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Ortore G, Orlandini E, Betti L, Giannaccini G, Mazzoni MR, Camodeca C, Nencetti S. Focus on Human Monoamine Transporter Selectivity. New Human DAT and NET Models, Experimental Validation, and SERT Affinity Exploration. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:3214-3232. [PMID: 32991141 PMCID: PMC8015229 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
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The most commonly used antidepressant
drugs are the serotonin transporter
inhibitors. Their effects depend strongly on the selectivity for a
single monoamine transporter compared to other amine transporters
or receptors, and the selectivity is roughly influenced by the spatial
protein structure. Here, we provide a computational study on three
human monoamine transporters, i.e., DAT, NET, and SERT. Starting from
the construction of hDAT and hNET models, whose three-dimensional
structure is unknown, and the prediction of the binding pose for 19
known inhibitors, 3D-QSAR models of three human transporters were
built. The training set variability, which was high in structure and
activity profile, was validated using a set of in-house compounds.
Results concern more than one aspect. First of all, hDAT and hNET
three-dimensional structures were built, validated, and compared to
the hSERT one; second, the computational study highlighted the differences
in binding site arrangement statistically correlated to inhibitor
selectivity; third, the profiling of new inhibitors pointed out a
conservation of the inhibitory activity trend between rabbit and human
SERT with a difference of about 1 order of magnitude; fourth, binding
and functional studies confirmed 4-(benzyloxy)-4-phenylpiperidine 20a–d and 21a–d as potent SERT
inhibitors. In particular, one of the compounds (compound 20b) revealed a higher affinity for SERT than paroxetine in human platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Ortore
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Orlandini
- Research Center “E. Piaggio”, University of Pisa, Pisa 56122, Italy
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Pisa, Via Santa Maria 53-55, 56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - Laura Betti
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Gino Giannaccini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Rosa Mazzoni
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Caterina Camodeca
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Susanna Nencetti
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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Stuivenga M, Giltay EJ, Cools O, Roosens L, Neels H, Sabbe B. Evaluation of vilazodone for the treatment of depressive and anxiety disorders. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2018; 20:251-260. [PMID: 30475091 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2018.1549542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and General Anxiety Disorder (GAD) significantly contribute to the global burden of disease. Vilazodone, a combined serotonin reuptake inhibitor and 5-HT1A partial agonist, is an approved therapy for the treatment of MDD and which has been further investigated for GAD. Areas covered: This article covers the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of vilazodone and provides an evaluation of the clinical usefulness of vilazodone for the treatment of MDD and anxiety disorders. A literature search was performed using PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library. Expert opinion: Studies have shown that vilazodone is significantly superior to placebo. However, vilazodone cannot as yet be recommended as a first-line treatment option for MDD as it is unclear whether the drug's dual mechanism of action provides greater efficacy than prevailing treatment options. Moreover, more phase IV studies are needed to establish its efficacy and long-term safety in larger and more diverse populations. Although vilazodone may have an additional advantage for the treatment of anxiety symptoms in MDD, here also additional studies are required to confirm its efficacy over and above SSRI alternatives and other antidepressant treatments. Therefore, presently, vilazodone should be considered as a second- or third-line treatment option for MDD and GAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirella Stuivenga
- a Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , University of Antwerp, Belgium; University Psychiatric Hospital Duffel , Duffel , Belgium
| | - Erik J Giltay
- a Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , University of Antwerp, Belgium; University Psychiatric Hospital Duffel , Duffel , Belgium.,b Department of Psychiatry , Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC) , Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Olivia Cools
- a Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , University of Antwerp, Belgium; University Psychiatric Hospital Duffel , Duffel , Belgium
| | - Laurence Roosens
- c Toxicological Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Antwerp , Antwerp , Belgium
| | - Hugo Neels
- c Toxicological Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Antwerp , Antwerp , Belgium
| | - Bernard Sabbe
- a Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , University of Antwerp, Belgium; University Psychiatric Hospital Duffel , Duffel , Belgium
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Nežić I, Sander A, Meštrović E, Čavužić D. Production of stable amorphous form by means of spray drying. PARTICULATE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/02726351.2017.1417936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Igor Nežić
