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Macedo AG, Massini DA, Almeida TAF, dos Reis LM, Galdino G, Santos ATS, da Silva Júnior OT, Venditti Júnior R, Pessôa Filho DM. Effects of Resistance Exercise with and without Blood Flow Restriction on Acute Hemodynamic Responses: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:826. [PMID: 39063580 PMCID: PMC11277576 DOI: 10.3390/life14070826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Low-load intensity resistance exercise with blood flow restriction (BFR) is an alternative method for enhancing strength and muscle mass. However, acute cardiovascular responses to a complete training session remain uncertain compared to high-load intensity resistance exercise (HI). Therefore, the objective of this study to examine acute and post-exercise hemodynamic responses to low-load BFR and HI protocols. This systematic review and meta-analysis (RD42022308697) followed PRISMA guidelines to investigate whether the responses of heart rate (HR), blood systolic (SBP), blood diastolic pressure (DBP), and rate pressure product (RPP) immediately after and up to 60 min post-exercise from BFR were consistent with those reported after resistance exercises performed at HI in healthy individuals. Searches using PICO descriptors were conducted in databases from January 2011 to December 2023, and effect sizes were determined by Hedge's g. The selected studies involved 160 participants in nine articles, for which the responses immediately after BFR and HI exercises showed no differences in HR (p = 0.23) or SBP (p = 0.57), but significantly higher DBP (p < 0.01) and lower RPP (p < 0.01) responses were found when comparing BFR to HI. Furthermore, the BFR and HI protocols showed no differences regarding SBP (p = 0.21) or DBP (p = 0.68) responses during a 15 to 60 min post-exercise period. Thus, these results indicated that hemodynamic responses are similar between BFR and HI, with a similar hypotensive effect up to 60 min following exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderson Geremias Macedo
- Institute of Motricity Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas (UNIFAL), Alfenas 37133-840, MG, Brazil; (A.G.M.); (L.M.d.R.); (G.G.); (A.T.S.S.)
- Pos-Graduation Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Institute of Motricity Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Santa Clara Campus, Alfenas 37133-840, MG, Brazil
- Graduate Programe in Human Development and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro 13506-900, SP, Brazil; (O.T.d.S.J.); (R.V.J.)
| | - Danilo Alexandre Massini
- Department of Physical Education, School of Sciences (FC), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru 17033-360, SP, Brazil; (D.A.M.); (T.A.F.A.)
| | - Tiago André Freire Almeida
- Department of Physical Education, School of Sciences (FC), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru 17033-360, SP, Brazil; (D.A.M.); (T.A.F.A.)
| | - Luciana Maria dos Reis
- Institute of Motricity Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas (UNIFAL), Alfenas 37133-840, MG, Brazil; (A.G.M.); (L.M.d.R.); (G.G.); (A.T.S.S.)
- Pos-Graduation Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Institute of Motricity Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Santa Clara Campus, Alfenas 37133-840, MG, Brazil
| | - Giovane Galdino
- Institute of Motricity Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas (UNIFAL), Alfenas 37133-840, MG, Brazil; (A.G.M.); (L.M.d.R.); (G.G.); (A.T.S.S.)
- Pos-Graduation Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Institute of Motricity Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Santa Clara Campus, Alfenas 37133-840, MG, Brazil
| | - Adriana Teresa Silva Santos
- Institute of Motricity Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas (UNIFAL), Alfenas 37133-840, MG, Brazil; (A.G.M.); (L.M.d.R.); (G.G.); (A.T.S.S.)
- Pos-Graduation Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Institute of Motricity Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Santa Clara Campus, Alfenas 37133-840, MG, Brazil
| | - Osvaldo Tadeu da Silva Júnior
- Graduate Programe in Human Development and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro 13506-900, SP, Brazil; (O.T.d.S.J.); (R.V.J.)
| | - Rubens Venditti Júnior
- Graduate Programe in Human Development and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro 13506-900, SP, Brazil; (O.T.d.S.J.); (R.V.J.)
