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Sengupta P, Lakshminarayanan K. Motor imagery of finger movements: Effects on cortical and muscle activities. Behav Brain Res 2024; 471:115100. [PMID: 38852744 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of the current study was to explore the immediate effect of motor imagery (MI) involving finger movement of a given limb on cortical response and muscle activity in healthy subjects. METHODS Twenty healthy right-handed adults (7 females and 13 males) with a mean + SD age of 22.05 + 6.08 years participated in the study. The beta-band event-related desynchronization (ERD) at the sensorimotor cortex and muscle activity during finger movement tasks using either the index, middle, or thumb digits on the non-dominant left hand were compared before and after an MI training session. Subjects underwent a pre-MI, MI training, and finally a post-MI session where they either performed or imagined performing a button-pushing action 50 times per session with each of the three digits. RESULTS The ERD power in the beta frequency band was lower in pre-MI compared to post-MI and was significantly different between the pre- and post-MI sessions for both the index and middle fingers, but not the thumb. A significant decrease was seen in the mean muscle activity during post-MI compared to pre-MI for all the digits except the thumb. CONCLUSIONS The results from the current study suggest that complex MI can result in motor learning and improvement in motor performance, thereby requiring less effort during motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puja Sengupta
- Neuro-rehabilitation Lab, Department of Sensors and Biomedical Technology, School of Electronics Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kishor Lakshminarayanan
- Neuro-rehabilitation Lab, Department of Sensors and Biomedical Technology, School of Electronics Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
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MacPherson SE, Gilmour VAW. The influence of interruptions and planning on serial everyday multitasking in older adults. NEUROPSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENT, AND COGNITION. SECTION B, AGING, NEUROPSYCHOLOGY AND COGNITION 2024; 31:496-523. [PMID: 37184382 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2023.2210814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive aging research has studied the influence of healthy aging on the ability to multitask. Yet, little is known about the factors that might improve or impair serial multitasking performance in older adults. Three experiments involving younger and older adults assessed the impact of interruptions and planning on a prop-based test of multitasking. In Experiment 1, 26 younger adults and 25 older adults' multitasking abilities were assessed; older adults performed significantly more poorly than younger adults. In Experiment 2, 19 younger and 22 older adults were randomly allocated to a group who experienced a one minute unexpected interruption while multitasking or a group with no interruption. The results showed that, when there was an interruption, the age difference disappeared. In Experiment 3, 32 younger and 30 older adults were randomly allocated to a group who were given 3 minutes to write an outline describing how they intended to approach the multitasking task, and another group who were given 3 minutes to label pictures of everyday objects prior to multitasking. Again, when participants were encouraged to plan, no age difference was found. These results highlight the advantage that interruptions and planning might have on serial everyday multitasking performance in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E MacPherson
- Human Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Vairi A W Gilmour
- Human Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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3
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Ericson JD, Albert WS. Evidence for Shifting Cognitive Strategies when Icons Appear in Unexpected Locations. HUMAN FACTORS 2024; 66:891-903. [PMID: 36517941 DOI: 10.1177/00187208221144875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study examines the cognitive effects of placing icons in unexpected spatial locations within websites. BACKGROUND Prior research has revealed evidence for cognitive conflict when web icons occur in unexpected locations (e.g., cart, top left), generally consistent with a dynamical systems models. Here, we compare the relative strength of evidence for both dual and dynamical systems models. METHODS Participants clicked on icons located in either expected (e.g., cart, top right) or unexpected (e.g., cart, top left) locations while mouse trajectories were continuously recorded. Trajectories were classified according to prototypes associated with each cognitive model. The dynamical systems model predicts curved trajectories, while the dual-systems model predicts straight and change of mind trajectories. RESULTS Trajectory classification revealed that curved trajectories increased (+11%), while straight and change of mind trajectories decreased (-12%) when target icons occurred in unexpected locations (p < .001). CONCLUSION Rather than employing a single cognitive strategy, users shift from a primarily dual-systems to dynamical systems strategy when icons occur in unexpected locations. APPLICATION Potential applications of this work include the assessment of cognitive impacts such as mental workload and cognitive conflict during real-time interaction with websites and other screen-based interfaces, personalization and adaptive interfaces based on an individual's cognitive strategy, and data-driven A/B testing of alternative interface designs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - William S Albert
- Bentley University, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
- Mach49, California, USA
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4
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Stoll SEM, Bauer I, Hopfer K, Lamberty J, Lunz V, Guzmán Bausch F, Höflacher C, Kroliczak G, Kalénine S, Randerath J. Diagnosing homo digitalis: towards a standardized assessment for digital tool competencies. Front Psychol 2024; 14:1270437. [PMID: 38239458 PMCID: PMC10794727 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1270437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction In the 21st century, digital devices have become integral to our daily lives. Still, practical assessments designed to evaluate an individual's digital tool competencies are absent. The present study introduces the "Digital Tools Test" ("DIGI"), specifically designed for the evaluation of one's proficiency in handling common applications and functions of smartphones and tablets. The DIGI assessment has been primarily tailored for prospective use among older adults and neurological patients with the latter frequently suffering from so-called apraxia, which potentially also affects the handling of digital tools. Similar to traditional tool use tests that assess tool-selection and tool-action processes, the DIGI assessment evaluates an individual's ability to select an appropriate application for a given task (e.g., creating a new contact), their capacity to navigate within the chosen application and their competence in executing precise and accurate movements, such as swiping. Methods We tested the implementation of the DIGI in a group of 16 healthy adults aged 18 to 28 years and 16 healthy adults aged 60 to 74 years. All participants were able to withstand the assessment and reported good acceptance. Results The results revealed a significant performance disparity, with older adults displaying notably lower proficiency in the DIGI. The DIGI performance of older adults exhibited a correlation with their ability to employ a set of novel mechanical tools, but not with their ability to handle a set of familiar common tools. There was no such correlation for the younger group. Conclusion In conclusion, this study introduces an innovative assessment tool aimed at evaluating common digital tool competencies. Our preliminary results demonstrate good acceptance and reveal expected group differences. For current cohorts of older adults, the results seem to indicate that the ability to use novel tools may aid digital tool use. In the next step, the psychometric properties of the DIGI assessment should be evaluated in larger and more diverse samples. The advancement of digital tool competency assessments and rehabilitation strategies is essential when we aim at facilitating societal inclusion and participation for individuals in affected populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E. M. Stoll
- Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- Lurija Institute for Rehabilitation Science and Health Research, Kliniken Schmieder, Allensbach, Germany
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Isabel Bauer
- Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- Lurija Institute for Rehabilitation Science and Health Research, Kliniken Schmieder, Allensbach, Germany
| | - Karen Hopfer
- Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Judith Lamberty
- Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Verena Lunz
- Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | | | - Cosima Höflacher
- Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Gregory Kroliczak
- Cognitive Neuroscience Center, Action and Cognition Laboratory, Faculty of Psychology and Cognitive Science, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
- Department of Clinical Neuropsychology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń Collegium Medicum, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Solène Kalénine
- Sciences Cognitives Et Sciences Affectives, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Jennifer Randerath
- Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- Lurija Institute for Rehabilitation Science and Health Research, Kliniken Schmieder, Allensbach, Germany
- Outpatient Unit for Research, Teaching, and Practice, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Everard GJ, Lejeune TM, Batcho CS. Visual feedback and age affect upper limb reaching accuracy and kinematics in immersive virtual reality among healthy adults. Int J Rehabil Res 2023; 46:221-229. [PMID: 37334800 DOI: 10.1097/mrr.0000000000000588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the effect of visual feedback, age and movement repetition on the upper limb (UL) accuracy and kinematics during a reaching task in immersive virtual reality (VR). Fifty-one healthy participants were asked to perform 25 trials of a reaching task in immersive VR with and without visual feedback of their hand. They were instructed to place, as accurately and as fast as possible, a controller held in their non-dominant hand in the centre of a virtual red cube of 3 cm side length. For each trial, the end-point error (distance between the tip of the controller and the centre of the cube), a coefficient of linearity (CL), the movement time (MT), and the spectral arc length of the velocity signal (SPARC), which is a movement smoothness index, were calculated. Multivariate analyses of variance were conducted to assess the influence of visual feedback, age and trial repetition on the average end-point error, SPARC, CL and MT, and their time course throughout the 25 trials. Providing visual feedback of the hand reduced average end-point error ( P < 0.001) and MT ( P = 0.044), improved SPARC ( P < 0.001) but did not affect CL ( P = 0.07). Younger participants obtained a lower mean end-point error ( P = 0.037), a higher SPARC ( P = 0.021) and CL ( P = 0.013). MT was not affected by age ( P = 0.671). Trial repetition increased SPARC ( P < 0.001) and CL ( P < 0.001), and reduced MT ( P = 0.001) but did not affect end-point error ( P = 0.608). In conclusion, the results of this study demonstrated that providing visual feedback of the hand and being younger improves UL accuracy and movement smoothness in immersive VR. UL kinematics but not accuracy can be improved with more trial repetitions. These findings could guide the future development of protocols in clinical rehabilitation and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gauthier J Everard
