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Si Y, Hayat MA, Hu J. NSPCs-ES: mechanisms and functional impact on central nervous system diseases. Biomed Mater 2024; 19:042011. [PMID: 38916246 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ad5819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Patients with central neuronal damage may suffer severe consequences, but effective therapies remain unclear. Previous research has established the transplantation of neural stem cells that generate new neurons to replace damaged ones. In a new field of scientific research, the extracellular secretion of NPSCs (NSPCs-ES) has been identified as an alternative to current chemical drugs. Many preclinical studies have shown that NSPCs-ES are effective in models of various central nervous system diseases (CNS) injuries, from maintaining functional structures at the cellular level to providing anti-inflammatory functions at the molecular level, as well as improving memory and motor functions, reducing apoptosis in neurons, and mediating multiple signaling pathways. The NSPC-ES can travel to the damaged tissue and exert a broad range of therapeutic effects by supporting and nourishing damaged neurons. However, gene editing and cell engineering techniques have recently improved therapeutic efficacy by modifying NSPCs-ES. Consequently, future research and application of NSPCs-ES may provide a novel strategy for the treatment of CNS diseases in the future. In this review, we summarize the current progress on these aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Si
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212002, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Abid Hayat
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212002, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiabo Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212002, People's Republic of China
- Zhenjiang Blood Center, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, People's Republic of China
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Zhou Y, Li H, Liu X, Chi X, Gu Z, Cui B, Bergquist J, Wang B, Tian G, Yang C, Xu F, Mi J. The Combination of Quantitative Proteomics and Systems Genetics Analysis Reveals that PTN Is Associated with Sleep-Loss-Induced Cognitive Impairment. J Proteome Res 2023; 22:2936-2949. [PMID: 37611228 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Sleep loss is associated with cognitive dysfunction. However, the detailed mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we established a para-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA)-induced insomniac mouse model with impaired cognitive function. Mass-spectrometry-based proteomics showed that the expression of 164 proteins was significantly altered in the hippocampus of the PCPA mice. To identify critical regulators among the potential markers, a transcriptome-wide association screening was performed in the BXD mice panel. Among the candidates, the expression of pleiotrophin (Ptn) was significantly associated with cognitive functions, indicating that Ptn-mediates sleep-loss-induced cognitive impairment. Gene co-expression analysis further revealed the potential mechanism by which Ptn mediates insomnia-induced cognitive impairment via the MAPK signaling pathway; that is, the decreased secretion of Ptn induced by insomnia leads to reduced binding to Ptprz1 on the postsynaptic membrane with the activation of the MAPK pathway via Fos and Nr4a1, further leading to the apoptosis of neurons. In addition, Ptn is genetically trans-regulated in the mouse hippocampus and implicated in neurodegenerative diseases in human genome-wide association studies. Our study provides a novel biomarker for insomnia-induced cognitive impairment and a new strategy for seeking neurological biomarkers by the integration of proteomics and systems genetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Zhou
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China
| | - Hui Li
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China
| | - Xiaoya Liu
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China
| | - Xiaodong Chi
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China
| | - Zhaoxi Gu
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China
| | - Binsen Cui
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China
| | - Jonas Bergquist
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China
- Department of Chemistry-BMC, Analytical Chemistry and Neurochemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75124, Sweden
| | - Binsheng Wang
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China
| | - Geng Tian
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China
| | - Chunhua Yang
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China
| | - Fuyi Xu
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China
| | - Jia Mi
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China
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Geranmayeh MH, Rahbarghazi R, Saeedi N, Farhoudi M. Metformin-dependent variation of microglia phenotype dictates pericytes maturation under oxygen-glucose deprivation. Tissue Barriers 2022; 10:2018928. [PMID: 34983297 PMCID: PMC9620990 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2021.2018928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood-brain barrier resident cells are in the frontline of vascular diseases. To maintain brain tissue homeostasis, a series of cells are integrated regularly to form the neurovascular unit. It is thought that microglia can switch between M1/M2 phenotypes after the initiation of different pathologies. The existence of transition between maturity and stemness features in pericytes could maintain blood-brain barrier functionality against different pathologies. In the current study, the effect of metformin on the balance of the M1/M2 microglial phenotype under oxygen-glucose deprivation conditions and the impact of microglial phenotype changes on pericyte maturation have been explored. Both microglia and pericytes were isolated from the rat brain. Data showed that microglia treatment with metformin under glucose- and oxygen-free conditions suppressed microglia shifting into the M2 phenotype (CD206+ cells) compared to the control (p < .01) and metformin-treated groups (p < .05). Incubation of pericytes with microglia-conditioned media pretreated with metformin under glucose- and oxygen-free conditions or normal conditions increased pericyte maturity. These changes coincided with the reduction of the Sox2/NG2 ratio compared to the control pericytes (p < .05). Data revealed the close microglial-pericytic interplay under the ischemic and hypoxic conditions and the importance of microglial phenotype acquisition on pericyte maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hossein Geranmayeh