- Department of Physical Education, School of Sciences (FC), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru 17033-360, SP, Brazil; (D.A.M.); (T.A.F.A.)
| | - Dalton Muller Pessôa Filho
- Graduate Programe in Human Development and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro 13506-900, SP, Brazil; (O.T.d.S.J.); (R.V.J.)
- Department of Physical Education, School of Sciences (FC), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru 17033-360, SP, Brazil; (D.A.M.); (T.A.F.A.)
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Soltani M, Sarvestan A, Hoseinzadeh F, Ahmadizad S, Kingsley JD. The effects of type of recovery in resistance exercise on responses of platelet indices and hemodynamic variables. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0290076. [PMID: 37595001 PMCID: PMC10437857 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
To examine the effects of two different volume-matched resistance exercise (RE) recovery protocols (passive and active) on platelet indices and hemodynamic variables. Twelve Healthy participants (mean ± SD; 25 ± 3 yrs) completed a traditional resistance exercise (TRE) protocol that included three sets of six repetitions at 80% one repetition maximum (1RM) with two minutes passive recovery between sets, exercises and an interval resistance exercise (IRE) protocol that included three sets of six repetitions at 60%1RM followed by active recovery including six repetitions of the same exercise at 20%1RM. Blood samples for multiple platelet indices were taken before the protocols, immediately-post (IP), and after 1-hour recovery. Hemodynamic variables were measured before, IP, and every five minutes during recovery. Mean platelet volume and platelet large cell ratio P_LCR decreased from baseline to recovery. Heart rate (HR) and rate pressure product (RPP) were augmented at IP following IRE compared to TRE. HR was significantly elevated for 20 minutes after both RE protocols, and RPP recovered by five minutes. Systolic blood pressure was increased at IP compared to baseline and all recovery time points for both RE protocols. Our research demonstrated that both RE protocols, produced transient increases in platelet indices (MPV, and P_LCR) and hemodynamic variables (SBP, HR, and RPP), all of which returned to baseline within an hour. Notably, the IRE protocol elicited a greater increase in HR and RPP compared to the TRE protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Soltani
- Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, Canada
| | - Atefe Sarvestan
- Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health, Department of Biological Sciences in Sport, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Hoseinzadeh
- Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health, Department of Biological Sciences in Sport, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sajad Ahmadizad
- Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health, Department of Biological Sciences in Sport, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - J. Derek Kingsley
- Exercise Science and Exercise Physiology, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States of America
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Gifford J, Kofoed J, Leach O, Wallace T, Dorff A, Hanson BE, Proffit M, Griffin G, Collins J. Impact of Interrepetition Rest on Muscle Blood Flow and Exercise Tolerance during Resistance Exercise. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 58:medicina58060822. [PMID: 35744085 PMCID: PMC9230920 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58060822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Muscle blood flow is impeded during resistance exercise contractions, but immediately increases during recovery. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of brief bouts of rest (2 s) between repetitions of resistance exercise on muscle blood flow and exercise tolerance. Materials and Methods: Ten healthy young adults performed single-leg knee extension resistance exercises with no rest between repetitions (i.e., continuous) and with 2 s of rest between each repetition (i.e., intermittent). Exercise tolerance was measured as the maximal power that could be sustained for 3 min (PSUS) and as the maximum number of repetitions (Reps80%) that could be performed at 80% one-repetition maximum (1RM). The leg blood flow, muscle oxygenation of the vastus lateralis and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were measured during various exercise trials. Alpha was set to p ≤ 0.05. Results: Leg blood flow was significantly greater, while vascular resistance and MAP were significantly less during intermittent compared with continuous resistance exercise at the same power outputs (p < 0.01). PSUS was significantly greater during intermittent than continuous resistance exercise (29.5 ± 2.1 vs. 21.7 ± 1.2 W, p = 0.01). Reps80% was also significantly greater during intermittent compared with continuous resistance exercise (26.5 ± 5.3 vs. 16.8 ± 2.1 repetitions, respectively; p = 0.02), potentially due to increased leg blood flow and muscle oxygen saturation during intermittent resistance exercise (p < 0.05). Conclusions: In conclusion, a brief rest between repetitions of resistance exercise effectively decreased vascular resistance, increased blood flow to the exercising muscle, and increased exercise tolerance to resistance exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayson Gifford
- Department of Exercise Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA; (J.K.); (O.L.); (T.W.); (A.D.); (B.E.H.); (M.P.); (G.G.); (J.C.)