- Université catholique de Louvain, Secteur des Sciences de la Santé, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Neuro Musculo Skeletal Lab (NMSK), Brussels, Belgium
- Centre interdisciplinaire de recherche en réadaptation et intégration sociale, Université Laval
- Department of rehabilitation, Faculty of medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Thierry M Lejeune
- Université catholique de Louvain, Secteur des Sciences de la Santé, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Neuro Musculo Skeletal Lab (NMSK), Brussels, Belgium
- Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Service de médecine physique et réadaptation, Brussels
- Louvain Bionics, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Charles S Batcho
- Centre interdisciplinaire de recherche en réadaptation et intégration sociale, Université Laval
- Department of rehabilitation, Faculty of medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada
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6
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Measuring the effectiveness of the temporal dominance of sensations technique to investigate the dynamic perception of oral nutritional supplements by older adults. Food Qual Prefer 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2022.104720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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7
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Bridging the Digital Divide for Rural Older Adults by Family Intergenerational Learning: A Classroom Case in a Rural Primary School in China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 19:ijerph19010371. [PMID: 35010629 PMCID: PMC8744988 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19010371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Rural older adults often feel disconnected from the ever-expanding digital world. To bridge the digital divide, researchers have investigated the effectiveness of formal education and training offered by various social institutions. However, existing research highlights a critical shortcoming in these approaches: a lack of attention paid to rural older adults’ individual needs and interests. Based on the theories of post-metaphorical culture, endogenous development, home-school cooperation, and technology adoption and acceptance, this study implements a family intergenerational learning (FIL) project. FIL characterizes learning between grandparents and grandchildren within the household, suggesting a more practical and individualized strategy to help rural older adults gain digital literacy. By conducting a three-month FIL Project in a rural primary school class in China, the study employs a qualitative method to analyze learning records and interviews from 10 sets of participating grandparents and grandchildren. The analysis renders two critical findings on the effectiveness of the FIL Project for rural older adults. First, FIL can help rural older adults adapt into the digital world by (1) gaining knowledge about digital society, (2) improving their digital skills, (3) changing their lifestyles, and (4) understanding the integration between technology and society. Second, among grandchildren, FIL can cultivate an awareness of lifelong learning and their moral obligations to their grandparents. By illustrating this specific case, this study puts forward a new approach to help the older adults overcome the digital divide in rural areas.
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Elboim-Gabyzon M, Weiss PL, Danial-Saad A. Effect of Age on the Touchscreen Manipulation Ability of Community-Dwelling Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18042094. [PMID: 33669980 PMCID: PMC7924826 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18042094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Assessment of touchscreen manipulation skills is essential for determining the abilities of older individuals and the extent to which they may benefit from this technology as a means to enhance participation, self-esteem, and quality of life. The aim of this study was to compare the touchscreen manipulation ability between community-dwelling older adults and middle-aged adults using a newly developed Touchscreen Assessment Tool (TATOO) and to determine the usability of this instrument. Convenience samples of two age groups were considered, one including 28 independent community-living older adults aged 81.9 ± 4.2 years with intact or corrected vision and with the abilities to walk independently with or without a walking aid and to understand and follow simple commands, and the other including 25 healthy middle-age adults aged 53.4 ± 5.9 years. The usability assessment was conducted during a single session using the System Usability Scale (SUS). Older adults demonstrated poorer touchscreen skills compared to middle-aged adults. Previous experience in manipulating a smartphone by the older adults did not affect their performance. The SUS results indicated good usability of the TATOO by both age groups. The TATOO shows promise as a user-friendly tool for assessing the specific skills needed to operate touchscreens. The outcomes of this study support the suitability of touchscreen devices and applications as well as the need for adapted accessibility for older adults. Researchers and clinicians will benefit from the availability of a rapid, low-cost, and objective tool to assess the skills required for touchscreen use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Elboim-Gabyzon
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Social Welfare & Health Sciences, University of Haifa, 3498838 Haifa, Israel
- Correspondence:
| | - Patrice L. Weiss
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Social Welfare & Health Sciences, University of Haifa, 3498838 Haifa, Israel; (P.L.W.); (A.D.-S.)
| | - Alexandra Danial-Saad
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Social Welfare & Health Sciences, University of Haifa, 3498838 Haifa, Israel; (P.L.W.); (A.D.-S.)
- The Arab Academic College for Education in Israel, University of Haifa, 3498838 Haifa, Israel
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Abstract
Empirical evidence suggests that self-reported prosociality and donations increase with age. The majority of this research was conducted using monetary donations as outcome measures. However, on average older adults hold a significant advantage in financial and material assets compared to younger adults, effectively lowering the subjective cost of small monetary donations. Are older adults also more prosocial when donating a nonmonetary resource that is of equal or even higher value for them compared to younger age groups? A first study (N = 160, 20-74 years) combined data from self-report measures, affective responses, and hypothetical donation decisions to compute a single prosociality factor. Conceptually replicating findings from Hubbard, Harbaugh, Srivastava, Degras, and Mayr (2016) on monetary donations, results suggest that nonmonetary prosociality also increases with age. However, these differences depended on the domain of the donation. Data from two further behavioral studies (Study 2: N = 156, 18-89 years; Study 3: N = 342, 19-88 years) that were analyzed using Bayesian statistics provided evidence that older adults are not more prosocial than younger and middle-aged adults when donating a small amount of their time (in service of a donation to charity). In summary, the three studies suggest that older adults are not consistently more likely to behave prosocially than younger or middle-aged adults in nonmonetary domains. These findings point to the importance of moving research on prosociality and aging beyond financial donations and further explore the role of resources and perceived costs of prosociality. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Best
- Department of Psychology, University of Zurich
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10
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Leiva LA, Arapakis I. The Attentive Cursor Dataset. Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 14:565664. [PMID: 33304250 PMCID: PMC7701271 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.565664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Leiva
- Department of Communications and Networking, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
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11
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Human agency beliefs affect older adults' interaction behaviours and task performance when learning with computerised partners. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2019.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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12
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Sultana A, Moffatt K. Effects of Aging on Small Target Selection with Touch Input. ACM TRANSACTIONS ON ACCESSIBLE COMPUTING 2019. [DOI: 10.1145/3300178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Age-related declines in physical and cognitive function can result in target selection difficulties that hinder device operation. Previous studies have detailed the different types of target selection errors encountered, as well as how they vary with age and with input device for mouse and pen interaction. We extend this work to describe the types of age-related selection errors encountered with small touchscreen devices. Consistent with prior results, we found that older adults had longer target selection times, generated higher error rates, and encountered a broader range of selection difficulties (e.g., miss errors and slip errors) relative to a younger comparison group. However, in contrast to the patterns previously found with pen interaction, we found that miss error (i.e., both landing and lifting outside the target bounds) was a more common source of errors for older adults than slip error (i.e., landing on the target but slipping outside the target bounds before lifting). Moreover, aging influenced both miss and slip errors in our study of touch interaction, whereas for pen interaction, age has been found to influence only slip errors. These differences highlight the need to consider pen and touch interaction separately despite both being forms of direct input. Based on our findings, we discuss possible approaches for improving the accessibility of touch interaction for older adults.
