogs of Sal with inversed stereochemistry at the C20 position. Among the synthesized analog structures, the most promising antibacterial active agents were those obtained via regioselective O-acylation of C20-epi-hydroxyl, particularly esters 7, 9, and 11. Such C20 singly modified compounds showed excellent inhibitory activity against planktonic staphylococci, both standard and clinical strains, and revealed potential in preventing the formation of bacterial biofilms. In combination with their non-genotoxic properties, these Sal derivatives represent attractive candidates for further antimicrobial drug development.
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24
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Yamada K, Deb A, Shoba VM, Lim D, Maji B, Modell AE, Choudhary A. Rational Design of Silicon-Based Zinc Ionophores. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202201698. [PMID: 35385189 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202201698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Ionophores transport ions across biological membranes and have wide-ranging applications, but a platform for their rapid development does not exist. We report a platform for developing ionophores from metal-ion chelators, which are readily available with wide-ranging affinities and specificities, and structural data that can aid rational design. Specifically, we fine-tuned the binding affinity and lipophilicity of a ZnII -chelating ligand by introducing silyl groups proximal to the ZnII -binding pocket, which generated ionophores that performed better than most of the currently known ZnII ionophores. Furthermore, these silicon-based ionophores were specific for ZnII over other metals and exhibited better antibacterial activity and less toxicity to mammalian cells than several known ZnII ionophores, including pyrithione. These studies establish rational design principles for the rapid development of potent and specific ionophores and a new class of antibacterial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Yamada
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Arghya Deb
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Veronika M Shoba
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Divisions of Renal Medicine and Engineering, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Donghyun Lim
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Divisions of Renal Medicine and Engineering, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Basudeb Maji
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Divisions of Renal Medicine and Engineering, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ashley E Modell
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Divisions of Renal Medicine and Engineering, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Amit Choudhary
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Divisions of Renal Medicine and Engineering, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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25
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Dembitsky VM. Natural Polyether Ionophores and Their Pharmacological Profile. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:292. [PMID: 35621943 PMCID: PMC9144361 DOI: 10.3390/md20050292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This review is devoted to the study of the biological activity of polyether ionophores produced by bacteria, unicellular marine algae, red seaweeds, marine sponges, and coelenterates. Biological activities have been studied experimentally in various laboratories, as well as data obtained using QSAR (Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships) algorithms. According to the data obtained, it was shown that polyether toxins exhibit strong antibacterial, antimicrobial, antifungal, antitumor, and other activities. Along with this, it was found that natural polyether ionophores exhibit such properties as antiparasitic, antiprotozoal, cytostatic, anti-mycoplasmal, and antieczema activities. In addition, polyethers have been found to be potential regulators of lipid metabolism or inhibitors of DNA synthesis. Further study of the mechanisms of action and the search for new polyether ionophores and their derivatives may provide more effective therapeutic natural polyether ionophores for the treatment of cancer and other diseases. For some polyether ionophores, 3D graphs are presented, which demonstrate the predicted and calculated activities. The data presented in this review will be of interest to pharmacologists, chemists, practical medicine, and the pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valery M Dembitsky
- Centre for Applied Research, Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Lethbridge College, 3000 College Drive South, Lethbridge, AB T1K 1L6, Canada
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26
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Alkaline-earth metal(II) complexes of salinomycin – spectral properties and antibacterial activity. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2021-0201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In the present paper the synthesis and structural characterization of alkaline-earth metal(II) complexes of the polyether ionophorous antibiotic salinomycinic acid (SalH.H2O) are discussed. The complexes [M(Sal)2(H2O)2] (M = Mg2+, 1; Ca2+, 2; Sr2+, 3; Ba2+, 4) were obtained reacting salinomycinic acid and Et4NOH with the corresponding metal(II) salts at metal-to-ligand-to-base molar ratio of 1:1:1. The spectral properties of 1–4 were characterized using infrared spectroscopy, fast atom bombardment-mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance and elemental analysis data. The crystallinity degree and morphology of complex 2 were studied by X-ray powder diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The biometal(II) salinomycinate complexes 1 and 2 possess an enhanced antimicrobial activity compared to the parent antibiotic against Gram-positive bacteria. The comparison between the effectiveness of the complexes, reported here, and the already known isostructural coordination species of salinomycin and monensin (MonH.H2O), revealed that magnesium(II) and calcium(II) monensinates appear to be promising antibacterial agents against Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus and Micrococcus luteus.
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27
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Yamada K, Deb A, Shoba VM, Lim D, Maji B, Modell AE, Choudhary A. Rational Design of Silicon‐Based Zinc Ionophores. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202201698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kei Yamada
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge MA 02142 USA
- Department of Medicine Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - Arghya Deb
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge MA 02142 USA
- Department of Medicine Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - Veronika M. Shoba
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge MA 02142 USA
- Department of Medicine Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02115 USA
- Divisions of Renal Medicine and Engineering Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - Donghyun Lim
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge MA 02142 USA
- Department of Medicine Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02115 USA
- Divisions of Renal Medicine and Engineering Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - Basudeb Maji
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge MA 02142 USA
- Department of Medicine Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02115 USA
- Divisions of Renal Medicine and Engineering Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - Ashley E. Modell
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge MA 02142 USA
- Department of Medicine Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02115 USA
- Divisions of Renal Medicine and Engineering Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - Amit Choudhary
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge MA 02142 USA
- Department of Medicine Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02115 USA
- Divisions of Renal Medicine and Engineering Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston MA 02115 USA
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28
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Nigericin and Geldanamycin Are Phytotoxic Specialized Metabolites Produced by the Plant Pathogen
Streptomyces
sp. 11-1-2. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0231421. [PMID: 35225656 PMCID: PMC9045263 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02314-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant pathogens use a variety of mechanisms, including the production of phytotoxic specialized metabolites, to establish an infection of host tissue. Although thaxtomin A is considered the key phytotoxin involved in the development of potato scab disease, there is increasing evidence that other phytotoxins can play a role in disease development in some instances.
