1
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Araki R, Kita A, Ago Y, Yabe T. Chronic social defeat stress induces anxiety-like behaviors via downregulation of serotonin transporter in the prefrontal serotonergic system in mice. Neurochem Int 2024; 174:105682. [PMID: 38301899 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2024.105682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
The serotonergic (5-HTergic) system is closely involved in the pathophysiology of mood and anxiety disorders and the responsibility of this system may differ for each symptom. In this study, we examined the relationship between the dysfunction of the 5-HTergic system and abnormal behaviors in the social defeat stress model, an animal model of mood and anxiety disorders and in mice with knockdown of Slc6a4, the gene encoding SERT. Monoamine content, serotonin (5-HT) release, 5-HT uptake, 5-HT transporter (SERT) protein levels, and behaviors were investigated in mice subjected to chronic social defeat stress and in mice with knockdown of Slc6a4, in 5-HTergic neurons projecting to the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Furthermore, DNA methylation of Slc6a4 was examined in mice subjected to chronic social defeat stress. Increased turnover, increased extracellular basal levels, decreased release and decreased uptake of 5-HT, and decreased SERT protein levels were observed in the PFC of the stressed mice. The decreased 5-HT uptake correlated with anxiety-like behavior characterized by decreased time spent in the open arms of the elevated plus maze. DNA methylation was increased in the CpG island of Slc6a4 in 5-HTergic neurons projecting to the PFC of the stressed mice. Similar to the stressed mice, mice with Slc6a4 knockdown in 5-HTergic neurons projecting to the PFC also showed decreased release and uptake of 5-HT in the PFC and increased anxiety-like behavior. Chronic stress may induce anxiety due to dysfunction in the prefrontal 5-HTergic system via decreased SERT expression in the PFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Araki
- Laboratory of Functional Biomolecules and Chemical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Ayami Kita
- Laboratory of Functional Biomolecules and Chemical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yukio Ago
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yabe
- Laboratory of Functional Biomolecules and Chemical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, Osaka, Japan.
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2
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Higuchi Y, Arakawa H. Serotonergic mediation of the brain-wide neurogenesis: Region-dependent and receptor-type specific roles on neurogenic cellular transformation. Curr Res Neurobiol 2023; 5:100102. [PMID: 37638344 PMCID: PMC10458724 DOI: 10.1016/j.crneur.2023.100102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) is a key molecule for the mediation of depression-related brain states, but the neural mechanisms underlying 5-HT mediation need further investigation. A possible mechanism of the therapeutic antidepressant effects is neurogenic cell production, as stimulated by 5-HT signaling. Neurogenesis, the proliferation of neural stem cells (NSCs), and cell differentiation and maturation occur across brain regions, particularly the hippocampal dentate gyrus and the subventricular zone, throughout one's lifespan. 5-HT plays a major role in the mediation of neurogenic processes, which in turn leads to the therapeutic effect on depression-related states. In this review article, we aim to identify how the neuronal 5-HT system mediates the process of neurogenesis, including cell proliferation, cell-type differentiation and maturation. First, we will provide an overview of the neurogenic cell transformation that occurs in brain regions containing or lacking NSCs. Second, we will review brain region-specific mechanisms of 5-HT-mediated neurogenesis by comparing regions localized to NSCs, i.e., the hippocampus and subventricular zone, with those not containing NSCs. Highlighting these 5-HT mechanisms that mediate neurogenic cell production processes in a brain-region-specific manner would provide unique insights into the role of 5-HT in neurogenesis and its associated effects on depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Higuchi
- Department of Systems Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Arakawa
- Department of Systems Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
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3
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Wang Z, Yan C, Du Q, Huang Y, Li X, Zeng D, Mao R, Gurram RK, Cheng S, Gu W, Zhu L, Fan W, Ma L, Ling Z, Qiu J, Li D, Liu E, Zhang Y, Fang Y, Zhu J, Sun B. HTR2A agonists play a therapeutic role by restricting ILC2 activation in papain-induced lung inflammation. Cell Mol Immunol 2023; 20:404-418. [PMID: 36823235 PMCID: PMC10066198 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-023-00982-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are a category of heterogeneous cells that produce the cytokines IL-5 and IL-13, which mediate the type 2 immune response. However, specific drug targets on lung ILC2s have rarely been reported. Previous studies have shown that type 2 cytokines, such as IL-5 and IL-13, are related to depression. Here, we demonstrated the negative correlation between the depression-associated monoamine neurotransmitter serotonin and secretion of the cytokines IL-5 and IL-13 by ILC2s in individuals with depression. Interestingly, serotonin ameliorates papain-induced lung inflammation by suppressing ILC2 activation. Our data showed that the serotonin receptor HTR2A was highly expressed on ILC2s from mouse lungs and human PBMCs. Furthermore, an HTR2A selective agonist (DOI) impaired ILC2 activation and alleviated the type 2 immune response in vivo and in vitro. Mice with ILC2-specific depletion of HTR2A (Il5cre/+·Htr2aflox/flox mice) abolished the DOI-mediated inhibition of ILC2s in a papain-induced mouse model of inflammation. In conclusion, serotonin and DOI could restrict the type 2 lung immune response, indicating a potential treatment strategy for type 2 lung inflammation by targeting HTR2A on ST2+ ILC2s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhishuo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Chenghua Yan
- College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China.
| | - Qizhen Du
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yuying Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Xuezhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Dan Zeng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
- Department of Allergy, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Ruizhi Mao
- Clinical Research Center and Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Rama Krishna Gurram
- Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Shipeng Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Wangpeng Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Weiguo Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Liyan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Zhiyang Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Ju Qiu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Dangsheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Enmei Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China.
| | - Yaguang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China.
| | - Yiru Fang
- Clinical Research Center and Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China.
- CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai, 200031, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, 201108, China.
| | - Jinfang Zhu
- Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Bing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China.
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4
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Park JI, Lee IH, Lee SJ, Kwon RW, Choo EA, Nam HW, Lee JB. Effects of music therapy as an alternative treatment on depression in children and adolescents with ADHD by activating serotonin and improving stress coping ability. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:73. [PMID: 36879223 PMCID: PMC9987133 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-022-03832-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine the effect of music therapy as an alternative treatment on depression in children and adolescents with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) by activating serotonin (5-HT) and improving stress coping ability. METHODS This study is designed based on randomization method. A total of 36 subjects participated in the experiment, consisting of an ADHD control group (n = 18) and ADHD music therapy group (n = 18). The ADHD control group received standard care, while the ADHD music therapy group received music therapy and standard care. The ADHD music therapy group received both active music therapy (improvisation) and receptive music therapy (music listening) for 50 minutes, twice a week, for 3 months: a total of 24 times. From a neurophysiological perspective, changes in depression and stress were tracked by measuring 5-HT secretion, cortisol expression, blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), and CDI and DHQ psychological scales. RESULTS The ADHD music therapy group's 5-HT secretion increased (p < 0.001), whereas cortisol expression (p < 0.001), BP (p < 0.001) and HR (p < 0.001) decreased. The CDI and DHQ psychological scales also showed positive changes (p < 0.01 and p < 0.001, respectively). However, the ADHD Con G's (who did not receive music therapy) 5-HT secretion did not increase, whereas cortisol expression, BP, and HR did not decrease. In addition, the CDI and DHQ psychological scales did not display positive changes. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the application of music therapy as an alternative treatment for ADHD children and adolescents showed positive neurophysiological and psychological effects. Therefore, this study would like to propose a new alternative to medicine for preventing and treating depression through various uses of music therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-In Park
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, 31151, Republic of Korea.,Department of Medical Sciences, Graduate School, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Ho Lee
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan, 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Jea Lee
- Department of Medical Sciences, Graduate School, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Ryeo-Won Kwon
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Eon-Ah Choo
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Woo Nam
- Department of Medical Sciences, Graduate School, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Beom Lee
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, 31151, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Medical Sciences, Graduate School, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, 31538, Republic of Korea.
