1
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Rajbhar K, Karodadeo GR, Kumar V, Barethiya V, Lahane A, Kale S, Thakre V, Dixit G, Kohale N, Hiradeve S, Rarokar NR. Comparative assessment of solubility enhancement of itroconazole by solid dispersion and co-crystallization technique: Investigation of simultaneous effect of media composition on drug dissolution. ANNALES PHARMACEUTIQUES FRANÇAISES 2023; 81:843-855. [PMID: 37182590 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharma.2023.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Solubility of the drug is an important property of the drug as it affects the release, absorption, dissolution rate and ultimately bioavailability of the drug. Hence, the poorly aqueous soluble drug, need to be processed, to enhance its solubility and dissolution. The Biopharmaceutical System of Classification (BCS) II drugs are poorly soluble and have high permeability. Though their good ability to permeate through the membrane make them clinically useful but the problem associated with the solubility restrict their clinical use. Therefore, there is need to improve the solubility of such drug molecules to get effective pharmacological action. Itraconazole (ITZ) is an antifungal agent used in the treatment of fungal infections having poor aqueous solubility as belonging to BCS class II. The present study was aim to enhance the solubility of ITZ by solid dispersion and co-crystallization techniques. Investigation of simultaneous effect of media composition on drug dissolution was also the objective of this work. The ITZ-SD and ITZ-CCs were prepared from ITZ and other excipients like PEG 4000, oxalic acid, fumaric and malic acid by solvent evaporation, kneading technique, slurry conversion and solvent drop grinding methods. The prepared ITZ-SD, ITZ-OA-CCs, ITZ-FA-CCs and ITZ-MA-CCs were evaluated for FTIR, DSC, PXRD, % yield, micromeritic properties. The optimized ITZ-SD and ITZ-CCs were used to compress a tablet and subject to post-compression parameters. The results of FTIR and DSC showed the absence of interaction between the drug and excipients. The PXRD pattern demonstrated the formation of crystalline structures with 6 folds increased in solubility during saturation solubility analysis. In vitro dissolution was carried out in dissolution media with different pH which shows the maximum release from ITZ-SD and ITZ-CCs in pH 6.8. This also revealed the highly pH dependent solubility and dissolution behavior of the weakly basic BCS class II drug (ITZ) with pKa value of 3.7. The overall results in this study indicated the potential of solid dispersion and co-crystals for enhancement of solubility of the poorly water-soluble drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kusum Rajbhar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Priyadarshini J.L. College of Pharmacy, Electronic zone building, Hingna road, Nagpur, 440016, Maharashtra, India
| | - Gaurav Ramesh Karodadeo
- G H Raisoni Institute of Life Sciences, Shradha Park, Hingna-Wadi Link Road, Nagpur, 440016, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Vivek Kumar
- Sir H.N. Reliance Foundation Hospital and Research Centre, Prarthana Samaj, Raja Rammohan Roy Road, Girgaon, Mumbai, 400004, Maharashtra, India
| | - Varsha Barethiya
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Priyadarshini J.L. College of Pharmacy, Electronic zone building, Hingna road, Nagpur, 440016, Maharashtra, India
| | - Amol Lahane
- Dr. R.N. Lahoti Pharmaceutical Education and Research Center, Sultanpur, Buldhana, 443302, India
| | - Shubham Kale
- Vardhaman College of Pharmacy, Karanja (Lad), Dist-Washim, 444105 Washim, India
| | - Vaibhav Thakre
- Vardhaman College of Pharmacy, Karanja (Lad), Dist-Washim, 444105 Washim, India
| | - Gouri Dixit
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Priyadarshini J.L. College of Pharmacy, Electronic zone building, Hingna road, Nagpur, 440016, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nitin Kohale
- Vardhaman College of Pharmacy, Karanja (Lad), Dist-Washim, 444105 Washim, India
| | - Sachin Hiradeve
- G H Raisoni Institute of Life Sciences, Shradha Park, Hingna-Wadi Link Road, Nagpur, 440016, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nilesh Ramesh Rarokar
- G H Raisoni Institute of Life Sciences, Shradha Park, Hingna-Wadi Link Road, Nagpur, 440016, Maharashtra, India.
