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Kita T, Yabe Y, Maruyama Y, Tachida Y, Furuta Y, Yamamura N, Furuta I, Yamahara K, Ishikawa M, Omori K, Yamaguchi T, Nakagawa T. Pharmacokinetics of monoclonal antibodies locally-applied into the middle ear of guinea pigs. Hear Res 2024; 442:108950. [PMID: 38218017 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2024.108950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Countless therapeutic antibodies are currently available for the treatment of a broad range of diseases. Some target molecules of therapeutic antibodies are involved in the pathogenesis of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), suggesting that SNHL may be a novel target for monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapy. When considering mAb therapy for SNHL, understanding of the pharmacokinetics of mAbs after local application into the middle ear is crucial. To reveal the fundamental characteristics of mAb pharmacokinetics following local application into the middle ear of guinea pigs, we performed pharmacokinetic analyses of mouse monoclonal antibodies to FLAG-tag (FLAG-mAbs), which have no specific binding sites in the middle and inner ear. FLAG-mAbs were rapidly transferred from the middle ear to the cochlear fluid, indicating high permeability of the round window membrane to mAbs. FLAG-mAbs were eliminated from the cochlear fluid 3 h after application, similar to small molecules. Whole-body autoradiography and quantitative assessments of cerebrospinal fluid and serum demonstrated that the biodistribution of FLAG-mAbs was limited to the middle and inner ear. Altogether, the pharmacokinetics of mAbs are similar to those of small molecules when locally applied into the middle ear, suggesting the necessity of drug delivery systems for appropriate mAb delivery to the cochlear fluid after local application into the middle ear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Kita
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Yabe
- R&D Division, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan
| | - Yuki Maruyama
- R&D Division, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan
| | - Yuki Tachida
- R&D Division, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan
| | - Yoshitake Furuta
- R&D Division, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan
| | - Naotoshi Yamamura
- R&D Division, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan
| | - Ichiro Furuta
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Kohei Yamahara
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Masaaki Ishikawa
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Koichi Omori
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Taro Yamaguchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, Hirakata 573-0101, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nakagawa
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
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Lu P, Benabdallah N, Jiang W, Simons BW, Zhang H, Hobbs RF, Ulmert D, Baumann B, Pachynski RK, Jha AK, Thorek DL. Blind Image Restoration Enhances Digital Autoradiographic Imaging of Radiopharmaceutical Tissue Distribution. J Nucl Med 2021; 63:591-597. [PMID: 34385337 PMCID: PMC8973285 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.121.262270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Digital autoradiography (DAR) is a powerful tool to quantitatively determine the distribution of a radiopharmaceutical within a tissue section and is widely used in drug discovery and development. However, the low image resolution and significant background noise can result in poor correlation, even errors, between radiotracer distribution, anatomical structure, and molecular expression profiles. Differing from conventional optical systems, the point spread function (PSF) in DAR is determined by properties of radioisotope decay, phosphor and digitizer. Calibration of an experimental PSF a priori is difficult, prone to error, and impractical. We have developed a content-adaptive restoration algorithm to address these problems. Methods: We model the DAR imaging process using a mixed Poisson-Gaussian model, and blindly restore the image by a Penalized Maximum-Likelihood Expectation-Maximization algorithm (PG- PEM). PG-PEM implements a patch-based estimation algorithm with "Density-Based Spatial Clus- tering of Applications with Noise" to estimate noise parameters, and utilizes L2 and Hessian Frobenius (HF) norms as regularization functions to improve performance. Results: First, PG-PEM outperformed other restoration algorithms at the denoising task (p<0.01). Next, we implemented PG-PEM on pre-clinical DAR images (18F-FDG treated mice tumor and heart, 18F-NaF treated mice femur) and clinical DAR images (bone biopsy sections from 223RaCl2 treated castrate resistant prostate cancer patients). DAR images restored by PG-PEM of all samples achieved significantly higher effective resolution, contrast to noise ratio (CNR), and a lower standard deviation of background (STDB) (p<0.0001). Additionally, by comparing the registration results between the clinical DAR images and the segmented bone masks from the corresponding histological images, the radiopharmaceutical distribution was significantly improved (p<0.0001). Conclusion: PG-PEM is able to increase resolution and contrast while robustly accounting for DAR noise, and demonstrates the capacity to be widely implemented to improve pre- and clinical DAR imaging of radiopharmaceutical distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Lu
- Washington University School of Medicine, United States
| | | | - Wen Jiang
- Johns Hopkins University, United States
| | | | - Hanwen Zhang
- Washington University School of Medicine, United States
| | | | | | - Brian Baumann
- Washington University School of Medicine, United States
| | | | | | - Daniel Lj Thorek
- Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, United States
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3
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Evans CL, Hermsmeier M, Yamamoto A, Chan KF. Visualizing topical drug uptake with conventional fluorescence microscopy and deep learning. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 11:6864-6880. [PMID: 33408967 PMCID: PMC7747892 DOI: 10.1364/boe.405502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Mapping the uptake of topical drugs and quantifying dermal pharmacokinetics (PK) presents numerous challenges. Though high resolution and high precision methods such as mass spectrometry offer the means to quantify drug concentration in tissue, these tools are complex and often expensive, limiting their use in routine experiments. For the many topical drugs that are naturally fluorescent, tracking fluorescence emission can be a means to gather critical PK parameters. However, skin autofluorescence can often overwhelm drug fluorescence signatures. Here we demonstrate the combination of standard epi-fluorescence imaging with deep learning for the visualization and quantification of fluorescent drugs in human skin. By training a U-Net convolutional neural network on a dataset of annotated images, drug uptake from both high "infinite" dose and daily clinical dose regimens can be measured and quantified. This approach has the potential to simplify routine topical product development in the laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor L. Evans