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13
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Lee CC, Czaja SJ, Moxley JH, Sharit J, Boot WR, Charness N, Rogers WA. Attitudes Toward Computers Across Adulthood From 1994 to 2013. THE GERONTOLOGIST 2019; 59:22-33. [PMID: 29982458 PMCID: PMC6326256 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gny081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives Regardless of the increased deployment of technologies in everyday living domains, barriers remain that hamper technology adoption by older adults. Understanding barriers to adoption such as individual differences in attitudes toward computers is important to the design of strategies to reduce age-related digital disparities. Research Design and Methods This article reports a time-sequential analysis of data from the Edward R. Roybal Center on Human Factors and Aging Research and the Center for Research and Education on Aging and Technology Enhancement (CREATE) on computer attitudes among a large (N = 3,917), diverse sample of community-dwelling adults aged from 18 to 98 years. The data were gathered from 1994 to 2013. Results The findings indicated that there are still age disparities in attitudes; older adults report less comfort with and less efficacy about using computers than younger people. We also found a cohort (birth year) effect; attitudes are generally more positive among more recent birth cohorts. Those who have more education and experience with computers also have more positive attitudes. Males generally have more positive attitudes than females; however, the gender difference decreases with increased age. Discussion and Implications Technology affords potential benefits for older people, but lack of uptake in technology clearly puts older adults at a disadvantage in terms of negotiating today's digital world. This article provides insight into attitudinal barriers that may affect on technology uptake among older adults. The findings have implications for the design of technology training programs, design of technology systems, and policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin Chin Lee
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Florida
| | - Sara J Czaja
- Division of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York
| | - Jerad H Moxley
- Division of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York
| | - Joseph Sharit
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Miami, Florida
| | - Walter R Boot
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Florida
| | - Neil Charness
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Florida
| | - Wendy A Rogers
- Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana—Champaign, Illinois
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Zargari Marandi R, Madeleine P, Omland Ø, Vuillerme N, Samani A. Eye movement characteristics reflected fatigue development in both young and elderly individuals. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13148. [PMID: 30177693 PMCID: PMC6120880 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31577-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatigue can develop during prolonged computer work, particularly in elderly individuals. This study investigated eye movement characteristics in relation to fatigue development. Twenty young and 18 elderly healthy adults were recruited to perform a prolonged functional computer task while their eye movements were recorded. The task lasted 40 minutes involving 240 cycles divided into 12 segments. Each cycle consisted of a sequence involving memorization of a pattern, a washout period, and replication of the pattern using a computer mouse. The participants rated their perceived fatigue after each segment. The mean values of blink duration (BD) and frequency (BF), saccade duration (SCD) and peak velocity (SPV), pupil dilation range (PDR), and fixation duration (FD) along with the task performance based on clicking speed and accuracy, were computed for each task segment. An increased subjective evaluation of fatigue suggested the development of fatigue. BD, BF, and PDR increased whereas SPV and SCD decreased over time in the young and elderly groups. Longer FD, shorter SCD, and lower task performance were observed in the elderly compared with the young group. The present findings provide a viable approach to develop a computational model based on oculometrics to track fatigue development during computer work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramtin Zargari Marandi
- Sport Sciences, Department of Health Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.,Univ. Grenoble Alpes, AGEIS, Grenoble, France
| | - Pascal Madeleine
- Sport Sciences, Department of Health Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Øyvind Omland
- Sport Sciences, Department of Health Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Danish Ramazzini Center, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Nicolas Vuillerme
- Sport Sciences, Department of Health Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.,Univ. Grenoble Alpes, AGEIS, Grenoble, France.,Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Afshin Samani
- Sport Sciences, Department of Health Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.
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15
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Pitts BJ, Sarter N. What You Don't Notice Can Harm You: Age-Related Differences in Detecting Concurrent Visual, Auditory, and Tactile Cues. HUMAN FACTORS 2018; 60:445-464. [PMID: 29470102 DOI: 10.1177/0018720818759102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Objective This research sought to determine whether people can perceive and process three nonredundant (and unrelated) signals in vision, hearing, and touch at the same time and how aging and concurrent task demands affect this ability. Background Multimodal displays have been shown to improve multitasking and attention management; however, their potential limitations are not well understood. The majority of studies on multimodal information presentation have focused on the processing of only two concurrent and, most often, redundant cues by younger participants. Method Two experiments were conducted in which younger and older adults detected and responded to a series of singles, pairs, and triplets of visual, auditory, and tactile cues in the absence (Experiment 1) and presence (Experiment 2) of an ongoing simulated driving task. Detection rates, response times, and driving task performance were measured. Results Compared to younger participants, older adults showed longer response times and higher error rates in response to cues/cue combinations. Older participants often missed the tactile cue when three cues were combined. They sometimes falsely reported the presence of a visual cue when presented with a pair of auditory and tactile signals. Driving performance suffered most in the presence of cue triplets. Conclusion People are more likely to miss information if more than two concurrent nonredundant signals are presented to different sensory channels. Application The findings from this work help inform the design of multimodal displays and ensure their usefulness across different age groups and in various application domains.
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16
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Aging barriers influencing mobile health usability for older adults: A literature based framework (MOLD-US). Int J Med Inform 2018; 114:66-75. [PMID: 29673606 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2018.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the growing population of older adults as a potential user group of mHealth, the need increases for mHealth interventions to address specific aging characteristics of older adults. The existence of aging barriers to computer use is widely acknowledged. Yet, usability studies show that mHealth still fails to be appropriately designed for older adults and their expectations. To enhance designs of mHealth aimed at older adult populations, it is essential to gain insight into aging barriers that impact the usability of mHealth as experienced by these adults. OBJECTIVES This study aims to synthesize literature on aging barriers to digital (health) computer use, and explain, map and visualize these barriers in relation to the usability of mHealth by means of a framework. METHODS We performed a scoping review to synthesize and summarize reported physical and functional age barriers in relation to digital (mobile) health applications use. Aging barriers reported in the literature were mapped onto usability aspects categorized by Nielsen to explain their influence on user experience of mHealth. A framework (MOLD-US) was developed summarizing the evidence on the influence of aging barriers on mHealth use experienced by older adults. RESULTS Four key categories of aging barriers influencing usability of mHealth were identified: cognition, motivation, physical ability and perception. Effective and satisfactory use of mHealth by older adults is complicated by cognition and motivation barriers. Physical ability and perceptual barriers further increase the risk of user errors and fail to notice important interaction tasks. Complexities of medical conditions, such as diminished eye sight related to diabetes or deteriorated motor skills as a result of rheumatism, can cause errors in user interaction. CONCLUSIONS This research provides a novel framework for the exploration of aging barriers and their causes influencing mHealth usability in older adults. This framework allows for further systematic empirical testing and analysis of mHealth usability issues, as it enables results to be classified and interpreted based on impediments intrinsic to usability issues experienced by older adults. Importantly, the paper identifies a key need for future research on motivational barriers impeding mhealth use of older adults. More insights are needed in particular to disaggregating normal age related functional changes from specific medical conditions that influence experienced usefulness of mHealth by these adults.