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2
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Shen Y, Cruz-Cabeza AJ, Azzouz O, Edkins K. Using Prenucleation Aggregation of Caffeine-Benzoic Acid as a Rapid Indication of Co-crystallization from Solutions. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:1942-1950. [PMID: 36942815 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Co-crystal design is a convenient way to remedy the poor biopharmaceutical properties of drugs. Most studies focus on experimental co-crystal screening or computational prediction, but hardly any work has been done toward fast, efficient, and reliable prediction of solution crystallization for co-crystal formation. Here, we study the caffeine-benzoic acid co-crystal system, due to its reported difficulty to crystallize from the solution phase. With this work, we investigate whether there is a link between prenucleation aggregation in solution and co-crystal formation and how to harness this for crystallization prediction. 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy is used to study the prenucleation interaction between caffeine and benzoic acid in methanol, acetone, and acetonitrile as examples of common solvents. In this system, crystallization from methanol leads to no co-crystallization, from acetone to concomitant crystallization of co-crystal and caffeine, and from acetonitrile to pure co-crystal formation from solution. Strong heteromeric dimers were found to exist in all three solvents. Ternary phase diagrams were defined and a solution-accessible co-crystal region was found for all solvents. For this system, the prenucleation clusters found in solution could be linked to the crystallization of the co-crystal. Crystallization from DMSO did not yield the co-crystal and there were no detectable prenucleation aggregates. NMR spectroscopy to probe dimers in solution can thus be used as a fast, reliable, and promising tool to predict co-crystallization from specific solvents and to screen for suitable solvents for manufacturing and scale-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichun Shen
- School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, U.K
| | | | - Ossama Azzouz
- School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, U.K
| | - Katharina Edkins
- School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, U.K
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3
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Kumbhar P, Kolekar K, Khot C, Dabhole S, Salawi A, Sabei FY, Mohite A, Kole K, Mhatre S, Jha NK, Manjappa A, Singh SK, Dua K, Disouza J, Patravale V. Co-crystal nanoarchitectonics as an emerging strategy in attenuating cancer: Fundamentals and applications. J Control Release 2023; 353:1150-1170. [PMID: 36566843 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cancer ranks as the second foremost cause of death in various corners of the globe. The clinical uses of assorted anticancer therapeutics have been limited owing to the poor physicochemical attributes, pharmacokinetic performance, and lethal toxicities. Various sorts of co-crystals or nano co-crystals or co-crystals-laden nanocarriers have presented great promise in targeting cancer via improved physicochemical attributes, pharmacokinetic performance, and reduced toxicities. These systems have also demonstrated the controlled cargo release and passive targeting via enhanced permeation and retention (EPR) effect. In addition, regional delivery of co-crystals via inhalation and transdermal route displayed remarkable potential in targeting lung and skin cancer effectively. However, more research is required on the use of co-crystals in cancer and their commercialization. The present review mainly emphasizes co-crystals as emerging avenues in the treatment of various cancers by modulating the physicochemical and pharmacokinetic attributes of approved anticancer therapeutics. The worth of co-crystals in cancer treatment, computational paths in the co-crystals screening, diverse experimental techniques of co-crystals fabrication, and sorts of co-crystals and their noteworthy applications in targeting cancer are also discussed. Besides, the game changer approaches like nano co-crystals and co-crystals-laden nanocarriers, and co-crystals in regional delivery in cancer are also explained with reported case studies. Furthermore, regulatory directives for pharmaceutical co-crystals and their scale-up, and challenges are also highlighted with concluding remarks and future initiatives. In essence, co-crystals and nano co-crystals emerge to be a promising strategy in overwhelming cancers through improving anticancer efficacy, safety, patient compliance, and reducing the cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Popat Kumbhar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Tatyasaheb Kore College of Pharmacy, Warananagar, Tal: Panhala, Dist: Kolhapur, Maharashtra 416113, India
| | - Kaustubh Kolekar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Tatyasaheb Kore College of Pharmacy, Warananagar, Tal: Panhala, Dist: Kolhapur, Maharashtra 416113, India