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Boston 02114, USA
| | | | - Akira Yamamoto
- BioPharmX, Inc., 115 Nicholson Ln, San Jose, CA 95134, USA
| | - Kin F. Chan
- BioPharmX, Inc., 115 Nicholson Ln, San Jose, CA 95134, USA
- Currently at Simpson Interventions, Inc., Woodside, CA 94062, USA
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Soubaneh YD, Pelletier E, Desbiens I, Rouleau C. Radiolabeling of amide functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes for bioaccumulation study in fish bone using whole-body autoradiography. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:3756-3767. [PMID: 31300987 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05794-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Commercial and medicinal applications of functionalized carbon nanotubes (f-CNTs) such as amidated f-CNTs are expanding rapidly with a potential risk exposure to living organisms. The effects of amidated f-CNTs on aquatic species have received a limited attention. In this work, an easy wet method to prepare [14C]-label amide multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) is reported. Labeled carbon nanotubes were prepared by successive reactions of carboxylation, chloroacylation, and final amidation using [14C]-labeled ethanolamine. The f-CNTs were characterized using elemental analysis, electron dispersive X-ray, transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and Raman and FTIR spectroscopy. An uptake experiment was carried out with juvenile Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) using water dispersed amidated [14C]-f-CNTs to assess their biodistribution in fish tissues using whole body autoradiography. The radioactivity pattern observed in fish head suggests that f-CNTs were accumulated in head bone canals, possibly involving an interaction with mineral or organic phases of bones such as calcium and collagen. This f-CNTs distribution illustrates how important is to consider the surface charges of functionalized carbon nanotubes in ecotoxicological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssouf Djibril Soubaneh
- Département de biologie, chimie et géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 300, Allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, QC, G5L 3A1, Canada.
| | - Emilien Pelletier
- Institut des sciences de la mer de Rimouski, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 310 Allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, QC, G5L 3A1, Canada
| | - Isabelle Desbiens
- Institut des sciences de la mer de Rimouski, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 310 Allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, QC, G5L 3A1, Canada
| | - Claude Rouleau
- Institut des sciences de la mer de Rimouski, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 310 Allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, QC, G5L 3A1, Canada
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5
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Bouter C, Bouter Y. 18F-FDG-PET in Mouse Models of Alzheimer's Disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2019; 6:71. [PMID: 31058151 PMCID: PMC6482246 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2019.00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Suitable animal models and in vivo biomarkers are essential for development and evaluation of new therapeutic strategies in Alzheimer's disease (AD). 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG)-positron-emission tomography (PET) is an imaging biomarker that allows the assessment of cerebral glucose metabolism in vivo. While 18F-FDG-PET/CT is an established tool in the evaluation of AD patients, its role in preclinical studies with AD mouse models remains unclear. Here, we want to review available studies on 18F-FDG-PET/CT in AD mouse models in order to evaluate the method and its impact in preclinical AD research. Only a limited number of studies using 18F-FDG-PET in AD mice were carried out so far showing contradictory findings in cerebral FDG uptake. Methodological differences as well as underlying pathological features of used mouse models seem to be accountable for those varying results. However, 18F-FDG-PET can be a valuable tool in longitudinal in vivo therapy monitoring with a lot of potential for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Bouter
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Yvonne Bouter
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
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6
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Vigne J, Thackeray J, Essers J, Makowski M, Varasteh Z, Curaj A, Karlas A, Canet-Soulas E, Mulder W, Kiessling F, Schäfers M, Botnar R, Wildgruber M, Hyafil F. Current and Emerging Preclinical Approaches for Imaging-Based Characterization of Atherosclerosis. Mol Imaging Biol 2019; 20:869-887. [PMID: 30250990 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-018-1264-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic plaques can remain quiescent for years, but become life threatening upon rupture or disruption, initiating clot formation in the vessel lumen and causing acute myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke. Whether and how a plaque ruptures is determined by its macroscopic structure and microscopic composition. Rupture-prone plaques usually consist of a thin fibrous cap with few smooth muscle cells, a large lipid core, a dense infiltrate of inflammatory cells, and neovessels. Such lesions, termed high-risk plaques, can remain asymptomatic until the thrombotic event. Various imaging technologies currently allow visualization of morphological and biological characteristics of high-risk atherosclerotic plaques. Conventional protocols are often complex and lack specificity for high-risk plaque. Conversely, new imaging approaches are emerging which may overcome these limitations. Validation of these novel imaging techniques in preclinical models of atherosclerosis is essential for effective translational to clinical practice. Imaging the vessel wall, as well as its biological milieu in small animal models, is challenging because the vessel wall is a small structure that undergoes continuous movements imposed by the cardiac cycle as it is adjacent to circulating blood. The focus of this paper is to provide a state-of-the-art review on techniques currently available for preclinical imaging of atherosclerosis in small animal models and to discuss the advantages and limitations of each approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Vigne