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29
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Yang Z, Xie J, Fang J, Lv M, Yang M, Deng Z, Xie Y, Cai L. Nigericin exerts anticancer effects through inhibition of the SRC/STAT3/BCL-2 in osteosarcoma. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 198:114938. [PMID: 35114189 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.114938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The treatment of osteosarcoma has reached a bottleneck period in recent 30 years, there is an urgent need to find new drugs and treatment methods. Nigericin, an antibiotic derived from Streptomyces hygroscopicus, has exerted promising antitumoral effect in various tumors. The anticancer effect of Nigericin in human osteosarcoma has never been reported. In the present study, we explored the anticancer effects of Nigericin in osteosarcoma in vitro and in vivo. Our results showed that nigericin treatment significantly reduced tumor cell proliferation in dose-dependent and time-dependent in human osteosarcoma cells. Nigericin can inhibit cell growth of osteosarcoma cells, in addition to S-phase cycle arrest, the nigericin induces apoptosis. Furthermore, bioinformatics predicted that Nigericin exerts anticancer effects through inhibiting SRC/STAT3 signaling pathway in osteosarcoma. The direct binding between SRC and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) was confirmed by Western blot. Nigericin can down regulate STAT3 and Bcl-2. In order to further elucidate the inhibitory effect of nigericin on SRC / STAT3 / Bcl-2 signal transduction mechanism, we established human osteosarcoma cancer cells stably expressing STAT3. Western blot confirmed that nigericin exerts anticancer effects on human osteosarcoma cancer cells by directly targeting STAT3. In addition, Nigericin can significantly inhibit tumor migration and invasion. Finally, Nigericin inhibits tumor growth in a mouse osteosarcoma model. The nigericin targeting the SRC/STAT3/BCL-2 signaling pathway may provide new insights into the molecular mechanism of nigericin on cancer cells and suggest its possible clinical application in osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Yang
- The Department of Spine Surgery and Musculoskeletal Tumor, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jiangtao Xie
- The Department of Spine Surgery and Musculoskeletal Tumor, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jiayu Fang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430000, China.
| | - Minchao Lv
- The Department of Spine Surgery and Musculoskeletal Tumor, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, People's Republic of China.
| | - Min Yang
- The Department of Spine Surgery and Musculoskeletal Tumor, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhouming Deng
- The Department of Spine Surgery and Musculoskeletal Tumor, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuanlong Xie
- The Department of Spine Surgery and Musculoskeletal Tumor, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lin Cai
- The Department of Spine Surgery and Musculoskeletal Tumor, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, People's Republic of China.
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30
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Li B, Wu J, Tang L, Lian X, Li Z, Duan W, Qin T, Zhao X, Hu Y, Zhang C, Li T, Hao J, Zhang W, Zhang J, Wu S. Synthesis and anti-tumor activity evaluation of salinomycin C20- O-alkyl/benzyl oxime derivatives. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:870-876. [PMID: 35006233 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob02292j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Seventeen C20-O-alkyl/benzyl oxime derivatives were synthesized by a concise and effective method. Most of these derivatives showed tens to several hundred nanomolar IC50 values against HT-29 colorectal, HGC-27 gastric and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, whose antiproliferative activity is 15-240 fold better than that of salinomycin. The C20-oxime etherified derivatives can coordinate potassium ions, and further adjust the cytosolic Ca2+ concentrations in HT-29 cells. The significant improvement of the potency should be attributed to the better ion binding and transport ability of the modified derivatives. In addition, the C20-O-alkyl/benzyl oxime derivatives showed much better selectivity indexes (SI) than salinomycin, indicating that they present lower neurotoxic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Jun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,National Stem Cell Resource Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Lei Tang
- Medical School of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650031, China.
| | - Xu Lian
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Zhongwen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,National Stem Cell Resource Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Wenfang Duan
- Medical School of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650031, China.
| | - Tong Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Xintong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Yuhua Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Chi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Tianlei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Jie Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,National Stem Cell Resource Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Wenxuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Jihong Zhang
- Medical School of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650031, China.
| | - Song Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China.
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31
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LC-HRMS-Based Identification of Transformation Products of the Drug Salinomycin Generated by Electrochemistry and Liver Microsome. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11020155. [PMID: 35203758 PMCID: PMC8868298 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11020155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The drug salinomycin (SAL) is a polyether antibiotic and used in veterinary medicine as coccidiostat and growth promoter. Recently, SAL was suggested as a potential anticancer drug. However, transformation products (TPs) resulting from metabolic and environmental degradation of SAL are incompletely known and structural information is missing. In this study, we therefore systematically investigated the formation and identification of SAL derived TPs using electrochemistry (EC) in an electrochemical reactor and rat and human liver microsome incubation (RLM and HLM) as TP generating methods. Liquid chromatography (LC) coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) was applied to determine accurate masses in a suspected target analysis to identify TPs and to deduce occurring modification reactions of derived TPs. A total of 14 new, structurally different TPs were found (two EC-TPs, five RLM-TPs, and 11 HLM-TPs). The main modification reactions are decarbonylation for EC-TPs and oxidation (hydroxylation) for RLM/HLM-TPs. Of particular interest are potassium-based TPs identified after liver microsome incubation because these might have been overlooked or declared as oxidated sodium adducts in previous, non-HRMS-based studies due to the small mass difference between K and O + Na of 21 mDa. The MS fragmentation pattern of TPs was used to predict the position of identified modifications in the SAL molecule. The obtained knowledge regarding transformation reactions and novel TPs of SAL will contribute to elucidate SAL-metabolites with regards to structural prediction.