| | - Chinmayee Khot
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Tatyasaheb Kore College of Pharmacy, Warananagar, Tal: Panhala, Dist: Kolhapur, Maharashtra 416113, India
| | - Swati Dabhole
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Tatyasaheb Kore College of Pharmacy, Warananagar, Tal: Panhala, Dist: Kolhapur, Maharashtra 416113, India
| | - Ahmad Salawi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad Y Sabei
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Akshay Mohite
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Tatyasaheb Kore College of Pharmacy, Warananagar, Tal: Panhala, Dist: Kolhapur, Maharashtra 416113, India
| | - Kapil Kole
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Tatyasaheb Kore College of Pharmacy, Warananagar, Tal: Panhala, Dist: Kolhapur, Maharashtra 416113, India
| | - Susmit Mhatre
- Department of Pharmacy Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Health Professionals, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida, 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India; Department of Biotechnology Engineering and Food Technology, Chandigarh University, Mohali 140413, India; Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied & Life Sciences (SALS), Uttaranchal University, Dehradun 248007, India
| | - Arehalli Manjappa
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Tatyasaheb Kore College of Pharmacy, Warananagar, Tal: Panhala, Dist: Kolhapur, Maharashtra 416113, India
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun 248007, India
| | - John Disouza
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Tatyasaheb Kore College of Pharmacy, Warananagar, Tal: Panhala, Dist: Kolhapur, Maharashtra 416113, India.
| | - Vandana Patravale
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400019, India.
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Arshad MS, Mujeeb M, Zafar S, Khan WQ, Patel M, Yousef B, Chang MW, Sayed E, Ahmad Z. EHDA engineering of Piroxicam-PVP components for pharmaceutical dosages. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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5
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Huang S, Venables DS, Lawrence SE. Pharmaceutical Salts of Piroxicam and Meloxicam with Organic Counterions. CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN 2022; 22:6504-6520. [PMID: 36817751 PMCID: PMC9933440 DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.2c00722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Piroxicam (PRM) and meloxicam (MEL) are two nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, belonging to the Biopharmaceutics Classification System Class II drugs. In this study, six novel pharmaceutical salts of PRM and MEL with three basic organic counterions, that is, 4-aminopyridine (4AP), 4-dimethylaminopyridine (4DMP), and piperazine (PPZ), were prepared by both slurrying and slow evaporation. These salts were characterized by single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction, thermal analysis, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. All six salts, especially MEL-4DMP and MEL-4AP, showed a significantly improved apparent solubility and dissolution rate in sodium phosphate solution compared with the pure APIs. Notably, PRM-4AP and PRM-4DMP salts exhibited enhanced fluorescence, and the PRM-PPZ salt showed weaker fluorescence compared with that of pure PRM due to different luminescence mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Huang
- School
of Chemistry, Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility,
Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre, University College Cork, Cork T12 K8AF, Ireland
| | - Dean S. Venables
- School
of Chemistry and Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork T12 K8AF, Ireland
| | - Simon E. Lawrence
- School
of Chemistry, Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility,
Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre, University College Cork, Cork T12 K8AF, Ireland
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6
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Charoenchaitrakool M, Roubroum T, Sudsakorn K. Processing of a novel mefenamic acid−paracetamol−nicotinamide cocrystal using gas anti-solvent process. J CO2 UTIL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2022.102080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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7
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Box-Behnken Design Optimization and In Vitro Cell Based Evaluation of Piroxicam Loaded Core-Shell Type Hybrid Nanocarriers for Prostate Cancer. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 216:114799. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.114799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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8