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Ouellet É, Boller B, Corriveau-Lecavalier N, Cloutier S, Belleville S. The Virtual Shop: A new immersive virtual reality environment and scenario for the assessment of everyday memory. J Neurosci Methods 2018; 303:126-135. [PMID: 29581009 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2018.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Assessing and predicting memory performance in everyday life is a common assignment for neuropsychologists. However, most traditional neuropsychological tasks are not conceived to capture everyday memory performance. NEW METHOD The Virtual Shop is a fully immersive task developed to assess memory in a more ecological way than traditional neuropsychological assessments. Two studies were undertaken to assess the feasibility of the Virtual Shop and to appraise its ecological and construct validity. In study 1, 20 younger and 19 older adults completed the Virtual Shop task to evaluate its level of difficulty and the way the participants interacted with the VR material. The construct validity was examined with the contrasted-group method, by comparing the performance of younger and older adults. In study 2, 35 individuals with subjective cognitive decline completed the Virtual Shop task. Performance was correlated with an existing questionnaire evaluating everyday memory in order to appraise its ecological validity. To add further support to its construct validity, performance was correlated with traditional episodic memory and executive tasks. RESULTS All participants successfully completed the Virtual Shop. The task had an appropriate level of difficulty that helped differentiate younger and older adults, supporting the feasibility and construct validity of the task. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHOD(S) The performance on the Virtual Shop was significantly and moderately correlated with the performance on the questionnaire and on the traditional memory and executive tasks. CONCLUSIONS Results support the feasibility and both the ecological and construct validity of the Virtual Shop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Émilie Ouellet
- Research Center, Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, 4565 chemin Queen-Mary, Montréal, Québec, Canada, H3W 1W5; Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, 90 avenue Vincent d'Indy, Montréal, Québec, Canada, H2V 2S9.
| | - Benjamin Boller
- Research Center, Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, 4565 chemin Queen-Mary, Montréal, Québec, Canada, H3W 1W5; Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2008A Michel-Sarrazin, 3351 boulevard des Forges, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada, G8Z 4M3.
| | - Nick Corriveau-Lecavalier
- Research Center, Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, 4565 chemin Queen-Mary, Montréal, Québec, Canada, H3W 1W5; Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, 90 avenue Vincent d'Indy, Montréal, Québec, Canada, H2V 2S9.
| | - Simon Cloutier
- Research Center, Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, 4565 chemin Queen-Mary, Montréal, Québec, Canada, H3W 1W5; Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, 90 avenue Vincent d'Indy, Montréal, Québec, Canada, H2V 2S9.
| | - Sylvie Belleville
- Research Center, Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, 4565 chemin Queen-Mary, Montréal, Québec, Canada, H3W 1W5; Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, 90 avenue Vincent d'Indy, Montréal, Québec, Canada, H2V 2S9.
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Tufail M, Kim K. Effects of cursor freeze time on the performance of older adult users on mouse-related tasks. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2017; 65:175-182. [PMID: 28802437 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2017.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study determines the optimum range of cursor freeze time (CFT) for basic target acquisition tasks. The effect of five levels of CFT was measured on double-clicking, clicking, and drag-and-drop operations, along with the inconvenience perceived by users at these levels. Older adult users find these standard mouse operations challenging because of slipping and accidental cursor movement. In this study, 24 older adult participants (13 males and 11 females) performed the abovementioned tasks repeatedly across five levels of CFT (0, 200, 400, 600, and 800 ms) and rated their perceived inconvenience at each level. CFT was found to have a significant effect on the three basic target acquisition tasks as well as the inconvenience perceived by participants. Performance on the drag-and-drop task was negatively influenced when the CFT was increased from 600 to 800 ms. The analysis suggests that a CFT of 200-400 ms is the optimum range for improved performance on the tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Tufail
- Graduate School of Creative Design Engineering UNIST, 50, UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - KwanMyung Kim
- Graduate School of Creative Design Engineering UNIST, 50, UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea.
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Chen J, Or C. Assessing the use of immersive virtual reality, mouse and touchscreen in pointing and dragging-and-dropping tasks among young, middle-aged and older adults. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2017; 65:437-448. [PMID: 28395855 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2017.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed the use of an immersive virtual reality (VR), a mouse and a touchscreen for one-directional pointing, multi-directional pointing, and dragging-and-dropping tasks involving targets of smaller and larger widths by young (n = 18; 18-30 years), middle-aged (n = 18; 40-55 years) and older adults (n = 18; 65-75 years). A three-way, mixed-factorial design was used for data collection. The dependent variables were the movement time required and the error rate. Our main findings were that the participants took more time and made more errors in using the VR input interface than in using the mouse or the touchscreen. This pattern applied in all three age groups in all tasks, except for multi-directional pointing with a larger target width among the older group. Overall, older adults took longer to complete the tasks and made more errors than young or middle-aged adults. Larger target widths yielded shorter movement times and lower error rates in pointing tasks, but larger targets yielded higher rates of error in dragging-and-dropping tasks. Our study indicated that any other virtual environments that are similar to those we tested may be more suitable for displaying scenes than for manipulating objects that are small and require fine control. Although interacting with VR is relatively difficult, especially for older adults, there is still potential for older adults to adapt to that interface. Furthermore, adjusting the width of objects according to the type of manipulation required might be an effective way to promote performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayin Chen
- Department of Industrial & Manufacturing Systems Engineering, 8/f., Haking Wong Building, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Calvin Or
- Department of Industrial & Manufacturing Systems Engineering, 8/f., Haking Wong Building, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Krehbiel LM, Kang N, Cauraugh JH. Age-related differences in bimanual movements: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Exp Gerontol 2017; 98:199-206. [PMID: 28890358 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With increasing age motor functions decline. The additional challenges of executing bimanual movements further hinder motor functions in older adults. The current systematic review and meta-analysis determined the effects of healthy aging on performance in bimanual movements as compared to younger adults. METHODS Our comprehensive search identified 27 studies that reported bimanual movement performance measures. Each study included a between groups comparison of older (mean age=68.79years) and younger adults (mean age=23.14years). The 27 qualified studies generated 40 total outcome measure comparisons: (a) accuracy: 18, (b) variability: 14, and (c) movement time: eight. RESULTS Our meta-analysis conducted on a random effects model identified a relatively large negative standardized mean difference effect (ES=-0.93). This indicates that older adults exhibited more impaired bimanual movement performance in comparison to younger adults in our group of studies. Specifically, a moderator variable analysis revealed large negative effects in both accuracy (ES=-0.94) and variability (ES=-1.00), as well as a moderate negative effect (ES=-0.71) for movement time. These findings indicate that older adults displayed reduced accuracy, greater variability, and longer execution time when executing bimanual movements. CONCLUSION These meta-analytic findings revealed that aging impairs bimanual movement performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Krehbiel
- Motor Behavior Laboratory, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Nyeonju Kang
- Laboratory for Rehabilitation Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; Division of Sport Science, Incheon National University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - James H Cauraugh
- Motor Behavior Laboratory, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
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Maes C, Gooijers J, Orban de Xivry JJ, Swinnen SP, Boisgontier MP. Two hands, one brain, and aging. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 75:234-256. [PMID: 28188888 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.01.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Many activities of daily living require moving both hands in an organized manner in space and time. Therefore, understanding the impact of aging on bimanual coordination is essential for prolonging functional independence and well-being in older adults. Here we investigated the behavioral and neural determinants of bimanual coordination in aging. The studies surveyed in this review reveal that aging is associated with cortical hyper-activity (but also subcortical hypo-activity) during performance of bimanual tasks. In addition to changes in activation in local areas, the interaction between distributed brain areas also exhibits age-related effects, i.e., functional connectivity is increased in the resting brain as well as during task performance. The mechanisms and triggers underlying these functional activation and connectivity changes remain to be investigated. This requires further research investment into the detailed study of interactions between brain structure, function and connectivity. This will also provide the foundation for interventional research programs towards preservation of brain health and behavioral performance by maximizing neuroplasticity potential in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celine Maes
- KU Leuven, Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, Group Biomedical Sciences, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jolien Gooijers
- KU Leuven, Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, Group Biomedical Sciences, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jean-Jacques Orban de Xivry
- KU Leuven, Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, Group Biomedical Sciences, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stephan P Swinnen
- KU Leuven, Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, Group Biomedical Sciences, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven, Leuven Research Institute for Neuroscience & Disease (LIND), 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Matthieu P Boisgontier
- KU Leuven, Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, Group Biomedical Sciences, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
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22
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Analyzing spatial data from mouse tracker methodology: An entropic approach. Behav Res Methods 2017; 49:2012-2030. [DOI: 10.3758/s13428-016-0839-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Exergaming: Meaningful Play for Older Adults? HUMAN ASPECTS OF IT FOR THE AGED POPULATION. APPLICATIONS, SERVICES AND CONTEXTS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-58536-9_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Jastrzembski T, Charness N, Holley P, Feddon J. Aging and Input Devices: Voice Recognition Performance is Slower Yet More Acceptable than a Lightpen. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/154193120504900204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Microcomputers are ubiquitous to modern society, yet older adults consistently perform more poorly than younger counterparts using standard input devices (e.g. a mouse). Prior research has revealed that direct positioning devices (e.g. light pen), minimize age differences and enable quick transfer to the non-preferred hand. This study investigates whether speech recognition may also reduce age-related declines and enhance performance of older adults in target selection tasks. Twenty-four participants ages 20–26 (M = 21.7), twenty-four participants ages 44-55 (M = 48.9), and twenty-four participants ages 65–78 (M = 70.4) were asked to select a specified target using either a light pen or speech recognition software (IBM's ViaVoice). Results revealed no age effects for type of device, but response times for target acquisition were approximately 2178 ms longer for speech recognition than the direct positioning device, and preference ratings were higher using speech as input versus the lightpen. Implications are discussed.