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5
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Xu QQ, Luo L, Liu ZG, Guo Z, Huang XJ. Highly sensitive and selective serotonin (5-HT) electrochemical sensor based on ultrafine Fe 3O 4 nanoparticles anchored on carbon spheres. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 222:114990. [PMID: 36495719 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neurotransmitter serotonin (5-HT) is involved in various physiological and pathological processes. Therefore, its highly sensitive and selective detection in human serum is of great significance for early diagnosis of disease. In this work, employing iron phthalocyanine as Fe source, ultrafine Fe3O4 nanoparticles anchored on carbon spheres (Fe3O4/CSs) have been prepared, which exhibits an excellent electrochemical sensing performance toward 5-HT. With carbonecous spheres turned into conductive carbon spheres under the heat treatment in N2 atmosphere, iron phthalocyanine absorbed on their surfaces are simultaneously pyrolysised and oxidized, and finally transformed into ultrafine Fe3O4 nanoparticles. Electrochemical results demonstrate a high sensitivity (5.503 μA μM-1) and a low detection limit (4 nM) toward 5-HT for as-prepared Fe3O4/CSs. In combination with the morphology and physicochemical property of Fe3O4/CSs, the enhanced sensing mechanism toward 5-HT is disscussed. In addition, the developed electrochemical sensor also displays a good sensing stability and an anti-interferent ability. Further applied in real human serum samples, a satisfactory recovery rate is achieved. Promisingly, the developed electrochemical sensor can be employed for the determination of 5-HT in actual samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Qian Xu
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, PR China; Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230601, PR China
| | - Lan Luo
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, PR China; Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230601, PR China
| | - Zhong-Gang Liu
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, PR China; Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230601, PR China
| | - Zheng Guo
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, PR China; Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230601, PR China.
| | - Xing-Jiu Huang
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, And Environmental Materials and Pollution Control Laboratory, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, PR China
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6
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Ago Y, Yokoyama R, Asano S, Hashimoto H. Roles of the monoaminergic system in the antidepressant effects of ketamine and its metabolites. Neuropharmacology 2023; 223:109313. [PMID: 36328065 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
While the molecular target of (R,S)-ketamine (ketamine) is thought to be the NMDA receptor, subanesthetic doses of ketamine have been known to modulate monoaminergic neurotransmission in the central nervous system. Although the involvement of the serotonergic system in the antidepressant effects of ketamine has been reported in most studies of this topic, some recent studies have reported that the dopaminergic system plays a key role in the effects of ketamine. Additionally, several lines of evidence suggest that the antidepressant-like effects of (R)-ketamine might be independent of the monoaminergic system. Ketamine metabolites also differ considerably in their ability to regulate monoamine neurotransmitters relative to (S)-ketamine and (R)-ketamine, while (2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine might share common serotonergic signaling mechanisms with ketamine. In the current review, we summarize the effects of ketamine and its metabolites on monoamine neurotransmission in the brain and discuss the potential roles of the monoaminergic system in the mechanism of action of ketamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukio Ago
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan.
| | - Rei Yokoyama
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Satoshi Asano
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Hashimoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Division of Bioscience, Institute for Datability Science, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Department of Molecular Pharmaceutical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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7
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de Kort AR, Joosten EA, Versantvoort EM, Patijn J, Tibboel D, van den Hoogen NJ. Anatomical changes in descending serotonergic projections from the rostral ventromedial medulla to the spinal dorsal horn following repetitive neonatal painful procedures. Int J Dev Neurosci 2022; 82:361-371. [PMID: 35393725 DOI: 10.1002/jdn.10185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive noxious stimulation during the critical neonatal period impacts the nociceptive network lasting into adulthood. As descending serotonergic projections from the rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) to the spinal dorsal horn develop postnatally, this study aims to investigate the long-term effect of repetitive neonatal procedural pain on the descending serotonergic RVM-spinal dorsal horn network. A well-established rat model of repetitive noxious procedures is used in which neonatal rats received four noxious needle pricks or tactile stimulation with a cotton swab per day in the left hind paw from day of birth to postnatal day 7. Control animals were left undisturbed. When animals reached adulthood, tissue was collected for quantitative immunohistochemical analysis of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) in the RVM and spinal dorsal horn. Both repetitive noxious and tactile procedures in the neonate decreased the 5-HT staining intensity in the adult ipsilateral, but not contralateral spinal dorsal horn. Repetitive neonatal noxious procedures resulted in an increased area covered with 5-HT staining in the adult RVM ipsilateral to the side of injury, whereas repetitive neonatal tactile stimulation resulted in increased 5-HT staining intensity in both the ipsi- and contralateral RVM. The number of 5-HT cells in adult RVM is unaffected by neonatal conditions. This detailed anatomical study shows that not only neonatal noxious procedures, but also repetitive tactile procedures result in long-lasting anatomical changes of the descending serotonergic system within the RVM and spinal dorsal horn. Future studies should investigate whether these anatomical changes translate to functional differences in descending serotonergic modulation after neonatal adverse experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne R de Kort
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,Department of Translational Neuroscience, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Elbert A Joosten
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,Department of Translational Neuroscience, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Eline M Versantvoort
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Jacob Patijn
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,Department of Translational Neuroscience, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Dick Tibboel
- Intensive Care and Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nynke J van den Hoogen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,Department of Translational Neuroscience, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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8
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Araragi N, Alenina N, Bader M. Carbon-mixed dental cement for fixing fiber optic ferrules prevents visually triggered locomotive enhancement in mice upon optogenetic stimulation. Heliyon 2022; 8:e08692. [PMID: 35024491 PMCID: PMC8732788 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Optogenetics enables activation/silencing of specific neurons with unprecedented temporal and spatial resolution. The method, however, is prone to artefacts associated with biophysics of light used for illuminating opsin-expressing neurons. Here we employed Tph2-mhChR2-YFP transgenic mice, which express channelrhodopsin (ChR2) only in serotonergic neurons in the brain, to investigate behavioral effects of optogenetic stimulation of serotonergic neurons. Surprisingly, optogenetic stimulation enhanced locomotion even in ChR2-negative mice. Such unspecific effects are likely to be due to visual agitation caused by light leakage from the dental cement, which is commonly used to fixate optic fiber ferrules on the skull. When we employed black dental cement made by mixing carbons with dental cement powders, such unspecific effects were abolished in ChR2-negative mice, but not in ChR2-positive mice, confirming that enhanced locomotion resulted from serotonergic activation. The method allows extracting genuine behavioral effects of optogenetic stimulation without contamination from visual stimuli caused by light leakage. Dental cement for fixating optic fiber ferrules was shown to permit light leakage. Such light leakage was quantified as photon counts. Leaked light induced locomotive enhancement through visual stimuli. By adding carbon to the dental cement mixture, such light leakage can be prevented. The method enables behavioral experiments without confounding visual factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naozumi Araragi
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany.,Charité - Berlin University of Medicine, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Natalia Alenina
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, University Embankment 7-9, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Michael Bader
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany.,Charité - Berlin University of Medicine, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Germany.,Institute for Biology, University of Lübeck, Germany
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9
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Wang W, Zhang B, Zhang Y, Ma P, Wang X, Sun Y, Song D, Fei Q. Colorimetry and SERS dual-mode sensing of serotonin based on functionalized gold nanoparticles. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2021; 261:120057. [PMID: 34119772 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we reported a colorimetry and SERS dual-mode sensing of serotonin (5-HT) based on functionalized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). Based on the amino and hydroxyl groups in 5-HT can react with dithiobis succinimidyl propionate (DSP) and N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NALC) respectively, we synthesized two kinds of functionalized AuNPs (DSP-AuNPs and NALC-AuNPs). A double interaction between functionalized nanoparticles and the hydroxyl and the amino group of serotonin led to interparticle-crosslinking aggregation. The aggregation of the two functionalized AuNPs can cause the plasmon coupling of AuNPs resulting in a color change visible to the naked eye and the enlargement of SERS "hot spot" area and the enhancement of SERS signal. Furthermore, two kinds of functionalized AuNPs can specifically recognize 5-HT and effectively reduce the interference of biomolecules with similar structure to 5-HT in the experiment. This dual-mode system has the advantages of low detection limit, high sensitivity and good selectivity, and the detection limit is 0.15 nmol L-1. Besides, the system was applied to the determination of 5-HT content in human serum, and the relative standard deviation (RSD) was lower than 3.75%, which indicated that the system had a good application prospect in the determination of biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin Province Research Center for Engineering and Technology of Spectral Analytical Instruments, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin Province Research Center for Engineering and Technology of Spectral Analytical Instruments, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Pinyi Ma
- College of Chemistry, Jilin Province Research Center for Engineering and Technology of Spectral Analytical Instruments, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Xinghua Wang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin Province Research Center for Engineering and Technology of Spectral Analytical Instruments, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Ying Sun
- College of Chemistry, Jilin Province Research Center for Engineering and Technology of Spectral Analytical Instruments, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Daqian Song
- College of Chemistry, Jilin Province Research Center for Engineering and Technology of Spectral Analytical Instruments, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Qiang Fei
- College of Chemistry, Jilin Province Research Center for Engineering and Technology of Spectral Analytical Instruments, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun 130012, China.