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32
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Antoszczak M, Otto-Ślusarczyk D, Kordylas M, Struga M, Huczyński A. Synthesis of Lasalocid-Based Bioconjugates and Evaluation of Their Anticancer Activity. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:1943-1955. [PMID: 35071884 PMCID: PMC8771711 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Using rationally designed bioconjugates is an attractive strategy to develop novel anticancer drugs with enhanced therapeutic potential and minimal side effects compared to the native structures. With respect to the promising activity of lasalocid (LAS) toward various cancer cells, this polyether ionophore seems to be an ideal candidate for bioconjugation. Herein, we describe the synthetic access to a cohort of nine conjugated products of LAS, in which the ionophore biomolecule was successfully combined via covalent bonds with selected anticancer therapeutics or other anticancer active components. The in vitro screening of a series of cancer cell lines allowed us to identify three products with improved anticancer activity profiles compared to those of the starting materials. The results indicate that human prostate cancer cells (PC3) and human primary colon cancer cells (SW480) were essentially more sensitive to exposure to LAS derivatives than human keratinocytes (HaCaT). Furthermore, the selected products were stronger inducers of late apoptosis and/or necrosis in PC3 and SW480 cancer cells, when compared to the metastatic variant of colon cancer cells (SW620). To establish the anticancer mechanism of LAS-based bioconjugates, the levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured; the tested compounds significantly reduced the release of IL-6, while the level of ROS was significantly higher in all the cell lines studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Antoszczak
- Department
of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Dagmara Otto-Ślusarczyk
- Chair
and Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Kordylas
- Department
of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Marta Struga
- Chair
and Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adam Huczyński
- Department
of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
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33
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Li W, Chen JY, Sun C, Sparks RP, Pantano L, Rahman RU, Moran SP, Pondick JV, Kirchner R, Wrobel D, Bieler M, Sauer A, Ho Sui SJ, Doerner JF, Rippmann JF, Mullen AC. Nanchangmycin regulates FYN, PTK2, and MAPK1/3 to control the fibrotic activity of human hepatic stellate cells. eLife 2022; 11:74513. [PMID: 35617485 PMCID: PMC9135407 DOI: 10.7554/elife.74513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic liver injury causes fibrosis, characterized by the formation of scar tissue resulting from excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. Hepatic stellate cell (HSC) myofibroblasts are the primary cell type responsible for liver fibrosis, yet there are currently no therapies directed at inhibiting the activity of HSC myofibroblasts. To search for potential anti-fibrotic compounds, we performed a high-throughput compound screen in primary human HSC myofibroblasts and identified 19 small molecules that induce HSC inactivation, including the polyether ionophore nanchangmycin (NCMC). NCMC induces lipid re-accumulation while reducing collagen expression, deposition of collagen in the extracellular matrix, cell proliferation, and migration. We find that NCMC increases cytosolic Ca2+ and reduces the phosphorylated protein levels of FYN, PTK2 (FAK), MAPK1/3 (ERK2/1), HSPB1 (HSP27), and STAT5B. Further, depletion of each of these kinases suppress COL1A1 expression. These studies reveal a signaling network triggered by NCMC to inactivate HSC myofibroblasts and reduce expression of proteins that compose the fibrotic scar. Identification of the antifibrotic effects of NCMC and the elucidation of pathways by which NCMC inhibits fibrosis provide new tools and therapeutic targets that could potentially be utilized to combat the development and progression of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyang Li
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General HospitalBostonUnited States,Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Jennifer Y Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General HospitalBostonUnited States,Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Cheng Sun
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General HospitalBostonUnited States,Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Robert P Sparks
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General HospitalBostonUnited States,Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Lorena Pantano
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonUnited States
| | - Raza-Ur Rahman
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General HospitalBostonUnited States,Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Sean P Moran
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General HospitalBostonUnited States,Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Joshua V Pondick
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General HospitalBostonUnited States,Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Rory Kirchner
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonUnited States
| | | | | | - Achim Sauer
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & CoBiberachGermany
| | | | | | | | - Alan C Mullen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General HospitalBostonUnited States,Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States,Harvard Stem Cell InstituteCambridgeUnited States
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34
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Li Y, Rizk MA, Galon EM, Liu M, Li J, Ringo AE, Ji S, Zafar I, Tumwebaze MA, Benedicto B, Yokoyama N, Igarashi I, Chahan B, Xuan X. Discovering the Potent Inhibitors Against Babesia bovis in vitro and Babesia microti in vivo by Repurposing the Natural Product Compounds. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:762107. [PMID: 34912876 PMCID: PMC8666878 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.762107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we screened 502 natural product compounds against the in vitro growth of Babesia (B.) bovis. Then, the novel and potent identified compounds were further evaluated for their in vitro efficacies using viability and cytotoxicity assays. The in vivo inhibitory effects of the selected compounds were evaluated using B. microti “rodent strain” in mice model. Three potent compounds, namely, Rottlerin (RL), Narasin (NR), Lasalocid acid (LA), exhibited the lowest IC50 (half-maximal inhibitory concentration) as follows: 5.45 ± 1.20 μM for RL, 1.86 ± 0.66 μM for NR, and 3.56 ± 1.41 μM for LA. The viability result revealed the ability of RL and LA to prevent the regrowth of treated parasite at 4 × IC50 and 2 × IC50, respectively, while 4 × IC50 of NR was sufficient to stop the regrowth of parasite. The hematology parameters of B. microti in vivo were different in the NR-treated groups as compared to the infected/untreated group. Interestingly, intraperitoneal administration of NR exhibiting inhibition in the growth of B. microti in mice was similar to that observed after administration of the commonly used antibabesial drug, diminazene aceturate (DA) (76.57% for DA, 74.73% for NR). Our findings indicate the richness of natural product compounds by novel potent antibabesial candidates, and the identified potent compounds, especially NR, might be used for the treatment of animal babesiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchang Li