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Bichat University Hospital, AP-HP; INSERM, U-1148, DHU FIRE, University Diderot, Paris, France
| | - James Thackeray
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jeroen Essers
- Departments of Vascular Surgery, Molecular Genetics, Radiation Oncology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marcus Makowski
- Department of Radiology, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Zoreh Varasteh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Adelina Curaj
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging (ExMI), University Hospital Aachen, RWTH, Aachen, Germany
| | - Angelos Karlas
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Emmanuel Canet-Soulas
- Laboratoire CarMeN, INSERM U-1060, Lyon/Hospices Civils Lyon, IHU OPERA Cardioprotection, Université de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Willem Mulder
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Fabian Kiessling
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging (ExMI), University Hospital Aachen, RWTH, Aachen, Germany
| | - Michael Schäfers
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - René Botnar
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Moritz Wildgruber
- Translational Research Imaging Center, Institut für Klinische Radiologie, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Fabien Hyafil
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Bichat University Hospital, AP-HP; INSERM, U-1148, DHU FIRE, University Diderot, Paris, France. .,Département de Médecine Nucléaire, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Bichat, 46 rue Henri Huchard, 75018, Paris, France.
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7
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Kalnins CAG, Spooner NA, Clarke MJP, Ottaway D. Alpha particle autoradiography for high spatial resolution mapping of radionuclides. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2019; 197:9-15. [PMID: 30476811 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2018.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
An autoradiographic technique capable of determining the spatial location of radioactive isotopes within materials on the scale of micrometers is demonstrated in low-activity mineral samples, where the concentrations of radionuclides with short half lives is small and below the detection limits of current measurement techniques. The location of certain radionuclide species within samples with complex structures on the micron scale can yield valuable information, however current methods do not have the spatial resolution required for this purpose. We demonstrate the use of an autoradiographic emulsion to directly image alpha particle events in samples with low radionuclide concentrations, allowing spatial resolution of radionuclide locations on the order of several microns. Exposure over a long time period allows sufficient integration of decay events enabling analysis of samples with low activity but large area, (less than 1×10-4 Bq/mm2). The use of polarising filters to increase contrast between the alpha particle tracks and the substrate during imaging demonstrates the viability of the technique on samples with a complex structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A G Kalnins
- Institute for Photonics & Advanced Sensing and School of Physical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, Australia.
| | - Nigel A Spooner
- Institute for Photonics & Advanced Sensing and School of Physical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, Australia; Defence Science and Technology Group, Edinburgh, 5111, Australia
| | - Michael J P Clarke
- Institute for Photonics & Advanced Sensing and School of Physical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, Australia
| | - David Ottaway
- Institute for Photonics & Advanced Sensing and School of Physical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, Australia
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8
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Application of modern autoradiography to nuclear forensic analysis. Forensic Sci Int 2018; 286:223-232. [PMID: 29604471 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2018.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Modern autoradiography techniques based on phosphorimaging technology using image plates (IPs) and digital scanning can identify heterogeneities in activity distributions and reveal material properties, serving to inform subsequent analyses. Here, we have adopted these advantages for applications in nuclear forensics, the technical analysis of radioactive or nuclear materials found outside of legal control to provide data related to provenance, production history, and trafficking route for the materials. IP autoradiography is a relatively simple, non-destructive method for sample characterization that records an image reflecting the relative intensity of alpha and beta emissions from a two-dimensional surface. Such data are complementary to information gathered from radiochemical characterization via bulk counting techniques, and can guide the application of other spatially resolved techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). IP autoradiography can image large 2-dimenstional areas (up to 20×40cm), with relatively low detection limits for actinides and other radioactive nuclides, and sensitivity to a wide dynamic range (105) of activity density in a single image. Distributions of radioactivity in nuclear materials can be generated with a spatial resolution of approximately 50μm using IP autoradiography and digital scanning. While the finest grain silver halide films still provide the best possible resolution (down to ∼10μm), IP autoradiography has distinct practical advantages such as shorter exposure times, no chemical post-processing, reusability, rapid plate scanning, and automated image digitization. Sample preparation requirements are minimal, and the analytical method does not consume or alter the sample. These advantages make IP autoradiography ideal for routine screening of nuclear materials, and for the identification of areas of interest for subsequent micro-characterization methods. In this paper we present a summary of our setup, as modified for nuclear forensic sample analysis and related research, and provide examples of data from select samples from the nuclear fuel cycle and historical nuclear test debris.