- Program of Gerontology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Jason Kofoed
- Department of Exercise Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA; (J.K.); (O.L.); (T.W.); (A.D.); (B.E.H.); (M.P.); (G.G.); (J.C.)
| | - Olivia Leach
- Department of Exercise Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA; (J.K.); (O.L.); (T.W.); (A.D.); (B.E.H.); (M.P.); (G.G.); (J.C.)
| | - Taysom Wallace
- Department of Exercise Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA; (J.K.); (O.L.); (T.W.); (A.D.); (B.E.H.); (M.P.); (G.G.); (J.C.)
| | - Abigail Dorff
- Department of Exercise Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA; (J.K.); (O.L.); (T.W.); (A.D.); (B.E.H.); (M.P.); (G.G.); (J.C.)
| | - Brady E. Hanson
- Department of Exercise Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA; (J.K.); (O.L.); (T.W.); (A.D.); (B.E.H.); (M.P.); (G.G.); (J.C.)
| | - Meagan Proffit
- Department of Exercise Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA; (J.K.); (O.L.); (T.W.); (A.D.); (B.E.H.); (M.P.); (G.G.); (J.C.)
| | - Garrett Griffin
- Department of Exercise Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA; (J.K.); (O.L.); (T.W.); (A.D.); (B.E.H.); (M.P.); (G.G.); (J.C.)
| | - Jessica Collins
- Department of Exercise Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA; (J.K.); (O.L.); (T.W.); (A.D.); (B.E.H.); (M.P.); (G.G.); (J.C.)
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Rúa-Alonso M, Mayo X, Rial-Vázquez J, Fariñas J, Aracama A, Iglesias-Soler E. Hemodynamic response to different set configurations of a moderate-load resistance exercise. Int J Sports Med 2022; 43:1118-1128. [PMID: 35508201 DOI: 10.1055/a-1843-8778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to determine the cardiovascular responses to two different set configuration resistance-exercise protocols during a knee extension composed of 40 repetitions with a 15RM load and a total resting time of 360 seconds. Twenty-four healthy sport science students randomly performed two sessions: (a) a long set configuration session (LSC: 4 sets of 10 repetitions with 2 min rest between sets) and (b) a short set configuration session (SSC: 8 sets of 5 repetitions with 51 s rest between sets). Before and during exercise, peak and mean values of heart rate, blood pressure, rate pressure product, and pulse pressure were obtained. Results showed that both protocols increased the overall peak and mean blood pressure values (p < 0.001). However, LSC entailed a higher peak blood pressure response at the last set (p = 0.041) and an increase throughout the first 30 repetitions (p ≤ 0.007), while SSC kept steady after the first 20 repetitions. Additionally, LSC caused higher overall peak and mean heart rate and rate pressure product values (p ≤ 0.003). Summarily, although both protocols raised blood pressure, SSC reduced the extent of the pressure and chronotropic response during resistance exercise.
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Perry BG, Lucas SJE. The Acute Cardiorespiratory and Cerebrovascular Response to Resistance Exercise. SPORTS MEDICINE-OPEN 2021; 7:36. [PMID: 34046740 PMCID: PMC8160070 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-021-00314-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Resistance exercise (RE) is a popular modality for the general population and athletes alike, due to the numerous benefits of regular participation. The acute response to dynamic RE is characterised by temporary and bidirectional physiological extremes, not typically seen in continuous aerobic exercise (e.g. cycling) and headlined by phasic perturbations in blood pressure that challenge cerebral blood flow (CBF) regulation. Cerebral autoregulation has been heavily scrutinised over the last decade with new data challenging the effectiveness of this intrinsic flow regulating mechanism, particularly to abrupt changes in blood pressure over the course of seconds (i.e. dynamic cerebral autoregulation), like those observed during RE. Acutely, RE can challenge CBF regulation, resulting in adverse responses (e.g. syncope). Compared with aerobic exercise, RE is relatively understudied, particularly high-intensity dynamic RE with a concurrent Valsalva manoeuvre (VM). However, the VM alone challenges CBF regulation and generates additional complexity when trying to dissociate the mechanisms underpinning the circulatory response to RE. Given the disparate circulatory response between aerobic and RE, primarily the blood pressure profiles, regulation of CBF is ostensibly different. In this review, we summarise current literature and highlight the acute physiological responses to RE, with a focus on the cerebral circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake G Perry
- School of Health Sciences, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand.