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Abstract
A sample of 85 seniors was given experience (10 trials) playing two computer tasks using four input devices (touch screen, enlarged mouse [EZ Ball], mouse, and touch pad). Performance measures assessed both accuracy and time to complete components of the game for these devices. As well, participants completed a survey where they evaluated each of the devices. Seniors also completed a series of measures assessing visual memory, visual perception, motor coordination, and motor dexterity. Overall, previous experience with computers had a significant impact on the type of device that yielded the highest accuracy and speed performance, with different devices yielding better performance for novices versus experienced computer users. Regression analyses indicated that the mouse was the most demanding device in terms of the cognitive and motor-demand measures. Discussion centers on the relative benefits and perceptions regarding these devices among senior populations.
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Marchant TD, Tiernan TM, Mann WC. Computer Accessibility Issues for Older Adults with Disabilities: A Pilot Study. OTJR-OCCUPATION PARTICIPATION AND HEALTH 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/153944920502500203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The number of adults older than 65 years is expected to increase dramatically during the next 30 years. Older adults have been described as one of the fastest growing groups of computer users, and have been shown to uniquely benefit from computer use. Given their increased susceptibility toward disabling conditions and age-related decline, older adults often face challenges regarding computer use and accessibility. The purpose of this pilot study was to explore computer use and accessibility issues of older adults with disabilities, focusing on relationships between workstation, performance, satisfaction, and self-reported pain. A sample of 32 older adults with disabilities who owned and used a personal computer were interviewed in their homes and observed during performance of a familiar computer task. Their computer workstations were also assessed for adherence to ergonomic principles. Satisfaction with their computer ability was found to be positively correlated with workstation design, their perception of the importance of a computer, duration of use per week, and participants' perception of performance. No significant differences were found between older adults who did and did not report pain associated with computer use. Results suggest that older adults with disabilities are using computers for many tasks, consider their computers important, perceive their performance as relatively good, and are generally satisfied with their ability to use their computer. There is a need for further research examining the correlates of older adults' satisfaction with their ability to use their computer.
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Kosowicz M, MacPherson SE. Improving multitasking assessment in healthy older adults using a prop-based version of the Breakfast task. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY-ADULT 2016; 24:252-263. [PMID: 27088449 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2015.1136310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Computerized cognitive assessment is becoming increasingly more common in clinical neuropsychological assessment and cognitive neuropsychological research. A number of computerized tasks now exist to assess multitasking abilities that are essential for everyday tasks such as cooking, shopping, or driving, but little is known about whether these tasks are appropriate for assessing older adults' multitasking. The present study directly compared age effects on multitasking when assessed using a computerized and a prop-based version of Craik and Bialystok's ( 2006 ) Breakfast task. Twenty participants aged 18 to 24 years and 20 participants aged 60 to 79 years were assessed on both versions of the Breakfast task. While age-related decrements in multitasking performance were found using the computerized task, significant age differences were not found on the majority of measures when the prop-based version was administered. The results suggest that age-related deficits in multitasking will be less when more contextualized, noncomputer based tasks are used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kosowicz
- a Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Human Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology , University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , UK
| | - Sarah E MacPherson
- a Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Human Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology , University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , UK
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Abstract
Dependence on touch-screen devices is becoming unavoidable as the technology grows in ubiquity in commonly used devices such as smartphones, tablets, and ATMs. Unfortunately, when designing these devices, too little attention is paid to a large and growing portion of the population: older adults. Because many older adults find touch screens to be highly appealing and useful, it is important to strengthen the focus on the older user. Toward that end, this article synthesizes the relevant research to provide design guidelines on touch screens for the elderly. The guidelines include such considerations as gestures, element sizes, complexity, and feedback.