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Atzrodt J, Derdau V, Kerr WJ, Reid M. Deuterium- und tritiummarkierte Verbindungen: Anwendungen in den modernen Biowissenschaften. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201704146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jens Atzrodt
- Isotope Chemistry and Metabolite Synthesis, Integrated Drug Discovery, Medicinal Chemistry; Industriepark Höchst, G876 65926 Frankfurt Deutschland
| | - Volker Derdau
- Isotope Chemistry and Metabolite Synthesis, Integrated Drug Discovery, Medicinal Chemistry; Industriepark Höchst, G876 65926 Frankfurt Deutschland
| | - William J. Kerr
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, WestCHEM; University of Strathclyde; 295 Cathedral Street Glasgow Scotland G1 1XL Großbritannien
| | - Marc Reid
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, WestCHEM; University of Strathclyde; 295 Cathedral Street Glasgow Scotland G1 1XL Großbritannien
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Atzrodt J, Derdau V, Kerr WJ, Reid M. Deuterium- and Tritium-Labelled Compounds: Applications in the Life Sciences. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:1758-1784. [PMID: 28815899 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201704146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 407] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen isotopes are unique tools for identifying and understanding biological and chemical processes. Hydrogen isotope labelling allows for the traceless and direct incorporation of an additional mass or radioactive tag into an organic molecule with almost no changes in its chemical structure, physical properties, or biological activity. Using deuterium-labelled isotopologues to study the unique mass-spectrometric patterns generated from mixtures of biologically relevant molecules drastically simplifies analysis. Such methods are now providing unprecedented levels of insight in a wide and continuously growing range of applications in the life sciences and beyond. Tritium (3 H), in particular, has seen an increase in utilization, especially in pharmaceutical drug discovery. The efforts and costs associated with the synthesis of labelled compounds are more than compensated for by the enhanced molecular sensitivity during analysis and the high reliability of the data obtained. In this Review, advances in the application of hydrogen isotopes in the life sciences are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Atzrodt
- Isotope Chemistry and Metabolite Synthesis, Integrated Drug Discovery, Medicinal Chemistry, Industriepark Höchst, G876, 65926, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Volker Derdau
- Isotope Chemistry and Metabolite Synthesis, Integrated Drug Discovery, Medicinal Chemistry, Industriepark Höchst, G876, 65926, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - William J Kerr
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, WestCHEM, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, Scotland, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Marc Reid
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, WestCHEM, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, Scotland, G1 1XL, UK
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11
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Ding Y, Caucci L, Barrett HH. Null functions in three-dimensional imaging of alpha and beta particles. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15807. [PMID: 29150683 PMCID: PMC5693958 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16111-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Null functions of an imaging system are functions in the object space that give exactly zero data. Hence, they represent the intrinsic limitations of the imaging system. Null functions exist in all digital imaging systems, because these systems map continuous objects to discrete data. However, the emergence of detectors that measure continuous data, e.g. particle-processing (PP) detectors, has the potential to eliminate null functions. PP detectors process signals produced by each particle and estimate particle attributes, which include two position coordinates and three components of momentum, as continuous variables. We consider Charged-Particle Emission Tomography (CPET), which relies on data collected by a PP detector to reconstruct the 3D distribution of a radioisotope that emits alpha or beta particles, and show empirically that the null functions are significantly reduced for alpha particles if ≥3 attributes are measured or for beta particles with five attributes measured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Ding
- Department of Physics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
| | - Luca Caucci
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Harrison H Barrett
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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12
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Kim YI, Paeng JC, Cheon GJ, Kang KW, Lee DS, Chung JK. Discrepancy Between Tumor Antigen Distribution and Radiolabeled Antibody Binding in a Nude Mouse Xenograft Model of Human Melanoma. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2017; 32:83-89. [PMID: 28380302 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2016.2115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Biodistribution of antibodies is vital to successful immunoscintigraphy/immunotherapy, and it is assumed to be similar to antigen distribution. We measured and compared the binding pattern of radiolabeled antibody to tissue antigen distribution in a nude mouse xenograft model of human melanoma. METHODS We transplanted 107 FEM-XII human melanoma cells into the right flank of five nude mice. For the control, we transplanted 5 × 106 LS174T human colon cancer cells into the left flank. Two weeks later, 10 μCi of 131I-labeled melanoma-associated 96.5 monoclonal antibody (targeting p97 antigen) was intravenously injected. Three days later, we sacrificed the mice and evaluated 96.5 antibody binding and concentration in the tumors by ex vivo quantitative autoradiography (QAR). Two months later, we incubated adjacent tumor tissue slices in various concentrations of 125I-labeled 96.5 MoAb and evaluated the distribution/concentration of p97 antigen by in vitro QAR. RESULTS p97 antigen distribution was homogeneous in the tumors (total antigen concentration [Bmax] = 17.36-38.36 pmol/g). In contrast, radiolabeled 96.5 antibody binding was heterogenous between location within the tumor (estimated bound antigen concentration = 0.7-6.6 pmol/g). No quantifiable parameters were found to be related with radiolabeled antibody binding and tumor antigen distribution. Antibody-bound tumor antigen to total antigen ratios ranged between 2% and 38%. CONCLUSIONS Heterogeneous features of target antibody binding were observed in contrast to relatively homogenous feature of tumor antigen. We did not identify any correlations between p97 antigen distribution and 96.5 antibody binding in melanoma tissue. Radiolabeled 96.5 antibody binding patterns within melanoma cannot be predicted based on p97 antigen distribution in the tumor, which needs to be further studied with several other methods and more subjects in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Il Kim