| | - Samuel J E Lucas
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences & Centre for Human Brain Health, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Paulo AC, Forjaz CLM, Mion D, Silva GV, Barros S, Tricoli V. Blood Pressure Increase in Hypertensive Individuals During Resistance Training Protocols With Equated Work to Rest Ratio. Front Physiol 2020; 11:481. [PMID: 32714194 PMCID: PMC7344260 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Despite growing evidence regarding the benefits of resistance training in hypertension, the large and abrupt rise of systolic blood pressure (SBP) observed during resistance exercise execution has resulted in concern about its safety. However, the manipulation of the resistance training protocol (RTP) organization, maintaining the work to rest ratio equated between protocols (W:R-equated), may reduce the SBP increase. Purpose: To compare cardiovascular responses during two W:R-equated RTPs (3 × 15:88 s vs. 9 × 5:22 s – sets × reps: rest between sets) performed in exercises for the lower and upper limbs. Methods: Twelve medicated hypertensives (48 ± 8 years) randomly performed two RTPs in the bilateral leg extension (BLE) and unilateral elbow flexion (UEF) exercises at 50% 1RM. Increases (Δ) of SBP, heart rate (HR) and rate pressure product (RPP) during the exercises were measured by photoplethysmography. Results: In both BLE and UEF exercises, Δ SBP was significantly greater during 3 × 15:88 s than 9 × 5:22 s (peak values: BLE = + 84 ± 39 vs. + 67 ± 20 mm Hg, and UEF = + 46 ± 25 vs. + 37 ± 18 mm Hg, respectively, both p < 0.05). ΔHR and ΔRPP were significantly higher in the 3 × 15:88 s than 9 × 5:22 s in BLE (peak values + 45 ± 17 vs. + 30 ± 8 bpm, and + 15,559 ± 5570 vs. + 10,483 ± 2614 mm Hg. bpm). Conclusion: In medicated hypertensives, a RTP combining more sets with less repetitions per set and shorter rest intervals between sets (i.e., 9 × 5:22 s) produced a smaller increase in cardiovascular load (ΔSBP, ΔHR and ΔRPP) during its execution than a protocol with fewer longer sets (i.e., 3 × 15:88 s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderson Caetano Paulo
- Academic Department of Physical Education, Federal Technological University of Paranná, Curitiba, Brazil.,School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudia L M Forjaz
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Décio Mion
- General Hospital, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Silvana Barros
- General Hospital, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Valmor Tricoli
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Jurik R, Stastny P. Role of Nutrition and Exercise Programs in Reducing Blood Pressure: A Systematic Review. J Clin Med 2019; 8:E1393. [PMID: 31492032 PMCID: PMC6780911 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8091393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The combined effect of diet and strength training (ST) on blood pressure (BP) seems to be very important for the treatment of prehypertension and hypertension (HT). Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine whether ST alone or combined with nutrition or supplementation has an impact on the arterial pressure reduction in normotensive and hypertensive populations. A systematic computerized literature search was performed according to the PRISMA guidelines using PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar; only English language studies published from 1999 until 2018 were included. This systematic search identified the results of 303 individuals from nine studies. The ST program alone had a similar effectiveness as the nutrition program (NP) alone; however, their combination did not result in increased effectiveness in terms of a high BP reduction. The consumption of L-citrulline had a similar effect as ST on lowering BP; on the other hand, caffeine led to an increase in BP during the ST session. Our data suggest that a combination of ST 2-3 times a week at moderate intensity and a NP seems to be equally effective in terms of lowering BP (systolic and diastolic) as ST and NP alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Jurik
- Department of Sport, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, 162 52 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Stastny
- Department of Sport, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, 162 52 Prague, Czech Republic.