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Effect of Surfactants and Polymers on the Dissolution Behavior of Supersaturable Tecovirimat-4-Hydroxybenzoic Acid Cocrystals. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13111772. [PMID: 34834187 PMCID: PMC8624993 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Pharmaceutical cocrystals have attracted remarkable interest and have been successfully used to enhance the absorption of poorly water-soluble drugs. However, supersaturable cocrystals are sometimes thermodynamically unstable, and the solubility advantages present a risk of precipitation because of the solution-mediated phase transformation (SMPT). Additives such as surfactants and polymers could sustain the supersaturation state successfully, but the effect needs insightful understanding. The aim of the present study was to investigate the roles of surfactants and polymers in the dissolution-supersaturation-precipitation (DSP) behavior of cocrystals. (2) Methods: Five surfactants (SDS, Poloxamer 188, Poloxamer 407, Cremophor RH 40, polysorbate 80) and five polymers (PVP K30, PVPVA 64, HPC, HPMC E5, CMC-Na) were selected as additives. Tecovirimat-4-hydroxybenzoic (TEC-HBA) cocrystals were chosen as a model cocrystal. The TEC-HBA cocrystals were first designed and verified by PXRD, DSC, SEM, and FTIR. The effects of surfactants and polymers on the solubility and dissolution of TEC-HBA cocrystals under sink and nonsink conditions were then investigated. (3) Results: Both the surfactants and polymers showed significant dissolution enhancement effects, and most of the polymers were more effective than the surfactants, according to the longer Tmax and higher Cmax. These results demonstrate that the dissolution behavior of cocrystals might be achieved by the maintained supersaturation effect of the additives. Interestingly, we found a linear relationship between the solubility and Cmax of the dissolution curve for surfactants, while no similar phenomena were found in solutions with polymer. (4) Conclusions: The present study provides a basis for additive selection and a framework for understanding the behavior of supersaturable cocrystals in solution.
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9
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Nugrahani I, Parwati RD. Challenges and Progress in Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs Co-Crystal Development. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26144185. [PMID: 34299458 PMCID: PMC8303568 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Co-crystal innovation is an opportunity in drug development for both scientists and industry. In line with the “green pharmacy” concept for obtaining safer methods and advanced pharmaceutical products, co-crystallization is one of the most promising approaches to find novel patent drugs, including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID). This kind of multi-component system improves previously poor physicochemical and mechanical properties through non-covalent interactions. Practically, there are many challenges to find commercially viable co-crystal drugs. The difficulty in selecting co-formers becomes the primary problem, followed by unexpected results, such as decreased solubility and dissolution, spring and parachute effect, microenvironment pH effects, changes in instability, and polymorphisms, which can occur during the co-crystal development. However, over time, NSAID co-crystals have been continuously updated regarding co-formers selection and methods development.
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10
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Otsuka Y, Goto S. Dry and Wet Mechanochemical Synthesis of Piroxicam and Saccharin Co-Crystals and Evaluation by Powder X-Ray Diffraction, Thermal Analysis and Mid- and Near- Infrared Spectroscopy. J Pharm Sci 2021; 111:88-94. [PMID: 34139260 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2021.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of dry and wet mechanochemical synthesis on piroxicam (PX) and saccharin (SA) mixtures. For this purpose, PX and SA mixtures prepared by wet mechanochemical processes using three solvents and by dry mechanochemical synthesis were evaluated by mid-and near-infrared spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The mixtures of wet-type products were transformed into PX/SA 1:1 co-crystals. The effect of the solvent was key to the co-crystallization of PX and SA. The products from the dry process were transformed into the amorphous phase. For the sample of the amorphous mixture, two exothermic peaks due to crystallization were observed in the thermal analysis. Bulk PX was ground for the same number of times for transformation, but was not successfully transformed to the amorphous bulk; the same was observed for SA. It is suggested that the mutual existence of PX and SA promotes mutual amorphization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Otsuka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Chiba, Japan; Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Satoru Goto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Chiba, Japan; Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Chiba, Japan.
