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Horgan BG, West NP, Tee N, Drinkwater EJ, Halson SL, Vider J, Fonda CJ, Haff GG, Chapman DW. Acute Inflammatory, Anthropometric, and Perceptual (Muscle Soreness) Effects of Postresistance Exercise Water Immersion in Junior International and Subelite Male Volleyball Athletes. J Strength Cond Res 2022; 36:3473-3484. [PMID: 34537801 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Horgan, BG, West, NP, Tee, N, Drinkwater, EJ, Halson, SL, Vider, J, Fonda, CJ, Haff, GG, and Chapman, DW. Acute inflammatory, anthropometric, and perceptual (muscle soreness) effects of postresistance exercise water immersion in junior international and subelite male volleyball athletes. J Strength Cond Res 36(12): 3473-3484, 2022-Athletes use water immersion strategies to recover from training and competition. This study investigated the acute effects of postexercise water immersion after resistance exercise. Eighteen elite and subelite male volleyball athletes participated in an intervention using a randomized cross-over design. On separate occasions after resistance exercise, subjects completed 1 of 4 15-minute interventions: control (CON), cold water immersion (CWI), contrast water therapy (CWT), or hot water immersion (HWI). Significance was accepted at p ≤ 0.05. Resistance exercise induced significant temporal changes (time effect) for inflammatory, anthropometric, perceptual, and performance measures. Serum creatine kinase was reduced ( g = 0.02-0.30) after CWI ( p = 0.007), CWT ( p = 0.006), or HWI ( p < 0.001) vs. CON, whereas it increased significantly ( g = 0.50) after CWI vs. HWI. Contrast water therapy resulted in significantly higher ( g = 0.56) interleukin-6 concentrations vs. HWI. Thigh girth increased ( g = 0.06-0.16) after CWI vs. CON ( p = 0.013) and HWI ( p < 0.001) and between CWT vs. HWI ( p = 0.050). Similarly, calf girth increased ( g = 0.01-0.12) after CWI vs. CON ( p = 0.039) and CWT ( p = 0.018), and HWI vs. CON ( p = 0.041) and CWT ( p = 0.018). Subject belief in a postexercise intervention strategy was associated with HSP72 ("believer">"nonbeliever," p = 0.026), muscle soreness ("believer">"nonbeliever," p = 0.002), and interleukin-4 ("nonbeliever">"believer," p = 0.002). There were no significant treatment × time (interaction effect) pairwise comparisons. Choice of postexercise water immersion strategy (i.e., cold, contrast, or hot) combined with a belief in the efficacy of that strategy to enhance recovery or performance improves biological and perceptual markers of muscle damage and soreness. On same or subsequent days where resistance exercise bouts are performed, practitioners should consider athlete beliefs when prescribing postexercise water immersion, to reduce muscle soreness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry G Horgan
- Australian Institute of Sport, Bruce, ACT, Australia.,School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.,Brumbies Rugby, Bruce, ACT, Australia
| | - Nicholas P West
- School of Medical Science and Menzies Health Institute QLD, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nicolin Tee
- Australian Institute of Sport, Bruce, ACT, Australia
| | - Eric J Drinkwater
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.,Center for Sport Research, School of Exercise & Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shona L Halson
- Australian Institute of Sport, Bruce, ACT, Australia.,Australian Catholic University, McAuley at Banyo, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jelena Vider
- School of Medical Science and Menzies Health Institute QLD, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - G Gregory Haff
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.,Directorate of Psychology and Sport, University of Salford, Salford, Greater Manchester, United Kingdom; and
| | - Dale W Chapman
- Australian Institute of Sport, Bruce, ACT, Australia.,School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.,New South Wales Institute of Sport, Sydney Olympic Park, New South Wales, Australia
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Neves EB, Martinez EC, Meneck FD, Reis VM. Superficial thermal response to CrossFit® workout. MOTRIZ: REVISTA DE EDUCACAO FISICA 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/s1980-65742020000400157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Borba Neves
- Exército Brasileiro, Brazil; Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR), Brazil
| | | | | | - Victor Machado Reis
- Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Portugal; Centro de Investigação em Ciências do Desporto, Portugal
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