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Csatlosova K, Bogi E, Durisova B, Grinchii D, Paliokha R, Moravcikova L, Lacinova L, Jezova D, Dremencov E. Maternal immune activation in rats attenuates the excitability of monoamine-secreting neurons in adult offspring in a sex-specific way. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2021; 43:82-91. [PMID: 33341344 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2020.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Higher risk of depression and schizophrenia in descendants of mothers experienced acute infection during the pregnancy has been reported. Since monoamines are fundamental in mentioned psychopathologies, it is possible that maternal immune activation leads to impaired functioning of serotonin (5-HT), noradrenaline, and dopamine neurons in offspring. To test this hypothesis, we examined the effect of maternal immune activation by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in rats on the excitability of monoamine-secreting neurons in the offspring. LPS was administered during days 15-19 of the gestation in the rising doses of 20-80 µg/kg; control dams received vehicle. During days 53-63 postpartum, rats were anesthetized and electrodes were inserted into the dorsal raphe nucleus, locus coeruleus, and ventral tegmental area for in vivo excitability assessment of 5-HT, noradrenaline, and dopamine neurons. Maternal immune activation suppressed the firing rate of 5-HT neurons in both sexes and stimulated the firing rate of dopamine neurons in males. Decrease in the firing rate of 5-HT neurons was accompanied with an increase, and increase in the firing rate of dopamine neurons with a decrease, in the density of spontaneously active cells. Maternal immune activation also decreased the variability of interspike intervals in 5-HT and dopamine neurons. It is possible that the alteration of excitability of 5-HT and dopamine neurons by maternal immune activation is involved in the psychopathologies induced by infectious disease during the pregnancy. Stimulation of dopamine excitability in males might be a compensatory mechanism secondary to the maternal immune challenge-induced suppression of 5-HT neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Csatlosova
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Eszter Bogi
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Barbora Durisova
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Center for Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 840 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Daniil Grinchii
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Center for Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 840 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ruslan Paliokha
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Center for Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 840 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lucia Moravcikova
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Center for Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 840 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lubica Lacinova
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Center for Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 840 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Daniela Jezova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Eliyahu Dremencov
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Center for Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 840 05 Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Jiang H, Yin H, Wang L, Feng C, Bai Y, Huang D, Zhang Q, Liu H, Hu Y. Memory impairment of chewing-side preference mice is associated with 5-HT-BDNF signal pathway. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:303-10. [PMID: 32989626 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03907-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Although tooth loss is a known risk factor of cognitive function, whether and how the chewing-side preference (CSP) affects memory impairment still remains unclear. This study evaluates the behavior changes in mice after the loss of teeth on one side and explores the role of serotonin (5-HT) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signal pathway within these changes. To this end, CSP mouse models with either the removal of left unilateral molars (CSP-L) or right unilateral molars (CSP-R) were established. Morris water maze test and passive avoidance test were performed to evaluate the mice's learning and memory capacity in the 4th and 8th weeks. The correlation between CSP and brain function changes was validated with changes in 5-HT and BDNF levels. CSP mice's cognitive function was found to be decreased, along with a significant decline in 5-HT1A level, especially in CSP-R mice. BDNF and TrkB levels in CSP-R mice were also significantly lowered. These findings suggest that CSP results in memory impairment, which is associated with the 5-HT-BDNF signaling pathway.
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Terenina NB, Kreshchenko ND, Mochalova NV, Nefedova D, Voropaeva EL, Movsesyan SO, Demiaszkiewicz A, Yashin VA, Kuchin AV. The New Data on the Serotonin and FMRFamide Localization in the Nervous System of Opisthorchis felineus Metacercaria. Acta Parasitol 2020; 65:361-74. [PMID: 32002774 DOI: 10.2478/s11686-019-00165-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trematoda Opisthorchis felineus Rivolta, 1884 is the causative agent of dangerous parasite disease-opisthorchiasis, widespread in the Russian Federation. The details of the neuroanatomical localization of the serotoninergic and FMRFamidergic neurotransmitter elements as well as their functional roles remain not studied enough in both adult and larval forms of O. felineus. The studies in this area are important in term of the development of a new pharmacological strategy of the struggle with the causative agent of opisthorchiasis affecting the neuronal signal substances and the function of its nervous system. PURPOSE The aim of this work was the immunocytochemical study of the neurotransmitters serotonin (5-HT, 5-Hydroxitryptamine) and neuropeptide FMRFamide localization in the nervous system of the opisthorchiasis causative agent-O. felineus metacercaria. To study the relationship between the detected neurotransmitters and the muscular elements of the parasite, the muscle staining was carried out simultaneously using fluorophore-conjugated phalloidin. METHODS The localization of 5-HTergic and FMRFamidergic nerve structures was determined by immunocytochemical method. The staining samples were analyzed using a fluorescent and confocal laser scanning microscopies. RESULTS The new data on the presence and distribution of the serotonin-immunopositive (IP)- and FMRFa-IP components in the central and peripheral departments of the nervous system of O. felineus metacercaria has been obtained. Besides that a number of the new anatomical details of the nervous system organization and of the innervation of the organs and tissues in the investigated parasite have been revealed. CONCLUSION The data obtained on the presence and localization of the 5-HTergic and peptidergic (FMRFamide) components in central and peripheral departments of the nervous system of O. felineus metacercaria elaborated and expanded the existing information about the nervous system as well as the innervations of the tissues and organs in the causative agent of opistchorchiasis.
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Forero A, Ku HP, Malpartida AB, Wäldchen S, Alhama-Riba J, Kulka C, Aboagye B, Norton WHJ, Young AMJ, Ding YQ, Blum R, Sauer M, Rivero O, Lesch KP. Serotonin (5-HT) neuron-specific inactivation of Cadherin-13 impacts 5-HT system formation and cognitive function. Neuropharmacology 2020; 168:108018. [PMID: 32113967 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide screening approaches identified the cell adhesion molecule Cadherin-13 (CDH13) as a risk factor for neurodevelopmental disorders, nevertheless the contribution of CDH13 to the disease mechanism remains obscure. CDH13 is involved in neurite outgrowth and axon guidance during early brain development and we previously provided evidence that constitutive CDH13 deficiency influences the formation of the raphe serotonin (5-HT) system by modifying neuron-radial glia interaction. Here, we dissect the specific impact of CDH13 on 5-HT system development and function using a 5-HT neuron-specific Cdh13 knockout mouse model (conditional Cdh13 knockout, Cdh13 cKO). Our results show that exclusive inactivation of CDH13 in 5-HT neurons selectively increases 5-HT neuron density in the embryonic dorsal raphe, with persistence into adulthood, and serotonergic innervation of the developing prefrontal cortex. At the behavioral level, adult Cdh13 cKO mice display delayed acquisition of several learning tasks and a subtle impulsive-like phenotype, with decreased latency in a sociability paradigm alongside with deficits in visuospatial memory. Anxiety-related traits were not observed in Cdh13 cKO mice. Our findings further support the critical role of CDH13 in the development of dorsal raphe 5-HT circuitries, a mechanism that may underlie specific clinical features observed in neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Forero
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Center of Mental Health, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Hsing-Ping Ku
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Center of Mental Health, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ana Belén Malpartida
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Center of Mental Health, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sina Wäldchen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Judit Alhama-Riba
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Center of Mental Health, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christina Kulka
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Center of Mental Health, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Aboagye
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Center of Mental Health, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - William H J Norton
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Andrew M J Young
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Yu-Qiang Ding
- Institute of Brain Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Robert Blum
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Markus Sauer
- Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Olga Rivero
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Center of Mental Health, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Klaus-Peter Lesch
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Center of Mental Health, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Laboratory of Psychiatric Neurobiology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