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11
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Nugrahani I, Jessica MA. Amino Acids as the Potential Co-Former for Co-Crystal Development: A Review. Molecules 2021; 26:3279. [PMID: 34071731 PMCID: PMC8198002 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Co-crystals are one of the most popular ways to modify the physicochemical properties of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) without changing pharmacological activity through non-covalent interactions with one or more co-formers. A "green method" has recently prompted many researchers to develop solvent-free techniques or minimize solvents for arranging the eco-friendlier process of co-crystallization. Researchers have also been looking for less-risk co-formers that produce the desired API's physicochemical properties. This review purposed to collect the report studies of amino acids as the safe co-former and explored their advantages. Structurally, amino acids are promising co-former candidates as they have functional groups that can form hydrogen bonds and increase stability through zwitterionic moieties, which support strong interactions. The co-crystals and deep eutectic solvent yielded from this natural compound have been proven to improve pharmaceutical performance. For example, l-glutamine could reduce the side effects of mesalamine through an acid-base stabilizing effect in the gastrointestinal fluid. In addition, some amino acids, especially l-proline, enhances API's solubility and absorption in its natural deep eutectic solvent and co-crystals systems. Moreover, some ionic co-crystals of amino acids have also been designed to increase chiral resolution. Therefore, amino acids are safe potential co-formers, which are suitable for improving the physicochemical properties of API and prospective to be developed further in the dosage formula and solid-state syntheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilma Nugrahani
- Pharmacochemistry Department, School of Pharmacy, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung 40132, Indonesia;
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12
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Budziak-Wieczorek I, Maciołek U. Synthesis and Characterization of a (-)-Epicatechin and Barbituric Acid Cocrystal: Single-Crystal X-ray Diffraction and Vibrational Spectroscopic Studies. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:8199-8209. [PMID: 33817479 PMCID: PMC8014927 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c06239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The paper presents the contribution of the cocrystallization method in the physicochemical modification of catechins that exhibit low oral bioavailability. This was done to obtain cocrystals for two naturally occurring polyphenolic diastereoisomers (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin with commonly used coformers. Due to distinct crystallization behavior, only the (-)-epicatechin cocrystal with barbituric acid in a 1:1 stoichiometry was obtained. The cocrystal of (-)-epicatechin (EC) with barbituric acid (BTA) was prepared by the slow solvent-evaporation technique. The structure and intermolecular interactions were determined by X-ray crystallographic techniques. The analysis of packing and interactions in the crystal lattice revealed that molecules in the target cocrystal were packed into tapes, formed by the O-H···O type contacts between the (-)-epicatechin and coformer molecules. The EC molecules interact with the carboxyl group in the BTA coformer mainly by -OH groups from the benzene ring A. The cocrystalline phase constituents were also investigated in terms of Hirshfeld surfaces. The application of Raman spectroscopy confirmed the involvement of the C=O group in the formation of hydrogen bonds between the (-)-epicatechin and barbituric acid molecules. Additionally, the solubility studies of pure EC and the EC-BTA cocrystal exhibited minor enhancement of EC solubility in the buffer solution, and pH measurements confirmed a stable level of solubility for EC and its cocrystal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Budziak-Wieczorek
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Life Sciences
in Lublin, Akademicka 15, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Urszula Maciołek
- Analytical
Laboratory, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, pl. M. Curie-Skłodowskiej
3, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
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13
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Ngilirabanga JB, Samsodien H. Pharmaceutical co‐crystal: An alternative strategy for enhanced physicochemical properties and drug synergy. NANO SELECT 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/nano.202000201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Halima Samsodien
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science University of the Western Cape Bellville South Africa
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14
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Radha-Rani E, Venkata-Radha G. Engineering cocrystals of Paliperidone with enhanced solubility and dissolution characteristics. ARHIV ZA FARMACIJU 2021. [DOI: 10.5937/arhfarm71-32997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, co-crystals (CCs) of Paliperidone (PPD) with coformers like benzoic acid (BA) and P-amino benzoic acid (PABA) were synthesized and characterized to improve the physicochemical properties and dissolution rate. CCs were prepared by the solvent evaporation (SE) technique and were compared with the products formed by neat grinding (NG) and liquid assisted grinding (LAG) in their enhancement of solubility. The formation of CCs was confirmed by the IR spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction and thermal analysis methods. The saturation solubility studies indicate that the aqueous solubility of PPD-BA and PPD-PABA CCs was significantly improved to 1.343±0.162mg/ml and 1.964±0.452mg/ml, respectively, in comparison with the PPD solubility of 0.473mg/ml. This increase in solubility is 2.83-and 3.09-fold, respectively. PPD exhibited a poor dissolution of 37.8% in 60min, while the dissolution of the CCs improved tremendously to 96.07% and 89.65% in 60min. CCs of PPD with BA and PABA present a novel approach to overcome the solubility challenges of poorly water-soluble drug PPD.