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Sonderegger A, Schmutz S, Sauer J. The influence of age in usability testing. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2016; 52:291-300. [PMID: 26360221 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2015.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2014] [Revised: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The effects of age in usability testing were examined in an experiment. Sixty users from two age groups (M = 23.0 yrs, M = 58.1 yrs) operated two technical devices (keyboard-based and touchscreen-based smartphones). In addition to various performance measures (e.g. task completion time, task completion rate), several subjective measures were taken (e.g. perceived usability, affect, and workload). The results showed better performance scores for younger adults than older adults for task completion time. For older adult users there was a mismatch between usability ratings and task completion time but not between usability ratings and task completion rate. Age-related differences in the importance of speed and accuracy in task completion point to the need to consider more strongly the factor user age in usability research and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sven Schmutz
- Department of Psychology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Juergen Sauer
- Department of Psychology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
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Lee B, Lee M, Yoh MS, You H, Park H, Jung K, Lee BH, Na DL, Kim GH. The Effects of Age, Gender, and Hand on Force Control Capabilities of Healthy Adults. HUMAN FACTORS 2015; 57:1348-1358. [PMID: 26282190 DOI: 10.1177/0018720815599284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study examined the effects of age (20s to 70s), gender (male and female), and hand (dominant and nondominant) on force control capabilities (FCCs) in four force control phases (initiation, development, maintenance, and termination). BACKGROUND Normative data of FCCs by force control phase are needed for various populations in age and gender to identify a type of motor performance reduction and its severity. METHOD FCCs of 360 participants (30 for each combination of age group and gender) were measured using a finger dynamometer and quantified in terms of initiation time (IT), development time (DT), maintenance error (ME), and termination time (TT). RESULTS Although gradual increases (1%~28%) by age were shown in IT, DT, and TT, a dramatic increase in ME was observed among participants in their 50s (26%), 60s (68%), and 70s (160%) compared to those in their 20s~40s. The most distinctive interaction effect of age and gender was found in ME out of the four FCC measures. Lastly, hand and its related interactions were not found significant. CONCLUSION Normative FCC data were established for four age groups (20s~40s, 50s, 60s, and 70s) and gender. APPLICATION The normative FCC data can be used for evaluating an individual's motor performance, screening patients with brain disorders, and designing input devices triggered and/or operated by the finger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baekhee Lee
- Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, South KoreaLG Electronics, Seoul, South KoreaUniversity of Ulsan, Ulsan, South KoreaSungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South KoreaEwha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mina Lee
- Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, South KoreaLG Electronics, Seoul, South KoreaUniversity of Ulsan, Ulsan, South KoreaSungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South KoreaEwha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Myeung Sook Yoh
- Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, South KoreaLG Electronics, Seoul, South KoreaUniversity of Ulsan, Ulsan, South KoreaSungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South KoreaEwha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Heecheon You
- Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, South Korea
| | | | | | - Byung Hwa Lee
- Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, South KoreaLG Electronics, Seoul, South KoreaUniversity of Ulsan, Ulsan, South KoreaSungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South KoreaEwha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Duk L Na
- Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Geon Ha Kim
- Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
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Jarrahi B, Wanek J, Mehnert U, Kollias S. An fMRI-compatible multi-configurable handheld response system using an intensity-modulated fiber-optic sensor. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2015; 2013:6349-52. [PMID: 24111193 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2013.6611006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data should be interpreted in combination and in the context of relevant behavioral measurements. However, the strong magnetic environment of MRI scanner and the supine position of participants in the scanner significantly limit how participants' behavioral responses are recorded. This paper presents the design of a low-cost handheld response system (HRS) with a multi-configurable optomechanical design that utilizes a reflective-type intensity modulated fiber-optic sensor (FOS) and a programmable visual interface to accurately gather participants' behavioral responses during an fMRI experiment. Considering the effects of an input unit design on the participants' performance efficiency across age groups and physical and neurological (dis)ability, the optomechanical system is designed to provide flexibility in the range of an input module with easy change-out feature. Specifically, the input unit can be configured as a binary module such as push buttons or as an analog input device including a scrolling wheel, and one-dimensional joystick (lever arm). To achieve MRI-compatibility, all parts of the unit that are used inside the scanner bore are built from nonferromagnetic and off-the-shelf plastic materials. The MRI compatibility was evaluated on a 3.0 Tesla MRI scanner running echo planar imaging (EPI) and the average time-variant signal-to-noise ratio (tSNR) loss is limited to 2%.
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32
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Gao Q, Sun Q. Examining the Usability of Touch Screen Gestures for Older and Younger Adults. HUMAN FACTORS 2015; 57:835-863. [PMID: 25957042 DOI: 10.1177/0018720815581293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examined the usability issues associated with four touch screen gestures (clicking, dragging, zooming, and rotating) among older and younger users. BACKGROUND It is especially important to accommodate older users' characteristics to ensure the accessibility of information and services that are important to their quality of life. METHOD Forty older and 40 younger participants completed four experiments, each of which focused on one gesture. The effects of age, type of touch screen (surface acoustic wave vs. optical), inclination angle (30°, 45°, 60°, and 75°), and user interface factors (clicking: button size and spacing; dragging: dragging direction and distance; zooming: design of zooming gesture; rotating: design of rotating gesture) on user performance and satisfaction were examined. RESULTS Button sizes that are larger than 15.9 × 9.0 mm led to better performance and higher satisfaction. The effect of spacing was significant only when the button size was notably small or large. Rightward and downward dragging were preferred to leftward and upward dragging, respectively. The younger participants favored direct manipulation gestures using multiple fingers, whereas the older participants preferred the click-to design. The older participants working with large inclination angles of 60° to 75° reported a higher level of satisfaction than the older participants working with smaller angles. CONCLUSION We proposed a set of design guidelines for touch screen user interfaces and discussed implications for the selection of appropriate technology and the configuration of the workspace. APPLICATION The implications are useful for the design of large touch screen applications, such as desktop computers, information kiosks, and health care support systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Gao
- Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiqi Sun
- Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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Abstract
Medication adherence plays an important role in optimizing the outcomes of many treatment and preventive regimens in chronic illness. Self-report is the most common method for assessing adherence behavior in research and clinical care, but there are questions about its validity and precision. The NIH Adherence Network assembled a panel of adherence research experts working across various chronic illnesses to review self-report medication adherence measures and research on their validity. Self-report medication adherence measures vary substantially in their question phrasing, recall periods, and response items. Self-reports tend to overestimate adherence behavior compared with other assessment methods and generally have high specificity but low sensitivity. Most evidence indicates that self-report adherence measures show moderate correspondence to other adherence measures and can significantly predict clinical outcomes. The quality of self-report adherence measures may be enhanced through efforts to use validated scales, assess the proper construct, improve estimation, facilitate recall, reduce social desirability bias, and employ technologic delivery. Self-report medication adherence measures can provide actionable information despite their limitations. They are preferred when speed, efficiency, and low-cost measures are required, as is often the case in clinical care.
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Joe J, Chaudhuri S, Le T, Thompson H, Demiris G. The use of think-aloud and instant data analysis in evaluation research: Exemplar and lessons learned. J Biomed Inform 2015; 56:284-91. [PMID: 26071683 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbi.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
While health information technologies have become increasingly popular, many have not been formally tested to ascertain their usability. Traditional rigorous methods take significant amounts of time and manpower to evaluate the usability of a system. In this paper, we evaluate the use of instant data analysis (IDA) as developed by Kjeldskov et al. to perform usability testing on a tool designed for older adults and caregivers. The IDA method is attractive because it takes significantly less time and manpower than the traditional usability testing methods. In this paper we demonstrate how IDA was used to evaluate usability of a multifunctional wellness tool, discuss study results and lessons learned while using this method. We also present findings from an extension of the method which allows the grouping of similar usability problems in an efficient manner. We found that the IDA method is a quick, relatively easy approach to identifying and ranking usability issues among health information technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Joe
- Biomedical and Health Informatics, University of Washington, Box SLU-BIME 358047, 850 Republican St, Building C, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
| | - Shomir Chaudhuri
- Biomedical and Health Informatics, University of Washington, Box SLU-BIME 358047, 850 Republican St, Building C, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Thai Le
- Biomedical and Health Informatics, University of Washington, Box SLU-BIME 358047, 850 Republican St, Building C, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Hilaire Thompson
- School of Nursing, University of Washington, Box 357266, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195-7240, USA
| | - George Demiris