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan.,Parasitology Laboratory, Veterinary College, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Ürümqi, China
| | - Mohamed Abdo Rizk
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan.,Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Eloiza May Galon
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan
| | - Mingming Liu
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, China
| | - Jixu Li
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan.,College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Aaron Edmond Ringo
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan
| | - Shengwei Ji
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan
| | - Iqra Zafar
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan
| | - Maria Agnes Tumwebaze
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan
| | - Byamukama Benedicto
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan
| | - Naoaki Yokoyama
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan
| | - Ikuo Igarashi
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan
| | - Bayin Chahan
- Parasitology Laboratory, Veterinary College, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Ürümqi, China
| | - Xuenan Xuan
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan
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35
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Yang J, Yu G, Sessler JL, Shin I, Gale PA, Huang F. Artificial transmembrane ion transporters as potential therapeutics. Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2021.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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36
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The antimicrobial and immunomodulatory effects of Ionophores for the treatment of human infection. J Inorg Biochem 2021; 227:111661. [PMID: 34896767 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Ionophores are a diverse class of synthetic and naturally occurring ion transporter compounds which demonstrate both direct and in-direct antimicrobial properties against a broad panel of bacterial, fungal, viral and parasitic pathogens. In addition, ionophores can regulate the host-immune response during communicable and non-communicable disease states. Although the clinical use of ionophores such as Amphotericin B, Bedaquiline and Ivermectin highlight the utility of ionophores in modern medicine, for many other ionophore compounds issues surrounding toxicity, bioavailability or lack of in vivo efficacy studies have hindered clinical development. The antimicrobial and immunomodulating properties of a range of compounds with characteristics of ionophores remain largely unexplored. As such, ionophores remain a latent therapeutic avenue to address both the global burden of antimicrobial resistance, and the unmet clinical need for new antimicrobial therapies. This review will provide an overview of the broad-spectrum antimicrobial and immunomodulatory properties of ionophores, and their potential uses in clinical medicine for combatting infection.
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Leesombun A, Nihei CI, Kondoh D, Nishikawa Y. Polyether ionophore kijimicin inhibits growth of Toxoplasma gondii and controls acute toxoplasmosis in mice. Parasitol Res 2021; 121:413-422. [PMID: 34750652 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-021-07363-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The natural polyether ionophore antibiotics may be important chemotherapeutic agents. Among them, kijimicin represents an important type of ionophore compound because it inhibits Eimeria tenella and human immunodeficiency virus. The ionophore monensin displays potent activities against several coccidian parasites including the opportunistic pathogen of humans, Toxoplasma gondii. At first, we evaluated the anti-Toxoplasma activity of kijimicin, monensin as a reference control, and anti-Toxoplasma drugs such as clindamycin, in vitro. The half inhibitory concentrations (IC50) for the anti-Toxoplasma activities of kijimicin, monensin, and clindamycin were 45.6 ± 2.4 nM, 1.3 ± 1.8 nM, and 238.5 ± 1.8 nM, respectively. Morphological analyses by electron microscopy revealed cellular swelling and multiple intracellular vacuole-like structures in the T. gondii tachyzoites after treatment with kijimicin and monensin. Kijimicin and monensin also inhibited the invasion of extracellular parasites (IC50 = 216.6 ± 1.9 pM and 531.1 ± 1.9 pM, respectively). Importantly, kijimicin treatment resulted in decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and generation of reactive oxygen species in T. gondii as monensin did. Furthermore, mice treated with kijimicin at 10 mg/kg/day and 3 mg/kg/day showed 91.7% and 66.7% survival rates, respectively, 30 days after infection with T. gondii. The control mice all died within 18 days of infection. The present study shows that kijimicin inhibits T. gondii growth and changes the ultrastruct of the parasites. This finding may lead to validation of kijimicin as new drug to control T. gondii growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpron Leesombun
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan.,Department of Pre-Clinic and Applied Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, 999 Phutthamonthon Sai 4 Road, Salaya, 73170, Phutthamonthon Nakhonpathom, Thailand
| | - Coh-Ichi Nihei
- The Institute of Microbial Chemistry, Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation (BIKAKEN), Tokyo, 3-14-23 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 141-0021, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kondoh
- Division of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Nishikawa
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan.
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38
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Evaluation of the anticancer activity of singly and doubly modified analogues of C20-epi-salinomycin. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 908:174347. [PMID: 34265289 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In developed countries, cancer is the second leading cause of death, with colon and prostate cancer belonging to the group of most often diagnosed types of neoplastic diseases. The search for new treatment strategies against these types of cancer is thus of top current interest. In this context, salinomycin (SAL), a naturally occurring polyether ionophore, has been identified recently as a very promising anticancer drug candidate towards several tumour cells. In the present work, a broad library of 24 derivatives of C20-epi-salinomycin (2), including C1 singly, C20 singly and C1/C20 doubly modified analogue structures, was screened to identify compounds with improved activity against colon and prostate cancer cells. Our study demonstrated that the growth inhibitory potency of the parent compound on both primary and metastatic colon cancer cells was similar to that of the semisynthetic products derived from SAL, and simultaneously the SAL analogues showed more potent toxic action on metastatic prostate cancer cells than that of the chemically unmodified ionophore. In contrast to the widely used oncological drug doxorubicin, some of the SAL derivatives demonstrated promising anticancer activity with no toxic effects on non-tumour cells, and with more favourable cytotoxicity than that of a reference agent 5-fluorouracil. Mechanistically, the SAL analogues induced late apoptosis in colon cancer cells and necrosis in prostate cancer cells, as well as reduced secretion of interleukin 6 (IL-6) in these cells.