- 1 Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital , Seoul, Korea.,2 Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University , Seongnam, Korea
| | - Jin Chul Paeng
- 1 Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital , Seoul, Korea
| | - Gi Jeong Cheon
- 1 Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital , Seoul, Korea
| | - Keon Wook Kang
- 1 Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital , Seoul, Korea.,3 Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Soo Lee
- 1 Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital , Seoul, Korea
| | - June-Key Chung
- 1 Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital , Seoul, Korea.,3 Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul, Korea
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13
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Clinical development of a poly(2-oxazoline) (POZ) polymer therapeutic for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease – Proof of concept of POZ as a versatile polymer platform for drug development in multiple therapeutic indications. Eur Polym J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2016.09.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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14
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Ferreira MS, de Oliveira DN, Mesquita CC, Barbosa APDL, Anhê GF, Catharino RR. MALDI-MSI: a fast and reliable method for direct melatonin quantification in biological fluids. J Anal Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1186/s40543-016-0106-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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15
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Goodwin RJA, Nilsson A, Mackay CL, Swales JG, Johansson MK, Billger M, Andrén PE, Iverson SL. Exemplifying the Screening Power of Mass Spectrometry Imaging over Label-Based Technologies for Simultaneous Monitoring of Drug and Metabolite Distributions in Tissue Sections. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 21:187-93. [DOI: 10.1177/1087057115623740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) provides pharmaceutical researchers with a suite of technologies to screen and assess compound distributions and relative abundances directly from tissue sections and offer insight into drug discovery–applicable queries such as blood-brain barrier access, tumor penetration/retention, and compound toxicity related to drug retention in specific organs/cell types. Label-free MSI offers advantages over label-based assays, such as quantitative whole-body autoradiography (QWBA), in the ability to simultaneously differentiate and monitor both drug and drug metabolites. Such discrimination is not possible by label-based assays if a drug metabolite still contains the radiolabel. Here, we present data exemplifying the advantages of MSI analysis. Data of the distribution of AZD2820, a therapeutic cyclic peptide, are related to corresponding QWBA data. Distribution of AZD2820 and two metabolites is achieved by MSI, which [14C]AZD2820 QWBA fails to differentiate. Furthermore, the high mass-resolving power of Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance MS is used to separate closely associated ions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Nilsson
- Biomolecular Imaging and Proteomics, National Center for Mass Spectrometry Imaging, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - John G. Swales
- Drug Safety and Metabolism, AstraZeneca R&D, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Per E. Andrén
- Biomolecular Imaging and Proteomics, National Center for Mass Spectrometry Imaging, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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16
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Cobice DF, Goodwin RJA, Andren PE, Nilsson A, Mackay CL, Andrew R. Future technology insight: mass spectrometry imaging as a tool in drug research and development. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 172:3266-83. [PMID: 25766375 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In pharmaceutical research, understanding the biodistribution, accumulation and metabolism of drugs in tissue plays a key role during drug discovery and development. In particular, information regarding pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and transport properties of compounds in tissues is crucial during early screening. Historically, the abundance and distribution of drugs have been assessed by well-established techniques such as quantitative whole-body autoradiography (WBA) or tissue homogenization with LC/MS analysis. However, WBA does not distinguish active drug from its metabolites and LC/MS, while highly sensitive, does not report spatial distribution. Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) can discriminate drug and its metabolites and endogenous compounds, while simultaneously reporting their distribution. MSI data are influencing drug development and currently used in investigational studies in areas such as compound toxicity. In in vivo studies MSI results may soon be used to support new drug regulatory applications, although clinical trial MSI data will take longer to be validated for incorporation into submissions. We review the current and future applications of MSI, focussing on applications for drug discovery and development, with examples to highlight the impact of this promising technique in early drug screening. Recent sample preparation and analysis methods that enable effective MSI, including quantitative analysis of drugs from tissue sections will be summarized and key aspects of methodological protocols to increase the effectiveness of MSI analysis for previously undetectable targets addressed. These examples highlight how MSI has become a powerful tool in drug research and development and offers great potential in streamlining the drug discovery process.