- Department of Mechanical and Thermal Process Engineering, Pliva Croatia Ltd, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Aleksandra Sander
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ernest Meštrović
- Department of Mechanical and Thermal Process Engineering, Pliva Croatia Ltd, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dražen Čavužić
- Department of Mechanical and Thermal Process Engineering, Pliva Croatia Ltd, Zagreb, Croatia
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Hjorth S. Looking back (and in)to the future: A personal reflection on 'Serotonin autoreceptor function and antidepressant drug action' (Hjorth et al., 2000). J Psychopharmacol 2016; 30:1129-1136. [PMID: 27166363 DOI: 10.1177/0269881116647621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Our article in this journal some 15 years ago focussed on the role of serotonin (5-HT) autoreceptors in the mechanism of action of antidepressant drugs. Specifically in this regard, the results were summarised of rat microdialysis studies carried out to examine: (a) the relative importance of 5-HT1A and 5-HT1B autoreceptors, including (b) possible regional variation, and (c) potential changes in autoreceptor responsiveness following chronic selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor administration. In the present reflection piece, I recap some of the key findings against a brief background and provide an account of their bearing within the context of subsequent endeavours in the antidepressant drug research and development field. I conclude by shortly commenting on selected topics relevant to novel, interesting advances and avenues for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Hjorth
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Qiu ZK, Li MS, He JL, Liu X, Zhang GH, Lai S, Ma JC, Zeng J, Li Y, Wu HW, Chen Y, Shen YG, Chen JS. Translocator protein mediates the anxiolytic and antidepressant effects of midazolam. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2015; 139:77-83. [PMID: 26455280 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2015.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2015] [Revised: 09/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The translocator protein (18 kDa) (TSPO) plays an important role in stress-related disorders, such as anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), caused by neurosteroids (e.g. allopregnanolone). The present study sought to evaluate the significance of TSPO in anxiolytic and antidepressant effects induced by midazolam. The animals were administrated midazolam (0.25, 0.5 and 1 mg/kg, i.p.) and subjected to behavioral tests, including Vogel-type conflict test, elevated plus-maze test, forced swimming test. Midazolam produced anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like effects Vogel-type conflict test (1 mg/kg, i.p.), elevated plus-maze test (0.5 and 1 mg/kg, i.p.), and forced swimming test (0.5 and 1 mg/kg, i.p.). These effects of Midazolam were totally blocked by the TSPO antagonist PK11195 (3 mg/kg, i.p.). To evaluate the role of allopregnanolone in the anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like effects of midazolam, the animals were decapitated at the end of the behavioral tests. The allopregnanolone levels of the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The allopregnanolone level of the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus was increased by midazolam (0.5, 1 mg/kg, i.p.) and the increase was reversed by PK11195 (3 mg/kg, i.p.). Overall, the results indicated that the anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like effects of midazolam were mediated by TSPO, via stimulation of allopregnanolone biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Kun Qiu
- Pharmaceutical Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Clinical Pharmacy Department of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Ming-Sheng Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Centre Hospital of Taian, Taian 271000, PR China
| | - Jia-Li He
- Department of Endocrinology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, PR China.
| | - Xu Liu
- Pharmacy Department of General Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Beijing 100039, PR China
| | - Guan-Hua Zhang
- Neurosurgery Department of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, PR China
| | - Sha Lai
- Pharmaceutical Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Clinical Pharmacy Department of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Jian-Chun Ma
- Pharmaceutical Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Clinical Pharmacy Department of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Jia Zeng
- Pharmaceutical Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Clinical Pharmacy Department of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Yan Li
- Pharmaceutical Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Clinical Pharmacy Department of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Hong-Wei Wu
- Pharmaceutical Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Clinical Pharmacy Department of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Yong Chen
- Pharmaceutical Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Clinical Pharmacy Department of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Yong-Gang Shen
- Pharmaceutical Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Clinical Pharmacy Department of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Ji-Sheng Chen
- Pharmaceutical Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Clinical Pharmacy Department of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China.