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39
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Van Moll L, De Smet J, Cos P, Van Campenhout L. Microbial symbionts of insects as a source of new antimicrobials: a review. Crit Rev Microbiol 2021; 47:562-579. [PMID: 34032192 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2021.1907302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
To stop the antimicrobial resistance crisis, there is an urgent need for increased investment in antimicrobial research and development. Currently, many researchers are focussing on insects and their microbiota in the search for new antimicrobials. This review summarizes recent literature dedicated to the antimicrobial screening of insect symbionts and/or their metabolites to uncover their value in early drug discovery. We summarize the main steps in the methodology used to isolate and identify active insect symbionts and have noted substantial variation among these studies. There is a clear trend in isolating insect Streptomyces bacteria, but a broad range of other symbionts has been found to be active as well. The microbiota of many insect genera and orders remains untargeted so far, which leaves much room for future research. The antimicrobial screening of insect symbionts has led to the discovery of a diverse array of new active biomolecules, mainly peptides, and polyketides. Here, we discuss 15 of these symbiont-produced compounds and their antimicrobial profile. Cyphomycin, isolated from a Streptomyces symbiont of a Cyphomyrmex fungus-growing ant, seems to be the most promising insect symbiont-derived antimicrobial so far. Overall, insect microbiota appears to be a promising search area to discover new antimicrobial drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Van Moll
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, Laboratory for Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), KU Leuven, Geel, Belgium.,Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jeroen De Smet
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), KU Leuven, Geel, Belgium.,Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paul Cos
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, Laboratory for Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Leen Van Campenhout
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), KU Leuven, Geel, Belgium.,Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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40
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Maslowska-Jarzyna K, Korczak ML, Chmielewski MJ. Boosting Anion Transport Activity of Diamidocarbazoles by Electron Withdrawing Substituents. Front Chem 2021; 9:690035. [PMID: 34095089 PMCID: PMC8172623 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.690035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Artificial chloride transporters have been intensely investigated in view of their potential medicinal applications. Recently, we have established 1,8-diamidocarbazoles as a versatile platform for the development of active chloride carriers. In the present contribution, we investigate the influence of various electron-withdrawing substituents in positions 3 and 6 of the carbazole core on the chloride transport activity of these anionophores. Using lucigenin assay and large unilamellar vesicles as models, the 3,6-dicyano- and 3,6-dinitro- substituted receptors were found to be highly active and perfectly deliverable chloride transporters, with EC50,270s value as low as 22 nM for the Cl-/NO3 - exchange. Mechanistic studies revealed that diamidocarbazoles form 1:1 complexes with chloride in lipid bilayers and facilitate chloride/nitrate exchange by carrier mechanism. Furthermore, owing to its increased acidity, the 3,6-dinitro- substituted receptor acts as a pH-switchable transporter, with physiologically relevant apparent pKa of 6.4.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michał J. Chmielewski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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41
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Targeting Cancer Stem Cells with Differentiation Agents as an Alternative to Genotoxic Chemotherapy for the Treatment of Malignant Testicular Germ Cell Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13092045. [PMID: 33922599 PMCID: PMC8122873 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) are exceptionally sensitive to genotoxic chemotherapy, resulting in a high cure rate for the young men presenting with these malignancies. However, this treatment is associated with significant toxicity, and a subset of malignant TGCTs demonstrate chemoresistance. Mixed nonseminomas often contain pluripotent embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells, the cancer stem cells (CSCs) of these tumors. We hypothesized that differentiation therapy, a treatment strategy which aims to induce differentiation of tumor-propagating CSCs to slow tumor growth, could effectively treat mixed nonseminomas without significant toxicity. The FDA-approved antipsychotic thioridazine and the agricultural antibiotic salinomycin are two drugs previously found to selectively target CSCs, and here we report that these agents differentiate EC cells in vitro and greatly reduce their tumorigenic potential in vivo. Using a novel transformed induced pluripotent stem cell allograft model and a human xenograft model, we show that thioridazine extends the survival of tumor-bearing mice and can reduce the number of pluripotent EC cells within tumors. These results suggest that thioridazine could be repurposed as an alternative TGCT treatment that avoids the toxicity of conventional chemotherapeutics.