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15
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Saikia B, Pathak D, Sarma B. Variable stoichiometry cocrystals: occurrence and significance. CrystEngComm 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce00451d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Stoichiometric variation in organic cocrystals, their synthesis, structure elucidation and properties are discussed. Accountable reasons for the occurrence of such cocrystals are emphasised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basanta Saikia
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Tezpur University
- Tezpur 784028
- India
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems
| | - Debabrat Pathak
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Tezpur University
- Tezpur 784028
- India
| | - Bipul Sarma
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Tezpur University
- Tezpur 784028
- India
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16
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Hot Melt Extrusion: an Emerging Green Technique for the Synthesis of High-Quality Pharmaceutical Cocrystals. J Pharm Innov 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12247-020-09512-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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17
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Panzade PS, Shendarkar GR. Pharmaceutical cocrystal: a game changing approach for the administration of old drugs in new crystalline form. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2020; 46:1559-1568. [PMID: 32799687 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2020.1810270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical cocrystals are still gaining the interest of the researchers due to their potential to alter physicochemical, mechanical, and pharmacokinetic properties of active pharmaceutical ingredients without negotiating therapeutic action. The diverse new applications of cocrystals, like taste masking, reduced toxicity, patenting opportunities, commercial potential, etc. act as driving force to the rising interest of the pharmaceutical industries. Initially, cocrystals from the view of regulatory authorities, design strategies, cocrystal preparation in brief with special emphasis on scalable and solvent-free hot melt extrusion method, and practical guide to characterization have been provided. The special focus has been given to the biopharmaceutical attributes of the cocrystal. Finally, challenges before and after cocrystal preparation are presented in this review along with some commercial examples of the cocrystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhakar S Panzade
- Center for Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanded Pharmacy College, Nanded, India.,Srinath College of Pharmacy, Waluj, India
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Molavi F, Hamishehkar H, Nokhodchi A. Impact of Tablet Shape on Drug Dissolution Rate Through Immediate Released Tablets. Adv Pharm Bull 2020; 10:656-661. [PMID: 33072542 PMCID: PMC7539314 DOI: 10.34172/apb.2020.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the geometric shape on the dissolution rate of the domperidone, a drug model for immediate release dosage form. In this regard, a lack of sufficient information about the effective dissolution rate of the drugs regarding their shapes has made this issue an interesting subject for researchers. Methods: For this purpose, three tablet shapes, namely flat and biconvex both in a round and oblong shapes, with different four sizes were modelled for the preparation of domperidone tablet. In vitro dissolution test was accomplished using a USP dissolution apparatus II. The drug dissolution rate was assessed by calculating various dissolution parameters; e.g., dissolution efficiency (DE), mean dissolution rate (MDR), mean dissolution time (MDT), and difference and similarity factors (f1 and f2 ). Results: Regarding the disintegration time, the larger tablets showed a faster disintegration time. When the size of the tablets was smaller, the amount of released drug was significantly decreased. In addition, #9 tablets with a flat or biconvex geometry had obvious effects on the DE values. Generally, biconvex tablets had higher DE percentage than the flat tablets. Conclusion: Noticeable differences in dissolution parameters by considering the different geometric shapes play an important role in the drug release kinetics which makes a significant effect on quick onset of action in oral administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Molavi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Student Research Committee and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamed Hamishehkar