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology (RCPN), Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran,Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran,CONTACT Mohammad Hossein Geranmayeh ; Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology (RCPN), Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Daneshgah St., Tabriz5166614756, Iran
| | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran,Stem Cells Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nazli Saeedi
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology (RCPN), Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Farhoudi
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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NPC transplantation rescues sci-driven cAMP/EPAC2 alterations, leading to neuroprotection and microglial modulation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:455. [PMID: 35904607 PMCID: PMC9338125 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04494-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Neural progenitor cell (NPC) transplantation represents a promising treatment strategy for spinal cord injury (SCI); however, the underlying therapeutic mechanisms remain incompletely understood. We demonstrate that severe spinal contusion in adult rats causes transcriptional dysregulation, which persists from early subacute to chronic stages of SCI and affects nearly 20,000 genes in total tissue extracts. Functional analysis of this dysregulated transcriptome reveals the significant downregulation of cAMP signalling components immediately after SCI, involving genes such as EPAC2 (exchange protein directly activated by cAMP), PKA, BDNF, and CAMKK2. The ectopic transplantation of spinal cord-derived NPCs at acute or subacute stages of SCI induces a significant transcriptional impact in spinal tissue, as evidenced by the normalized expression of a large proportion of SCI-affected genes. The transcriptional modulation pattern driven by NPC transplantation includes the rescued expression of cAMP signalling genes, including EPAC2. We also explore how the sustained in vivo inhibition of EPAC2 downstream signalling via the intrathecal administration of ESI-05 for 1 week impacts therapeutic mechanisms involved in the NPC-mediated treatment of SCI. NPC transplantation in SCI rats in the presence and absence of ESI-05 administration prompts increased rostral cAMP levels; however, NPC and ESI-05 treated animals exhibit a significant reduction in EPAC2 mRNA levels compared to animals receiving only NPCs treatment. Compared with transplanted animals, NPCs + ESI-05 treatment increases the scar area (as shown by GFAP staining), polarizes microglia into an inflammatory phenotype, and increases the magnitude of the gap between NeuN + cells across the lesion. Overall, our results indicate that the NPC-associated therapeutic mechanisms in the context of SCI involve the cAMP pathway, which reduces inflammation and provides a more neuropermissive environment through an EPAC2-dependent mechanism.
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Chen Y, Lu X, Gao L, Dean DC, Liu Y. Spheroid-induced heterogeneity and plasticity of uveal melanoma cells. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2022; 45:309-321. [PMID: 35404029 PMCID: PMC9050762 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-022-00671-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The mechanism underlying cancer heterogeneity and plasticity remains elusive, in spite of the fact that multiple hypotheses have been put forward. We intended to clarify this heterogeneity in uveal melanoma (UM) by looking for evidence of cancer stem cell involvement and a potential role of ZEB1 in cancer cell plasticity. METHODS Spheroids derived from human UM cells as well as xenograft tumors in nude mice were dissected for signs of heterogeneity and plasticity. Two human UM cell lines were studied: the epithelioid type C918 cell line and the spindle type OCM1 cell line. We knocked down ZEB1 in both cell lines to investigate its involvement in the regulation of stem-like cell formation and vascularization by qRT-PCR, immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays. RESULTS We found that a small side population (SP) in OCM1 showed stem cell-like properties such as heterogeneity, remote dissemination and nuclear dye exclusion after spheroid formation in vitro. ZEB1 regulated UM stem cell generation indirectly by promoting cell proliferation to form large size tumors in vivo and spheroid in vitro, and directly by binding to stemness genes such as TERT and ABCB1. In addition, we found that ZEB1 participates in vasculogenic mimicry system formation through the regulation of CD34 and VE-cadherin expression. CONCLUSIONS From our data we conclude that cancer stem cells may contribute to UM heterogeneity and plasticity and that ZEB1 may play a regulatory role in it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Chen
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, National Clinical Medical Center for Geriatric Diseases of Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoqin Lu
- Department of Medicine, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, Birth Defects Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY USA
| | - Ling Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Douglas C. Dean
- Department of Medicine, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, Birth Defects Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY USA
| | - Yongqing Liu
- Department of Medicine, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, Birth Defects Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY USA