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42
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Poulsen TB. Total Synthesis of Natural Products Containing Enamine or Enol Ether Derivatives. Acc Chem Res 2021; 54:1830-1842. [PMID: 33660974 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Enamine and enol ethers are nucleophilic functional groups that are well known to most chemists. When enamine or enol ethers are present in natural products, they are nearly exclusively found as derivatives having a direct connection to electron-withdrawing groups for stabilization, and the resulting larger entities, such as enamides or enol acylates, can be further extended or modified in the framework of natural products. The restricted conformational space that is associated with even simple enamine and enol ether derivatives can be a strong determinant of the overall molecular structure, and the more polarized derivatives can endow some natural products with electrophilic properties and thus facilitate covalent interactions with biological targets.In this Account, I describe our efforts (published since 2016) to prepare natural products from several different classes that all feature enamine or enol ether derivatives as key functionalities. Our choice of targets has been guided by a desire to illuminate unknown biological mechanisms associated with the compounds or, alternatively, to improve upon known biological activities that appear to be promising from a biomedical perspective. In the present text, however, the exclusive focus will be on the syntheses.First, I will discuss the basic properties of the functional groups and briefly present a small collection of illustrative and inspirational examples from the literature for their construction in different complex settings. Next, I will provide an overview of our work on the macrocyclic APD-CLD natural products, rakicidin A and BE-43547A1, involving the development of an efficient macrocyclization strategy and the development of methods to construct the hallmark APD group: a modified enamide. The synthesis of the meroterpenoid strongylophorine-26 is discussed next, where we developed an oxidative quinone methoxylation to build a vinylogous ester group in the final step of the synthesis and employed FeCl3-mediated cascade reactions for the rapid assembly of the overall scaffold to enable a short semisynthesis from isocupressic acid. An efficient core scaffold assembly was also in focus in our synthesis of the alkaloid streptazone A with the signature enaminone system being assembled through a rhodium-catalyzed Pauson-Khand reaction. Sequential, site-selective redox manipulations were developed to arrive at strepatzone A and additional members of the natural product family. Finally, I discuss our work to prepare analogs of complex polyether ionophores featuring functionalized tetronic acids as cation-binding groups. A method for the construction of a suitably protected chloromethylidene-modified tetronate is presented which enabled its installation in the full structure through a C-acylation reaction. This work exemplifies how components of abundant polyether ionophores can be recycled and used to access new structures which may possess enhanced biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas B. Poulsen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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43
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Study on in vitro Toxicity of Biometal(II) Monensinates Against Rat Zajdela Liver Tumour. CHEMISTRY-DIDACTICS-ECOLOGY-METROLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/cdem-2020-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The ability of Monensic acid A (MonH∙H2O) and its neutral metal complexes [M(Mon)2(H2O)2]with ions of Mg2+, Ca2+, Mn2+, Co2+, Ni2+ and Zn2+ to decrease viability and proliferation of primary cell cultures, originating from a chemically induced transplantable liver tumour of Zajdela in rats, and bone marrow cells from the same tumour-bearers, was evaluated. Experimental data revealed that manganese(II) and nickel(II) complexes of Monensin A are relatively more selective against the tumour as compared to the healthy bone marrow cells.
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44
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Gao G, Liu F, Xu Z, Wan D, Han Y, Kuang Y, Wang Q, Zhi Q. Evidence of nigericin as a potential therapeutic candidate for cancers: A review. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 137:111262. [PMID: 33508621 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging studies have shown that nigericin, an H+, K+ and Pb2+ ionophore, has exhibited a promising anti-cancer activity in various cancers. However, its anti-cancer mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. In this review, the recent progresses on the use of nigericin in human cancers have been summarized. By exchanging H+ and K+ across cell membranes, nigericin shows promising anti-cancer activities in in vitro and in vivo as a single agent or in combination with other anti-cancer drugs through decreasing intracellular pH (pHi). The underlying mechanisms of nigericin also include the inactivation of Wnt/β-catenin signals, blockade of Androgen Receptor (AR) signaling, and activation of Stress-Activated Protein Kinase/c-Jun N-terminal Kinase (SAPK/JNK) signaling pathways. In many cancers, nigericin is proved to specifically target putative Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs), and its synergistic effects on photodynamic therapy are also reported. Other mechanisms of nigericin including influencing the mitochondrial membrane potentials, inducing an increase in drug accumulation and autophagy, controlling insulin accumulation in nuclei, and increasing the cytotoxic activity of liposome-entrapped drugs, are also discussed. Notably, the potential adverse effects such as teratogenic effects, insulin resistance and eryptosis shall not be ignored. Taken together, these reports suggest that treatment of cancer cells with nigericin may offer a novel therapeutic strategy and future potential of translation to clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanzhuang Gao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Zhihua Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Daiwei Wan
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Ye Han
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Yuting Kuang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Shengze Hospital, Wujiang, Jiangsu, 215228, China.
| | - Qiaoming Zhi
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China.
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45
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Lin S, Liu H, Svenningsen EB, Wollesen M, Jacobsen KM, Andersen FD, Moyano-Villameriel J, Pedersen CN, Nørby P, Tørring T, Poulsen TB. Expanding the antibacterial selectivity of polyether ionophore antibiotics through diversity-focused semisynthesis. Nat Chem 2020; 13:47-55. [PMID: 33353970 PMCID: PMC7610524 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-020-00601-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Polyether ionophores are complex natural products capable of transporting cations across biological membranes. Many polyether ionophores possess potent antimicrobial activity and a few selected compounds have ability to target aggressive cancer cells. Nevertheless, ionophore function is believed to be associated with idiosyncratic cellu-lar toxicity and, consequently, human clinical development has not been pursued. Here, we demonstrate that structurally novel polyether ionophores can be efficiently constructed by recycling components of highly abundant polyethers to afford analogues with enhanced anti-bacterial selectivity compared to a panel of natural polyether ionophores. We used classic degradation reactions of the natural polyethers lasalocid and monensin and combined the resulting fragments with building blocks provided by total synthesis, including halogen-functionalized tetronic acids as cation-binding groups. Our results suggest that structural optimization of polyether ionophores is possible and that this area represents a potential opportunity for future methodological innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoquan Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Han Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Frederikke D Andersen
- Department of Engineering-Microbial Biosynthesis, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | | | - Peter Nørby
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Thomas Tørring
- Department of Engineering-Microbial Biosynthesis, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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46
