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Shraim AS, Hunaiti A, Awidi A, Alshaer W, Ababneh NA, Abu-Irmaileh B, Odeh F, Ismail S. Developing and Characterization of Chemically Modified RNA Aptamers for Targeting Wild Type and Mutated c-KIT Receptor Tyrosine Kinases. J Med Chem 2019; 63:2209-2228. [PMID: 31369705 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The c-KIT receptor represents an attractive target for cancer therapy. Aptamers are emerging as a new promising class of nucleic acid therapeutics. In this study, a conventional SELEX approach was applied against the kinase domain of a group of c-KIT proteins (c-KITWT, c-KITD816V, and c-KITD816H) to select aptamers from a random RNA pool that can bind to the kinase domain of each target with high affinity and can selectively interfere with their kinase activities. Interestingly, our data indicated that one candidate aptamer, called V15, can specifically inhibit the in vitro kinase activity of mutant c-KITD816V with an IC50 value that is 9-fold more potent than the sunitinib drug tested under the same conditions. Another aptamer, named as H5/V36, showed the potential to distinguish between the c-KIT kinases by modulating the phosphorylation activity of each in a distinct mechanism of action and in a different potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ala'a S Shraim
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, The University of Jordan, Amman JO 11942, Jordan.,Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman JO 19328, Jordan
| | - Abdelrahim Hunaiti
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, School of Science, The University of Jordan, Amman JO 11942, Jordan
| | - Abdalla Awidi
- Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, Amman JO 11942, Jordan
| | - Walhan Alshaer
- Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, Amman JO 11942, Jordan
| | - Nidaa A Ababneh
- Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, Amman JO 11942, Jordan
| | - Bashaer Abu-Irmaileh
- Hamdi Mango Center for Scientific Research, The University of Jordan, Amman JO 11942, Jordan
| | - Fadwa Odeh
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Jordan, Amman JO 11942, Jordan
| | - Said Ismail
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman JO 11942, Jordan.,Qatar Genome Project, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
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Sredni ST, Bailey AW, Suri A, Hashizume R, He X, Louis N, Gokirmak T, Piper DR, Watterson DM, Tomita T. Inhibition of polo-like kinase 4 (PLK4): a new therapeutic option for rhabdoid tumors and pediatric medulloblastoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:111190-111212. [PMID: 29340047 PMCID: PMC5762315 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhabdoid tumors (RT) are highly aggressive and vastly unresponsive embryonal tumors. They are the most common malignant CNS tumors in infants below 6 months of age. Medulloblastomas (MB) are embryonal tumors that arise in the cerebellum and are the most frequent pediatric malignant brain tumors. Despite the advances in recent years, especially for the most favorable molecular subtypes of MB, the prognosis of patients with embryonal tumors remains modest with treatment related toxicity dreadfully high. Therefore, new targeted therapies are needed. The polo-like kinase 4 (PLK4) is a critical regulator of centriole duplication and consequently, mitotic progression. We previously established that PLK4 is overexpressed in RT and MB. We also demonstrated that inhibiting PLK4 with a small molecule inhibitor resulted in impairment of proliferation, survival, migration and invasion of RT cells. Here, we showed in MB the same effects that we previously described for RT. We also demonstrated that PLK4 inhibition induced apoptosis, senescence and polyploidy in RT and MB cells, thereby increasing the susceptibility of cancer cells to DNA-damaging agents. In order to test the hypothesis that PLK4 is a CNS druggable target, we demonstrated efficacy with oral administration to an orthotropic xenograft model. Based on these results, we postulate that targeting PLK4 with small-molecule inhibitors could be a novel strategy for the treatment of RT and MB and that PLK4 inhibitors (PLK4i) might be promising agents to be used solo or in combination with cytotoxic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Treiger Sredni
- Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Stanley Manne Children’s Research Institute, Cancer Biology and Epigenomics, Chicago, IL 60614, USA
| | - Anders W. Bailey
- Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Stanley Manne Children’s Research Institute, Cancer Biology and Epigenomics, Chicago, IL 60614, USA
| | - Amreena Suri
- Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Stanley Manne Children’s Research Institute, Cancer Biology and Epigenomics, Chicago, IL 60614, USA
| | - Rintaro Hashizume
- Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Neurological Surgery, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Xingyao He
- Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Neurological Surgery, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Nundia Louis
- Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Neurological Surgery, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Tufan Gokirmak
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Research and Development, Biosciences Division, Carlsbad, CA 92008, USA
| | - David R. Piper
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Research and Development, Biosciences Division, Carlsbad, CA 92008, USA
| | - Daniel M. Watterson
- Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Tadanori Tomita
- Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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Robers MB, Loh C, Carlson CB, Yang H, Frey EA, Hermanson SB, Bi K. Measurement of the cellular deacetylase activity of SIRT1 on p53 via LanthaScreen® technology. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2010; 7:59-66. [PMID: 20931131 DOI: 10.1039/c0mb00026d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Upon genomic insult, the tumor suppressor p53 is phosphorylated and acetylated at specific serine and lysine residues, increasing its stability and transactivation function. Deacetylases, including the type III histone deacetylase SIRT1, remove acetyl groups from p53 and counterbalance acetyltransferase activity during a DNA damage response. This report describes a series of high-throughput LanthaScreen® time-resolved Förster resonance energy transfer (TR-FRET) immunoassays for detection of intracellular p53 phosphorylation of Ser15 and acetylation of Lys382 upon treatment with DNA damage agents, such as etoposide. These assays were used to measure the deacetylase activity of SIRT1 and/or Type I/II Histone deacetylases (HDACs). First, BacMam-mediated overexpression of SIRT1 resulted in dose-dependent deacetylation of GFP-p53 following etoposide treatment of U-2 OS cells, confirming that GFP-p53 serves as a SIRT1 substrate in this assay format. Further, overexpression of the acetyltransferase p300 via BacMam increased the acetylation of GFP-p53 at Lys382. Next, siRNA-mediated knockdown of SIRT1 resulted in increased GFP-p53 acetylation, indicating that endogenous SIRT1 activity can also be measured in U-2 OS cells. Consistent with these results, GFP-p53 acetylation was also increased upon treatment of cells with a small-molecule inhibitor of SIRT1, EX-527. The effect of this compound was dramatically increased when used in combination with chemotherapeutic drug and/or the HDAC inhibitor Trichostatin A, confirming a proposed synergistic mechanism of p53 deacetylation by SIRT1 and Type I/II HDACs. Taken together, the cellular assays described here can be used as high-throughput alternatives to traditional immunoassays such as western blotting for identifying pharmacological modulators of specific p53-modifying enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew B Robers
- Discovery Assays and Services, Life Technologies Corporation, Madison, WI 53719, USA
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Hancock MK, Lebakken CS, Wang J, Bi K. Multi-pathway cellular analysis of compound selectivity. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2010; 6:1834-43. [DOI: 10.1039/c003669b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Manley PW, Drueckes P, Fendrich G, Furet P, Liebetanz J, Martiny-Baron G, Mestan J, Trappe J, Wartmann M, Fabbro D. Extended kinase profile and properties of the protein kinase inhibitor nilotinib. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2009; 1804:445-53. [PMID: 19922818 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2009.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2009] [Revised: 10/30/2009] [Accepted: 11/10/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
As a drug used to treat imatinib-resistant and -intolerant, chronic and advanced phase chronic myelogenous leukaemia, nilotinib is well characterised as a potent inhibitor of the Abl tyrosine kinase activity of wild-type and imatinib-resistant mutant forms of BCR-Abl. Here we review the profile of nilotinib as a protein kinase inhibitor. Although an ATP-competitive inhibitor of Abl, nilotinib binds to a catalytically inactive conformation (DFG-out) of the activation loop. As a consequence of this, nilotinib exhibits time-dependent inhibition of Abl kinase in enzymatic assays, which can be extrapolated to other targets to explain differences between biochemical activity and cellular assays. Although these differences confound assessment of kinase selectivity, as assessed using a combination of protein binding and transphosphorylation assays, together with cellular autophosporylation and proliferation assays, well established kinase targets of nilotinib in rank order of inhibitory potency are DDR-1>DDR-2>BCR-Abl (Abl)>PDGFRalpha/beta>KIT>CSF-1R. In addition nilotinib has now been found to bind to both MAPK11 (p38beta) and MAPK12 (p38alpha), as well as with very high affinity to ZAK kinase. Although neither enzymatic nor cellular data are yet available to substantiate the drug as an inhibitor of ZAK phosphorylation, modeling predicts that it binds in an ATP-competitive fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul W Manley
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland.
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Paslay JW, Morin JE, Harrison RK. High Throughput Screening in the Twenty-First Century. TOPICS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/7355_2009_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Robers MB, Machleidt T, Carlson CB, Bi K. Cellular LanthaScreen and beta-lactamase reporter assays for high-throughput screening of JAK2 inhibitors. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2008; 6:519-29. [PMID: 18694336 DOI: 10.1089/adt.2008.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Janus kinase (JAK) 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 5 pathway is responsible for regulation of cellular responses to a number of cytokines and growth factors. In hematopoietic cells, growth factors such as granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor, interleukin-3, and erythropoietin induce the activation of JAK2, which leads to the phosphorylation, dimerization, and transactivation of STAT5 proteins. Dysregulation of JAK2 by activating mutations such as JAK2V617F results in constitutive phosphorylation of STAT5 and has been linked to numerous myeloproliferative disorders such as polycythemia vera. A cellular LanthaScreen (Invitrogen Corp., Carlsbad, CA) time-resolved Förster resonance energy transfer assay for wild-type JAK2 activity was developed. This assay utilized the growth factor-dependent human erythroleukemia TF1 cell line engineered to express a green fluorescent protein-STAT5 fusion protein. Furthermore, a complementary beta-lactamase reporter gene assay was developed to analyze the transcriptional activity of STAT5 downstream of JAK2 in TF1 cells. The same technologies were applied to the development of cellular assays for the interrogation of the disease-relevant JAK2V617F activating mutant. A small molecule inhibitor and Stealth (Invitrogen Corp.) RNA interference oligonucleotides were used to confirm the involvement of JAK2. Our results suggest that these cellular assays and validation tools represent powerful integrated methods for the analysis of physiological and disease-relevant JAK/STAT pathways within the physiological cellular context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew B Robers
- Invitrogen Corporation, 501 Charmany Drive, Madison, WI 53719, USA
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