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Nokhodchi
- Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QJ, United Kingdom
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Aitipamula S, Das S. Cocrystal formulations: A case study of topical formulations consisting of ferulic acid cocrystals. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 149:95-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Raheem Thayyil A, Juturu T, Nayak S, Kamath S. Pharmaceutical Co-Crystallization: Regulatory Aspects, Design, Characterization, and Applications. Adv Pharm Bull 2020; 10:203-212. [PMID: 32373488 PMCID: PMC7191238 DOI: 10.34172/apb.2020.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmaceutical co-crystals are novel class of pharmaceutical substances, which possess an apparent probability of advancement of polished physical properties offering stable and patentable solid forms. These multi-component crystalline forms influence pertinent physicochemical parameters like solubility, dissolution rate, chemical stability, physical stability, etc. which in turn result in the materials with superior properties to those of the free drug. Co-crystallization is a process by which the molecular interactions can be altered to optimize the drug properties. Co-crystals comprise a multicomponent system of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) with a stoichiometric amount of a pharmaceutically acceptable coformer incorporated in the crystal lattice. By manufacturing pharmaceutical co-crystals, the physicochemical properties of a drug can be improved thus multicomponent crystalline materials have received renewed interest in the current scenario due to the easy administration in the pharmaceutical industry. There is an immense amount of literature available on co-crystals. However, there is a lack of an exhaustive review on a selection of coformers and regulations on co-crystals. The review has made an attempt to bridge this gap. The review also describes the methods used to prepare co-crystals with their characterization. Brief description on the pharmaceutical applications of co-crystals has also been incorporated here. Efforts are made to include reported works on co-crystals, which further help to understand the concept of co-crystals in depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Raheem Thayyil
- Faculty of Industrial Pharmacy, Bapuji Pharmacy College, SS layout, Shamnur road, Davanagere-577004, Karnataka, India. Introduction
| | - Thimmasetty Juturu
- Faculty of Industrial Pharmacy, Bapuji Pharmacy College, SS layout, Shamnur road, Davanagere-577004, Karnataka, India. Introduction
| | - Shashank Nayak
- Faculty of Industrial Pharmacy, Bapuji Pharmacy College, SS layout, Shamnur road, Davanagere-577004, Karnataka, India. Introduction
| | - Shwetha Kamath
- Faculty of Industrial Pharmacy, Bapuji Pharmacy College, SS layout, Shamnur road, Davanagere-577004, Karnataka, India. Introduction
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Oral Bioavailability Enhancement of Paliperidone by the use of Cocrystalization and Precipitation Inhibition. J Pharm Innov 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12247-020-09428-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Panzade P, Shendarkar G. Superior Solubility and Dissolution of Zaltoprofen via Pharmaceutical Cocrystals. Turk J Pharm Sci 2019; 16:310-316. [PMID: 32454729 DOI: 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2018.15013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Pharmaceutical cocrystals are a promising tool to enhance the solubility and dissolution of poorly soluble drugs. Zaltoprofen (ZFN) is nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug with a prevalent solubility problem. The present study was undertaken to enhance the solubility and dissolution of ZFN through pharmaceutical cocrystals by screening various coformers. Materials and Methods Cocrystals of ZFN were prepared in 1:1 and 1:2 ratio of drug:coformer by the dry grinding method. The melting point and solubility of the crystalline phase were determined. The potential cocrystals were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), infrared spectroscopy, and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD). Cocrystals were subjected to dissolution rate and stability study. Results ZFN-nicotinamide (NIC) cocrystals demonstrated deviation in melting point and solubility. The cocrystals were obtained in both 1:1 and 