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Billing LJ, Larraufie P, Lewis J, Leiter A, Li J, Lam B, Yeo GS, Goldspink DA, Kay RG, Gribble FM, Reimann F. Single cell transcriptomic profiling of large intestinal enteroendocrine cells in mice - Identification of selective stimuli for insulin-like peptide-5 and glucagon-like peptide-1 co-expressing cells. Mol Metab 2019; 29:158-169. [PMID: 31668387 PMCID: PMC6812004 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2019.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Enteroendocrine cells (EECs) of the large intestine, found scattered in the epithelial layer, are known to express different hormones, with at least partial co-expression of different hormones in the same cell. Here we aimed to categorize colonic EECs and to identify possible targets for selective recruitment of hormones. Methods Single cell RNA-sequencing of sorted enteroendocrine cells, using NeuroD1-Cre x Rosa26-EYFP mice, was used to cluster EECs from the colon and rectum according to their transcriptome. G-protein coupled receptors differentially expressed across clusters were identified, and, as a proof of principle, agonists of Agtr1a and Avpr1b were tested as candidate EEC secretagogues in vitro and in vivo. Results EECs from the large intestine separated into 7 clear clusters, 4 expressing higher levels of Tph1 (enzyme required for serotonin (5-HT) synthesis; enterochromaffin cells), 2 enriched for Gcg (encoding glucagon-like peptide-1, GLP-1, L-cells), and the 7th expressing somatostatin (D-cells). Restricted analysis of L-cells identified 4 L-cell sub-clusters, exhibiting differential expression of Gcg, Pyy (Peptide YY), Nts (neurotensin), Insl5 (insulin-like peptide 5), Cck (cholecystokinin), and Sct (secretin). Expression profiles of L- and enterochromaffin cells revealed the clustering to represent gradients along the crypt-surface (cell maturation) and proximal-distal gut axes. Distal colonic/rectal L-cells differentially expressed Agtr1a and the ligand angiotensin II was shown to selectively increase GLP-1 and PYY release in vitro and GLP-1 in vivo. Conclusion EECs in the large intestine exhibit differential expression gradients along the crypt-surface and proximal-distal axes. Distal L-cells can be differentially stimulated by targeting receptors such as Agtr1a. Large intestinal enteroendocrine cells group into subclusters by single cell RNAseq. Enteroendocrine-cell subclusters differ along crypt-surface and longitudinal axes. L-cells differ longitudinally by production of NTS (proximal colon) or INSL5 (rectum). INSL5-positive cells express distinct GPCRs enabling cluster-specific stimulation. Targeted stimulation of INSL5-producing L-cells elevates plasma GLP-1 and PYY in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence J Billing
- University of Cambridge, Wellcome Trust/MRC Institute of Metabolic Science (IMS) & MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Pierre Larraufie
- University of Cambridge, Wellcome Trust/MRC Institute of Metabolic Science (IMS) & MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Jo Lewis
- University of Cambridge, Wellcome Trust/MRC Institute of Metabolic Science (IMS) & MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Leiter
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Joyce Li
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Brian Lam
- University of Cambridge, Wellcome Trust/MRC Institute of Metabolic Science (IMS) & MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Giles Sh Yeo
- University of Cambridge, Wellcome Trust/MRC Institute of Metabolic Science (IMS) & MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Deborah A Goldspink
- University of Cambridge, Wellcome Trust/MRC Institute of Metabolic Science (IMS) & MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Richard G Kay
- University of Cambridge, Wellcome Trust/MRC Institute of Metabolic Science (IMS) & MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona M Gribble
- University of Cambridge, Wellcome Trust/MRC Institute of Metabolic Science (IMS) & MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom.
| | - Frank Reimann
- University of Cambridge, Wellcome Trust/MRC Institute of Metabolic Science (IMS) & MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom.
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15
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Zimmer AM, Do J, Szederkenyi K, Chen A, Morgan ALR, Jensen G, Pan YK, Gilmour KM, Perry SF. Use of gene knockout to examine serotonergic control of ion uptake in zebrafish reveals the importance of controlling for genetic background: A cautionary tale. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2019; 238:110558. [PMID: 31446068 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2019.110558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Freshwater (FW) fishes inhabit dilute environments and must actively absorb ions in order to counteract diffusive salt loss. Neuroendocrine control of ion uptake in FW fishes is an important feature of ion homeostasis and several important neuroendocrine factors have been identified. The role of serotonin (5-HT), however, has received less attention despite several studies pointing to a role for 5-HT in the control of ion balance. Here, we used a gene knockout approach to elucidate the role of 5-HT in regulating Na+ and Ca2+ uptake rates in larval zebrafish. Tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) is the rate-limiting step in 5-HT synthesis and we therefore hypothesized that ion uptake rates would be altered in zebrafish larvae carrying knockout mutations in tph genes. We first examined the effect of tph1b knockout (KO) and found that tph1bKO larvae, obtained from Harvard University, had reduced rates of Na+ and Ca2+ uptake compared to wild-type (WT) larvae from our institution (uOttawa WT), lending support to our hypothesis. However, further experiments controlling for differences in genetic background demonstrated that WT larvae from Harvard University (Harvard WT) had lower ion uptake rates than those of uOttawa WT, and that ion uptake rate between Harvard WT and tph1bKO larvae were not significantly different. Therefore, our initial observation that tph1bKO larvae (Harvard source) had reduced ion uptake rates relative to uOttawa WT was a function of genetic background and not of knockout itself. These data provide a cautionary tale of the importance of controlling for genetic background in gene knockout experiments.
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Boulais M, Demoy-Schneider M, Alavi SMH, Cosson J. Spermatozoa motility in bivalves: Signaling, flagellar beating behavior, and energetics. Theriogenology 2019; 136:15-27. [PMID: 31234053 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Though bivalve mollusks are keystone species and major species groups in aquaculture production worldwide, gamete biology is still largely unknown. This review aims to provide a synthesis of current knowledge in the field of sperm biology, including spermatozoa motility, flagellar beating, and energy metabolism; and to illustrate cellular signaling controlling spermatozoa motility initiation in bivalves. Serotonin (5-HT) induces hyper-motility in spermatozoa via a 5-HT receptor, suggesting a serotoninergic system in the male reproductive tract that might regulate sperm physiology. Acidic pH and high concentration of K+ are inhibitory factors of spermatozoa motility in the testis. Motility is initiated at spawning by a Na+-dependent alkalization of intracellular pH mediated by a Na+/H+ exchanger. Increase of 5-HT in the testis and decrease of extracellular K+ when sperm is released in seawater induce hyperpolarization of spermatozoa membrane potential mediated by K+ efflux and associated with an increase in intracellular Ca2+ via opening of voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels under alkaline conditions. These events activate dynein ATPases and Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent proteins resulting in flagellar beating. It may be possible that 5-HT is also involved in intracellular cAMP rise controlling cAMP-dependent protein kinase phosphorylation in the flagellum. Once motility is triggered, flagellum beats in asymmetric wave pattern leading to circular trajectories of spermatozoa. Three different flagellar wave characteristics are reported, including "full", "twitching", and "declining" propagation of wave, which are described and illustrated in the present review. Mitochondrial respiration, ATP content, and metabolic pathways producing ATP in bivalve spermatozoa are discussed. Energy metabolism of Pacific oyster spermatozoa differs from previously studied marine species since oxidative phosphorylation synthetizes a stable level of ATP throughout 24-h motility period and the end of movement is not explained by a low intracellular ATP content, revealing different strategy to improve oocyte fertilization success. Finally, our review highlights physiological mechanisms that require further researches and points out some advantages of bivalve spermatozoa to extend knowledge on mechanisms of motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myrina Boulais
- University of Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, rue Dumont d'Urville, F-29280, Plouzané, France.
| | - Marina Demoy-Schneider
- University of French Polynesia, UMR 241 EIO, BP 6570, 98702, Faa'a Aéroport, Tahiti, French Polynesia
| | | | - Jacky Cosson
- South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Vodňany 389 25, Czech Republic
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17
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Hupalo S, Bryce CA, Bangasser DA, Berridge CW, Valentino RJ, Floresco SB. Corticotropin-Releasing Factor (CRF) circuit modulation of cognition and motivation. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 103:50-59. [PMID: 31212019 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The neuropeptide, corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), is a key modulator of physiological, endocrine, and behavioral responses during stress. Dysfunction of the CRF system has been observed in stress-related affective disorders including post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, and anxiety. Beyond affective symptoms, these disorders are also characterized by impaired cognition, for which current pharmacological treatments are lacking. Thus, there is a need for pro-cognitive treatments to improve quality of life for individuals suffering from mental illness. In this review, we highlight research demonstrating that CRF elicits potent modulatory effects on higher-order cognition via actions within the prefrontal cortex and subcortical monoaminergic and cholinergic systems. Additionally, we identify questions for future preclinical research on this topic, such as the need to investigate sex differences in the cognitive and microcircuit actions of CRF, and whether CRF may represent a pharmacological target to treat cognitive dysfunction. Addressing these questions will provide new insight into pathophysiology underlying cognitive dysfunction and may lead to improved treatments for neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofiya Hupalo
- Integrative Neuroscience Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States.