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Affiliation(s)
- D F Cobice
- University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - R J A Goodwin
- Drug Metabolism and Distribution, Mass Spectrometry Imaging, AstraZeneca R&D, Macclesfield, UK
| | - P E Andren
- Biomolecular Imaging and Proteomics, National Center for Mass Spectrometry Imaging, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - A Nilsson
- Biomolecular Imaging and Proteomics, National Center for Mass Spectrometry Imaging, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - C L Mackay
- SIRCAMS, School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - R Andrew
- University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Ferreira MS, de Oliveira RN, de Oliveira DN, Esteves CZ, Allegretti SM, Catharino RR. Revealing praziquantel molecular targets using mass spectrometry imaging: an expeditious approach applied to Schistosoma mansoni. Int J Parasitol 2015; 45:385-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2014.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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18
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In situ drug and metabolite analysis [corrected] in biological and clinical research by MALDI MS imaging. Bioanalysis 2015; 6:1241-53. [PMID: 24946924 DOI: 10.4155/bio.14.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years the analysis in mass spectrometry (MS) [corrected] imaging has been expanded to detect a wide variety of low molecular weight compounds (LMWC), including exogenous and endogenous compounds. The high sensitivity and selectivity of MS imaging combined with visualization of molecular spatial distribution in tissues, makes it a valuable [corrected] platform in targeted drug and untargeted metabolomic analysis [corrected] in biological and clinical research. Here, we review the current and potential applications of MALDI MS imaging in these areas. The aim of advancing MALDI MS imaging in the field of LMWC is to support clinical applications by understanding drug and drug-metabolite distribution, investigating toxicity and discovering [corrected] new biomarkers.
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19
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Uhl P, Fricker G, Haberkorn U, Mier W. Radionuclides in drug development. Drug Discov Today 2015; 20:198-208. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2014.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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20
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Solon EG. Autoradiography techniques and quantification of drug distribution. Cell Tissue Res 2015; 360:87-107. [PMID: 25604842 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-014-2093-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The use of radiolabeled drug compounds offers the most efficient way to quantify the amount of drug and/or drug-derived metabolites in biological samples. Autoradiography is a technique using X- ray film, phosphor imaging plates, beta imaging systems, or photo-nuclear emulsion to visualize molecules or fragments of molecules that have been radioactively labeled, and it has been used to quantify and localize drugs in tissues and cells for decades. Quantitative whole-body autoradiography or autoradioluminography (QWBA) using phosphor imaging technology has revolutionized the conduct of drug distribution studies by providing high resolution images of the spatial distribution and matching tissue concentrations of drug-related radioactivity throughout the body of laboratory animals. This provides tissue-specific pharmacokinetic (PK) compartmental analysis which has been useful in toxicology, pharmacology, and drug disposition/patterns, and to predict human exposure to drugs and metabolites, and also radioactivity, when a human radiolabeled drug study is necessary. Microautoradiography (MARG) is another autoradiographic technique that qualitatively resolves the localization of radiolabeled compounds to the cellular level in a histological preparation. There are several examples in the literature of investigators attempting to obtain drug concentration data from MARG samples; however, there are technical issues which make that problematic. These issues will be discussed. This review will present a synopsis of both techniques and examples of how they have been used for drug research in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric G Solon
- QPS, LLC, 110 Executive Drive, Suite 7, Newark, DE, USA,
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21
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Ferreira MS, de Oliveira DN, de Oliveira RN, Allegretti SM, Catharino RR. Screening the life cycle of Schistosoma mansoni using high-resolution mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2014; 845:62-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Revised: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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22
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In situ assessment of atorvastatin impurity using MALDI mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI). Anal Chim Acta 2014; 818:32-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.01.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Revised: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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23