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Murrough JW, Yaqubi S, Sayed S, Charney DS. Emerging drugs for the treatment of anxiety. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 2015; 20:393-406. [PMID: 26012843 DOI: 10.1517/14728214.2015.1049996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Anxiety disorders are among the most prevalent and disabling psychiatric disorders in the United States and worldwide. Basic research has provided critical insights into the mechanism regulating fear behavior in animals and a host of animal models have been developed in order to screen compounds for anxiolytic properties. Despite this progress, no mechanistically novel agents for the treatment of anxiety have come to market in more than two decades. AREAS COVERED The current review will provide a critical summary of current pharmacological approaches to the treatment of anxiety and will examine the pharmacotherapeutic pipeline for treatments in development. Anxiety and related disorders considered herein include panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, generalized anxiety disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder. The glutamate, neuropeptide and endocannabinoid systems show particular promise as future targets for novel drug development. EXPERT OPINION In the face of an ever-growing understanding of fear-related behavior, the field awaits the translation of this research into mechanistically novel treatments. Obstacles will be overcome through close collaboration between basic and clinical researchers with the goal of aligning valid endophenotypes of human anxiety disorders with improved animal models. Novel approaches are needed to move basic discoveries into new, more effective treatments for our patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W Murrough
- a 1 Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Psychiatry, Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program , One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1230, New York, NY 10029, USA +1 212 241 7574 ; +1 212 241 3354 ;
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Dale E, Bang-Andersen B, Sánchez C. Emerging mechanisms and treatments for depression beyond SSRIs and SNRIs. Biochem Pharmacol 2015; 95:81-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2015.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Citrome L, Gommoll CP, Tang X, Nunez R, Mathews M. Evaluating the efficacy of vilazodone in achieving remission in patients with major depressive disorder: post-hoc analyses of a phase IV trial. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 2015; 30:75-81. [PMID: 25396353 PMCID: PMC4314104 DOI: 10.1097/yic.0000000000000056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of vilazodone using different definitions of remission. Post-hoc analyses were carried out using data from an 8-week, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of vilazodone 40 mg/day in adults with major depressive disorder (NCT01473394). The primary efficacy endpoint was a mean change in the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) total score; additional measures included the Clinical Global Impressions-Severity (CGI-S) and Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety (HAMA) scores. In addition to treatment response (MADRS≥50% improvement), post-hoc analyses were carried out for remission of depressive symptoms [MADRS score≤10; MADRS≤5 (complete remission)], anxiety symptoms (HAMA≤7), and combined depression and anxiety symptoms (MADRS/HAMA≤10/≤7), as well as for overall symptom severity (CGI-S=1). Odds ratios (ORs) and numbers needed to treat (NNTs) were also calculated. Significant outcomes were obtained with vilazodone versus placebo for MADRS response (50.6 vs. 33.3%, OR=2.04, P<0.001, NNT=6), remission (34.0 vs. 21.8%, OR=1.82, P=0.003, NNT=9), and complete remission (18.2 vs. 8.3%, OR=2.42, P=0.002, NNT=11). More patients receiving vilazodone rather than placebo also met remission criteria for HAMA (48.8 vs. 35.2%, OR=1.82, P=0.002, NNT=8), MADRS/HAMA (32.1 vs. 20.4%, OR=1.83, P=0.004, NNT=9), and CGI-S (24.1 vs. 11.5%, OR=2.41, P<0.001, NNT=8). Treatment with vilazodone 40 mg/day may help adult patients with major depressive disorder achieve remission of depression and/or anxiety symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie Citrome
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | | | - Xiongwen Tang
- Forest Research Institute, Jersey City, New Jersey, USA
| | - Rene Nunez
- Forest Research Institute, Jersey City, New Jersey, USA
| | - Maju Mathews