| | - Courtney A Bryce
- Department of Psychology and Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Debra A Bangasser
- Psychology Department and Neuroscience Program, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, United States
| | - Craig W Berridge
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - Rita J Valentino
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Stan B Floresco
- Department of Psychology and Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Yu W, Yen YC, Lee YH, Tan S, Xiao Y, Lokman H, Ting AKT, Ganegala H, Kwon T, Ho WK, Je HS. Prenatal selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) exposure induces working memory and social recognition deficits by disrupting inhibitory synaptic networks in male mice. Mol Brain 2019; 12:29. [PMID: 30935412 PMCID: PMC6444596 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-019-0452-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are commonly prescribed antidepressant drugs in pregnant women. Infants born following prenatal exposure to SSRIs have a higher risk for behavioral abnormalities, however, the underlying mechanisms remains unknown. Therefore, we examined the effects of prenatal fluoxetine, the most commonly prescribed SSRI, in mice. Intriguingly, chronic in utero fluoxetine treatment impaired working memory and social novelty recognition in adult males. In the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), a key region regulating these behaviors, we found augmented spontaneous inhibitory synaptic transmission onto the layer 5 pyramidal neurons. Fast-spiking interneurons in mPFC exhibited enhanced intrinsic excitability and serotonin-induced excitability due to upregulated serotonin (5-HT) 2A receptor (5-HT2AR) signaling. More importantly, the behavioral deficits in prenatal fluoxetine treated mice were reversed by the application of a 5-HT2AR antagonist. Taken together, our findings suggest that alterations in inhibitory neuronal modulation are responsible for the behavioral alterations following prenatal exposure to SSRIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weonjin Yu
- Molecular Neurophysiology Laboratory, Signature Program in Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders, Duke-National University of Singapore (NUS) Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore.,Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Yi-Chun Yen
- Molecular Neurophysiology Laboratory, Signature Program in Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders, Duke-National University of Singapore (NUS) Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Young-Hwan Lee
- Molecular Neurophysiology Laboratory, Signature Program in Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders, Duke-National University of Singapore (NUS) Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Shawn Tan
- Molecular Neurophysiology Laboratory, Signature Program in Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders, Duke-National University of Singapore (NUS) Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Yixin Xiao
- Molecular Neurophysiology Laboratory, Signature Program in Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders, Duke-National University of Singapore (NUS) Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore.,Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Hidayat Lokman
- Molecular Neurophysiology Laboratory, Signature Program in Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders, Duke-National University of Singapore (NUS) Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Audrey Khoo Tze Ting
- Molecular Neurophysiology Laboratory, Signature Program in Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders, Duke-National University of Singapore (NUS) Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Hasini Ganegala
- Molecular Neurophysiology Laboratory, Signature Program in Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders, Duke-National University of Singapore (NUS) Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Taejoon Kwon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Kyung Ho
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
| | - H Shawn Je
- Molecular Neurophysiology Laboratory, Signature Program in Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders, Duke-National University of Singapore (NUS) Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore. .,Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore.
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Pleil KE, Skelly MJ. CRF modulation of central monoaminergic function: Implications for sex differences in alcohol drinking and anxiety. Alcohol 2018; 72:33-47. [PMID: 30217435 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Decades of research have described the importance of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) signaling in alcohol addiction, as well as in commonly co-expressed neuropsychiatric diseases, including anxiety and mood disorders. However, CRF signaling can also acutely regulate binge alcohol consumption, anxiety, and affect in non-dependent animals, possibly via modulation of central monoaminergic signaling. We hypothesize that basal CRF tone is particularly high in animals and humans with an inherent propensity for high anxiety and alcohol consumption, and thus these individuals are at increased risk for the development of alcohol use disorder and comorbid neuropsychiatric diseases. The current review focuses on extrahypothalamic CRF circuits, particularly those stemming from the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST), found to play a role in basal phenotypes, and examines whether the intrinsic hyperactivity of these circuits is sufficient to escalate the expression of these behaviors and steepen the trajectory of development of disease states. We focus our efforts on describing CRF modulation of biogenic amine neuron populations that have widespread projections to the forebrain to modulate behaviors, including alcohol and drug intake, stress reactivity, and anxiety. Further, we review the known sex differences and estradiol modulation of these neuron populations and CRF signaling at their synapses to address the question of whether females are more susceptible to the development of comorbid addiction and stress-related neuropsychiatric diseases because of hyperactive extrahypothalamic CRF circuits compared to males.
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Kumar RK, Darios ES, Burnett R, Thompson JM, Watts SW. Fenfluramine-induced PVAT-dependent contraction depends on norepinephrine and not serotonin. Pharmacol Res 2018; 140:43-49. [PMID: 30189295 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) modulates vascular tone and altered PVAT function is observed in vascular diseases such as hypertension and atherosclerosis. We discovered that the PVAT surrounding rat thoracic aorta (RA) and the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) contain significant amounts of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT). We hypothesized that the 5-HT contained within the PVAT is functional and vasoactive. Isolated tissue baths were used for isometric contractility studies and high performance liquid chromatography was used to quantitatively measure amines in the PVAT and release studies. The 5-HT releaser fenfluramine (10 nM-100 μM) was tested for its ability to contract arteries with and without PVAT. Contraction was reported as a percentage of the initial contraction to 10 μM phenylephrine. The RA with PVAT contracted to fenfluramine to a greater maximum (98 ± 10%) than RA without PVAT (24 ± 4%), while no difference in contraction of SMA to maximum fenfluramine with (78 ± 2%) and without (75 ± 6%) PVAT was observed. Contradicting our hypothesis, the maximum contraction of RA with PVAT to fenfluramine was diminished by the alpha-1 adrenoreceptor antagonist prazosin (100 nM; vehicle: 71 ± 4%, prazosin: 24 ± 2%) and the norepinephrine transporter (NET) inhibitor nisoxetine (1 μM; vehicle: 71 ± 4%, nisoxetine: 25 ± 4%) but not the 5-HT2A/2C receptor antagonist ketanserin (10 nM) or serotonin specific reuptake inhibitor fluoxetine (10 μM). To test if fenfluramine caused release of 5-HT or NE from PVAT, PVAT from RA was incubated with vehicle or fenfluramine (10 μM-10 mM), and amines released into the incubating buffer were quantified. A pronounced concentration-dependent NE-release (more than 5-HT) was observed. Collectively, this research illustrates the pharmacology of fenfluramine to primarily stimulate NE release (better than 5-HT) in a NET-dependent manner, leading to vasoconstriction. This adds additional support to PVAT as being an important reservoir of amines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramya K Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, MI, USA.
| | - Emma S Darios
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, MI, USA
| | - Robert Burnett
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, MI, USA
| | - Janice M Thompson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, MI, USA
| | - Stephanie W Watts
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, MI, USA
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Ahn KC, Baker GB, Jang WC, Cha HC, Moon MJ, Song MS. Roles of 5-HT on phase transition of neurite outgrowth in the identified serotoninergic neuron C1, Helisoma trivolvis. Invert Neurosci 2018; 18:10. [PMID: 30128715 DOI: 10.1007/s10158-018-0214-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Neurite outgrowth is a morphological marker of neuronal differentiation and neuroregeneration, and the process includes four essential phases, namely initiation, elongation, guidance and cessation. Intrinsic and extrinsic signaling molecules seem to involve morphological changes of neurite outgrowth via various cellular signaling cascades phase transition. Although mechanisms associated with neurite outgrowth have been studied extensively, little is known about how phase transition is regulated during neurite outgrowth. 5-HT has long been studied with regard to its relationship to neurite outgrowth in invertebrate and vertebrate culture systems, and many studies have suggested 5-HT inhibits neurite elongation and growth cone motility, in particular, at the growing parts of neurite such as growth cones and filopodia. However, the underlying mechanisms need to be investigated. In this study, we investigated roles of 5-HT on neurite outgrowth using single serotonergic neurons C1 isolated from Helisoma trivolvis. We observed that 5-HT delayed phase transitions from initiation to elongation of neurite outgrowth. This study for the first time demonstrated that 5-HT has a critical role in phase-controlling mechanisms of neurite outgrowth in neuronal cell cultures.