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Svenningsen EB, Thyrsted J, Blay-Cadanet J, Liu H, Lin S, Moyano-Villameriel J, Olagnier D, Idorn M, Paludan SR, Holm CK, Poulsen TB. Ionophore antibiotic X-206 is a potent inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro. Antiviral Res 2020; 185:104988. [PMID: 33248195 PMCID: PMC7687369 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2020.104988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Pandemic spread of emerging human pathogenic viruses, such as the current SARS-CoV-2, poses both an immediate and future challenge to human health and society. Currently, effective treatment of infection with SARS-CoV-2 is limited and broad spectrum antiviral therapies to meet other emerging pandemics are absent leaving the World population largely unprotected. Here, we have identified distinct members of the family of polyether ionophore antibiotics with potent ability to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication and cytopathogenicity in cells. Several compounds from this class displayed more than 100-fold selectivity between viral-induced cytopathogenicity and inhibition of cell viability, however the compound X-206 displayed >500-fold selectivity and was furthermore able to inhibit viral replication even at sub-nM levels. The antiviral mechanism of the polyether ionophores is currently not understood in detail. We demonstrate, e.g. through unbiased bioactivity profiling, that their effects on the host cells differ from those of cationic amphiphiles such as hydroxychloroquine. Collectively, our data suggest that polyether ionophore antibiotics should be subject to further investigations as potential broad-spectrum antiviral agents. The polyether ionophore antibiotic X-206 is revealed as a potent inhibitor of the replication of SARS-CoV-2 in vitro. Other members of the same compound family also display strong antiviral potency although selectivity differs widely. Morphological profiling allows mechanistic comparison between X-206 and cationic amphiphiles, such as hydroxychloroquine. Further pre-clinical development of X-206, and other polyether ionophores, as antiviral agents is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esben B Svenningsen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jacob Thyrsted
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 10, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Julia Blay-Cadanet
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 10, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Han Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Shaoquan Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | | | - David Olagnier
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 10, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Manja Idorn
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 10, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Søren R Paludan
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 10, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Christian K Holm
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 10, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Thomas B Poulsen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
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47
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Sahu AK, Said MS, Hingamire T, Gaur M, Khan A, Shanmugam D, Barvkar VT, Dharne MS, Bharde AA, Dastager SG. Approach to nigericin derivatives and their therapeutic potential. RSC Adv 2020; 10:43085-43091. [PMID: 35514935 PMCID: PMC9058090 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra05137c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A new nigericin analogue that has been chemically modified was synthesized through a fluorination process from the parent nigericin, produced from a novel Streptomyces strain DASNCL-29. Fermentation strategies were designed for the optimised production of nigericin molecule and subjected for purification and structural analysis. The fermentation process resulted in the highest yield of nigericin (33% (w/w)). Initially, nigericin produced from the strain DASNCL-29 demonstrated polymorphism in its crystal structure, i.e., monoclinic and orthorhombic crystal lattices when crystallised with methanol and hexane, respectively. Furthermore, nigericin produced has been subjected to chemical modification by fluorination to enhance its efficacy. Two fluorinated analogues revealed that they possess a very potent antibacterial activity against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. To date, the nigericin molecule has not been reported for any reaction against Gram-negative bacteria, which are increasingly becoming resistant to antibiotics. For the first time, fluorinated analogues of nigericin have shown promising activity. In vitro cytotoxicity analysis of fluorinated analogues demonstrated tenfold lesser toxicity than the parent nigericin. This is the first type of study where the fluorinated analogues of nigericin showed very encouraging activity against Gram-negative organisms; moreover, they can be used as a candidate for treating many serious infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar Sahu
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR National Chemical Laboratory Pune-411008 India
- National Collection of Industrial Microorganisms (NCIM), CSIR National Chemical Laboratory Pune-411008 India
- Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR National Chemical Laboratory Pune-411008 India
| | - Madhukar S Said
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR National Chemical Laboratory Pune-411008 India
- Organic Chemistry Division, CSIR National Chemical Laboratory Pune-411008 India
| | - Tejashri Hingamire
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR National Chemical Laboratory Pune-411008 India
- Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR National Chemical Laboratory Pune-411008 India
| | - Megha Gaur
- Department of Microbiology, Savitribai Phule-Pune University Pune-411007 India
| | - Abujunaid Khan
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR National Chemical Laboratory Pune-411008 India
- National Collection of Industrial Microorganisms (NCIM), CSIR National Chemical Laboratory Pune-411008 India
- Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR National Chemical Laboratory Pune-411008 India
| | - Dhanasekaran Shanmugam
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR National Chemical Laboratory Pune-411008 India
- Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR National Chemical Laboratory Pune-411008 India
| | - Vitthal T Barvkar
- Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule-Pune University Pune-411007 India
| | - Mahesh S Dharne
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR National Chemical Laboratory Pune-411008 India
- National Collection of Industrial Microorganisms (NCIM), CSIR National Chemical Laboratory Pune-411008 India
- Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR National Chemical Laboratory Pune-411008 India
| | - Atul A Bharde
- Department of Microbiology, Savitribai Phule-Pune University Pune-411007 India
| | - Syed G Dastager
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR National Chemical Laboratory Pune-411008 India
- National Collection of Industrial Microorganisms (NCIM), CSIR National Chemical Laboratory Pune-411008 India
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48
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Czerwonka D, Barcelos Y, Steverding D, Cioch A, Huczyński A, Antoszczak M. Singly and doubly modified analogues of C20-epi-salinomycin: A new group of antiparasitic agents against Trypanosoma brucei. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 209:112900. [PMID: 33071053 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Polyether ionophores, with >120 molecules belonging to this group, represent a class of naturally-occurring compounds that exhibit a broad range of pharmacological properties, including promising activity towards a variety of parasites. In this context, salinomycin (SAL) seems to be interesting, as this ionophore has been found to be active against parasites that are responsible for a number of human and animal diseases. On the other hand, less explored is the investigation into the anti-parasitic activity of SAL derivatives. Recently, we identified C1 amides and esters of SAL and its analogue, C20-oxosalinomycin, as promising structures for trypanocidal drug candidates. In search for novel compounds effective against African trypanosomes, the synthetic access to a completely new series of C20-epi-salinomycin (compound 2) analogues is described in this paper. This series includes products obtained via derivatisation of either the C1 carboxyl or the C20 hydroxyl of 2, but also C1/C20 double modified derivatives. The anti-trypanosomal activity as well as the cytotoxic activity of these analogues were evaluated with bloodstream forms of T. brucei and human myeloid HL-60 cells, respectively. It was found that the C20 single modified derivatives 8, 12, and 18 (C20 decanoate, C20 ethyl carbonate, and C20 allophanate of 2, respectively) were the most active compounds in selectively targeting bloodstream-form trypanosomes, with 50% growth inhibition (GI50) values of 0.027-0.043 μM and selectivity indices of 165-353. These results indicate that modification at the C20 position of C20-epi-salinomycin 2 can provide semi-synthetic products with enhanced trypanocidal activity that could be of great value for the development of new drugs to treat African trypanosomiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Czerwonka
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61‒614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Yzobelle Barcelos
- Bob Champion Research & Education Building, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Dietmar Steverding
- Bob Champion Research & Education Building, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Aleksandra Cioch
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61‒614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Adam Huczyński
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61‒614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Michał Antoszczak
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61‒614, Poznań, Poland.