1:2 ratios with NIC. The infrared analysis noticeably indicated the shifting of characteristic bands of ZFN. The crystallinity of the cocrystals was evident from the XRPD pattern and notable difference in the 2θ values of intense peaks. The DSC spectra of the cocrystals exhibited altered endotherms analogous to melting point. The cocrystals showed a faster dissolution rate and a 55% increase in the extent of dissolution compared to pure drug. The cocrystals were stable at room temperature and accelerated conditions. Conclusion The prepared cocrystals exhibited greater solubility and dissolution compared to the pure drug and were stable at room temperature and accelerated conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhakar Panzade
- Center for Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanded Pharmacy College, Opp. Kasturba Matruseva Kendra, Sham Nagar, Nanded, India
| | - Giridhar Shendarkar
- Center for Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanded Pharmacy College, Opp. Kasturba Matruseva Kendra, Sham Nagar, Nanded, India
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Pessoa AS, Aguiar GPS, Vladimir Oliveira J, Bortoluzzi AJ, Paulino A, Lanza M. Precipitation of resveratrol-isoniazid and resveratrol-nicotinamide cocrystals by gas antisolvent. J Supercrit Fluids 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2018.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Cocrystal Assembled by Pyrene Derivative and 1,4-Diiodotetrafluorobenzene via a C=O···I Halogen Bond. CRYSTALS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst8100392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cocrystal formation is a strategy used to modify the solid-state properties of a given molecule. In this study, a new cocrystal assembled by 1,4-Diiodotetrafluorobenzene (1,4-DITFB) and a pyrene derivative, 1-acetyl-3-phenyl-5-(1-pyrenyl)-pyrazoline (APPP), was synthesized. Due to the twisted structure of APPP, the crystal structure is greatly different with some large π-conjugated compounds, which exhibits edge-to-face π-stacked arrangement between 1,4-DITFB and pyrene rings, rather than the face-to-face π-stacked arrangement. Hirshfeld surface analysis and the shift of characteristic vibration band of the carbonyl group in FT-IR spectroscopy suggest the formation of a C=O···I halogen bond.
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Alsuraifi A, Lin PKT, Curtis A, Lamprou DA, Hoskins C. A Novel PAA Derivative with Enhanced Drug Efficacy in Pancreatic Cancer Cell Lines. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2018; 11:E91. [PMID: 30248980 PMCID: PMC6315666 DOI: 10.3390/ph11040091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles have been shown to be effective drug carriers in cancer therapy. Pancreatic cancer forms dense tumours which are often resistant to drug molecules. In order to overcome such multidrug resistance, new drug entities, novel delivery systems and combination therapy strategies are being explored. In this paper, we report the design and synthesis of a poly(allylamine)-based amphiphile modified with hydrophobic naphthalimido pendant groups. Bisnaphthalimide compounds have been shown to possess anticancer activity. The potential of this polymer to encapsulate, solubilize and enhance drug (5-fluorouricil and bis-(naphthalimidopropyl)-diaminooctane) cytotoxicity in BxPC-3 cells was evaluated. Our studies showed that the insoluble drugs could be formulated up to 4.3 mg mL-1 and 2.4 mg mL-1 inside the amphiphiles, respectively. Additionally, the novel poly(allylamine)-naphthalimide carrier resulted in an amplification of cytotoxic effect with drug treatment after 24 h, and was capable of reduction of 50% cell population at concentrations as low as 3 μg mL-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Alsuraifi
- Institute of Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Keele ST5 5BG, UK.
- College of Dentistry, University of Basrah, Basrah 61004, Iraq.
| | - Paul Kong Thoo Lin
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen AB10 7GJ, UK.
| | - Anthony Curtis
- Institute of Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Keele ST5 5BG, UK.
| | | | - Clare Hoskins
- Institute of Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Keele ST5 5BG, UK.
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Application of Box–Behnken design for processing of mefenamic acid–paracetamol cocrystals using gas anti-solvent (GAS) process. J CO2 UTIL 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2018.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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