- Biomedical and Health Informatics, University of Washington, Box SLU-BIME 358047, 850 Republican St, Building C, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; School of Nursing, University of Washington, Box 357266, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195-7240, USA
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Wittich W, Southall K, Johnson A. Usability of assistive listening devices by older adults with low vision. Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol 2015; 11:564-71. [PMID: 25945610 DOI: 10.3109/17483107.2015.1042076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study examines the performance of individuals with both hearing and vision loss when using assistive listening devices. METHODS Older adults (age 60-100) with low vision only (n = 23), combined vision and hearing loss (n = 25) and a control group (n = 12) were asked to assemble a pocket talker, and operate a talking clock and an amplified telephone. They either received minimal or no instruction. Success at using the devices properly, as well as performance speed, was recorded. RESULTS The proportion of individuals with sensory loss that was able to complete our naturalistic tasks without mistakes ranged from 20% to 95%, depending on the device, the task complexity and the instruction provided. Both instruction as well as simple repetition had statistically significant and separate beneficial effects; however, neither was able to bring success to 100% on any device. Speed and task success were linked in an intuitive way, whereby individuals who succeeded at a task also performed it faster. CONCLUSIONS Even minimal explanation during the introduction of assistive listening devices to persons with low vision facilitates user success. Device visibility, cognitive and motor complexity of the task, as well as manual dexterity warrant further investigation as potential barriers to device use. Implications for Rehabilitation Hearing rehabilitation with individuals affected by vision loss requires additional attention and time to accommodate challenges with visibility and task complexity. Even minimal rehabilitation interventions can improve success and speed of device use. Repetition (practice) and instruction (strategy) have independent beneficial effects on device use. Dexterity, visibility, hand-eye-coordination, task complexity and cognitive ability need to be considered when assigning assistive devices for older adults with vision and/or hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Wittich
- a School of Optometry, University of Montreal , Montreal , Quebec , Canada .,b MAB-Mackay Rehabilitation Centre , Montreal , Canada .,c Centre de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Réadaptation du Montréal Métropolitaine , Montreal , Canada .,d Department of Psychology , Concordia University , Quebec , Canada , and
| | - Kenneth Southall
- c Centre de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Réadaptation du Montréal Métropolitaine , Montreal , Canada .,e School of Social Work, McGill University , Quebec , Canada
| | - Aaron Johnson
- c Centre de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Réadaptation du Montréal Métropolitaine , Montreal , Canada .,d Department of Psychology , Concordia University , Quebec , Canada , and
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Neger TM, Rietveld T, Janse E. Relationship between perceptual learning in speech and statistical learning in younger and older adults. Front Hum Neurosci 2014; 8:628. [PMID: 25225475 PMCID: PMC4150448 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Within a few sentences, listeners learn to understand severely degraded speech such as noise-vocoded speech. However, individuals vary in the amount of such perceptual learning and it is unclear what underlies these differences. The present study investigates whether perceptual learning in speech relates to statistical learning, as sensitivity to probabilistic information may aid identification of relevant cues in novel speech input. If statistical learning and perceptual learning (partly) draw on the same general mechanisms, then statistical learning in a non-auditory modality using non-linguistic sequences should predict adaptation to degraded speech. In the present study, 73 older adults (aged over 60 years) and 60 younger adults (aged between 18 and 30 years) performed a visual artificial grammar learning task and were presented with 60 meaningful noise-vocoded sentences in an auditory recall task. Within age groups, sentence recognition performance over exposure was analyzed as a function of statistical learning performance, and other variables that may predict learning (i.e., hearing, vocabulary, attention switching control, working memory, and processing speed). Younger and older adults showed similar amounts of perceptual learning, but only younger adults showed significant statistical learning. In older adults, improvement in understanding noise-vocoded speech was constrained by age. In younger adults, amount of adaptation was associated with lexical knowledge and with statistical learning ability. Thus, individual differences in general cognitive abilities explain listeners' variability in adapting to noise-vocoded speech. Results suggest that perceptual and statistical learning share mechanisms of implicit regularity detection, but that the ability to detect statistical regularities is impaired in older adults if visual sequences are presented quickly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thordis M Neger
- Centre for Language Studies, Radboud University Nijmegen Nijmegen, Netherlands ; International Max Planck Research School for Language Sciences Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Toni Rietveld
- Centre for Language Studies, Radboud University Nijmegen Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Esther Janse
- Centre for Language Studies, Radboud University Nijmegen Nijmegen, Netherlands ; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen Nijmegen, Netherlands
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Liu G, Chen DD, Qin C, Chan JSY, Peng K, Yan JH. Visuomotor Control in Continuous Response Time Tasks across Different Age Groups. Percept Mot Skills 2014; 119:169-82. [DOI: 10.2466/25.10.pms.119c13z8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The goal was to examine whether visuomotor control and choice response time shared age-related developmental trajectories, and if prior computer experience played an important role in control processes. Children (6–7, 8–9, 10–11 yr.), younger adults (24 yr.) and older adults (76 yr.) performed the cursor pointing and choice response time (CRT) tasks with a computer mouse. Participants moved the mouse cursor back and forth to click two targets on the screen as fast and accurately as possible. In the CRT, based on visual stimuli, participants moved and clicked one of the three targets on the screen as fast and accurately as possible; the time between stimulus onset and clicking the correct target was recorded as the choice response time. Visuomotor performance increased with age to younger adulthood but was worse in the older adult group. CRT performance was also positively related to age among the groups of children, with scores leveling off in the young adult group. Computer experience was statistically significantly related only to visuomotor control, but not to CRT. Optimal CRT performance required only sub-optimal visuomotor control. Cognitive and sensory age declines may be related to the poorer CRT performance in the oldest age group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanmin Liu
- Department of Psychology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - David D. Chen
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University Fullerton, California, USA
| | - Chunbo Qin
- Department of Sports, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - John S. Y. Chan
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kaiping Peng
- Department of Psychology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jin H. Yan
- Institute of Affective & Social Neuroscience, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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Harte RP, Glynn LG, Broderick BJ, Rodriguez-Molinero A, Baker PMA, McGuiness B, O'Sullivan L, Diaz M, Quinlan LR, ÓLaighin G. Human centred design considerations for connected health devices for the older adult. J Pers Med 2014; 4:245-81. [PMID: 25563225 PMCID: PMC4263975 DOI: 10.3390/jpm4020245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Revised: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Connected health devices are generally designed for unsupervised use, by non-healthcare professionals, facilitating independent control of the individuals own healthcare. Older adults are major users of such devices and are a population significantly increasing in size. This group presents challenges due to the wide spectrum of capabilities and attitudes towards technology. The fit between capabilities of the user and demands of the device can be optimised in a process called Human Centred Design. Here we review examples of some connected health devices chosen by random selection, assess older adult known capabilities and attitudes and finally make analytical recommendations for design approaches and design specifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard P Harte
- School of Engineering and Informatics, Department Electrical & Electronic Engineering, NUI Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland.
| | - Liam G Glynn
- Galway Connected Health, NUI Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland.
| | - Barry J Broderick
- School of Engineering and Informatics, Department Electrical & Electronic Engineering, NUI Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland.
| | - Alejandro Rodriguez-Molinero
- School of Engineering and Informatics, Department Electrical & Electronic Engineering, NUI Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland.
| | - Paul M A Baker
- Centre for 21st Century Universities, (C21U) Georgia Institute of Technology, 760 Spring Street Atlanta, GA 30331-0210, USA.
| | | | - Leonard O'Sullivan
- Enterprise Research Centre, University of Limerick, Castletroy, Limerick, Ireland.
| | - Marta Diaz
- Technical Research Centre for Dependency Care and Autonomous Living, Neàpolis Rambla de l'Exposició, 59-69 08800 Vilanova i la Geltrú, Spain.
| | - Leo R Quinlan
- Physiology, School of Medicine, NUI, Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland.
| | - Gearóid ÓLaighin
- School of Engineering and Informatics, Department Electrical & Electronic Engineering, NUI Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland.
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Hwang F, Hollinworth N, Williams N. Effects of Target Expansion on Selection Performance in Older Computer Users. ACM TRANSACTIONS ON ACCESSIBLE COMPUTING 2013. [DOI: 10.1145/2514848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Point and click interactions using a mouse are an integral part of computer use for current desktop systems. Compared with younger users though, older adults experience greater difficulties performing cursor positioning tasks, and this can present limitations to using a computer easily and effectively. Target expansion is a technique for improving pointing performance where the target grows dynamically as the cursor approaches. This has the advantage that targets conserve screen real estate in their unexpanded state, yet can still provide the benefits of a larger area to click on. This article presents two studies of target expansion with older and younger participants, involving multidirectional point-select tasks with a computer mouse. Study 1 compares static versus expanding targets, and Study 2 compares static targets with three alternative techniques for expansion. Results show that expansion can improve times by up to 14%, and reduce error rates by up to 50%. Additionally, expanding targets are beneficial even when the expansion happens late in the movement, that is, after the cursor has reached the expanded target area or even after it has reached the original target area. The participants’ subjective feedback on the target expansion are generally favorable, and this lends further support for the technique.