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49
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Kim MC, Winter JM, Cullum R, Li Z, Fenical W. Complementary Genomic, Bioinformatics, and Chemical Approaches Facilitate the Absolute Structure Assignment of Ionostatin, a Linear Polyketide from a Rare Marine-Derived Actinomycete. ACS Chem Biol 2020; 15:2507-2515. [PMID: 32852937 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.0c00526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A new linear type-1 polyketide, ionostatin (1), has been fully defined using a combined genomic and bioinformatics approach coupled with confirmatory chemical analyses. The 41 carbon-containing polyether is the product of the 101 kbp ion biosynthetic cluster containing seven modular type-1 polyketide synthases. Ionostatin is composed of 15 chiral centers that were proposed using the stereospecificities installed by the different classes of ketoreductases and enoylreductases and confirmed by rigorous NMR analyses. Incorporated into the structure are two tetrahydrofuran rings that appear to be the product of stereospecific epoxidation, followed by stereospecific ring opening and cyclization. These transformations are proposed to be catalyzed by conserved enzymes analogous to those found in other bacterial-derived polyether biosynthetic clusters. Ionostatin shows moderate cancer cell cytotoxicity against U87 glioblastoma and SKOV3 ovarian carcinoma at 7.4 μg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Cheol Kim
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Jaclyn M. Winter
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Reiko Cullum
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Zhifei Li
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - William Fenical
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Moores Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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50
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Bowden GD, Reis PM, Rogers MB, Bone Relat RM, Brayton KA, Wilson SK, Di Genova BM, Knoll LJ, Nepveux V FJ, Tai AK, Ramadhar TR, Clardy J, O'Connor RM. A conserved coccidian gene is involved in Toxoplasma sensitivity to the anti-apicomplexan compound, tartrolon E. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY-DRUGS AND DRUG RESISTANCE 2020; 14:1-7. [PMID: 32738587 PMCID: PMC7394737 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2020.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
New treatments for the diseases caused by apicomplexans are needed. Recently, we determined that tartrolon E (trtE), a secondary metabolite derived from a shipworm symbiotic bacterium, has broad-spectrum anti-apicomplexan parasite activity. TrtE inhibits apicomplexans at nM concentrations in vitro, including Cryptosporidium parvum, Toxoplasma gondii, Sarcocystis neurona, Plasmodium falciparum, Babesia spp. and Theileria equi. To investigate the mechanism of action of trtE against apicomplexan parasites, we examined changes in the transcriptome of trtE-treated T. gondii parasites. RNA-Seq data revealed that the gene, TGGT1_272370, which is broadly conserved in the coccidia, is significantly upregulated within 4 h of treatment. Using bioinformatics and proteome data available on ToxoDB, we determined that the protein product of this tartrolon E responsive gene (trg) has multiple transmembrane domains, a phosphorylation site, and localizes to the plasma membrane. Deletion of trg in a luciferase-expressing T. gondii strain by CRISPR/Cas9 resulted in a 68% increase in parasite resistance to trtE treatment, supporting a role for the trg protein product in the response of T. gondii to trtE treatment. Trg is conserved in the coccidia, but not in more distantly related apicomplexans, indicating that this response to trtE may be unique to the coccidians, and other mechanisms may be operating in other trtE-sensitive apicomplexans. Uncovering the mechanisms by which trtE inhibits apicomplexans may identify shared pathways critical to apicomplexan parasite survival and advance the search for new treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory D Bowden
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, P.O. Box 647040, Pullman, WA, 99164-7040, USA
| | - Patricia M Reis
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, P.O. Box 647040, Pullman, WA, 99164-7040, USA
| | - Maxwell B Rogers
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, P.O. Box 647040, Pullman, WA, 99164-7040, USA
| | - Rachel M Bone Relat
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, P.O. Box 647040, Pullman, WA, 99164-7040, USA
| | - Kelly A Brayton
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, P.O. Box 647040, Pullman, WA, 99164-7040, USA
| | - Sarah K Wilson
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1550 Linden Dr Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Bruno Martorelli Di Genova
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1550 Linden Dr Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Laura J Knoll
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1550 Linden Dr Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Felix J Nepveux V
- Division of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Disease, Tufts Medical Center, 60 Tremont St 3rd Fl, Boston, MA, 02116, USA
| | - Albert K Tai
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Timothy R Ramadhar
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Avenue C-213, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jon Clardy
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Avenue C-213, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Roberta M O'Connor
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, P.O. Box 647040, Pullman, WA, 99164-7040, USA.
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