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Coelho-Júnior HJ, Gonçalves IDO, Câmara NOS, Cenedeze MA, Bacurau RF, Asano RY, Santana J, Caperuto E, Uchida MC, Rodrigues B. Non-periodized and Daily Undulating Periodized Resistance Training on Blood Pressure of Older Women. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1525. [PMID: 30542289 PMCID: PMC6277793 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed at investigating the effects of a daily undulating periodization (DUP) and non-periodized (NP) resistance training programs on hemodynamic parameters of older women. Forty-two older women were randomized into one of the three experimental groups: NP, DUP, and control group (CG). Evaluations of the hemodynamic parameters occurred before, during and after the intervention. The exercise programs were performed twice a week over 22 weeks. NP and DUP groups were based on 3 sets of 8-10 repetitions in 9 exercises. In NP, the two exercise sessions were based on traditional strength training, which was performed at a Difficult intensity according to the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) method. In DUP, the first session was based on power resistance exercise, in which the concentric muscle contraction was performed as fast as possible at a moderate intensity based on RPE, while the second session was the same that was performed by NP. The findings demonstrated that diastolic blood pressure (90.4 vs. 76.2 mmHg) and mean arterial pressure (108.6 vs. 92.7 mmHg) were significantly reduced after NP, while no significant alterations were observed in DUP. Nevertheless, both training groups seem to have a cardio protective effect, since both training modes prevented the increase in HR reported in the experimental period in CG. In conclusion, our findings indicate that a 22-week NP resistance training program causes beneficial effects on hemodynamic parameters of older women. Trial Registration: NCT03443375.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélio J. Coelho-Júnior
- Applied Kinesiology Laboratory, Department of Adapted Physical Activity, Faculty of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual de Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
- Exercise Physiology Applied to Disease Research Group, Department of Adapted Physical Activity, Faculty of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual de Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Niels O. S. Câmara
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunology, Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marco A. Cenedeze
- Nephrology Division, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Reury F. Bacurau
- School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Yukio Asano
- School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jeferson Santana
- Human Movement Laboratory, Universidade São Judas Tadeu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Erico Caperuto
- Human Movement Laboratory, Universidade São Judas Tadeu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marco C. Uchida
- Applied Kinesiology Laboratory, Department of Adapted Physical Activity, Faculty of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual de Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Bruno Rodrigues
- Applied Kinesiology Laboratory, Department of Adapted Physical Activity, Faculty of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual de Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
- Exercise Physiology Applied to Disease Research Group, Department of Adapted Physical Activity, Faculty of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual de Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
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Gambassi BB, Coelho-Junior HJ, Schwingel PA, Almeida FDJF, Gaspar Novais TM, Lauande Oliveira PDL, Sauaia BA, Melo CD, Uchida MC, Rodrigues B. Resistance Training and Stroke: A Critical Analysis of Different Training Programs. Stroke Res Treat 2017; 2017:4830265. [PMID: 29423327 PMCID: PMC5750509 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4830265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to carry out a literature review on the overall benefits of resistance training (RT) after stroke and undertake a critical analysis of the resistance exercise programs surveyed (rest interval between sets and exercises, number of sets, number of repetitions, intensity, duration of training, and weekly frequency). To obtain articles for the review, we searched PubMed, Google Scholar, and Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro). Inclusion criteria were considered using the PICO (population, intervention, control/comparison, and outcome variables) model. The following characteristics were recorded for all articles: type of study, author, year of publication, participants (time after stroke, sample size, and age), benefits of RT, and structured resistance exercise programs. Positive effects of training were found on anxiety status, quality of life, muscle hypertrophy, cognitive function, strength, and muscle power. Only 5 studies described the main variables of RT in detail. Lack of control of some variables of RT may negatively affect the results of this practice. The findings of the present study may further inform health and physical conditioning professionals on the importance and necessity of using the main variables in the search for benefits for individuals with stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bruno Rodrigues
- Faculty of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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