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40
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Strickler Z, Lin C, Rauh C, Neafsey P. Educating older adults to avoid harmful self-medication. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1179/cih.2008.1.1.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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41
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Bennett-Kapusniak R. Older Adults and the Public Library: The Impact of the Boomer Generation. PUBLIC LIBRARY QUARTERLY 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/01616846.2013.818814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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42
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Cheong Y, Shehab RL, Ling C. Effects of age and psychomotor ability on kinematics of mouse-mediated aiming movement. ERGONOMICS 2013; 56:1006-1020. [PMID: 23586659 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2013.781682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The objective of this research is to understand the influence of age and age-related psychomotor ability on the process of mouse-mediated aiming movement. It is premised on the notions that (1) mouse-mediated aiming movements can be better understood via studying its kinematics and (2) age is a surrogate variable in kinematic differences, and that age-influenced fundamental factors such as psychomotor ability may have a more direct effect. As expected, age kinematic differences were detected. However, when comparing with age, age-influenced psychomotor ability (i.e. manual dexterity) contributed more substantially to the variances of kinematics in the ballistic phase. For homing phase, in addition to manual dexterity, age-influenced wrist-finger speed was also a significant contributor. In future studies, it is suggested that components of visual processing should be included for better understanding of its role as an age-influenced fundamental ability in aiming movements. Applications of this research are discussed. PRACTITIONER SUMMARY This paper presents empirical data showing age effects in movement kinematics are chiefly mediated by age-related changes in psychomotor ability. Our findings provide additional data for existing and newer performance enhancement solutions, especially for those targeting older adults.
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Wu CF, Lai CC, Liu YK. Investigation of the performance of trackpoint and touchpads with varied right and left buttons function locations. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2013; 44:312-320. [PMID: 23036721 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2012.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2011] [Revised: 08/09/2012] [Accepted: 08/26/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the relationships of the following 5 factors with commonly-used task patterns: 4 (2 existing and 2 newly-designed) built-in cursor input devices of notebook PCs, usage experiences, genders, sensitivity of cursor movements, and 5 tasks of input applications (including click, drag-drop, click-select, select-drag-drop, and type-select-click). This experiment reveals that there are significant differences among these factors in the operating times and/or error rates of particular tasks. Although somewhat influenced by the task patterns, the results show that the touchpad with the cursor-tracking pad located on the bottom-center and the right and left buttons on the bottom-left beneath the keyboard, which avoids ulnar and radial deviation and hindrance of text-entry-pointer-manipulation switching, leads to higher performance and preference, while the trackpoint leads to lower performance and preference. In addition, the touchpads with sensitivity values of 10 and 12 for cursor movement are preferred over those with the value of 8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Fu Wu
- Institute of Design Science, Tatung University, No. 40, Sec. 3, Zhongshan N. Rd., Taipei 104, Taiwan
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Ng HC, Tao D, Or CKL. Age Differences in Computer Input Device Use: A Comparison of Touchscreen, Trackball, and Mouse. ADVANCES IN INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS AND COMPUTING 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-36981-0_96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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45
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Whitlock LA, McLaughlin AC. Identifying Usability Problems of Blood Glucose Tracking Apps for Older Adult Users. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1177/1071181312561001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Almost two-thirds of adults aged 65 and older in the United States are affected by diabetes or prediabetes (Cowie et al., 2009), and the health consequences of poor glycemic control are severe. Blood glucose tracking applications for mobile devices have the potential to help improve glycemic control but design issues may limit their use by older adults. We examined the usability of three existing blood glucose tracking applications via hierarchical task analysis and heuristic evaluation of their graph displays, and describe the problems we found and their implications for older users. We propose the inclusion of decision aids in the apps to better inform users’ health-based behavior.
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46
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Han YS, Choi JK, HwangBo H, Go SM, Yoon SH, Ji YG. A Study on Elderly for Improvement of Usability on Smartphone. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.7838/jsebs.2012.17.1.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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47
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Lee D, Kwon S, Chung MK. Effects of user age and target-expansion methods on target-acquisition tasks using a mouse. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2012; 43:166-175. [PMID: 21658676 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2011.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2010] [Revised: 04/12/2011] [Accepted: 04/25/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Target expansion, i.e., the increase of target size according to cursor movement, can be a practical scheme to improve the usability of target-selection tasks using a mouse. This study examined the effects of different user age groups and target-expansion methods on target-acquisition tasks with grouped icons. Twenty-eight subjects performed acquisition tasks under eight experimental conditions: combinations of four expansion areas (no, one-icon, fish-eye, and group expansion) and two expansion techniques (occlusion and push). Older users took longer to acquire targets than younger users; however, they showed no significant difference in accuracy. Target expansion did not substantially improve performance speed compared to the static condition. However, the error rate was lowest when group area was expanded with the push technique, and both age groups were most satisfied with one-icon area expansion with the occlusion technique. We suggest alternative guidelines in designing target-expansion schemes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghun Lee
- Department of Industrial & Management Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), San 31, Hyoja, Pohang, 790-784, South Korea.
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48
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Of Age Effects and the Role of Psychomotor Abilities and Practice when Using Interaction Devices. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1201/ebk1439835012-c78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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49
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Abstract
Hands-free speech-based technology can be a useful alternative for individuals that find traditional input devices, such as keyboard and mouse, difficult to use. Various speech-based navigation techniques have been examined, and several are available in commercial software applications. Among these alternatives, grid-based navigation has demonstrated both potential and limitations. In this article, we discuss an empirical study that assessed the efficacy of two enhancements to grid-based navigation: magnification and fine-tuning. The magnification capability enlarges the selected region when it becomes sufficiently small, making it easier to see the target and cursor. The fine-tuning capability allows users to move the cursor short distances to position the cursor over the target. The study involved one group of participants with physical disabilities, an age-matched group of participants without disabilities, and a third group that included young adults without disabilities. The results confirm that both magnification and fine-tuning significantly improved the participants’ performance when selecting targets, especially small targets. Providing either, or both, of the proposed enhancements substantially reduced the gaps in performance due to disability and age. The results will inform the design of speech-based target selection mechanism, allowing users to select targets faster while making fewer errors.
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Wetton MA, Horswill MS, Hatherly C, Wood JM, Pachana NA, Anstey KJ. The development and validation of two complementary measures of drivers' hazard perception ability. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2010; 42:1232-1239. [PMID: 20441837 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2010.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2009] [Revised: 12/18/2009] [Accepted: 01/27/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Hazard perception in driving involves a number of different processes. This paper reports the development of two measures designed to separate these processes. A Hazard Perception Test was developed to measure how quickly drivers could anticipate hazards overall, incorporating detection, trajectory prediction, and hazard classification judgements. A Hazard Change Detection Task was developed to measure how quickly drivers can detect a hazard in a static image regardless of whether they consider it hazardous or not. For the Hazard Perception Test, young novices were slower than mid-age experienced drivers, consistent with differences in crash risk, and test performance correlated with scores in pre-existing Hazard Perception Tests. For drivers aged 65 and over, scores on the Hazard Perception Test declined with age and correlated with both contrast sensitivity and a Useful Field of View measure. For the Hazard Change Detection Task, novices responded quicker than the experienced drivers, contrary to crash risk trends, and test performance did not correlate with measures of overall hazard perception. However for drivers aged 65 and over, test performance declined with age and correlated with both hazard perception and Useful Field of View. Overall we concluded that there was support for the validity of the Hazard Perception Test for all ages but the Hazard Change Detection Task might only be appropriate for use with older drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Wetton
- School of Psychology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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