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Kisoh K, Hayashi H, Arai M, Orita M, Yuan B, Takagi N. Possible Involvement of PI3-K/Akt-Dependent GSK-3β Signaling in Proliferation of Neural Progenitor Cells After Hypoxic Exposure. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:1946-1956. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1216-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Nuryyev RL, Uhlendorf TL, Tierney W, Zatikyan S, Kopyov O, Kopyov A, Ochoa J, Trigt WV, Malone CS, Cohen RW. Transplantation of Human Neural Progenitor Cells Reveals Structural and Functional Improvements in the Spastic Han-Wistar Rat Model of Ataxia. Cell Transplant 2017; 26:1811-1821. [PMID: 29338380 PMCID: PMC5784519 DOI: 10.1177/0963689717723637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of regenerative medicine to treat nervous system disorders like ataxia has been proposed to either replace or support degenerating neurons. In this study, we assessed the ability of human neural progenitor cells (hNPCs) to repair and restore the function of dying neurons within the spastic Han-Wistar rat (sHW), a model of ataxia. The sHW rat suffers from neurodegeneration of specific neurons, including cerebellar Purkinje cells and hippocampal CA3 pyramidal cells leading to the observed symptoms of forelimb tremor, hind-leg rigidity, gait abnormality, motor incoordination, and a shortened life span. To alleviate the symptoms of neurodegeneration and to replace or augment dying neurons, neuronal human progenitor cells were implanted into the sHW rats. At 30 d of age, male sHW mutant rats underwent subcutaneous implantation of an Alzet osmotic pump that infused cyclosporine (15 mg/kg/d) used to suppress the rat's immune system. At 40 d, sHW rats received bilateral injections (500,000 cells in 5 µL media) of live hNPCs, dead hNPCs, live human embryonic kidney cells, or growth media either into the cerebellar cortex or into the hippocampus. To monitor results, motor activity scores (open-field testing) and weights of the animals were recorded weekly. The sHW rats that received hNPC transplantation into the cerebellum, at 60 d of age, displayed significantly higher motor activity scores and sustained greater weights and longevities than control-treated sHW rats or any hippocampal treatment group. In addition, cerebellar histology revealed that the transplanted hNPCs displayed signs of migration and signs of neuronal development in the degenerated Purkinje cell layer. This study revealed that implanted human progenitor cells reduced the ataxic symptoms in the sHW rat, identifying a future clinical use of these progenitor cells against ataxia and associated neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruslan L. Nuryyev
- Department of Biology, California State University, Northridge, CA, USA
| | - Toni L. Uhlendorf
- Department of Biology, California State University, Northridge, CA, USA
| | - Wesley Tierney
- Department of Biology, California State University, Northridge, CA, USA
| | - Suren Zatikyan
- Department of Biology, California State University, Northridge, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Cindy S. Malone
- Department of Biology, California State University, Northridge, CA, USA
| | - Randy W. Cohen
- Department of Biology, California State University, Northridge, CA, USA
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Tian Z, Zhao Q, Biswas S, Deng W. Methods of reactivation and reprogramming of neural stem cells for neural repair. Methods 2017; 133:3-20. [PMID: 28864354 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2017.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on the biology of adult neural stem cells (NSCs) and induced NSCs (iNSCs), as well as NSC-based therapies for diseases in central nervous system (CNS) has started to generate the expectation that these cells may be used for treatments in CNS injuries or disorders. Recent technological progresses in both NSCs themselves and their derivatives have brought us closer to therapeutic applications. Adult neurogenesis presents in particular regions in mammal brain, known as neurogenic niches such as the dental gyrus (DG) in hippocampus and the subventricular zone (SVZ), within which adult NSCs usually stay for long periods out of the cell cycle, in G0. The reactivation of quiescent adult NSCs needs orchestrated interactions between the extrinsic stimulis from niches and the intrinsic factors involving transcription factors (TFs), signaling pathway, epigenetics, and metabolism to start an intracellular regulatory program, which promotes the quiescent NSCs exit G0 and reenter cell cycle. Extrinsic and intrinsic mechanisms that regulate adult NSCs are interconnected and feedback on one another. Since endogenous neurogenesis only happens in restricted regions and steadily fails with disease advances, interest has evolved to apply the iNSCs converted from somatic cells to treat CNS disorders, as is also promising and preferable. To overcome the limitation of viral-based reprogramming of iNSCs, bioactive small molecules (SM) have been explored to enhance the efficiency of iNSC reprogramming or even replace TFs, making the iNSCs more amenable to clinical application. Despite intense research efforts to translate the studies of adult and induced NSCs from the bench to bedside, vital troubles remain at several steps in these processes. In this review, we examine the present status, advancement, pitfalls, and potential of the two types of NSC technologies, focusing on each aspects of reactivation of quiescent adult NSC and reprogramming of iNSC from somatic cells, as well as on progresses in cell-based regenerative strategies for neural repair and criteria for successful therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuojun Tian
- Department of Neurology, The Institute of Guangzhou Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, PR China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95817, USA; Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Qiuge Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The Institute of Guangzhou Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, PR China
| | - Sangita Biswas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95817, USA; Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
| | - Wenbin Deng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95817, USA; Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
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Stem Cells as a Promising Tool for the Restoration of Brain Neurovascular Unit and Angiogenic Orientation. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:7689-7705. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0286-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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