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Ferreira MS, de Oliveira DN, de Oliveira RN, Allegretti SM, Vercesi AE, Catharino RR. Mass spectrometry imaging: a new vision in differentiating Schistosoma mansoni strains. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2014; 49:86-92. [PMID: 24446267 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is a neglected disease with large geographic distribution worldwide. Among the several different species of this parasite, S. mansoni is the most common and relevant one; its pathogenesis is also known to vary according to the worms' strain. High parasitical virulence is directly related to granulomatous reactions in the host's liver, and might be influenced by one or more molecules involved in a specific metabolic pathway. Therefore, better understanding the metabolic profile of these organisms is necessary, especially for an increased potential of unraveling strain virulence mechanisms and resistance to existing treatments. In this report, MALDI-MSI and the metabolomic platform were employed to characterize and differentiate two Brazilian S. mansoni strains: males and females from Belo Horizonte (BH) and from Sergipe (SE). By performing direct analysis, it is possible to distinguish the sex of adult worms, as well as identify the spatial distribution of chemical markers. Phospholipids, diacylglycerols and triacylglycerols were located in specific structures of the worms' bodies, such as tegument, suckers, reproductive and digestive systems. Lipid profiles were found to be different both between strains and males or females, giving specific metabolic fingerprints for each group. This indicates that biochemical characterization of adult S. mansoni may help narrowing-down the investigation of new therapeutic targets according to worm composition, molecule distribution and, therefore, aggressiveness of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mônica Siqueira Ferreira
- Innovare Biomarkers Laboratory, Medicine and Experimental Surgery Nucleus, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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24
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de Oliveira DN, de Bona Sartor S, Ferreira MS, Catharino RR. Cosmetic Analysis Using Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry Imaging (MALDI-MSI). MATERIALS 2013; 6:1000-1010. [PMID: 28809353 PMCID: PMC5512960 DOI: 10.3390/ma6031000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Revised: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A new "omic" platform-Cosmetomics-that proves to be extremely simple and effective in terms of sample preparation and readiness for data acquisition/interpretation is presented. This novel approach employing Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry Imaging (MALDI-MSI) for cosmetic analysis has proven to readily identify and quantify compounds of interest. It also allows full control of all the production phases, as well as of the final product, by integration of both analytical and statistical data. This work has focused on products of daily use, namely nail polish, lipsticks and eyeliners of multiple brands sold in the worldwide market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Noin de Oliveira
- INNOVARE Biomarkers Lab, Medicine and Experimental Surgery Department, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-877, Brazil.
| | - Sabrina de Bona Sartor
- INNOVARE Biomarkers Lab, Medicine and Experimental Surgery Department, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-877, Brazil.
| | - Mônica Siqueira Ferreira
- INNOVARE Biomarkers Lab, Medicine and Experimental Surgery Department, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-877, Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo Ramos Catharino
- INNOVARE Biomarkers Lab, Medicine and Experimental Surgery Department, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-877, Brazil.
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25
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MALDI imaging mass spectrometry: bridging biology and chemistry in drug development. Bioanalysis 2012; 3:2427-41. [PMID: 22074284 DOI: 10.4155/bio.11.232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of drug tissue distribution impacts a number of areas in drug development, including: pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, safety, drug-drug interactions, transport and metabolism. Despite their extensive use, autoradiography and tissue homogenate LC-MS analysis have limitations in providing a comprehensive assessment of tissue distributions. In the case of autoradiography, it is the inability to distinguish between parent drug and drug metabolites. In LC-MS analysis of tissue homogenate, all tissue localization information is lost. The emerging technique of MALDI imaging mass spectrometry has the capability to distinguish between parent and metabolites while maintaining spatial distribution in tissues. In this article, we will review the MALDI imaging MS methodology as applied to drug development and provide examples highlighting the impact of this important technique in drug development.
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26
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Solon EG. Use of Radioactive Compounds and Autoradiography to Determine Drug Tissue Distribution. Chem Res Toxicol 2012; 25:543-55. [DOI: 10.1021/tx200509f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric G. Solon
- QPS, LLC, 110 Executive
Drive, Suite 7, Newark, Delaware, United States
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27
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Pellegatti M. Preclinical in vivo ADME studies in drug development: a critical review. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2012; 8:161-72. [PMID: 22248306 DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2012.652084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The last two decades have brought many fundamental changes to the drug development process. One such change is the importance of preclinical pharmacokinetics, which has become an essential part of early drug discovery. Furthermore, bioanalytical methods have become more sensitive and the identification and quantitation of metabolites can now be carried out on limited amount of biological material. There has also been a change in regulatory expectations, which are now particularly focused on the safety of human metabolites. AREAS COVERED The focus of this paper is on some 'traditional' in vivo ADME studies: excretion balance, metabolic profile and WBA in the toxicological species. These studies, performed with radiolabeled material, have a long history: and are a regular presence in submission dossiers. This paper reviews their value in the perspective of the contemporary drug development process. EXPERT OPINION These experiments may sometimes still be relevant to explain toxicological findings or for other special purposes but should not be considered required pieces of the registration dossiers. An appropriate investigation of samples coming from safety evaluation and human Phase I studies and the knowledge generated during the lead optimization phase provide, in most instances, all the DMPK information needed to take decisions in the drug development process.