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Anthenelli RM, Heffner JL, Blom TJ, Daniel BE, McKenna BS, Wand GS. Sex differences in the ACTH and cortisol response to pharmacological probes are stressor-specific and occur regardless of alcohol dependence history. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2018; 94:72-82. [PMID: 29763783 PMCID: PMC6411284 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Women and men differ in their risk for developing stress-related conditions such as alcohol use and anxiety disorders and there are gender differences in the typical sequence in which these disorders co-occur. However, the neural systems underlying these gender-biased psychopathologies and clinical course modifiers in humans are poorly understood and may involve both central and peripheral mechanisms regulating the limbic-hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. In the present randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled, triple-dummy crossover study, we juxtaposed a centrally-acting, citalopram (2 mg/unit BMI) neuroendocrine stimulation test with a peripherally-acting, dexamethasone (Dex) (1.5 mg)/corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) (1 μg/kg) test in euthymic women (N = 38) and men (N = 44) with (54%) and without histories of alcohol dependence to determine whether sex, alcohol dependence or both influenced the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and cortisol responses to the pharmacological challenges and to identify the loci of these effects. We found that central serotonergic mechanisms, along with differences in pituitary and adrenal sensitivity, mediated sexually-diergic ACTH and cortisol responses in a stressor-specific manner regardless of a personal history of alcohol dependence. Specifically, women exhibited a greater response to the Dex/CRF test than they did the citalopram test while men exhibited the opposite pattern of results. Women also had more robust ACTH, cortisol and body temperature responses to Dex/CRF than men, and exhibited a shift in their adrenal glands' sensitivity to ACTH as measured by the cortisol/log (ACTH) ratio during that session in contrast to the other test days. Our findings indicate that central serotonergic and peripheral mechanisms both play roles in mediating sexually dimorphic, stressor-specific endocrine responses in humans regardless of alcohol dependence history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M. Anthenelli
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, Health Sciences, La Jolla, CA, United States,Corresponding author at: Pacific Treatment and Research Center, Department of Psychiatry (0603), University of California, San Diego, Health Sciences, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0603 United States. (R.M. Anthenelli)
| | | | - Thomas J. Blom
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Belinda E. Daniel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, Health Sciences, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Benjamin S. McKenna
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, Health Sciences, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Gary S. Wand
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Abstract
Virtually all brain circuits are physically embedded in a three-dimensional matrix of fibers that release 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, serotonin). The density of this matrix varies across brain regions and cortical laminae, and it is altered in some mental disorders, including Major Depressive Disorder and Autism Spectrum Disorder. We investigate how the regional structure of the serotonergic matrix depends on the stochastic behavior of individual serotonergic fibers and introduce a new framework for the quantitative analysis of this behavior. In particular, we show that a step-wise random walk, based on the von Mises-Fisher probability distribution, can provide a realistic and mathematically concise description of these fibers. We also consider other stochastic models, including the fractional Brownian motion. The proposed approach seeks to advance the current understanding of the ascending reticular activating system (ARAS) and may also support future theory-guided therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Skirmantas Janušonis
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106-9660, USA.
| | - Nils Detering
- Department of Statistics and Applied Probability, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106-3110, USA
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Schoofs A, Hückesfeld S, Pankratz MJ. Serotonergic network in the subesophageal zone modulates the motor pattern for food intake in Drosophila. J Insect Physiol 2018; 106:36-46. [PMID: 28735009 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The functional organization of central motor circuits underlying feeding behaviors is not well understood. We have combined electrophysiological and genetic approaches to investigate the regulatory networks upstream of the motor program underlying food intake in the Drosophila larval central nervous system. We discovered that the serotonergic network of the CNS is able to set the motor rhythm frequency of pharyngeal pumping. Pharmacological experiments verified that modulation of the feeding motor pattern is based on the release of serotonin. Classical lesion and laser based cell ablation indicated that the serotonergic neurons in the subesophageal zone represent a redundant network for motor control of larval food intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Schoofs
- Department of Molecular Brain Physiology, Limes Institute, University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Str. 31, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Hückesfeld
- Department of Molecular Brain Physiology, Limes Institute, University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Str. 31, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael J Pankratz
- Department of Molecular Brain Physiology, Limes Institute, University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Str. 31, 53115 Bonn, Germany
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Jiang X, Xu L, Tang L, Liu F, Chen Z, Zhang J, Chen L, Pang C, Yu X. Role of the indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase/kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism in behavioral alterations in a hepatic encephalopathy rat model. J Neuroinflammation 2018; 15:3. [PMID: 29301550 PMCID: PMC5753541 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-017-1037-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study aims to explore the role of indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO)/kynurenine (KYN) pathway of tryptophan (TRY) metabolism in behavioral alterations observed in hepatic encephalopathy (HE) rats. Methods Expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines were tested by QT-PCR and ELISA, levels of IDOs were tested by QT-PCR and Western blot, and levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), KYN, TRY, 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HK), and kynurenic acid (KA) in different brain regions were estimated using HPLC. Effects of the IDO direct inhibitor 1-methyl-l-tryptophan (1-MT) on cognitive, anxiety, and depressive-like behavior were evaluated in bile duct ligation (BDL) rats. Results Increased serum TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels were shown in rats 7 days after BDL, and these increases were observed earlier than those in the brain, indicating peripheral immune activation may result in central upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines. Moreover, BDL rats showed a progressive decline in memory formation, as well as anxiety and depressive-like behavior. Further study revealed that IDO expression increased after BDL, accompanied by a decrease of 5-HT and an increase of KYN, as well as abnormal expression of 3-HK and KA. The above results affected by BDL surgery were reversed by IDO inhibitor 1-MT treatment. Conclusion Taken together, these findings indicate that (1) behavioral impairment in BDL rats is correlated with proinflammatory cytokines; (2) TRY pathway of KYN metabolism, activated by inflammation, may play an important role in HE development; and (3) 1-MT may serve as a therapeutic agent for HE. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12974-017-1037-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, 315000, China. .,Mingzhou Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 315000, China.
| | - Lexing Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, 315000, China
| | - Lin Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, 315000, China
| | - Fuhe Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, 315000, China
| | - Ziwei Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, 315000, China
| | - Jiajia Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, 315000, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, 315000, China
| | - Cong Pang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 223001, China.
| | - Xuefeng Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, 315000, China.
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26
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Li Wu
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
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27
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Zieger E, Candiani S, Garbarino G, Croce JC, Schubert M. Roles of Retinoic Acid Signaling in Shaping the Neuronal Architecture of the Developing Amphioxus Nervous System. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:5210-29. [PMID: 28875454 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0727-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The morphogen retinoic acid (RA) patterns vertebrate nervous systems and drives neurogenesis, but how these functions evolved remains elusive. Here, we show that RA signaling plays stage- and tissue-specific roles during the formation of neural cell populations with serotonin, dopamine, and GABA neurotransmitter phenotypes in amphioxus, a proxy for the ancestral chordate. Our data suggest that RA signaling restricts the specification of dopamine-containing cells in the ectoderm and of GABA neurons in the neural tube, probably by regulating Hox1 and Hox3 gene expression, respectively. The two Hox genes thus appear to serve distinct functions rather than to participate in a combinatorial Hox code. We were further able to correlate the RA signaling-dependent mispatterning of hindbrain GABA neurons with concomitant motor impairments. Taken together, these data provide new insights into how RA signaling and Hox genes contribute to nervous system as well as to motor control development in amphioxus and hence shed light on the evolution of these functions within vertebrates.
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28
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Hjorth S. Looking back (and in)to the future: A personal reflection on 'Serotonin autoreceptor function and antidepressant drug action' (Hjorth et al., 2000). J Psychopharmacol 2016; 30:1129-1136. [PMID: 27166363 DOI: 10.1177/0269881116647621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Our article in this journal some 15 years ago focussed on the role of serotonin (5-HT) autoreceptors in the mechanism of action of antidepressant drugs. Specifically in this regard, the results were summarised of rat microdialysis studies carried out to examine: (a) the relative importance of 5-HT1A and 5-HT1B autoreceptors, including (b) possible regional variation, and (c) potential changes in autoreceptor responsiveness following chronic selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor administration. In the present reflection piece, I recap some of the key findings against a brief background and provide an account of their bearing within the context of subsequent endeavours in the antidepressant drug research and development field. I conclude by shortly commenting on selected topics relevant to novel, interesting advances and avenues for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Hjorth
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
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29
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Dhingra RR, Dutschmann M, Dick TE. Blockade of dorsolateral pontine 5HT1A receptors destabilizes the respiratory rhythm in C57BL6/J wild-type mice. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2016; 226:110-4. [PMID: 26840837 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2016.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The neurotransmitter serotonin (5HT) acting via 5HT1a receptors (5HT1aR) is a potent determinant of respiratory rhythm variability. Here, we address the 5HT1aR-dependent control of respiratory rhythm variability in C57BL6/J mice. Using the in situ perfused preparation, we compared the effects of systemic versus focal blockade of 5HT1aRs. Blocking 5HT1aRs in the Kölliker-Fuse nucleus (KFn) increased the occurrence of spontaneous apneas and accounted for the systemic effects of 5HT1aR antagonists. Further, 5HT1aRs of the KFn stabilized the respiratory rhythm's response to arterial chemoreflex perturbations; reducing the recovering time, e.g., the latency to return to the baseline pattern. Together, these results suggest that the KFn regulates both intrinsic and sensory determinants of respiratory rhythm variability.