- Forest Research Institute, Jersey City, New Jersey, USA
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Zhou ZY, Sun S, Chopra P, Zhong Y, Totev T, Signorovitch J. Health resource use and costs of vilazodone and other selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors in treating major depressive disorder. J Med Econ 2015; 18:919-29. [PMID: 26121061 DOI: 10.3111/13696998.2015.1061534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are widely prescribed antidepressants. This claims database study compared healthcare resource use and costs among patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) treated with vilazodone vs other SSRIs. METHODS Adults with an MDD diagnosis and ≥ 1 prescription fill for vilazodone, citalopram, escitalopram, fluoxetine, paroxetine, or sertraline were identified from administrative claims data (2010-2012). Patients who concomitantly used adjunctive medication, either a second-generation antidepressant or antipsychotic, were excluded. All-cause and MDD-related healthcare resource use and costs (in 2012 USD) were compared between patients treated with vilazodone vs other SSRIs over a 6-month follow-up period using unadjusted and multivariable analyses. RESULTS The study cohort included 49 861 patients (mean age = 44.0 years; 70% female). Compared with the vilazodone cohort (n = 3527), patients in the citalopram (n = 12 187), escitalopram (n = 8275), fluoxetine (n = 10 142), paroxetine (n = 3146), and sertraline (n = 12 584) cohorts had significantly more all-cause inpatient hospital visits, longer hospital stays and more frequent emergency department visits, following the index date, after adjusting for baseline characteristics. All-cause medical service costs (inpatient + outpatient + emergency department visits) were significantly higher across all other SSRI cohorts vs vilazodone by $758-$1165 (p < 0.05). Similarly, all-cause total costs, were significantly or numerically (non-significantly) higher across all SSRI cohorts vs vilazodone by $351-$780. LIMITATIONS The was no clinical measurement of disease severity, partial coverage of the Medicare-eligible population, and short follow-up. CONCLUSION MDD treatment with vilazodone was associated with significantly lower rates of inpatient and emergency services, and with significantly lower all-cause medical service costs and numerically (non-significantly) lower total costs to payers than with the other SSRIs included in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shawn Sun
- b b Forest Research Institute, Inc., an affiliate of Actavis, Inc. , Jersey City , NJ , USA
| | | | | | - Todor Totev
- c c Analysis Group, Inc. , Boston , MA , USA
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Iqbal M, Ezzeldin E, Al-Rashood KA, Bajrai AA. A Simple and Fast UHPLC–MS-MS Assay for Rapid Determination of Vilazodone in Plasma Sample. J Anal Toxicol 2014; 39:106-12. [DOI: 10.1093/jat/bku126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Olivier B. Serotonin: a never-ending story. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 753:2-18. [PMID: 25446560 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Revised: 10/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The neurotransmitter serotonin is an evolutionary ancient molecule that has remarkable modulatory effects in almost all central nervous system integrative functions, such as mood, anxiety, stress, aggression, feeding, cognition and sexual behavior. After giving a short outline of the serotonergic system (anatomy, receptors, transporter) the author's contributions over the last 40 years in the role of serotonin in depression, aggression, anxiety, stress and sexual behavior is outlined. Each area delineates the work performed on animal model development, drug discovery and development. Most of the research work described has started from an industrial perspective, aimed at developing animals models for psychiatric diseases and leading to putative new innovative psychotropic drugs, like in the cases of the SSRI fluvoxamine, the serenic eltoprazine and the anxiolytic flesinoxan. Later this research work mainly focused on developing translational animal models for psychiatric diseases and implicating them in the search for mechanisms involved in normal and diseased brains and finding new concepts for appropriate drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berend Olivier
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences & Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584CG Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, USA
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