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28
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Blatherwick EQ, Van Berkel GJ, Pickup K, Johansson MK, Beaudoin ME, Cole RO, Day JM, Iverson S, Wilson ID, Scrivens JH, Weston DJ. Utility of spatially-resolved atmospheric pressure surface sampling and ionization techniques as alternatives to mass spectrometric imaging (MSI) in drug metabolism. Xenobiotica 2011; 41:720-34. [DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2011.587550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Pellegatti M, Pagliarusco S. Drug and metabolite concentrations in tissues in relationship to tissue adverse findings: a review. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2011; 7:137-46. [DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2011.545053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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30
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Impact of various factors on radioactivity distribution in different DBS papers. Bioanalysis 2010; 2:1469-75. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.10.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Dried blood spot (DBS) sampling could potentially become the preferred blood collection technique in toxicological and clinical studies. Autoradiography was performed to study compound distribution within a dbs under different conditions using five papers, 31ETF, Grade 226, 903®, FTA® and FTA® Elute. Results: The results showed an uneven distribution in all papers with common distribution patterns regardless of compounds: decreased concentrations along the edge, the volcano effect in the middle and the speckle pattern in the center. Treated papers were more readily influenced by environmental factors. Conclusion: Autoradiography enables visualization of a compound’s distribution and can guide bioanalytical assay development by allowing convenient evaluation of factors, such as choice of paper, spotting volume, punch size, punch location, temperature and humidity.
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31
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Solon EG, Schweitzer A, Stoeckli M, Prideaux B. Autoradiography, MALDI-MS, and SIMS-MS imaging in pharmaceutical discovery and development. AAPS J 2010; 12:11-26. [PMID: 19921438 PMCID: PMC2811645 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-009-9158-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2009] [Accepted: 10/30/2009] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Whole-body autoradiography ((WBA) or quantitative WBA (QWBA)), microautoradiography (MARG), matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometric imaging (MALDI-MSI), and secondary ion mass spectrometric imaging (SIMS-MSI) are high-resolution, molecular imaging techniques used to study the tissue distribution of radiolabeled and nonlabeled compounds in ex vivo, in situ biological samples. WBA, which is the imaging of the whole-body of lab animals, and/or their organ systems; and MARG, which provides information on the localization of radioactivity in histological preparations and at the cellular level, are used to support drug discovery and development efforts. These studies enable the conduct of human radiolabeled metabolite studies and have provided pharmaceutical scientists with a high resolution and quantitative method of accessing tissue distribution. MALDI-MSI is a mass spectrometric imaging technique capable of label-free and simultaneous determination of the identity and distribution of xenobiotics and their metabolites as well as endogenous substances in biological samples. This makes it an interesting extension to WBA and MARG, eliminating the need for radiochemistry and providing molecular specific information. SIMS-MSI offers a complementary method to MALDI-MSI for the acquisition of images with higher spatial resolution directly from biological specimens. Although traditionally used for the analysis of surface films and polymers, SIMS has been used successfully for the study of biological tissues and cell types, thus enabling the acquisition of images at submicrometer resolution with a minimum of samples preparation.
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Prideaux B, Staab D, Stoeckli M. Applications of MALDI-MSI to pharmaceutical research. Methods Mol Biol 2010; 656:405-13. [PMID: 20680604 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60761-746-4_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
MALDI-MSI has been demonstrated to be a suitable technique in pharmaceutical research for providing information of the distribution of low molecular weight compounds such as drugs and their metabolites within whole-body tissue sections. Important ADME information can be determined by MALDI-MSI analysis of the distribution of drugs and metabolites in whole-body tissue sections taken from animals killed at a range of time points postdose. In this example we applied MALDI-MSI to the localization of a compound and its primary metabolite in whole-body mouse sections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan Prideaux
- Analytical Sciences, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
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Abstract
The era of ‘modern medicine’ has changed its name to ‘molecular medicine’, and reflects a new age based on personalized medicine utilizing molecular biomarkers in the diagnosis, staging and monitoring of therapy. Alzheimer’s disease has a classical biomarker determined at autopsy with the histologic staining of amyloid accumulation in the brain. Today we can diagnose Alzheimer’s disease using the same classical pathologic biomarker, but now using a noninvasive imaging probe to image the amyloid deposition in a patient and potentially provide treatment strategies and measure their effectiveness. Molecular medicine is the exploitation of biomarkers to detect disease before overt expression of pathology. Physicians can now find, fight and follow disease using imaging, and the need for other disease biomarkers is in high demand. This review will discuss the innovative physical and molecular biomarker probes now being developed for imaging systems and we will introduce the concepts needed for validation and regulatory acceptance of surrogate biomarkers in the detection and treatment of disease.
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34
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Balaz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58105, USA.
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