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Hirst NL, Lawton SP, Walker AJ. Protein kinase A signalling in Schistosoma mansoni cercariae and schistosomules. Int J Parasitol 2016; 46:425-37. [PMID: 26777870 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic AMP (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase/protein kinase A regulates multiple processes in eukaryotes by phosphorylating diverse cellular substrates, including metabolic and signalling enzymes, ion channels and transcription factors. Here we provide insight into protein kinase A signalling in cercariae and 24h in vitro cultured somules of the blood parasite, Schistosoma mansoni, which causes human intestinal schistosomiasis. Functional mapping of activated protein kinase A using anti-phospho protein kinase A antibodies and confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed activated protein kinase A in the central and peripheral nervous system, oral-tip sensory papillae, oesophagus and excretory system of intact cercariae. Cultured 24h somules, which biologically represent the skin-resident stage of the parasite, exhibited similar activation patterns in oesophageal and nerve tissues but also displayed striking activation at the tegument and activation in a region resembling the germinal 'stem' cell cluster. The adenylyl cyclase activator, forskolin, stimulated somule protein kinase A activation and produced a hyperkinesia phenotype. The biogenic amines, serotonin and dopamine known to be present in skin also induced protein kinase A activation in somules, whereas neuropeptide Y or [Leu(31),Pro(34)]-neuropeptide Y attenuated protein kinase A activation. However, neuropeptide Y did not block the forskolin-induced somule hyperkinesia. Bioinformatic investigation of potential protein associations revealed 193 medium confidence and 59 high confidence protein kinase A interacting partners in S. mansoni, many of which possess putative protein kinase A phosphorylation sites. These data provide valuable insight into the intricacies of protein kinase A signalling in S. mansoni and a framework for further physiological investigations into the roles of protein kinase A in schistosomes, particularly in the context of interactions between the parasite and the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha L Hirst
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Kingston University, Kingston upon Thames, Surrey KT1 2EE, UK
| | - Scott P Lawton
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Kingston University, Kingston upon Thames, Surrey KT1 2EE, UK
| | - Anthony J Walker
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Kingston University, Kingston upon Thames, Surrey KT1 2EE, UK.
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Abstract
UNLABELLED In the early 1980's, the dispute on the existence of a multiplicity of receptors for neurotransmitter was at its height. Several subtypes of serotonin (5-HT) receptors were proposed on the basis of radioligand binding assays. In order to provide further support to the existence of these receptors we performed quantitative autoradiographic mapping of the binding of several ligands for the 5-HT1 receptor labeling the subtypes 5-HT1A, 5-HT1B and 5-HT1C, and characterized pharmacologically these different receptors. The results demonstrated differential localization of the subtypes of 5-HT1 receptors indicating that they were expressed by different cell populations, probably neurons, in the brain and further supporting their reality. Shortly afterwards, the cloning of the genes coding for these 5-HT receptors, and many others, ended the dispute by demonstrating that they were different proteins. The advent of Molecular Biology provided new methodologies for the study of the chemical and molecular anatomy of 5-HT receptors in brain, by visualizing cells expressing their mRNA by in situ hybridization and showed that the family of mammalian 5-HT receptors has 14 members, a figure much larger than ever suspected at that time. ORIGINAL ARTICLE ABSTRACT QUANTITATIVE AUTORADIOGRAPHIC MAPPING OF SEROTONIN RECEPTORS IN THE RAT BRAIN. I. SEROTONIN-1 RECEPTORS: The distribution of serotonin-1 (5-HT1) receptors in the rat brain was studied by light microscopic quantitative autoradiography. Receptors were labeled with [(3)H]serotonin (5-[(3)H]HT), 8-hydroxy-2-[H-dipropylamino-(3)H]tetralin (8-OH-[(3)H]DPAT), [(3)H]LSD and [(3)H]mesulergine, and the densities quantified by microdensitometry with the aid of a computer-assisted image-analysis system. Competition experiments for 5-[(3)H]HT binding by several serotonin-1 agonizts led to the identification of brain areas enriched in each one of the three subtypes of 5-HT1 recognition sites already described (5-HT1A, 5-HT1B, 5-HT1C). The existence of these׳selective׳ areas allowed a detailed pharmacological characterization of these sites to be made in a more precise manner than has been attained in membrane-binding studies. While 5-[(3)H]HT labeled with nanomolar affinity all the 5-HT1 subtypes, the other (3)H-labeled ligands labeled selectively 5-HT1A (8-OH-[(3)H]DPAT), 5-HT1C ([(3)H]mesulergine) and both of them ([(3)H]LSD). Very high concentrations of 5-HT1 receptors were localized in the choroid plexus, lateroseptal nucleus, globus pallidus and ventral pallidum, dentate gyrus, dorsal subiculum, olivary pretectal nucleus, substantia nigra, reticular and external layer of the entorhinal cortex. The different fields of the hippocampus (CA1-CA4), some nuclei of the amygdaloid complex, the hypothalamic nuclei and the dorsal raphé, among others, also presented high concentrations of sites. Areas containing intermediate densities of 5-HT1 receptors included the claustrum, olfactory tubercle, accumbens, central gray and lateral cerebellar nucleus. The nucleus caudate-putamen and the cortex, at the different levels studied, presented receptor densities ranging from intermediate to low. Finally, in other brain areas-pons, medulla, and spinal cord-only low or very low concentrations of 5-HT1 receptors were found. From the areas strongly enriched in 5-HT1 sites, dentate gyrus and septal nucleus contained 5-HT1A sites, while globus pallidus, dorsal subiculum, substantia nigra and olivary pretectal nucleus were enriched in 5-HT1B. The sites in the choroid plexus, which presented the highest density of receptors in the rat brain, were of the 5-HT1C subtype. The distribution of 5-HT1 receptors reported here is discussed in correlation with the distribution of serotoninergic neurons and fibers, the related anatomical pathways and the effects which appear to be mediated by these sites. © 1985.This article is part of a Special Issue entitled SI:50th Anniversary Issue. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled SI:50th Anniversary Issue.
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32
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Selvaraj S, Mouchlianitis E, Faulkner P, Turkheimer F, Cowen PJ, Roiser JP, Howes O. Presynaptic Serotoninergic Regulation of Emotional Processing: A Multimodal Brain Imaging Study. Biol Psychiatry 2015; 78:563-571. [PMID: 24882568 PMCID: PMC5322825 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2013] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The amygdala is a central node in the brain network that processes aversive emotions and is extensively innervated by dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine [5-HT]) neurons. Alterations in DRN 5-HT1A receptor availability cause phenotypes characterized by fearful behavior in preclinical models. However, it is unknown whether 5-HT1A receptor availability is linked specifically to the processing of aversive emotions in humans or whether it modulates connectivity in brain networks involved in emotion processing. To answer this question, we investigated the relationship between DRN 5-HT1A receptor availability and amygdala reactivity to aversive emotion and functional connectivity within the amygdala-cortical network. METHODS We studied 15 healthy human participants who underwent positron emission tomography scanning with [(11)C]CUMI-101, a 5-HT1A partial agonist radioligand, and functional magnetic resonance imaging of brain responses during an incidental emotion processing task including happy, fearful, and neutral faces. Regional estimates of 5-HT1A receptor binding potential (nondisplaceable) were obtained by calculating total volumes of distribution for presynaptic DRN and amygdala. Connectivity between the amygdala and corticolimbic areas was assessed using psychophysiologic interaction analysis with the amygdala as the seed region. RESULTS Analysis of the fear versus neutral contrast revealed a significant negative correlation between amygdala response and DRN binding potential (nondisplaceable) (r = -.87, p < .001). Availability of DRN 5-HT1A receptors positively correlated with amygdala connectivity with middle frontal gyrus, anterior cingulate cortex, bilateral precuneus, and left supramarginal gyrus for fearful (relative to neutral) faces. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that DRN 5-HT1A receptor availability is linked specifically to the processing of aversive emotions in the amygdala and the modulation of amygdala-cortical connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhakar Selvaraj
- Medical Research Council Clinical Sciences Centre, Hammersmith Hospital, London, W12 0NN, UK,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Elias Mouchlianitis
- Medical Research Council Clinical Sciences Centre, Hammersmith Hospital, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Paul Faulkner
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, WC1N 3AR, UK
| | | | | | - Jonathan P Roiser
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, WC1N 3AR, UK
| | - Oliver Howes
- Medical Research Council Clinical Sciences Centre, Hammersmith Hospital, London, W12 0NN, UK,Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, SE5 8AF, UK
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Khornchatri K, Kornthong N, Saetan J, Tinikul Y, Chotwiwatthanakun C, Cummins SF, Hanna PJ, Sobhon P. Distribution of serotonin and dopamine in the central nervous system of the female mud crab, Scylla olivacea (Herbst). Acta Histochem 2015; 117:196-204. [PMID: 25618422 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2014.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In crustaceans serotonin (5-HT) and dopamine (DA) are neurotransmitters that play roles in the modulation of numerous physiological functions, including reproduction. However, in the mud crab, Scylla olivacea, the distributions of 5-HT and DA in the CNS have not yet been investigated. The aim of our study was to map the distributions of these two neurotransmitters in the central nervous system (CNS) of the female of this crab during the late stage of ovarian development. We found 5-HT immunoreactivity (-ir) and DA-ir in many parts of the CNS, including the eyestalk, brain, and thoracic ganglia. In the eyestalk, 5-HT-ir was localized in the medulla terminalis (MT), hemi-ellipsoid body (HB), and protocerebral tract (PT), whereas DA-ir was present in neuronal cluster 1, the LG neuropils, and PT. In the brain, 5-HT-ir and DA-ir were detected in cells and fibers of neuronal clusters 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 14, and 15. In the ventral nerve cord, 5-HT-ir was present in neurons of the abdominal ganglia, whereas DA was only present in fibers. These spatial distributions of 5-HT and DA suggest that they may be involved in the neuromodulation of important physiological functions, including ovarian maturation, as shown in other non-crab decapods.
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Van den Hove DLA, Leibold NK, Strackx E, Martinez-Claros M, Lesch KP, Steinbusch HWM, Schruers KRJ, Prickaerts J. Prenatal stress and subsequent exposure to chronic mild stress in rats; interdependent effects on emotional behavior and the serotonergic system. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2014; 24:595-607. [PMID: 24139910 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2013.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Revised: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to prenatal stress (PS) can predispose individuals to the development of psychopathology later in life. We examined the effects of unpredictable chronic mild stress (CMS) exposure during adolescence on a background of PS in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats. PS induced more anxiety-like behavior in the elevated zero maze in both sexes, an effect that was normalized by subsequent exposure to CMS. Moreover, PS was associated with increased depression-like behavior in the forced swim test in males only. Conversely, sucrose intake was increased in PS males, whilst being decreased in females when consecutively exposed to PS and CMS. Hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis reactivity was affected in males only, with higher stress-induced plasma corticosterone levels after PS. Markedly, CMS normalized the effects of PS on elevated zero maze behavior as well as basal and stress-induced plasma corticosterone secretion. At the neurochemical level, both PS and CMS induced various sex-specific alterations in serotonin (5-HT) and tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (TPH2) immunoreactivity in the dorsal raphe nucleus, hippocampus and prefrontal cortex with, in line with the behavioral observations, more profound effects in male offspring. In conclusion, these findings show that prenatal maternal stress in Sprague-Dawley rats induces various anxiety- and depression-related behavioral and neuroendocrine changes, as well as alterations in central 5-HT and TPH2 function, predominantly in male offspring. Moreover, CMS exposure partially normalized the effects of previous PS experience, suggesting that the outcome of developmental stress exposure largely depends on the environmental conditions later in life and vice versa.
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Affiliation(s)
- D L A Van den Hove
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands. European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON); Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Laboratory of Translational Neuroscience, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - N K Leibold
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands. European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON)
| | - E Strackx
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands. European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON)
| | - M Martinez-Claros
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands. European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON)
| | - K P Lesch
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands. European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON); Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Laboratory of Translational Neuroscience, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - H W M Steinbusch
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands. European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON)
| | - K R J Schruers
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands. European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON)
| | - J Prickaerts
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands. European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON)
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Li X, Ma Y, Wu X, Hao Z, Yin J, Shen J, Li X, Zhang P, Wang H. Serotonin acts as a novel regulator of interleukin-6 secretion in osteocytes through the activation of the 5-HT(2B) receptor and the ERK1/2 signalling pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 441:809-14. [PMID: 24211588 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.10.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a potent stimulator of osteoclastic bone resorption. Osteocyte secretion of IL-6 plays an important role in bone metabolism. Serotonin (5-HT) has recently been reported to regulate bone metabolism. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of serotonin on osteocyte expression of IL-6. The requirement for the 5-HT receptor(s) and the role of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) in serotonin-induced IL-6 synthesis were examined. In this study, real-time PCR and ELISA were used to analyse IL-6 gene and protein expression in serotonin-stimulated MLO-Y4 cells. ERK1/2 pathway activation was determined by Western blot. We found that serotonin significantly activated the ERK1/2 pathway and induced IL-6 mRNA expression and protein synthesis in cultured MLO-Y4 cells. However, these effects were abolished by pre-treatment of MLO-Y4 cells with a 5-HT2B receptor antagonist, RS127445 or the ERK1/2 inhibitor, PD98059. Our results indicate that serotonin stimulates osteocyte secretion of IL-6 and that this effect is associated with activation of 5-HT2B receptor and the ERK1/2 pathway. These findings provide support for a role of serotonin in bone metabolism by indicating serotonin regulates bone remodelling by mediating an inflammatory cytokine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianxian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China; West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
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Abstract
Recent advances in brain science have shown that the brain function encoding emotion depends on interoceptive signals such as visceral pain. Visceral pain arose early in our evolutionary history. Bottom-up processing from gut-to-brain and top-down autonomic/neuroendocrine mechanisms in brain-to-gut signaling constitute a circuit. Brain imaging techniques have enabled us to depict the visceral pain pathway as well as the related emotional circuit. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is characterized by chronic recurrent abdominal pain or abdominal discomfort associated with bowel dysfunction. It is also thought to be a disorder of the brain-gut link associated with an exaggerated response to stress. Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), a major mediator of the stress response in the brain-gut axis, is an obvious candidate in the pathophysiology of IBS. Indeed, administration of CRH has been shown to aggravate the visceral sensorimotor response in IBS patients, and the administration of peptidergic CRH antagonists seems to alleviate IBS pathophysiology. Serotonin (5-HT) is another likely candidate associated with brain-gut function in IBS, as 5-HT3 antagonists, 5-HT4 agonists, and antidepressants were demonstrated to regulate 5-HT neurotransmission in IBS patients. Autonomic nervous system function, the neuroimmune axis, and the brain-gut-microbiota axis show specific profiles in IBS patients. Further studies on stress and visceral pain neuropathways in IBS patients are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Fukudo
- Department of Behavioral Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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Sliwowska JH, Song HJ, Bodnar T, Weinberg J. Prenatal alcohol exposure results in long-term serotonin neuron deficits in female rats: modulatory role of ovarian steroids. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2013; 38:152-60. [PMID: 23915273 DOI: 10.1111/acer.12224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies on male rodents found that prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) decreases the number of serotonin immunoreactive (5-HT-ir) neurons in the brainstem. However, data on the effects of PAE in females are lacking. In light of known sex differences in responsiveness of the 5-HT system and known effects of estrogen (E2 ) and progesterone (P4 ) in the brain, we hypothesized that sex steroids will modulate the adverse effects of PAE on 5-HT neurons in adult females. METHODS Adult females from 3 prenatal groups (Prenatal alcohol-exposed [PAE], Pair-fed [PF], and ad libitum-fed Controls [C]) were ovariectomized (OVX), with or without hormone replacement, or underwent Sham OVX. 5-HT-ir cells were examined in key brainstem areas. RESULTS Our data support the hypothesis that PAE has long-term effects on the 5-HT system of females and that ovarian steroids have a modulatory role in these effects. Intact (Sham OVX) PAE females had marginally lower numbers of 5-HT-ir neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus of the brainstem compared with PF and C females. This marginal difference became significant following removal of hormones by OVX. Replacement with E2 restored the number of 5-HT-ir neurons in PAE females to control levels, while P4 reversed the effects of E2 . Importantly, despite these differential responses of the 5-HT system to ovarian steroids, there were no differences in E2 and P4 levels among prenatal treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate long-term, adverse effects of PAE on the 5-HT system of females, as well as differential sensitivity of PAE compared with control females to the modulatory effects of ovarian steroids on 5-HT neurons. Our findings have important implications for understanding sex differences in 5-HT dysfunction in depression/anxiety disorders and the higher rates of these mental health problems in individuals with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna H Sliwowska
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Laboratory of Neurobiology , Institute of Zoology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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